EP2174119A1 - Verfahren zur bestimmung von diffusions- und/oder austauschkoeffizienten eines mischleitenden werkstoffs - Google Patents
Verfahren zur bestimmung von diffusions- und/oder austauschkoeffizienten eines mischleitenden werkstoffsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2174119A1 EP2174119A1 EP08801119A EP08801119A EP2174119A1 EP 2174119 A1 EP2174119 A1 EP 2174119A1 EP 08801119 A EP08801119 A EP 08801119A EP 08801119 A EP08801119 A EP 08801119A EP 2174119 A1 EP2174119 A1 EP 2174119A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- change
- sample
- gas
- partial pressure
- diffusion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/041—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of a solid body
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N2013/003—Diffusion; diffusivity between liquids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/403—Cells and electrode assemblies
- G01N27/406—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes
- G01N27/407—Cells and probes with solid electrolytes for investigating or analysing gases
- G01N27/4073—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte
- G01N27/4074—Composition or fabrication of the solid electrolyte for detection of gases other than oxygen
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
- G01N7/10—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing diffusion of components through a porous wall and measuring a pressure or volume difference
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining diffusion and / or exchange coefficients of a material having electronic and ionic conductivity.
- the material is permeable to at least one gas.
- Permeation membranes in particular oxygen permeation membranes, represent a cost-effective alternative for the production of a gas, for example the extraction of oxygen from the air.
- Materials used for the production of such membranes are materials having electronic and in particular high ionic conductivity (mixed conductors).
- ionic conductivity determined by the chemical diffusion coefficient for the respective Gas
- surface exchange determined by the chemical surface exchange coefficient
- the samples are heated to operating temperature and subjected to the gas containing O 18 isotopes in a special chamber. Due to the exchange of oxygen on the sample surface and due to the self-diffusion of the O 18 species in the lattice (caused by the concentration gradient of the O 18 oxygen species), a concentration profile of O 18 ions is formed in the sample. This profile is then measured by the method of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).
- SIMS secondary ion mass spectrometry
- the IEDP method involves high investment costs (approx. 1.5 million euros), high experimental effort and long analysis times. For these reasons, this method is not suitable for rapid screening of different compositions of materials.
- the procedure is such that a sample of the material is arranged in a measuring chamber.
- the sample is connected to an electrical voltage source and is traversed by electric current.
- the respective electrical resistance of the sample is determined.
- both electrical DC and AC (impedance spectroscopy) can be used for determining the electrical resistance of the sample.
- a gas mixture flows through the measuring chamber containing the sample.
- the gas mixture contains the respective gas.
- the partial pressure of the respective gas is periodically changed periodically, thereby measuring the change in the electrical resistance of the sample. From the determined change in the electrical resistance, the diffusion and / or exchange coefficient of the material can then be determined.
- the change of the gas partial pressure can be carried out with a constant amplitude about an average, with a given frequency. These two parameters can be optimized for a particular material and / or a respective gas. They should be kept constant during a determination.
- the change of the partial pressure should be sinusoidal. In this case, a period length of at least 0.5 s, preferably of at least 5 s, more preferably of at least 10 s should be achievable.
- the amplitude at which the change in the partial pressure is carried out should be at least 15 ppm.
- the change in the partial pressure should be carried out with several predetermined frequencies, preferably at least five frequencies.
- a gas mixture containing at least one component which is selected from the gases oxygen, hydrogen, water vapor, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and argon.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the determination of diffusion and / or exchange coefficients for oxygen or hydrogen as Niche gas contained in a gas mixture suitable.
- a gas mixture formed with oxygen and nitrogen can be advantageously used.
- hydrogen a gas mixture formed with hydrogen, water vapor and / or nitrogen may be favorable.
- the sample in the measuring chamber should be heated to a temperature of at least 500 ° C. But it can also be a heating to temperatures above 800 0 C take place.
- the change in the gas content in the gas phase due to the gas delivery / uptake of the respective gas by the sample may be simultaneously determined from the gas chamber at the gas outlet to determine the change in gas content in the sample.
- the dependence of the amplitude of the electrical voltage changes on the frequency of the partial pressure fluctuations is recorded.
- the maximum change in the electrical conductivity can be determined particularly advantageously in the case of a very long period of the partial pressure change of the respective gas in the gas mixture flowing through the measuring chamber or by a stepwise change of the partial pressure.
- ⁇ c is the gas concentration change as a function of time and spatial coordinates in the sample, D - chemical diffusion coefficient for each gas, and ⁇ - exchange coefficient of the sample with the gas atmosphere.
- the change in the partial pressure in the gas mixture leads to changes in the electrical conductivity of the material to be investigated.
- the change in electrical conductivity which in turn is caused by the change in the charge carrier concentration in the material, can be calculated from the change in this concentration. If this changes only slightly, the change in the electrical conductivity is proportional to the change in the charge carrier concentration due to the partial pressure change of the respective gas in the gas mixture.
- the maximum change in the electrical conductivity results when the gas exchange of the sample takes place in such a way that it is in equilibrium with the composition of the gas mixture with an altered instantaneous partial pressure. As illustrated with Figure 1, the maximum change in electrical conductivity with
- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a sample
- Figure 2 is a block diagram of an arrangement for carrying out the method
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of parts of an arrangement for carrying out the method
- FIG. 4 is a diagram with periodically changed oxygen partial pressure as a gas for the diffusion and / or exchange coefficient of a material to be determined;
- Figure 5 is a graph showing the achieved amplitudes of the oxygen partial pressure as a function of the frequency of Partialdruck selectedung at an average of 750 ppm of oxygen in a gas mixture with nitrogen and an amplitude to be reached of 1450 or 0 ppm at a temperature of 950 0 C;
- FIG. 6 shows a diagram of the courses of change in the electrical resistance of a sample as a function of the periodically changing partial pressure in the gas mixture
- FIG. 7 shows a diagram of the dependence of the amplitude of the change in the electrical resistance of a sample and the determination of exchange and diffusion coefficients of a material, which were determined analytically and by means of FEM (finite element method) calculation.
- FIG. 1 shows a geometric shape of a sample 4 is to be clarified.
- This sample 4 has a sample thickness 2a, a sample width 2b and a length 1.
- a suitable arrangement for changing the partial pressure of a respective gas, eg the oxygen partial pressure is shown schematically in Figure 2.
- Nitrogen is passed at a specific oxygen partial pressure of 1000 ppm through the solid electrolyte cell 1, which has an oxygen metering pump 6 (FIG. 3) and potentiometric oxygen measuring cell 7 (FIG. 3). Due to the periodic change of the electric current at the oxygen metering pump 6 of the solid electrolyte cell 1, a periodic change in the oxygen partial pressure in the gas mixture flowing through the cell, which is formed with oxygen and nitrogen, is achieved in the arrangement.
- the periodic change in the oxygen content is also a solid electrolyte cell is measured with the oxygen measuring cell 2.
- the sample 4 is heated with lateral dimensions 15 x 4.5 x 1.5 mm to a temperature of 950 0 C in nitrogen with 1000 ppm O 2 and with this
- Measuring chamber 3 with sample 4 can be arranged in an oven 8 in order to achieve the desired temperature in the investigations can.
- the gas stream of the gas mixture can be guided through a housing, which can also be part of the measuring chamber 3. This can be made of quartz.
- the measuring cell 1 can be equipped with platinum electrodes. As indicated in Figure 3.
- the change in electrical resistance at the oxygen partial pressures between 1000 and 500 ppm corresponds to the maximum possible change in the electrical resistance at an oxygen partial pressure change of 1000 to 500 or from 1000 to 1500 ppm (S TM * ). Thereafter, sample 4 is again equilibrated with the gas atmosphere of 1000 ppm oxygen.
- the oxygen partial pressure is changed periodically with the solid electrolyte cell 1 with a sine function and an amplitude of 500 ppm between 500 ppm and 1500 ppm.
- This change causes a periodic change in the electrical resistance of the sample 4.
- the period of the electrical resistance change corresponds to the period of the oxygen partial pressure change produced, as illustrated in FIG.
- the course of the change tion of the electrical resistance is about a mean value of 0.54 ⁇ with an amplitude of about 0.15 ⁇ ).
- the amplitude of the electrical resistance change depends on the period of the oxygen partial pressure change).
- FIG. 7 shows results of the adaptation with the analytical formula and by means of FEM simulation as well as calculated values for the diffusion coefficient D and the surface exchange coefficient k for
- 25 O 4 gives a value for ß of 5xlO ⁇ 6 cm / s at 800 0 C, which, taking into account the activation energy for ß from this work, calculates a value of 8xlO ⁇ 5 cm / s for 950 ° C leaves) .
- the accuracy of the parameter determination from the fit is about 10%, which is much better than the accuracy of the relaxation method or IEDP.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007037203A DE102007037203B4 (de) | 2007-07-30 | 2007-07-30 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Diffusions- und/oder Austauschkoeffizienten eines Werkstoffs |
| PCT/DE2008/001283 WO2009015662A1 (de) | 2007-07-30 | 2008-07-28 | Verfahren zur bestimmung von diffusions- und/oder austauschkoeffizienten eines mischleitenden werkstoffs |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2174119A1 true EP2174119A1 (de) | 2010-04-14 |
Family
ID=40001401
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08801119A Withdrawn EP2174119A1 (de) | 2007-07-30 | 2008-07-28 | Verfahren zur bestimmung von diffusions- und/oder austauschkoeffizienten eines mischleitenden werkstoffs |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8368411B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2174119A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007037203B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009015662A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2702135C1 (ru) * | 2018-11-23 | 2019-10-04 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Красноярский государственный педагогический университет им. В.П. Астафьева" (КГПУ им. В.П. Астафьева) | Дифференциальный способ определения коэффициента диффузии молекул воды в газах |
| CN111999218B (zh) * | 2020-09-24 | 2024-11-12 | 南京工业大学 | 零长柱法测定多孔材料晶内扩散系数的装置及方法 |
| CN114113230A (zh) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-03-01 | 合肥工业大学 | 一种应用电导弛豫测量材料质子表面交换速率的方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD132687A1 (de) * | 1977-01-12 | 1978-10-18 | Kurt Wedel | Verfahren zur untersuchung des diffusionsmechanismus nichtmetallischer stoffe |
| JPS58124943A (ja) * | 1982-01-21 | 1983-07-25 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | マイクロヒ−タ付き限界電流式酸素センサとそれを用いた限界電流式酸素濃度検出装置 |
| JPS5991350A (ja) * | 1982-11-17 | 1984-05-26 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | 薄膜酸素センサ |
| US4953387A (en) * | 1989-07-31 | 1990-09-04 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Ultrathin-film gas detector |
| DK146692D0 (da) * | 1992-12-07 | 1992-12-07 | Petr Viscor | Fremgangsmaade og apparat til bestemmelse af karakteristiske elektriske materialeparametre for halvledende materialer |
| US6691554B2 (en) * | 2001-04-11 | 2004-02-17 | The University Of Chicago | Nanocrystalline films for gas-reactive applications |
| US7229593B1 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2007-06-12 | Sandia Corporation | Portable vapor diffusion coefficient meter |
| US7003405B1 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2006-02-21 | Sandia Corporation | Methods for characterizing subsurface volatile contaminants using in-situ sensors |
| GB0221393D0 (en) | 2002-09-14 | 2002-10-23 | Univ Cambridge Tech | Hydrogen sensing apparatus and method |
| WO2007011401A2 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2007-01-25 | Trustees Of Boston University | Composite mixed oxide ionic and electronic conductors for hydrogen separation |
-
2007
- 2007-07-30 DE DE102007037203A patent/DE102007037203B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-07-28 WO PCT/DE2008/001283 patent/WO2009015662A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-07-28 US US12/452,994 patent/US8368411B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-07-28 EP EP08801119A patent/EP2174119A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009015662A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009015662A1 (de) | 2009-02-05 |
| DE102007037203B4 (de) | 2009-06-10 |
| US20100207646A1 (en) | 2010-08-19 |
| DE102007037203A1 (de) | 2009-02-05 |
| US8368411B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 |
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