EP2177860B1 - Feuerwaffe - Google Patents

Feuerwaffe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2177860B1
EP2177860B1 EP09447050A EP09447050A EP2177860B1 EP 2177860 B1 EP2177860 B1 EP 2177860B1 EP 09447050 A EP09447050 A EP 09447050A EP 09447050 A EP09447050 A EP 09447050A EP 2177860 B1 EP2177860 B1 EP 2177860B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
catch
trigger
slide
firing
automatic
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Active
Application number
EP09447050A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2177860A1 (de
Inventor
Michael Dubois
Xavier Robert Paul Gavage
Pascal Franssen
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FN Herstal SA
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FN Herstal SA
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Publication of EP2177860A1 publication Critical patent/EP2177860A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A17/00—Safety arrangements, e.g. safeties
    • F41A17/16—Cook-off prevention, i.e. prevention of spontaneous firing of a cartridge by chamber wall heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/25—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins
    • F41A19/27—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block
    • F41A19/29—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block propelled by a spring under tension
    • F41A19/30—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block propelled by a spring under tension in bolt-action guns
    • F41A19/33—Arrangements for the selection of automatic or semi-automatic fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/42—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having at least one hammer
    • F41A19/43—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having at least one hammer in bolt-action guns
    • F41A19/46—Arrangements for the selection of automatic or semi-automatic fire

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an automatic firearm.
  • Closed-breech archery is generally used in rifles as it allows for a precise weapon, a high first shot probability, and good resistance to assault. the environment (sand and dust, mud).
  • This architecture has the major disadvantage of being able to shoot a limited number of cartridges in a given time (firing regime) because past this number of cartridges, the chamber and the barrel heat up considerably and, if the shot stop with a cartridge in the room, it heats up to the point of igniting spontaneously.
  • this set is released: it feeds into the chamber a cartridge that is struck at the front end of the mechanism.
  • Some weapons have been developed to overcome these defects. These are mainly the FG-42 automatic rifles and the Johnson Machine Gun which allowed a semi-automatic shot with a closed breech and an automatic shot with an open breech. These weapons provide only an incomplete answer to the problem because there is always the risk of auto-ignition in semi-automatic firing mode and these weapons remain less precise and exposed to environmental pollution as soon as they are used in automatic firing mode.
  • the patent US 3,618,455 describes a firearm that also allows a semi-automatic shot with closed breech, but that does not allow a semi-automatic shot with open breech.
  • the invention aims to avoid the aforementioned drawbacks and relates to an automatic weapon according to claim 1 which comprises in particular a firing mode selector for changing the automatic firing mode in semi-automatic firing mode.
  • the weapon is equipped with a firing mechanism provided with a selection command to operate the firearm in closed-breech shooting mode or in open-breech shooting mode, both in shooting mode automatic only in semi-automatic firing mode.
  • the semi-automatic or automatic firing mode is selected by a user-selectable fire selector.
  • Selecting the operating mode cylinder head closed or Open cylinder is preferably made by a thermal actuator connected to the barrel.
  • This actuator is activated by the heat released by the barrel and moves the closed breech mode mechanism to open breech mode before the barrel reaches the critical temperature from which there is a risk of self-ignition of the cartridge if it stays long enough in the room.
  • the patent US 3,618,455 aforementioned includes such an actuator sensitive to the temperature of the barrel.
  • This actuator comprises a cylinder filled with mercury and a piston actuated by the expansion of the mercury under the effect of heat released by the barrel during a continuous firing.
  • the disadvantage of this actuator is that it is too insensitive to the vicinity of the critical cook-off temperature.
  • the invention also relates to a firing mechanism according to claim 20.
  • the firearm 1 comprises a carcass 2; an ammunition magazine 3; a cannon 4 with; a trigger 5 and a user-selectable three-position firing selector 6 for choosing between an automatic firing mode (A mark) or semi-automatic firing, that is to say single shot (mark 1), or a security mode (S mark).
  • a mark automatic firing mode
  • S mark security mode
  • the firearm 1 also comprises a slide 7 slidable in the carcass 2 in the extension of the barrel 4 between a retracted position and an advanced position in order to be able to load a cartridge of the charger 3 in the ammunition chamber located in the appendix 4 'of the barrel 4.
  • the slide 7 is provided with a recovery spring 8 which pushes the slide 7 in the direction of the barrel 4.
  • the slide 7 is provided with a latch 9 in order to be able to lock a cartridge in the ammunition chamber in the advanced position of the slide 7 and a striker 10 passing through the slide, one end protruding from the rear of the slide 7 A percussion mechanism is provided for actuating the striker 10.
  • the firing selector 6 and the trigger 5 are part of a firing mechanism 11 which is shown exploded in the figure 4 and which is connected by means of a transfer system 12 to a thermal actuator 13 which, as shown in FIGS. figures 5 and 6 , is mechanically connected by a connecting ring 14 to the barrel 4 and allows the passage of the operation of the "closed cylinder head” mode to the "open cylinder head” mode when the temperature of the barrel 4 reaches or exceeds a predetermined temperature and conversely controls the transition of the open breech shooting when the barrel temperature falls below a predetermined temperature.
  • the thermal actuator 13 is a phase change actuator which, as shown in FIG. figure 7 , comprises a cylinder 15 and a piston 16 which defines a chamber 17 inside the cylinder 15, the chamber 17 being filled with a substance which changes phase at the aforementioned predetermined temperature, this phase change being accompanied by a large volume variation of the order of 10% to 20% and which, for example, passes from the solid state to the liquid state and by expansion due to the phase change generates a movement of the piston 16 in the direction of the arrow A in the figure 7 .
  • This position of the piston 16 is transferred to the firing mechanism 11 via the transfer system 12 which comprises a pusher 18, a lever 19 that can swing about an axis 20 and a pusher 21 connected to the firing mechanism 11 by a control rod 22.
  • a return spring 23 forces the piston 16 to enter the cylinder 15 of the thermal actuator 13 when the substance contained in the chamber 17 of the thermal actuator changes from the liquid state to the solid state, this passage of the liquid state in the solid state accompanied by a large volume contraction.
  • the firing mechanism 11 comprises a dog 24 which is part of the percussion mechanism and which can pivot about an axis 25 of the carcass 2 to strike the striker 10 under the effect of a spring 26 which is armed by the movement retreating slide 7 and released when the trigger 5 is pressed, pivots about a pivot 27 and drives the dog trigger 28.
  • the firing mechanism 11 is shown in more detail in the figures 8 and 9 which show the situation at rest with the fire selector 6 in the semi-automatic mode position.
  • the trigger 5 comprises a dog trigger 28 supported by the pivot 27 to hold the dog 24 in the armed position until the trigger 5 is actuated and to release the dog 24 when the trigger is pressed.
  • the dog 24 is provided with a shoulder 29 which can cooperate with the front face 30 of the dog trigger 28 which is provided with a return spring 31 which maintains this front face 30 opposite the shoulder 29.
  • the trigger 5 is also provided with a blow-by-blow trigger 32 for locking the dog 31 in the armed position as the trigger 5 is not released after a shot.
  • This trigger 32 by stroke is supported by the pivot 27 of the trigger and is held in the raised position by a return spring 33.
  • the trigger 32 is provided with a hooking tail 34 which can cooperate with a hanging tail Corresponding to the dog 24.
  • the fire mode selector 6 makes it possible to choose the automatic or semi-automatic mode and is designed to activate the shot-by-shot trigger 32 in the semi-automatic firing mode and to deactivate this trigger 32 in the automatic firing mode.
  • the axis of the selector 6 is profiled such that in the automatic mode the rotational movement of the trigger 32 is blocked by the firing selector 6, which prevents the hooking of the attachment tail 35 the dog 32 by the shank 34 of the trigger 32, while in the semi-automatic mode, the trigger shot 32 is not locked in rotation and can pivot when the trigger is pressed to allow to hook the dog 24 in an armed position via the hooking tail 35 of the dog 24 and the catching tail 34 of the trigger 32.
  • the firing mechanism 11 also comprises a slide gate 36 and a selection command 37 which is controlled by the thermal actuator 13 via the rod of FIG. control 22 and which, depending on the position of this control 37, makes it possible to lock the slide gate 36 in an unobstructed position of the slideway 7 for a shot with a closed bolt or makes it possible to release the slide trigger 36 for an open breech shotgun to allow this slide trigger 36 to stop and block the movement of the slide 7 in a retracted position as shown in FIG. figure 8 .
  • the slider trigger 36 is in the form of an L-shaped piece and is mounted with a free end in a pivoting manner about an axis 38 fixed in the carcass 2.
  • a return spring 39 acting on the control lever 44 holds the slide trigger 36 in the up position so that the slide trigger can engage with its upper face in a notch 40 made on the rear part of the slide. 7.
  • the selection control 37 is made in the form of a lever pivoting about an axis 41 fixed in the carcass 2.
  • this lever 37 can lock the slide trigger 36 in an open position of the slide 7 by relying on a protrusion 42 of the trigger 36 as indicated in FIG. figure 18 , while in the corresponding position to the open-breech shooting mode as indicated in figure 8 the lever 37 can not prevent the movement of the slide trigger 36.
  • a synchronization mechanism 43 is provided between the dog 24 and the slide gate 36 and in the example shown, between the jogger trigger 32 and the slide gate 36.
  • This synchronization mechanism (43) comprises a control lever 44 pivotable about the axis 41 and is provided with the trigger spring 39.
  • One end of the control lever 44 is connected with one end of the slide gate 36 by a hinge 45.
  • control lever 44 is provided with an axis of rotation 46 supporting two pawls, that is to say a semi-automatic mode ratchet 47 and an automatic mode ratchet 48.
  • a pawl spring 49 rotates the semiautomatic pawl 47 in the direction of the detent and maintains the automatic pawl 48 with the upper end in contact with the firing selector 6 which is shaped such that in the half position automatically, the lower end of the pawl 48 is disengaged from the trigger 5 as shown in FIG. figure 10 , while in the automatic position, this lower end rests on a rear end of the trigger 5 as indicated in the figure 16 .
  • the semi-automatic mode ratchet 47 is provided with a projection 50 which, when the pawl 47 is based on the trigger 5, is located in the path of rotation of the trigger shot by stroke 32 when it is actuated downwards by the movement of the dog 24 under the impulse a slide ratchet 51 which, during the retreating movement of the slide 7, causes the dog 24 to descend sufficiently far to disengage the semi-automatic ratchet 47 of the trigger 5 by means of the blow-by-blow trigger 32 .
  • the synchronization mechanism 43 includes a dog trigger locking lever 52 which is rotatably mounted on the shaft 38 and is provided with a hook 53.
  • a return spring 54 exerts a force on the locking lever 52 in the direction of the dog trigger 28 and maintains the locking lever 52 in contact with the firing selector 6 via a finger 55.
  • the locking lever 52 is under the control of the firing selector 6 which, in the semi-automatic firing mode position, locks the locking lever 52 in the open position of the dog trigger 28, and in the position of automatic firing mode, releases the locked position of the lock lever 52 to allow to hang the rear end of the dog trigger 28 under the effect of the spring 54 when the trigger 5 is pressed.
  • the open breech / closed breech selection control 37 is provided with a radial tooth 56 engageable behind a tooth 57 of the locking lever 52 in order to release the locking lever 52 of the dog trigger 28.
  • a tilting closure trigger 58 makes it possible to block the dog 24 in an armed position by action on a stop 59 of the dog 24 under the effect of a spring 60.
  • This closing trigger 58 is held in the blocking position of the dog 24 until the slide has reached the end of the closing movement of the slide 7 and is released by contact with a limit stop. 61 at the rear part of the slide 7.
  • the operation and use of the weapon vary according to the selection of the automatic or semi-automatic firing mode and according to the position of the selection control firing mode open cylinder head or cylinder head closed, controlled by the thermal actuator 13 in function the temperature of the barrel 4.
  • This mode of fire is characterized by a position of the firing selector 6 on the position shot by blow and a position of the control rod 22 towards the front of the weapon.
  • the position of the control rod 22 is defined by the output movement of the piston 16 when the thermal actuator 13 is at a temperature above the phase change temperature.
  • the locking lever 52 has a position defined by the spring 54 and the action of the fire selector 6 on the end 55 which prevents him from blocking the dog trigger 28.
  • the semi-automatic mode ratchet 47 is supported on the trigger 5 under the effect of the spring 49 and the automatic mode ratchet 48 is disengaged from the trigger 5 under the effect of the spring 49 and the clearance present in the selector. shot 6.
  • the slide 7 is held in the rear position by the trigger slide 36 and the dog 24 is held in the armed position by the slide 7.
  • the semi-automatic mode ratchet 47 is lifted by the rear of the trigger 5.
  • This pawl 47 tilts the control lever 44 about the axis 41 and this tilting lowers the slide trigger 36 as indicated by arrow D, which has the effect of releasing the slide 7 which starts a movement forward (arrow E) under the action of the recovery spring 8.
  • the slide 7 rotates the latch 9 in the barrel 4 annex 4 ', then in the last phase of the movement E rotates the closing trigger 58 by its contact with the stop 61 at the back of the slide 7 as shown in the figure 12 , which releases the dog 24 and allows the percussion of the cartridge present in the chamber by the tilting of the dog 24 in the direction of the arrow F under the effect of the spring 26.
  • the slide 7 Under the effect of the borrowing of gas at the hoop, the slide 7 receives a pulse which generates the recoil movement of this slide 7, which causes the dog 24 to pivot about the axis 25 in the opposite direction arrow F.
  • this pawl 47 disengages from the trigger 5, which has the effect of releasing the control lever 44 which pivots about its axis under the effect of the trigger spring 39 and allows the slide trigger 36 to go up in the direction of the arrow D '.
  • the dog 24 then remains kept in the down position by the blow-by-blow trigger 32 whose hooking tail 34 hooks behind the hooking tail 35 of the dog 24, as illustrated by FIG. figure 14 , until the shooter releases the pressure on the trigger 5.
  • the trigger shot by blow 32 is disengaged from the dog 24 and the dog 24 is held in the armed position by its contact with the slide 7.
  • This mode of fire is characterized by a position of the firing selector 6 on the automatic position and a position of the control rod 22 towards the front of the weapon.
  • the position of the control rod 22 is defined by the output movement A of the piston 16 when the thermal actuator 13 is at a temperature above the phase change temperature.
  • the control rod 22 drives the locking lever 37 in the movement B, which allows the raising D 'of the slide gate 36 and also releases the lever 52.
  • the locking lever 52 is no longer kept clear of the dog trigger 28 by the axis of the firing selector 6 which will allow the locking lever 52 to swing about its axis 38 under the effect of the spring 54, which makes that when the trigger 5 is pressed, the locking lever 52 will come to block the dog trigger 28 by the action of the hook 53.
  • the semi-automatic mode ratchet 47 is resting on the trigger 5 under the effect of the spring 49 and the automatic mode ratchet 48 is also supported on the trigger 5 by its support on the axis of the firing selector 6 .
  • the slide 7 is held in the rear position by the slide trigger 36, the dog 24 is held in the armed position by its contact on the slide 7.
  • the automatic mode ratchet 48 is lifted by the rear of the trigger 5 and tilts the control lever 44 about the axis 41 and this tilting lowers the slide trigger 36 in direction D, which has the effect of release the slide 7 which initiates a forward movement E under the action of the recovery spring 8.
  • the pressure C on the trigger 5 releases the face 30 of the trigger 28 of the face 29 of the dog 24, the dog 24 being in abutment against the slide 7, then coming with its shoulder 59 against the closing trigger 58 when the slide 7 will have advanced further.
  • the lever 52 comes to block the dog trigger 28 in the open position with its hook 53, which will allow the dog 24 to fall down, even if the trigger 5 is released.
  • the movement of the shot-by-shot trigger 32 can not take place during the pressure of the trigger 5 because of the stop of this trigger 32 on the firing selector 6 .
  • the latch 9 housed in the slide 7 then pulls a cartridge from the magazine 3 and places it in the chamber.
  • the slide 7 rotates the latch 9 in the barrel 4 annex 4 ', then in the last phase of the movement, rotates the closing trigger 58, which releases the dog and allows the percussion of the cartridge.
  • the slide 7 Under the effect of the gas borrowing at the hoop, the slide 7 receives a pulse which generates a movement towards the rear of this slide 7, which causes the dog 24 to pivot about the axis 25.
  • this pawl 51 rotates the dog 24 in the low position.
  • the control lever 44 can not pivot about its axis 41 and keeps the slide gate 36 in position retracted while the trigger 5 remains pressed.
  • This firing mode is characterized by a position of the firing selector 6 on the position "1" shot by shot and a position B 'of the control rod 22 toward the rear of the weapon 1.
  • the situation at rest is shown in the figures 18 and 19 .
  • the position B 'of the control rod 22 is defined by the pressure force of the spring 23 which retracts the piston 16 when the thermal actuator 13 is at a temperature below the phase change temperature.
  • This spring 23 moves the control rod 22 back by means of the pusher 21.
  • the control rod 22 in its rear position B ' releases the locking lever 37 which will rely on the protrusion 42 of this trigger 36 and block the trigger 36 by the action of the locking lever 37 on the protrusion 42 when this trigger 36 will pivot in the direction D, which prohibit the subsequent raising of the slide trigger 36 and at the same time releases the ratchets semi-automatic mode 47 and automatic mode 48 of the trigger 5.
  • the lever 52 is kept clear of the dog trigger 28 by the action of the lever 37 by engagement of the tooth 56 behind the tooth 57 of the lever 52 which for this reason can not block the dog trigger 28.
  • the slide 7 At rest, the slide 7 is in the forward position under the effect of the recovery spring 8, the dog 24 is held in the armed position by the dog trigger 28 by the contact of the shoulder 29 of the dog 24 with the front face 30 of the dog trigger 28.
  • the closing trigger 58 is at the same time kept clear of the dog stopper 59 by contact with the end stop of the slide 7.
  • the dog trigger 28 disengages and releases the dog 24, which allows the percussion F of the cartridge by the impact on the striker 10.
  • the trigger shot by blow 32 is also placed in the high position under the effect of the spring 33.
  • the slide 7 Under the effect of the gas borrowing at the hoop, the slide 7 receives a pulse which generates the movement E 'of the slide 7 towards the rear as shown in FIG. figure 21 , which causes the dog 24 to pivot about the axis 25 to arm the dog spring 26.
  • the dog 24 then remains kept in low position by the trigger shot by blow 32 until the shooter releases its pressure on the trigger 5.
  • the trigger shot by blow 32 is disengaged from the dog 24 and the dog 24 is held in the armed position by the support of the face 30 of the dog trigger 28 on the face 29 of the dog 24.
  • This firing mode is characterized by a position of the firing selector 6 on the automatic position and a position B 'of the control rod 22 towards the rear of the weapon 1.
  • the situation at rest is illustrated in FIG. figure 23 .
  • the position B 'of the control rod 22 is defined by the pressure force of the spring 23 which retracts the piston 16 when the thermal actuator 13 is at a temperature below the phase change temperature.
  • This spring 23 moves the control rod 22 back by means of the pusher 21.
  • the control rod 22, in its rear position B ' releases the locking lever 37 which rests against the slide gate 36 under the effect of the spring 39 and keeps the slide gate 36 in the low position.
  • This locking lever 37 will prohibit the raising of the slide gate 36, and, via the control lever 44, releases the pawls of semi-automatic mode 47 and automatic mode 48 of the trigger 5.
  • the locking lever 52 is kept free of the dog trigger 28 by the action of the lever 37 which engages with its tooth 56 behind the tooth 57 of the lever 52 and thus can not block the dog trigger 28.
  • the slide 7 is at rest in the forward position under the effect of the recovery spring 8 and keeps the closing trigger 58 released from the dog stopper 59.
  • the dog 24 is held in the armed position by the dog trigger 28.
  • the dog trigger 28 disengages and releases the dog 24, which allows the percussion of the cartridge.
  • the shot-by-shot trigger 32 can not be placed in the up position because of its contact with the firing selector 6, which will prevent firing in semi-automatic mode.
  • the slide 7 Under the effect of the gas borrowing at the hoop, the slide 7 receives a pulse which generates the movement of the slide 7 towards the rear, which causes the dog 24 to pivot about the axis 25.
  • the weapon will therefore continue to fire until the shooter releases its pressure on the trigger 5 and that thereby the dog trigger 28 can return to the rest position and can hold the dog 24 in the armed position.
  • the invention relates to a weapon which comprises a percussion mechanism for actuating a firing pin 10 allowing semi-automatic and automatic firing; a slide 7; an open-breech trigger mechanism or slider trigger 36 for retaining the slider 7 in the rear position; an open bolt trigger activation mechanism 36 and a synchronization mechanism 43 between the mechanism of this trigger 36 and the percussion mechanism, the interaction between these mechanisms allowing the weapon to function reversibly in breech mode closed or open breech mode according to the position of the selection command 37.
  • thermal actuator by a type other than that described above or even to refrain from such an actuator by providing the system with a manual control leaving the choice to the shooter. switch from closed-breech shooting mode to open-breech shooting mode and vice versa.
  • An electronic and mechanical system measuring the temperature of the chamber and Actuating the transition between open cylinder head mode or cylinder head closed when this temperature reaches a defined value is also possible for example.
  • the percussion mechanism for actuating the striker 10 need not include a dog but can be achieved by a striker only armed by a spring and released by a trigger. The synchronization mechanism will then be provided between the percussion mechanism and the slide trigger.

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Claims (20)

  1. Feuerwaffe, bestehend aus: einem Gehäuse (2); einem Munitionslager (3); einem Lauf (4) mit einer Munitionskammer; einem Schieber (7), der innerhalb der Verlängerung des Laufs (4) zwischen einer zurückgezogenen und einer vorgeschobenen Position gleiten kann, sodass eine Patrone in der Munitionskammer in vorgeschobener Position des Schiebers (7) geladen und verriegelt werden kann; einem Schieber (7), der mit einem Schlagbolzen (10) ausgestattet ist; einem Schlagmechanismus, der den Schlagbolzen (10) betätigen kann; einem Abzug (5) mit einem Abzugbügel (28) ausgestattet, der den Schlagmechanismus in gespannter Stellung hält, solange der Abzug (5) nicht betätigt wird, und der den Schlagmechanismus freigibt, wenn der Abzug (5) gedrückt wird; einem Abzugbügel für aufeinanderfolgende Schüsse (32), der ermöglicht, den Schlagmechanismus (10) in gespannter Stellung zu blockieren, solange der Abzug (5) nicht gelockert wird; einer Wählvorrichtung (6) für den Schussmodus (automatisch oder halb automatisch), um den Abzugbügel für aufeinanderfolgende Schüsse (32) in den halb automatischen Schussmodus zu versetzen sowie um den automatischen Schussmodus dieses Abzugbügels (32) zu deaktivieren, wobei die Feuerwaffe mit einem Abzugbügel am Schieber (36) sowie mit einer Wählvorrichtung (37) ausgestattet ist, die je nach ihrer Stellung ermöglicht, den Abzugbügel am Schieber (36) in einer freien Stellung des Schiebers (7) zu halten, sodass ein geschlossener Hinterladerschuss ausgelöst werden kann; alternativ ermöglicht die Wählvorrichtung entsprechend ihrer Stellung, den Abzugbügel am Schieber (36) zu lösen, um einen offenen Hinterladerschuss auszulösen, sodass der Abzugbügel am Schieber (36) die Bewegung des Schiebers (7) in einer zurückgesetzten Stellung hält und blockiert, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Feuerwaffe mit einem Synchronisierungsmechanismus (43) ausgestattet ist, der zwischen dem Abzugbügel des Schiebers (36) und dem Schlagmechanismus vorgesehen ist, wobei diese Synchronisierung der Waffe ermöglicht, je nach Stellung der Wählvorrichtung (37) in umkehrbarer Reihenfolge, d. h. im geschlossenen oder offenen Hinterladermodus zu funktionieren. Dies funktioniert ebenso gut mit der Wählvorrichtung des Schussmodus (6) in automatischer und halb automatischer Stellung.
  2. Feuerwaffe laut Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wählvorrichtung (37) über einen thermischen Aktuator (13) betätigt wird, der den Übergang von geschlossenen zum offenen Hinterladerschuss steuert, wenn die Temperatur des Laufs (4) eine voreingestellte Temperatur überschreitet, und im umgekehrten Fall den Übergang vom offenen zum geschlossenen Hinterladerschuss regelt, wenn die Temperatur des Laufs (4) die voreingestellte Temperatur unterschreitet.
  3. Feuerwaffe laut Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich beim thermischen Aktuator (13) um einen Aktuator mit Phasenwechsel handelt, der auf dem Lauf (4) angebracht und mit einer Substanz gefüllt ist, die bei Erreichen der o. g. voreingestellten Temperatur einen Phasenwechsel auslöst. Dieser Phasenwechsel wird von einer Volumenänderung begleitet und bezieht einen Kolben (16), der mithilfe einer Stange (12) mit der Wählvorrichtung (37) verbunden ist.
  4. Feuerwaffe laut einer beliebigen der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schlagmechanismus einen Hahn (24) umfasst, der sich um eine Achse (25) dreht, um den Schlagbolzen unter Einwirkung einer Feder (26) zu betätigen, die durch die Rückstoßbewegung des Schiebers (7) gespannt wird, und dass der Abzug einen Abzugbügel am Hahn (28) umfasst, der den Hahn (24) in gespannter Stellung hält, solange der Abzugbügel (5) nicht betätigt wird, und der den Hahn (24) freigibt, wenn der Abzugbügel (5) gedrückt wird, und dass zwischen dem Abzugbügel des Schiebers (36) und dem Hahn (24) ein Synchronisierungsmechanismus vorgesehen ist.
  5. Feuerwaffe laut einer beliebigen der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Synchronisierungsmechanismus (43) eine halb automatische Klinke (47) umfasst, die durch einen Übertragungsmechanismus mit dem Abzugbügel des Schiebers (36) verbunden ist und die im Modus des offenen Hinterladerschusses auf ein Ende des Abzugs (5) drückt, sodass der Abzugbügel des Schiebers (36) durch Betätigen des Abzugs (5) ausgelöst wird und bei einem Schuss im halb automatischen Modus die Klinke für den halb automatischen Modus (47) mit dem Hahn (24) zusammenwirken kann, um die Klinke (47) des Abzugs (5) während des Rückstoßes des Schiebers (7) auslösen zu können und auf diese Weise den Abzugbügel des Schiebers (36) freigeben kann, um die Bewegung des Schiebers (7) mithilfe einer Feder für den Abzugbügel (39) in einer zurückgesetzten Stellung anhalten und blockieren zu können, auch wenn der Abzug (5) in betätigter Position verbleibt.
  6. Feuerwaffe laut Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Übertragungsmechanismus des Synchronisierungsmechanismus (43) einen Steuerhebel (44) umfasst, der sich um eine Achse (41) drehen kann, die im Gehäuse (2) befestigt ist und mit einer Feder für den o. g. Abzugbügel (39) ausgestattet ist, wobei ein Ende des Steuerhebels mit einem Gelenk mit einem Ende des Abzugbügels des Schiebers (36) verbunden ist, der auf einem Drehzapfen (38) des Gehäuses (2) montiert ist, und wobei das andere Ende des Hebels (44) mit einer Rotationsachse (46) ausgerüstet ist, die die Klinke des halb automatischen Modus (47) stützt, die im offenen Hinterladerschussmodus unter Einwirkung der Feder des Abzugbügels (39) und einer Rückholfeder (49) der Klinke (47) auf den Abzug (5) drückt.
  7. Feuerwaffe nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Klinke für den halb automatischen Modus (47) mithilfe des Abzugbügels für aufeinanderfolgende Schüsse (32) mit dem Hahn (24) zusammenwirken kann.
  8. Feuerwaffe laut einer beliebigen der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Klinke des halb automatischen Modus (47) mit einem Vorbau (50) ausgestattet ist, der sich bei Druck der Klinke (47) auf den Abzug (5) auf der Rotationsachse des Abzugbügels für aufeinanderfolgende Schüsse (32) befindet und dass der Schieber (7) mit einer Klinke für den Schieber (51) ausgestattet ist, die bei der Rückstoßbewegung des Schiebers (7) den Hahn (24) ausreichend weit in Richtung des Abzugbügels für aufeinanderfolgende Schüsse (32) drehen lässt, um diesen Abzugbügel (32) zu betätigen, sodass die Klinke des halb automatischen Modus (47) des Abzugs (5) ausgelöst wird.
  9. Feuerwaffe laut einer beliebigen der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Synchronisierungsmechanismus (43) eine Klinke für den automatischen Modus (48) umfasst, die durch einen Übertragungsmechanismus mit dem Abzugbügel des Schiebers (36) verbunden ist, und die, im halb automatischen Schussmodus mithilfe einer Rückholfeder (49) vom Abzug (5) losgelöst gehalten wird und die im automatischen Schussmodus durch Einwirkung der Schusswählvorrichtung (6) in Stellung des automatischen Schussmodus als Auflager auf ein Ende des Abzugs (5) gesetzt wird, sodass der Abzugbügel des Schiebers (36) durch Einwirken auf den Abzug (5) ausgelöst wird.
  10. Feuerwaffe nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Übertragungsmechanismus gemeinsam ist für die Klinke des halb automatischen Modus (47) sowie für die Klinke des automatischen Modus (48) und dass diese beiden Klinken (47-48) von einer Rotationsachse (46) getragen werden, die auf einem Ende des Wählhebels (44) des Übertragungsmechanismus angebracht ist.
  11. Feuerwaffe nach einer beliebigen der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wählvorrichtung (37) in Form eines Blockierhebels (37) realisiert ist, der in der Stellung, die dem offenen Hinterladerschussmodus entspricht, den Abzugbügel des Schiebers (36) in einer vom Schieber (7) losgelösten Stellung blockiert und der in der Stellung, die dem geschlossenen Hinterladerschlussmodus entspricht, die Bewegung des Abzugbügels des Schiebers (36) nicht behindert.
  12. Feuerwaffe nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Blockierhebel (37) drehbar auf der Achse (41) der Wählvorrichtung (44) montiert ist.
  13. Feuerwaffe nach einer beliebigen der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Synchronisierungsmechanismus (43) einen Blockierhebel (52) des Abzugbügel des Hahns (28) umfasst, der mit einer Rückholfeder (54) ausgestattet ist, die eine Kraft in Richtung des Abzugbügels des Hahns (28) auf den Blockierhebel (52) ausübt, und der von der Schusswählvorrichtung (6) gesteuert wird, der in Stellung des halb automatischen Schussmodus den Blockierhebel (52) des Abzugbügels des Hahns (28) auslöst, um eine freie Bewegung dieses Abzugbügels (28) zu ermöglichen und der in Stellung des automatischen Schussmodus den Blockierhebel (52) freilässt, um ein Blockieren des Abzugbügels des Hahns (28) zu ermöglichen, sobald der Abzug (5) gedrückt wird.
  14. Feuerwaffe nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Blockierhebel (52) des Abzugbügels des Hahns (28) um die Achse (38) des Abzugbügels des Schiebers (36) drehen kann und mit einem Haken (53) ausgestattet ist, der sich hinter dem Abzugbügel des Hahns (28) einhaken kann.
  15. Feuerwaffe nach Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wählvorrichtung (37) für die Auswahl des offenen oder geschlossenen Hinterladerschussmodus so konzipiert ist, dass der Blockierhebel (52) des Abzugbügels des Hahns (28) in der geschlossenen Hinterladerstellung in einer vom Abzugbügel des Hahns (28) losgelösten Position blockiert wird, sodass sich der Abzugbügel des Hahns (28) frei bewegen kann.
  16. Feuerwaffe nach Anspruch 15, die sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass die Wählvorrichtung (37) mit einem Zahn (56) ausgestattet ist, der sich hinter einem Zahn (57) des Blockierhebels (52) einhaken kann.
  17. Feuerwaffe nach einer beliebigen der Ansprüche 13 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schusswählvorrichtung (6) so profiliert ist, dass:
    - in Stellung des halb automatischen Schussmodus:
    - die Klinke des automatischen Modus (48) vom Abzug (5) ausgelöst wird;
    - der Blockierhebel (52) des Abzugbügels des Hahns (28) vom Abzugbügel des Hahns (28) ausgelöst wird;
    - der Abzugshebel für aufeinanderfolgende Schüsse (32) nicht in seiner Rotation blockiert wird und den Hahn (24) in gespannter Stellung halten kann, solang der Abzug (5) gedrückt wird; und dass
    - in Stellung des automatischen Schussmodus:
    - die Klinke des automatischen Modus (48) als Stütze für den Abzug (5) dient;
    - der Blockierhebel (52) des Abzugbügels des Hahns (28) den Abzugbügel des Hahns (28) blockieren kann, wenn der Abzug (5) gedrückt wird;
    - der Abzugbügel für aufeinanderfolgende Schüsse (32) in seiner Rotation blockiert wird und den Hahn (24) nicht in gespannter Stellung halten kann.
  18. Feuerwaffe nach einer beliebigen der Ansprüche 13 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Wählvorrichtung (37) wie folgt gestaltet:
    - in Stellung des geschlossenen Hinterladerschussmodus:
    - der Abzugbügel des Schiebers (36) ist in einer vom Schieber (7) losgelösten Stellung blockiert;
    - der Blockierhebel (52) wird vom Abzugbügel des Hahns (28) losgelöst, sodass eine freie Bewegung des Abzugbügel des Hahns (28) ermöglicht wird;
    - in Stellung des offenen Hinterladerschussmodus:
    - die Wählvorrichtung (37) verhindert die Bewegung des Abzugbügels des Hahns (36) nicht;
    - die Wählvorrichtung (37) verhindert die Bewegung des Blockierhebels (52) nicht derart, dass der Abzugbügel des Hahns (28) blockiert wird, wenn der Abzug (5) gedrückt wird.
  19. Feuerwaffe nach einer beliebigen der vorgenannten Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mit einem schwenkbaren Schließbügel (58) sowie einer Rückholfeder (60) ausgestattet ist, die ein Blockieren des Hahns (24) in einer gespannten Stellung ermöglicht, so dass der Schieber (7) nicht bis zum Anschlag der Schließbewegung des Schiebers (7) reicht.
  20. Schussmechanismus, der bei einer Feuerwaffe (1) anwendbar ist und der ein Gehäuse (2) umfasst, der einen Schieber (7) mit einem Schlagbolzen (10) tragen kann; ein Schlagmechanismus zur Betätigung des Schlagbolzens (10); ein Abzug (5) die mit einem Abzugbügel (28) ausgestattet ist, der dazu dient, den Schlagmechanismus in gespannter Stellung zu halten, solange der Abzug (5) nicht betätigt wird, und um den Schlagmechanismus auszulösen, wenn der Abzug (5) gedrückt wird; ein Abzugbügel für aufeinanderfolgende Schüsse (32), der ermöglicht, den Schlagmechanismus (10) in gespannter Stellung zu blockieren, solange der Abzug (5) nicht losgelassen wird; eine Schusswählvorrichtung (6) für den automatischen oder halb automatischen Schussmodus, um den Abzugbügel für aufeinanderfolgende Schüsse (32) im halb automatischen Modus zu aktivieren und um diesen Abzugbügel (32) im automatischen Schussmodus zu deaktivieren und wobei die Feuerwaffe (1) mit einem Abzugbügel des Schiebers (36) und einer Wählvorrichtung (37) ausgestattet ist, die je nach Stellung dieser Wählvorrichtung (37) ermöglicht, den Abzugbügel des Schiebers (36) in einer losgelösten Stellung für einen geschlossenen Hinterladerschuss zu blockieren oder ermöglicht die Wählvorrichtung (37), den Abzugbügel des Schiebers (36) für einen offenen Hinterladerschuss freizugeben dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der genannte Schussmechanismus über einen Synchronisierungsmechanismus (43) verfügt, der sich zwischen dem Abzugbügel des Schiebers (36) und dem Schlagmechanismus befindet für eine Synchronisierung, die der Waffe ermöglicht, reversibel im geschlossenen oder offenen Hinterladermodus zu funktionieren, und zwar in Abhängigkeit der Stellung der Wählvorrichtung (37) oder der Schusswählvorrichtung (6) in automatischer (A) bzw. in halb automatischer (1) Stellung.
EP09447050A 2008-10-17 2009-10-13 Feuerwaffe Active EP2177860B1 (de)

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TW201024655A (en) 2010-07-01
BRPI0905594B1 (pt) 2019-12-24
EP2177860A1 (de) 2010-04-21
KR101362531B1 (ko) 2014-02-13
BE1018373A3 (fr) 2010-09-07
CA2683223A1 (en) 2010-04-17
ZA200907203B (en) 2010-07-28
JP5416541B2 (ja) 2014-02-12
IL201551A (en) 2013-11-28
TWI422794B (zh) 2014-01-11
SG161174A1 (en) 2010-05-27
ES2383728T3 (es) 2012-06-25
US8225705B2 (en) 2012-07-24
ATE549592T1 (de) 2012-03-15
CA2683223C (en) 2014-12-16
US20100095833A1 (en) 2010-04-22
IL201551A0 (en) 2010-06-16
AU2009227826B2 (en) 2014-09-04

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