EP2181301B1 - Passive wärmereglervorrichtung mit flüssigkeitsmikrokreislauf und kapillarpumpung - Google Patents

Passive wärmereglervorrichtung mit flüssigkeitsmikrokreislauf und kapillarpumpung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2181301B1
EP2181301B1 EP08826914A EP08826914A EP2181301B1 EP 2181301 B1 EP2181301 B1 EP 2181301B1 EP 08826914 A EP08826914 A EP 08826914A EP 08826914 A EP08826914 A EP 08826914A EP 2181301 B1 EP2181301 B1 EP 2181301B1
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Prior art keywords
condenser
tube
outer tube
evaporator
mass
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EP08826914A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2181301A1 (de
Inventor
Christophe Figus
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Airbus Defence and Space SAS
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Astrium SAS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/043—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure forming loops, e.g. capillary pumped loops

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a purely passive thermal regulation device, comprising at least one heat transfer loop circulating a heat transfer fluid by capillary pumping, of the type also called capillary pumping fluid micro-loop, and used for cooling sources. hot, such as components or sets of electronic components (circuits).
  • a device according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from the document US 2005/086806 A .
  • a heat transfer loop comprises an evaporator for extracting heat from a hot source, and a condenser, intended to restore this heat to a cold source.
  • the evaporator and the condenser are connected by a pipe, in which circulates a heat transfer fluid in the liquid state in the cold part of the loop, and in the gaseous state in the hot part of this loop.
  • the device of the invention relates more particularly to fluid loops, the pumping of the coolant is provided by capillarity (capillary loop).
  • the evaporator is associated with a fluid reserve in the liquid state, and comprises a microporous mass (also called wick) ensuring the pumping of the fluid by capillarity.
  • the fluid in the liquid phase present in the reserve associated with the evaporator evaporates in the microporous mass under the effect of heat from the hot source.
  • the gas thus created is discharged to the condenser, in heat exchange contact with the cold source and where it condenses and returns to the liquid phase to the evaporator, to thereby create a heat transfer cycle.
  • One of the limitations of such a heat transfer loop in operation lies in the amount, more or less important, of thermal energy which is transferred to the liquid reserve, through the evaporator.
  • a first effect of this parasitic phenomenon is to heat the liquid circulating in the loop or contained in the evaporator reserve.
  • a second parasitic effect is to reduce the thermal performance of the transfer loop, which is very sensitive to the temperature of this liquid. Indeed, such a transfer loop carries the quasi-totality of the energy by phase change of the heat transfer fluid, and requires, in order to operate, a few frigories to maintain in the liquid state the fluid flowing from the condenser to the evaporator. Heating, even partial, of this liquid by any bias therefore significantly degrades the heat transfer performance of the loop, eventually leading to its total shutdown.
  • the object of the present invention relates to passive capillary pumping micro-loop thermal control devices for cooling hot sources such as electronic components and / or circuits.
  • components or electronic circuits are characterized by a reduced size (thickness 1 to 2 mm, surface 10 to 100 mm 2 , for example), and high power densities to be evacuated (more than 50 W / cm 2 , for example).
  • the temperature variation between the junction of the component or electronic circuit and the housing of said component or circuit is very large (in a factor of 2 to 3) in front of the temperature variation of the component housing or circuit and the temperature of a soleplate of a card where the component or circuit is implanted.
  • a capillary pumping heat transfer loop to the size of the component or circuit, called a micro-loop, advantageously reduces the temperature difference between the junction of the component or circuit and the sole of the card where it is implanted, and thus increase the reliability of the component or circuit, by increasing the power dissipated by this component or circuit.
  • micro-loop capillary pumping is characterized in that its dimensions are reduced (typical thickness of 1 to 2 mm, typical surface from 10 to 100 mm 2 ), to allow its installation closer, see inside , component or circuit.
  • a first disadvantage of the state of the art for the realization of such a device lies in the fact that the size reduction of the said micro-loop promotes the parasitic transfer of heat to the liquid reserve, which greatly degrades the loop performance.
  • This disadvantage is one of the main limitations for reducing the size of the evaporator of a micro-loop according to the state of the art.
  • a fluid-loop device representative of the state of the art is that described in FIG. US7111394 .
  • the evaporator 11 is connected to a liquid reservoir 15, and comprises a mass microporous 12 of generally cylindrical shape, pierced with a central artery 14, inside which circulates the liquid phase 19 of the fluid returning from the condenser 16 to the reservoir 15.
  • this artery 14 at the periphery of the microporous mass 12, are pierced conduits 13 in which is collected the steam 18 resulting from the heat exchange taking place in the evaporator 11, between the mass 12 and the fluid in the liquid phase in the tank 15, and pumped by capillary action by the microporous mass 12. It is noted that the vapor phase 18 is confined to the periphery of the mass 12, as close as possible to the zone where the heat exchange takes place between the hot source (for example an electronic component in contact with the face external of the tube 10 at the evaporator 11) and the evaporator 11.
  • the hot source for example an electronic component in contact with the face external of the tube 10 at the evaporator 11
  • the vapor phase is thus maintained at a sufficient distance from the central liquid phase, avoiding that parasitic heat flux inevitably t present in the mass 12 do not heat the liquid phase too much and affect the efficiency of the loop.
  • the vapor phase collected in the conduits 13 of the mass 12 is guided towards the condenser 16 by the annular space between the outer tube 10 and an inner tube 17, in one or more parts, connected at one end to the end of the tube.
  • central artery 14 of the mass 12 while its opposite end opens into the condenser 16 and communicates with the annular volume between the tubes 10 and 17, to collect the condensates and recycle the liquid phase to the reservoir 15.
  • the peripheral ducts 13 will be very close to the internal artery 14 bringing the liquid, and especially since the diameters of the ducts 13 and 14 of the artery must be of sufficient size to ensure a fluid flow for efficient transport of heat to be evacuated. Large parasitic heat fluxes will then inevitably settle from the vapor to the liquid, the liquid will heat up and the efficiency of the loop will collapse.
  • the invention proposes a device with at least one micro-loop, very simple to implement, limiting these parasitic effects and thus improving the thermal performance of each micro-loop.
  • the device according to the invention is also advantageous for fluid loops of larger size and heat transfer capacity.
  • the invention proposes a passive thermal regulation device, comprising at least one thermal transfer loop with capillary pumping of a heat transfer fluid, said loop comprising an evaporator comprising a microporous mass, and a condenser, intended to be in heat exchange relation with respectively a hot source and a cold source, and a pipe connecting the evaporator to the condenser and transporting the coolant substantially in vapor phase from the evaporator to the condenser and essentially in phase liquid from the condenser to the evaporator, the pipework comprising an outer tube, housing the mass microporous of substantially elongate shape, and which ensures the circulation of coolant fluid in the liquid phase by capillary pumping, which is characterized in that said liquid phase of said fluid is pumped by at least one end of the microporous mass which is turned towards the condenser, and circulates in at least one external pipe delimited between said outer tube and at least one inner tube extending in said
  • said outer tube is closed on itself by forming a continuous loop, of which two substantially opposite portions, with respect to the center of said loop, are in thermal exchange relationship with each other.
  • said outer tube is closed at its two ends, and its two ends are in thermal exchange relation with one of said condenser and the other with said evaporator and with said microporous mass housed in this end of the outer tube, said liquid phase of said fluid is pumped by the end of the microporous mass facing the condenser, and circulates in an external pipe delimited between said outer tube and an inner tube extending into said outer tube, and the vapor phase of said heated fluid at the level of the microporous mass of the evaporator is collected in a longitudinal central duct formed in said microporous mass and evacuated by the internal duct defined in said inner tube, said inner tube being connected at one end to one end of said central duct, while the vapor phase is evacuated e at the other end of said inner tube, at the condenser.
  • said other end of said at least one inner tube located at the condenser is fitted into a microporous mass annulus filling a defined space in said condenser between said other end of said inner tube and said outer tube.
  • the liquid condensing at the condenser is drained to said annular microporous mass, preferably along the wall of said outer tube for example by a capillary drain or a microporous mass located along the wall said outer tube at said condenser.
  • each of the evaporator and the condenser comprises at least one outer sleeve of a material that is a good conductor of heat, said at least one sleeve of the evaporator surrounding, at least partially , a portion of the outer tube which houses said microporous mass, and said at least one sleeve of the condenser surrounding a portion of the outer tube wherein at least one inner pipe releases the vapor phase fluid to said at least one outer pipe.
  • At least one of the outer sleeves of the evaporator and the condenser comprises at least one sole of a material that is a good conductor of heat and by which said sleeve is intended to be placed in heat exchange relation with a source respectively hot or cold.
  • said at least one inner tube has its walls made of at least one thermally insulating material, preferably a synthetic plastic material, in order to ensure good thermal insulation between the vapor phase flowing in the inner tube and the liquid phase flowing in the pipe (s) located (s) between the inner tube and the outer tube.
  • said at least one internal vapor evacuation tube enters the interior of said microporous mass to ensure a greater seal between the vapor and liquid phases of the fluid at the level of the microporous mass.
  • said inner tube comprises in its outer wall at least one capillary drain defined for example by at least one substantially longitudinal groove, at least at the portion of said inner tube which penetrates into the microporous mass, so as to bring the liquid phase deep inside said microporous mass by capillarity.
  • the outer wall of said at least one inner tube comprises capillary drains defined for example by substantially longitudinal grooves extending preferably over the entire length of said tube.
  • the outer wall of said at least one inner tube is in contact with the inner wall of said outer tube, except at at least one capillary drain defined by at least one substantially longitudinal groove dug in the outer surface of said inner tube and defining at least one outer pipe leading the liquid phase of said fluid.
  • Said microporous mass advantageously has a substantially cylindrical outer shape, as well as the portion of said outer tube which houses it without radial play.
  • said evaporator has a zone intended to be in thermal exchange contact with said hot source and whose dimension along the axis of said outer tube is significantly greater. small as the length of said microporous mass, preferably of the order of half of said length of said mass.
  • said microporous mass has a length that is about 2 to 15 times greater than its diameter so as to create a large liquid reserve remote from the heat exchange zone with the hot source.
  • said outer tube is in heat exchange contact with said microporous mass over the entire outer surface of said mass except one or both of its longitudinal end faces.
  • said outer tube is of constant diameter section.
  • the outer tube is advantageously made of a good heat conducting material, at least in part in heat exchange relation with said microporous mass, and in another part in heat exchange relationship with said condenser or constituent. this last.
  • said outer tube is metallic, preferably made of stainless steel.
  • said outer tube and said at least one inner tube are cylindrical of circular cross section, the diameter of said at least one inner tube being substantially half the diameter of the outer tube.
  • the subject of the invention is also the application of a passive thermal regulation device to at least one heat transfer loop according to the invention and as defined above, to the transfer of thermal energy.
  • a heat source such as a component or set of electronic components, in heat exchange relation with the evaporator, to a cold source, in heat exchange relation with the condenser.
  • FIG. figure 3 A first embodiment of the passive thermal regulation device of the invention is illustrated in FIG. figure 3 , representing the whole of a double micro-loop in longitudinal section, the figure 4 longitudinal section of the area of the loop including the evaporator and the figure 5 representing a cross-section of the evaporator at its center. All the numerical values and technical characteristics relating to the materials and fluids given below are only indicative. These indications are compatible with an industrial embodiment of the invention with the current means of the art.
  • the capillary pumping fluid micro-loop device 20 comprises an outer tube 21 with walls made of a good heat-conducting material, advantageously metallic, for example made of stainless steel, which is a tube, for example a cylindrical section tube. circular cross-section, with a constant outer diameter of 2 mm, and a wall thickness of 0.2 mm.
  • This tube 21 is closed on itself in a continuous loop to form a closed circuit, in which circulates a coolant, which can be typically of ammonia, water, or any other two-phase fluid.
  • a filling tube of the micro-loop connecting to the main tube 21 is not represented on the figure 3 to simplify the scheme.
  • a microporous mass or wick 23 At the level of an evaporator 22, a microporous mass or wick 23, cylindrical in shape of circular section, is positioned without radial clearance inside a section of the tube 21.
  • the outer diameter of the microporous mass 23 is therefore 1.6 mm, and its length is for example 20 mm.
  • the microporous mass may be of a single block of the same constitution, with pores whose diameter or the main dimension is of the order of 1 to 10 microns.
  • the pores may be of an optionally variable size, for example ranging from large pores to the axial end zones 23b of the wick 23 to promote the capillary pumping of the liquid and its insulation vis-à-vis stray heat flows from the hot source 27 and the central zone 23a of the wick 23, to small pores in the central zone 23a of the wick 23, where the vaporization of the pumped liquid fluid occurs, as explained below.
  • the evaporator 22 also comprises a cylindrical sleeve 24, also of circular section, which is traversed axially and without substantial radial play by the portion of the outer tube 21, which surrounds the microporous mass 23, this sleeve 24 being made of a good conducting material heat, preferably metal, and possibly of the same nature as the outer tube 21, that is to say, stainless steel, the length of this sleeve 24 along its axis, which is also that of this section of the tube 21 and the microporous mass 23 (because these three elements are substantially coaxial) being about half the length of the mass 23.
  • a good conducting material heat preferably metal, and possibly of the same nature as the outer tube 21, that is to say, stainless steel
  • the sleeve 24 is in good thermal exchange relation with the outer tube 21, which is also in good heat exchange relation with the microporous mass 23, over the entire external surface of the latter except for its two end faces.
  • 23c longitudinal connected to each other by a central duct 25 cylindrical circular section, which passes through the mass 23 from one side.
  • the sleeve 24 of the evaporator 22 is integral with a sole 26, and preferably in one piece with the latter, whose axial dimension may be preferably the same as that of the sleeve 24, and which constitutes a zone by which the evaporator 22 can be placed in heat exchange relationship with a hot source 27, schematized in dashed lines on the Figures 3, 4 and 5 by a parallelepipedal body, which may be a circuit or an electronic component to be cooled, and against which the sole 26 is in plane contact favoring heat transfer by conduction of the hot source 27 to the sole 26 and thus to the sleeve 24, itself even in good heat exchange relation, as already mentioned above, with the microporous mass 23, because of the coaxial assembly without radial play of this mass 23 in a section of the tube 21, and of the latter in the sleeve 24 of the evaporator 22.
  • the sole 26 of the evaporator 22 in thermal contact with the hot source 27 thus has a dimension of approximately 10 mm along the axis of the outer tube 21, and this sole 26 is centered with respect to the microporous mass 23, so that the two zones and end faces 23b and 23c of the microporous mass 23 are remote from the central zone 23a of heat exchange with the hot source 27.
  • the microporous mass 23 is assembled to the inner cylindrical wall of the tube 21, and the outer cylindrical wall of this tube 21 is itself assembled to the inner cylindrical wall of the sleeve 24 of the evaporator 22 by any means which ensures the best possible thermal contact, for example by gluing, sintering or any other means.
  • the device also comprises a condenser 28 mounted, in this example, at a rectilinear section of the outer tube 21 which is opposite to the rectilinear section of tube 21 passing through the evaporator 22, in the loop formed by this outer tube 21 and in relation to the center of this loop.
  • the condenser 28 comprises a cylindrical sleeve 29 made of a good heat-conducting material, preferably a metal material, which is in good thermal exchange contact with the section of tube 21 passing through it.
  • a cold source 30 schematized on the figure 3 by a dotted rectangle, and which may be a heat sink, for example a metal element of a supporting structure.
  • the sleeve 29 of the condenser may optionally comprise a sole (not shown) promoting the heat exchange contact with the cold source 30, and, as in the evaporator 22, measures can be taken to favor the contact thermal between the sleeve 29 of the condenser 28 and the outer tube portion 21 which passes therethrough.
  • the device also comprises two inner tubes 31, which, in this example, are substantially identical to one another, cylindrical with a circular section, of a constant diameter which is substantially half of that of the outer tube 21, and which are made of a thermally insulating material, for example a so-called plastic synthetic material.
  • their outer diameter is 1 mm
  • their wall thickness is 0.1 mm.
  • Each of these inner tubes 31 has a first end 32, through which it is fitted and fixed in one of the two longitudinal ends of the longitudinal central duct 25, for example with a diameter of 0.8 mm, of the microporous mass 23, as represented more precisely on the figure 4 , so that each of the inner tubes 31 is connected to the microporous mass 23 by fitting its first end 32 into one respectively of the two longitudinal end zones 23b of this mass 23.
  • the connection of the inner tubes 31 with the mass microporous 23 must be sealed to prevent the liquid and vapor phases are in contact at this level.
  • each of the two inner tubes 31 enters the section of the outer tube 21 passing through the sleeve 29 of the condenser 28, in which each second end 33 opens freely opposite the second end 33 of the other inner tube 31, so that the outer tube 21 and the two inner tubes 31 delimit an annular outer pipe 34, inside the outer tube 21 and outside the tubes 31, and two internal pipes 35 each inside one of the two inner tubes respectively 31.
  • each of the inner tubes 31 may be advantageous to seal the end 33 of each of the inner tubes 31 in one of the two annular microporous masses 38 respectively, each filling an annular space delimited between a portion of the corresponding end 33 and a radially peripheral portion of the outer tube 21 in the condenser 28, and whose function is to capture the liquid phase by capillarity at the condenser 28, while avoiding a return of the vapor phase in the outer pipe 34. It is advantageous to extend these annular microporous masses 38 along the inner wall of the outer tube 21 at the condenser 28, in order to pump the liquid more efficiently at this level.
  • This capillary drain may be produced by a cylindrical sleeve 39 of microporous mass, of radial thickness less than that of the masses 38, and connecting them to one another, and possibly in one piece with the two masses 38 in A variant microporous element 40.
  • the cylindrical sleeve 39 may be replaced by a metal sleeve with grooves extending from one to the other of its axial ends, in its inner face, each groove forming a capillary drain. .
  • the operation of this device is as follows.
  • the sole 26 of the evaporator 22 collects heat generated by the hot source 27, and transmits it through conduction at the section of the outer tube 21 in contact with the microporous mass 23.
  • This microporous mass 23 thus heated by the outer tube section 21 which surrounds it, essentially heats in its central zone 23a the fluid in the liquid phase coming from the external pipe 34 and which has been sucked and pumped by capillarity by the microporous mass 23, at its longitudinal end regions 23b long enough axially to thermally isolate the liquid in the outer pipe 34 which can thus contain a liquid reserve near the wick 23.
  • Each axial end face 23c of the wick 23 where the liquid phase arrives is also remote from the central zone 23a of this wick which is in heat exchange with the hot source 27. In other words, each end zone 23b of the microporous mass 23 moves the liquid away from the zone 23a hot central where the vaporization occurs.
  • the fluid in the liquid phase pumped into the microporous mass 23 is vaporized in the central zone 23a and the vapor is collected in the central conduit 25 of the mass 23, where the vapor phase fluid is evacuated towards each of the two internal conduits 35, which guide the fluid in the vapor phase to the ends 33 of the inner tubes 31, in the condenser 28, where the vapor of this fluid condenses, and the liquid condensates are pumped by the microporous masses 38, 39 and guided by the external duct 34 from the condenser 28 to the evaporator 22, to supply liquid phase fluid to the microporous mass 23, by its two faces and end zones 23c and 23b longitudinal, as already mentioned above.
  • the fluid in the liquid phase moves according to the arrows 36 of the figure 3 in the external pipe 34, from the condenser 28 to the two longitudinal ends 23c of the microporous mass 23 of the evaporator 22, while the steam generated by the evaporator 22 during operation of the loop is recovered in the central duct 25 of the mass 23, in the central zone 23a of the latter, and discharged by the two longitudinal end zones 23b of this mass 23 into the internal pipes 35, in which the fluid in the vapor phase moves according to the arrows 37 of the figure 3 , from the evaporator 22 to the condenser 28, where these pipes 35 are in communication with the external conduit 34 for returning the fluid in the liquid phase to the evaporator 22 via the microporous element 40.
  • the material thermally insulating inner tubes 31, which separate the vapor phase of the liquid phase, has the advantage of limiting the heat exchange between these two phases of fluid flowing in the double loop.
  • the liquid phase fluid reserve contained in the external pipe 34, the inside of the outer tube 21 and on both sides of the microporous mass 23, is sufficiently far from the hot source 27, in spite of the reduced size of the evaporator 22, to minimize the flow of parasitic thermal energy towards this reserve of liquid, which improves the thermal performance of the device.
  • the evaporator 22 and the condenser 28 each comprise a thermally conductive sleeve 24 or 29, but, in variants, as described below with reference to Figures 7 to 10 this sleeve can be constituted directly by a section of the outer tube 21 made of a material which is a good conductor of heat, and which, alternatively also, can be made of such a good thermally conductive material only at the level of the two sections of the outer tube 21 which, for one, surrounds the microporous mass 23 and, for the other, is surrounded by the sleeve of the condenser 28 or constitutes by itself this sleeve.
  • the figure 6 represents a simplified variant of the device of the invention, comprising a capillary pump elementary micro-loop, in which there is an outer tube 21 which connects an evaporator 22 to a condenser 28, being engaged and fixed by its two longitudinal ends closed in sleeves 24 and 29 respectively of the evaporator 22 and the condenser 28.
  • the axial end portion of the outer tube 21 engaged in the sleeve 24 of the evaporator 22 surrounds the cylindrical microporous mass 23 which, in this example, has a central longitudinal duct 25, vapor collector, which opens only through the longitudinal end 23c of the mass 23 which is turned towards the condenser 28, and in which is fitted and fixed an end 32 of an inner tube 31, thermally insulating, extending inside the outer tube 21, thermally conductive.
  • the other end 33 of the inner tube 31 is fitted into an annular mass 38 of another monolithic microporous element 40 'making it possible to separate the liquid phase from the vapor phase at the condenser 28, and leads to the inside of the end portion of the outer tube 21 housed in the sleeve 29 of the condenser 28 and lined with this microporous element 40 ', for communicating the pipe 35, internal to the inner tube 31 and guiding the fluid in the vapor phase of the outlet of the duct 25 from the mass 23 to the condenser 28, with the annular external duct 36 guiding the condensed fluid in the liquid phase from the condenser 28 to the microporous mass 23 of the evaporator 22, which pumps this liquid by capillarity and vaporizes it under the effect of the heat received from the hot source 27, in heat exchange relation with the evaporator 22, this heat discharged from the hot source 27 being transferred by the condenser 28 to the cold source 30, when the fluid loop is in operation under the same conditions as described above for the example of
  • the microporous element 40 comprises the annular mass 38, similar to one of the two annular masses 38 of the figure 3 and occupying the radial space between the end 33 and the outer tube 21, and extended towards the closed end of the outer tube 21 by a thin axial microporous tube 39 'and a thin microporous radial disc 41 against the bottom closing this end of the tube 21, the tube 39 'and the microporous disk 41 constituting a capillary drain which facilitates the supply of the mass 38 in condensed liquid including the condenser 28 inside the element 40', and thus guided by capillary pumping in the outer pipe 31.
  • the tubes 21 and 31 are rectilinear, but they can be bent, in their central parts between the evaporator 22 and condenser 28, to adapt the device to the volume available in the immediate environment of the hot source 27 and / or cold 30.
  • the figures 7 and 8 represent an alternative embodiment of the device according to the Figures 3 to 5 , in which the outer sleeves of the evaporator 22 and the condenser 28 are removed and each replaced by a respective outer tube section 21 of constant outer and inner diameters along its entire length. Similarly, the outer and inner diameters of the inner tubes 31 are constant over their entire length, the internal diameters of the inner tubes 31 and the central duct 25 of the microporous mass 23 being equal.
  • the arrangement of the evaporator 22 and the condenser 28 is essentially the same as on the Figures 3 and 4 , so that the same references designate the same elements.
  • capillary drains 42 in the form of grooves are hollowed out in the outer face of each inner tube 31 at least at the end portion 32 of the inner tube 31 which engages in the microporous mass 23, so as to bring liquid deep into said mass 23.
  • a large number of grooves 42 may be provided throughout the outer periphery of each inner tube 31, in order to optimize the pumping rate of the fluid (see FIG. figure 8 ).
  • capillary drains 42 in the form of grooves which tighten at their opening in the outer face of the inner tube 31, thus of favorable section capillary pumping of the liquid used in the loop, can extend over the entire length of the inner tube 31 corresponding to the level of the condenser 28, in the end 33 of the tube 31, as shown on the upper half-sections of the figures 7 and 8 .
  • these grooves do not sink deeper than the half of the thickness of the wall of the inner tube 31, in order to maintain good thermal insulation between the vapor and liquid phases of the fluid.
  • each inner tube 31 enters the microporous mass 23 over an axial distance of one to several times the diameter of the outer tube 21, so that the grooves defining the capillary drains 42 guide the liquid deeply to the inside the mass 23 by capillarity.
  • the grooves of the drains 42 which may be parallel to the axis of the tube 31 or helical, are filled with a microporous material, whose pores have dimensions greater than those of the pores of the microporous mass 23, and substantially equal to or greater than those of the pores of the microporous mass 40.
  • the groove-shaped capillary drains 42 may be replaced, at least at the level of the evaporator 22, but preferably along the entire length of each inner tube 31, by another annular microporous mass 43 surrounding the inner tube 31, this another microporous mass 43 may have a different constitution than the main microporous mass 23 used for evaporation of the fluid, for example have pores with a significantly larger average diameter, typically by a factor of 2 to 10, than the average diameter pores of the main microporous mass 23 and substantially equal to or slightly greater than that of the pores of the microporous mass 40. Microporous capillary drains 43 are thus produced.
  • FIGS 9 and 10 are respectively longitudinal sections at the evaporator 22 and transverse between the latter and the condenser 28, two other embodiments of the device according to the invention.
  • the outer wall of each inner tube 31 is in contact with the inner wall of the outer tube 21, from the longitudinal ends of the microporous mass 23 of the evaporator 22 to the condenser 28, except at the narrow openings of many pipes external members 34 ', each of which is of small cross section, in this drop-shaped example, and formed in the outer surface of the inner tubes 31 which is hollowed out with a multitude of grooves 42' on the entire periphery of each tube 31.
  • grooves 42 'longitudinal or helical, or other which each define an outer pipe 34', are hollowed only in substantially the outer radial half of the thickness of the wall of each inner tube 31, so that the phase liquid flowing in these grooves 42 '- external conduits 34' remains well thermally insulated from the vapor phase flowing in the internal pipes 35 inside the tubes 31.
  • the external conduits 34 ' with a microporous material with pores of average size greater than those of the pores of the mass 23, at least in the end portions 32 and, optionally 33, of the tubes 31. , at the level of the evaporator and the condenser, even over the entire length of the tubes 31.
  • the external conduits 34 'forming capillary drains may be replaced by another annular microporous mass 43', surrounding the ends 32 and / or 33, indeed the whole of each tube 31, whose radial thickness is reduced to substantially its radial half internal, average pore sizes of the annular mass 43 'being greater than those of the pores of the mass 23, and substantially equal to or slightly greater than that of the microporous mass of the condenser.
  • External conduits arranged in capillary drains 43 ' are thus produced.
  • the filling tube opens "radially" or perpendicularly into a portion of the outer tube 21 located between the condenser and the evaporator 22.
  • such a device finds an advantageous application to the transfer of thermal energy from a hot source 27 with a high thermal power density but of small dimension, such as a component or electronic circuit, placed in heat exchange relationship with the evaporator of the device of the invention, a cold source 30 placed in heat exchange relationship with the condenser of said device.

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  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Passive Wärmereglervorrichtung, umfassend wenigstens eine Wärmeübertragungs-Schleife zum Pumpen eines Wärmeträger-Fluids vermittels Kapillareffekt, wobei die Schleife einen Verdampfer (22), welcher eine mikroporöse Masse (23) umfasst, und einen Kondensator (28) umfasst, die dazu bestimmt sind, jeweils in Wärmeaustausch-Beziehung mit einer Wärmequelle (27) und einer Kältequelle (30) zu stehen, und ein Rohrsystem umfasst, welches den Verdampfer (22) mit dem Kondensator (28) verbindet und das Wärmeträger-Fluid im Wesentlichen in der Dampfphase vom Verdampfer (22) zu dem Kondensator (28) transportiert und im Wesentlichen in der flüssigen Phase vom Kondensator (28) zum Verdampfer (22) transportiert, wobei das Rohrsystem ein externes Rohr (21) umfasst, welches die mikroporöse Masse (23) von im wesentlichen länglicher Form aufnimmt, und welches die Zirkulation des Wärmeträger-Fluids in der flüssigen Phase durch Pumpen vermittels Kapillareffekt sicherstellt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die flüssige Phase des Fluids durch wenigstens ein dem Kondensator (28) zugewandtes Ende (23c) der mikroporösen Masse (23) gepumpt wird und in wenigstens einer externen Leitung (34) zirkuliert, die zwischen dem externen Rohr (21) und wenigstens einem internen Rohr (31) abgegrenzt ist , welches sich in dem externen Rohr (21) erstreckt, und dass die Dampfphase von dem in der mikroporösen Masse (23) des Verdampfers (22) erhitzten Fluid in einer zentralen longitudinalen Leitung (25) gesammelt wird, die in der mikroporösen Masse (23) vorgesehen ist, und über wenigstens eine interne Leitung (35) abgeleitet wird, die in dem wenigstens einen internen Rohr (31) abgegrenzt ist, wobei das wenigstens eine interne Rohr (31) mit einem Ende (32) an einem Ende der zentralen Leitung (25) angeschlossen ist, während die Dampfphase an dem anderen Ende (33) des wenigstens einen internen Rohrs (31) auf der Höhe des Kondensators (28) abgeleitet wird.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das externe Rohr (21) in sich geschlossen ist, wobei es eine geschlossene Schleife bildet, von der zwei in Bezug auf das Zentrum der Schleife im Wesentlichen gegenüber liegende Teile der eine mit dem Kondensator (28) und der andere mit dem Verdampfer (22) und mit der mikroporösen Masse (23), die in dem anderen Teil des externen Rohrs (21) aufgenommen ist, und die über ihre gesamte Länge von der zentralen Leitung (25) durchquert wird, in Wärmeaustausch-Beziehung stehen, wobei zwei interne Rohre (31) sich in dem externen Rohr (21) erstrecken, wobei jedes der zwei internen Rohre (31) an einem ersten Ende (32) an jeweils einem von den zwei Enden der zentralen Leitung (25) der mikroporösen Masse (23) angeschlossen ist, während das zweite Ende (33) jedes internen Rohrs (31) in den Kondensator (28) mündet, gegenüber von dem zweiten Ende (33) des anderen internen Rohrs (31), so dass eine Verbindung der in jedem internen Rohr (31) abgegrenzten internen Leitung (35) für Fluid in der Dampfphase mit der wenigstens einem externen Leitung (34) für Fluid in der Flüssigphase hergestellt ist, welches von dem Kondensator (28) zu der entsprechenden Endseite (23c) der mikroporösen Masse (23) fließt.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das externe Rohr (21) an seinen zwei Enden geschlossen ist, und dass von seinen zwei Enden das eine mit dem Kondensator (28) und das andere mit dem Verdampfer (22) und der mikroporösen Masse (23), die in diesem Ende des externen Rohrs (21) aufgenommen ist, in Wärmeaustausch-Beziehung steht, wobei die flüssige Phase des Fluids über das dem Kondensator (28) zugewandte Ende (23c) der mikroporösen Masse (23) gepumpt wird und in einer externen Leitung (34) fließt, welche zwischen dem externen Rohr (21) und einem internen Rohr (31) abgegrenzt ist, welches sich in dem externen Rohr (21) erstreckt, und wobei die Dampfphase von dem auf Höhe der mikroporösen Masse (23) des Verdampfers (22) erhitzten Fluid in einer zentralen longitudinalen Leitung (25) gesammelt wird, die in der mikroporösen Masse (23) vorgesehen ist, und durch die interne Leitung (35), die in dem internen Rohr (31) abgegrenzt ist, abgeleitet wird, wobei das interne Rohr mit einem Ende (32) an einem Ende von der zentralen Leitung (25) angeschlossen ist, während die Gasphase an dem anderen Ende (33) von dem internen Rohr (31) auf Höhe des Kondensators (28) abgeleitet wird.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das andere Ende (33) von dem wenigstens einen internen Rohr (31), welches sich auf Höhe des Kondensators (28) befindet, in eine ringförmige mikroporöse Masse (38) eingesetzt ist, welche einen Raum ausfüllt, der in dem Kondensator zwischen dem anderen Ende (33) des internen Rohrs (31) und dem externen Rohr (21) abgegrenzt ist.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Flüssigkeit, die auf Höhe des Kondensators (28) kondensiert, abgelassen wird, bis zu der ringförmigen mikroporösen Masse (38) bevorzugt entlang der Wand des externen Rohrs (21) beispielsweise durch eine Kapillarleitung oder eine mikroporöse Masse (39), die entlang der Wand von dem externen Rohr (21) auf Höhe des Kondensators (28) angeordnet ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sowohl der Verdampfer (22) als auch der Kondensator (28) wenigstens eine externe Manschette (24, 29) aus einem gut wärmeleitenden Material umfasst, wobei die wenigstens eine Manschette (24) des Verdampfers (22) wenigstens teilweise einen Teil des externen Rohrs (21) umgibt, welches die mikroporöse Masse (23) aufnimmt, und wobei die wenigstens eine Manschette (29) des Kondensators (28) einen Teil des externen Rohrs (21) umgibt, in welchem wenigstens eine interne Leitung (35) das Fluid in der Dampfphase zu der wenigstens einen externen Leitung (34) freisetzt.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eine der externen Manschetten (24, 29) von dem Verdampfer (22) und dem Kondensator (28) wenigstens einen Belag (26) aus einem gut wärmeleitfähigen Material umfasst, durch welchen die Manschette (24, 29) dazu bestimmt ist, in Wärmeaustausch-Beziehung mit einer Wärmequelle (27) bzw. Kältequelle (30) gesetzt zu werden.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine interne Rohr (31) Wände aufweist, die aus wenigstens einem wärmeisolierenden Material gebildet sind, vorzugsweise aus einem synthetischen Material, beispielsweise Kunststoff.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine interne Rohr (31) zum Ableiten des Dampfs in das Innere von der mikroporösen Masse (23) eindringt.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine interne Rohr (31) in seiner externen Wand wenigstens eine Kapillarleitung (42) umfasst, die beispielsweise durch wenigstens eine im Wesentlichen longitudinale Rille definiert ist, wenigstens auf Höhe des Teils (32) des internen Rohrs (31), der in die mikroporöse Masse (23) eindringt, um die flüssige Phase durch Kapillareffekt tief in das Innere der mikroporösen Masse (23) einzubringen.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine interne Rohr (31), in dessen Außenwand Kapillarleitungen (42) umfasst, die beispielsweise durch im Wesentlichen longitudinale Rillen definiert sind, wobei die Kapillarleitungen sich bevorzugt über die gesamte Länge von dem Rohr (31) verlängern.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass außerhalb der mikroporösen Masse (23) die Außenwand von dem wenigstens einen internen Rohr (31) in Kontakt mit der Innenwand von dem externen Rohr (21) steht, außer auf Höhe von wenigstens einer Kapillarleitung, welche beispielsweise durch wenigstens eine im Wesentlichen longitudinale Rille (42') definiert ist, die in die Außenoberfläche von dem internen Rohr (31) eingegraben ist, und die wenigstens eine externe Leitung (34') definiert, welche die flüssige Phase von dem Fluid zuführt.
  13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mikroporöse Masse (23) eine im Wesentlichen zylindrische äußere Form aufweist, wie auch der Teil des externen Rohrs (21), der diese ohne radiales Spiel aufnimmt.
  14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verdampfer (22) einen Bereich (26) aufweist, der dazu bestimmt ist, in Wärmeaustausch-Kontakt mit der Wärmequelle (27) zu stehen, und bei dem eine Abmessung längs der Achse des externen Rohrs (21) deutlich kleiner ist als die Länge der mikroporösen Masse (23), vorzugsweise in der Größenordnung von wenigstens der Hälfte der Länge der Masse (23).
  15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mikroporöse Masse (23) eine Länge aufweist, die ungefähr 2 bis 15 mal größer ist als deren Durchmesser.
  16. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das externe Rohr (21) in Wärmeaustausch-Kontakt mit der mikroporösen Masse (23) über die gesamte äußere Oberfläche von der Masse (23) steht, mit Ausnahme von einer oder ihren zwei Längsendflächen (23c).
  17. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das externe Rohr (21) einen Querschnitt mit konstantem Durchmesser aufweist.
  18. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das externe Rohr (21) aus einem gut wärmeleitenden Material hergestellt ist, wobei wenigstens ein Teil in Wärmeaustausch-Beziehung mit der mikroporösen Masse (23) steht, und wobei ein anderer Teil in Wärmeaustausch-Beziehung mit dem Kondensator (28) steht oder den letzteren bildet.
  19. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das externe Rohr (21) metallisch ist, bevorzugt aus rostfreiem Stahl.
  20. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das externe Rohr (21) und das wenigstens eine interne Rohr (31) zylindrisch sind, mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt, wobei der Durchmesser von dem wenigstens einen internen Rohr (31) im Wesentlichen die Hälfte von dem Durchmesser des externen Rohrs (21) beträgt.
  21. Verwendung einer passiven Wärmereglervorrichtung (20) mit wenigstens einer Wärmeübertragungs-Schleife nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20, zur Übertragung von thermischer Energie von einer Wärmequelle (27) in Wärmeaustausch-Beziehung mit dem Verdampfer (22), beispielsweise einem Bauteil oder einer Anordnung von elektronischen Bauteilen, zu einer Kältequelle (30) in Wärmeaustausch-beziehung mit dem Kondensator (28).
EP08826914A 2007-08-08 2008-07-11 Passive wärmereglervorrichtung mit flüssigkeitsmikrokreislauf und kapillarpumpung Not-in-force EP2181301B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0705769A FR2919922B1 (fr) 2007-08-08 2007-08-08 Dispositif passif de regulation thermique a micro boucle fluide a pompage capillaire
PCT/FR2008/051326 WO2009019380A1 (fr) 2007-08-08 2008-07-11 Dispositif passif de regulation thermique a micro boucle fluide a pompage capillaire

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EP2181301A1 EP2181301A1 (de) 2010-05-05
EP2181301B1 true EP2181301B1 (de) 2012-09-12

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US20100263836A1 (en) 2010-10-21
EP2181301A1 (de) 2010-05-05
WO2009019380A1 (fr) 2009-02-12
FR2919922B1 (fr) 2009-10-30
FR2919922A1 (fr) 2009-02-13

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