EP2169305A1 - Pulsierender Verbrennungskessel - Google Patents

Pulsierender Verbrennungskessel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2169305A1
EP2169305A1 EP09305891A EP09305891A EP2169305A1 EP 2169305 A1 EP2169305 A1 EP 2169305A1 EP 09305891 A EP09305891 A EP 09305891A EP 09305891 A EP09305891 A EP 09305891A EP 2169305 A1 EP2169305 A1 EP 2169305A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
chamber
boiler
ignition
notches
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09305891A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2169305B1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Claude Drevet
Marc Laspeyres
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Muller et Cie SA
Original Assignee
Muller et Cie SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Muller et Cie SA filed Critical Muller et Cie SA
Priority to SI200931523A priority Critical patent/SI2169305T1/sl
Publication of EP2169305A1 publication Critical patent/EP2169305A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2169305B1 publication Critical patent/EP2169305B1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C15/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in pulses influenced by acoustic resonance in a gas mass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2214/00—Cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/00018—Means for protecting parts of the burner, e.g. ceramic lining outside of the flame tube

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a pulsating boiler, for example for heating heating water. More specifically, the invention relates to the combustion chamber of the heating body.
  • a pulsating boiler comprises a heating body which is in the form of a cylinder defining an enclosure. This chamber has at its summit a premix chamber whose bottom is connected to a valve valve. The valve is, in part, inserted above a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is connected to a heat exchanger which finally opens on an expansion chamber located at the bottom of the cylinder forming the enclosure.
  • part of the flap valve, the outer metal wall of the combustion chamber and the exchanger are immersed in the water of the heating circuit to be heated.
  • the heating body is connected to an intake pot, outside the chamber, from its pre-mixing chamber.
  • the valve valve allows, intermittently and in a controlled manner, the introduction into the ignition chamber of a gaseous mixture oxidizer / fuel. This mixing is done in a premix chamber receiving both oxidant and fuel, for example air and a hydrocarbon gas; then this mixture is admitted by the valve valve in the intake duct, to finally end up in the combustion chamber of the boiler to ignite.
  • the valve gate comprises essentially four parts: a body, a valve stop, a set of ignition means and a valve.
  • the upper portion of the valve stop communicates through openings with the gas pre-mixing chamber.
  • the gas mixture is introduced into the intake duct, both by pressure of the gaseous mixture of the premix chamber on the top of the valve and by suction from below the valve. This suction phenomenon is produced following the expansion of the combustion gases in the combustion chamber, causing the ejection of the flue gases into the expansion chamber. This creates a depression upstream in the intake duct of same as in the pre-mixing chamber, via the flapper valve.
  • the body of the valve receives the valve stop, the assembly is mounted directly on the top of the combustion chamber.
  • the ignition means are fixed on both sides of the valve body assembly and stopper and include in particular a spark plug, inserted in a cylindrical part. At startup, this candle ignites the gases inside the combustion chamber.
  • the cylindrical piece in which the candle is inserted is called a flame positioner. This cylindrical piece flares flange at its lower end, located in the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber comprises in particular an ignition chamber. It also includes an expansion chamber in the extension of the ignition chamber.
  • the combustion chamber is delimited by a metal wall.
  • This wall may have the general appearance of a bell, at the top of which is fixed the valve. More precisely, the wall may have the shape of an inverted tulip. An upper part of this wall has a substantially parabolic section along a plane passing through an axis of revolution of said wall. A bottom portion of said wall has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the ignition chamber is delimited by a second metal wall, coaxial with the first and having a similar shape of inverted bell or tulip.
  • the two walls are separated by a small space.
  • the first ignition of the gaseous mixture for about one to two seconds, are therefore ensured thanks to the spark plug present inside the collar located in the heart of the ignition chamber. Then, subsequently, the gases sucked into the combustion chamber self-ignite due to the temperature present in the ignition chamber. More precisely, this self-ignition takes place at the moment when the gases are close to a more or less extensive zone. Said area is called a hot spot. This hot spot is located along the wall of the ignition chamber.
  • the surface of the inner wall of the ignition chamber is coated with a refractory material.
  • This material has a heat shield effect with respect to the inner wall of the combustion chamber, which surrounds the wall of the ignition chamber.
  • the outer surface of the wall of the combustion chamber is, in turn, in direct contact with the water to be heated.
  • a technical problem encountered with this type of device is that, as and when the mixture injected into the ignition chamber is burned, the inner wall of this chamber rises in temperature. However, this rise in temperature, although progressive, induces a displacement of the localized area defining the hot spot.
  • a warming of the inner wall delimiting the ignition chamber operates.
  • This heating is effected from the bottom to the top of the ignition chamber, towards the top of the wall in the shape of an inverted tulip.
  • This phenomenon causes a rise in the hot spot area. Due to a higher temperature at the top of the chamber, the gases just entering the ignition chamber expand more rapidly. With the rise of the hot spot, they self-ignite and faster.
  • This mechanism has the effect of reducing the suction phenomenon in the ignition chamber and in particular the amount of oxygen admitted into the ignition chamber. The combustion is then incomplete. Depending on the operating time of the boiler and the heat content of the gas injected into the chamber, it can be observed, following the lack of oxygen, a choking and then a complete shutdown of the boiler.
  • a boiler is made to operate more or less long depending on the amount of water to be heated in the circuit, but also according to its power.
  • the power of a boiler is determined by its technical characteristics and in particular by its ability to admit a greater or lesser tolerance of the fuel richness it is delivered.
  • An object of the invention is to remedy these problems by modifying the wall of the ignition chamber.
  • said wall is perforated with one or more notches.
  • These notches are located on the periphery of the wall of the ignition chamber. Preferably, this or these notches are substantially horizontal. More preferably, all or the notches are contained in the same horizontal plane.
  • the notch or notches are placed at a height between a top of the ignition chamber and a base of the flange of the flame positioner, that is to say of the cylindrical part surrounding the spark plug. ignition.
  • the notch or notches are located near a level corresponding to a base of said flange, while remaining above said level of the base of the flange.
  • an upper part of the wall of the ignition chamber has a substantially parabolic section along a plane passing through an axis of the chamber; a lower portion of the wall has a substantially cylindrical shape; a boundary between said upper and lower portions is substantially at the level of the base of the flange of the flame positioner.
  • the notch or notches are located near the boundary between said upper and lower parts of the wall of the ignition chamber. More preferably, this limit is located at a height corresponding to approximately one third of the total height of the wall of the ignition chamber, starting from a top of said wall.
  • notches separated by solid parts joining an upper part and a lower part of the wall of the ignition chamber, are distributed uniformly along a horizontal circular section of the wall.
  • a horizontal circular section of the wall of the ignition chamber comprises three notches of identical shape and three solid parts of identical shape.
  • the length of a notch is greater than that of a solid part.
  • the notches not only stabilize the location of the hot spot, but also prevent too much heat loss through the heat shield of the wall of the fire chamber.
  • This heating can involve, by thermal conduction, a too important temperature of the support on which it is fixed as well as the wall of the ignition chamber.
  • this support fits the valve valve.
  • the temperature of said flap valve must be completely controlled in order to run no risk of ignition of the air / gas mixture within the intake duct.
  • Another object of the invention is to limit the excessive heating of the body of the valve, by thermal conduction with the support of the walls of the combustion and ignition chambers.
  • the invention provides for the presence of at least two insulating joints, surrounding the body of the flap valve. The support of the combustion and ignition walls comes to fit in contact with these joints.
  • FIG. 1 On the figure 1 is represented a pulsating boiler 1 provided with its valve 2 valve. In this figure, only appears the main heating body of the boiler 1; the intake pot and the pot of relaxation are not included. In addition, the valve of the valve 2 is not shown.
  • the boiler 1 has at its top, above a valve 2 with a valve, a premix chamber 3 for receiving from an intake inlet 4 a gaseous premix of the air / hydrocarbon gas type.
  • Valve 2 has a valve mounted inside a support 5.
  • Said support 5 has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the wall 6 has the shape of a bell. More specifically, said wall 6 has the shape of an inverted tulip.
  • a first part 8 of said tulip is substantially a surface of revolution about an axis 15.
  • Said axis 15 is also an axis of revolution of the valve 2 with a valve and the support 5.
  • a section of the part 8, according to a plan vertical passing through the axis 15, has a substantially parabolic shape.
  • a second portion 9 of the wall 6 has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • the outside of the wall 6 is surrounded by water to be heated.
  • the ignition chamber 10 is delimited by a wall 12.
  • a top of said wall 12 is fixed to a part lower part of the support 5, on an outer wall of the cylinder, under the fixing of the wall 6.
  • the wall 12 of the ignition chamber 10 has an inverted tulip shape similar to that of the wall 6.
  • a first part 8.1 of said wall 12 is substantially a surface of revolution about the axis 15.
  • a section of the part 8.1, in a vertical plane passing through the axis 15, has a substantially parabolic shape.
  • a second portion 9.1 of the wall 12 has a substantially cylindrical shape.
  • An empty space, of substantially constant thickness, separates the outside of the wall 12 from the inside of the wall 6.
  • a base of the combustion chamber 7 is separated from the chamber 11 by a metal honeycomb structure 13 for stiffening the combustion chamber 7.
  • the structure of the heating body also comprises, downstream, that is to say below, the expansion chamber 11, a chamber 14 called expansion chamber.
  • This chamber 14 is composed of different evacuation conduits, helically with respect to the central axis 15 of revolution of the heating body.
  • the valve 2 with a valve is provided with an intake duct 21 of the air / gas mixture in the combustion chamber 7.
  • the intake duct 21 consists of a substantially cylindrical space with a vertical axis 15.
  • the valve 2 to valve also comprises ignition means 16 for producing the first ignition of the gas mixture.
  • These ignition means 16 include in particular a spark plug (not shown), inserted inside a flame positioner 17.
  • This flame positioner 17 is in the form of a cylindrical piece 18 flaring at its lower end forming a collar 19.
  • the spark plug produces an ignition spark inside the collar 19.
  • the collar 19 of the flame positioner 17 is placed in the center of the ignition chamber 10 at a height of between one third and one half of the total height of the bell forming the wall 12, starting from the top of said wall 12.
  • the flange 19 is placed at a height of approximately one third of the total height of the bell forming the wall 12, starting from the top of said wall 12.
  • the top of the wall 12 of the ignition chamber 10, the lower end of the support 5 and the lower end of the valve 2 with a flap inserted into the support 5, are substantially all located in the same plane. horizontal.
  • one or more notches 20 pass right through the thickness of the wall 12.
  • the notches 20 are substantially contained in a plane perpendicular to the axis 15 of the heating body, in a horizontal section of the bell forming the wall 12 of the ignition chamber 10.
  • a notch 20 is in the form of a horizontal slot, traversing part of the circumference of a horizontal section of the wall 12 of the combustion chamber 10.
  • the notches are separated by solid parts allowing keep an upper part and a lower part of the wall 12 integral.
  • the figure 2 represents a sectional view, along a vertical plane passing through the central axis 15, of the ignition chamber 10 of the boiler represented in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the notches are located on the wall 12, at a height substantially corresponding to the boundary between the portion 8.1 of parabolic section and the cylindrical portion 9.1 of this wall 12.
  • the part 8.1 represents between one third and one half of the total height of the wall 12. Consequently, the part 9.1 represents between one half and two thirds of the total height of the wall 12.
  • a length of the cylindrical part 18 of the flame positioner 17 is such that a lower end of the flange 19, a base of said flange 19, is contained in a horizontal plane situated slightly below the horizontal plane corresponding to the notches 20.
  • the notches 20 have a height h, measured along a vertical axis.
  • a distance d between a horizontal plane containing the base of the flange 19 and a horizontal plane passing halfway up the notches 20 Preferably, the distance d is between one and five times the height h of the notches 20 .
  • the openings created by the notches 20 in the wall 12, in direct contact with the air gap separating the wall 12 from the wall 6, are located higher than the base of the collar 19. Said openings are therefore find upstream of the spark plug, and therefore the first ignitions of the gas mixture from the valve gate.
  • the gas flow zone between the inside of the parabolic portion 8.1 of the wall 12 and the top of the collar 19 the gas flow is sufficiently fast and directed so that the mixture does not rush to the through openings created by the notches 20 of the wall 12.
  • the flared shape of the flange 19 also improves the flow and the effects of turbulence. In particular, it makes it possible to cool the inside of the parabolic portion 8.1 of the wall 12 better thanks to the volume of the incoming air / hydrocarbon gas mixture, before the latter ignites.
  • the flange 19 also prevents the same volume of mixing from being immediately presented in contact with the candle when it enters the chamber 10. In fact, since the candle is fitted into the cylindrical duct 18, a spark of ignition occurs. inside the collar 19. Before coming into contact with said spark, the air / hydrocarbon gas mixture entering the ignition chamber 10 has the time to be distributed relatively homogeneously within said chamber . In addition, the highest point of ignition of the mixture remains below the notches 20.
  • notches are made at the circumference of a section of the wall 12 as described above, they are preferably of identical shape and dimensions. More precisely, they are of identical length and height.
  • the notches 20 are separated by solid portions 20.1.
  • these solid parts are also of identical shape and dimensions, in particular of identical length. The length is measured along a horizontal circular section of the wall 12.
  • the length of a notch 20 is greater than the length of a spacing between two notches, that is to say the length of a solid portion 20.1. More preferably, the length of a notch 20 is greater than five times the length of a solid portion 20.1. Even more preferably, the length of a notch 20 is greater than eight times the length of a solid portion 20.1.
  • the parts of the wall 12, located respectively above and below the notches 20, are connected by a minimum of material. They are therefore thermally insulated from one another by an air slice, the wall retaining sufficient rigidity during explosions related to the ignition of the air / hydrocarbon gas mixture.
  • the figure 3 is a sectional view, in a horizontal plane passing halfway up the notches 20, the ignition chamber 10 of the boiler represented at the figure 1 .
  • the wall 12 comprises three notches 20 located along a horizontal circular section of the ignition chamber 10.
  • the number of solid portions 20.1 is also three.
  • the three notches 20 are of identical length.
  • the solid parts 20.1 are of identical length.
  • the following dimensions can be adopted for a boiler as represented in figures 1 , 2 and 3 the diameter of a horizontal circular section of the wall 12, at the notches 20, is approximately 100 mm; the length of a solid portion 20.1, measured along said horizontal section, is about 10 mm; the length of a notch 20 measured along said horizontal section is about 95 mm.
  • the high temperatures of the lower part 9.1 are related to the ignition of the gaseous mixture within the ignition chamber 10.
  • This hot spot corresponds to an area of low height, located on a horizontal circular section of the wall 12.
  • the hot spot is therefore in the form of a ring on the inner face, covered with a refractory material, the wall 12.
  • the hot spot is located on the cylindrical portion 9.1 of the wall 12.
  • the hot spot is located slightly below the base of the collar 19, that is to say at the level of the first ignition of the gaseous mixture in the chamber 10 by the candle.
  • this hot spot has a tendency to rise regularly along the wall 12. In doing so, it exceeds the level of the base of the collar 19 to go up again along the parabolic portion 8.1, with a risk of being too close to the valve 2 valve and the air / gas hydrocarbon mixing zone.
  • this rise of the hot spot involves a disturbance of the frequency of the pulsation of the valve of the valve 2.
  • This rise of the hot spot mainly causes a large production of carbon monoxide, due to a lack of contribution of air and incomplete combustion.
  • the admission of a new volume air / hydrocarbon gas takes place first within the chamber 3 premix through the openings of the valve valve.
  • the gaseous mixture then passes through the intake duct 21, before entering the upper part of the ignition chamber 10.
  • This upper part of the ignition chamber 10 corresponds to the parabolic portion 8.1 of the wall 12.
  • the part upper part of the ignition chamber 10 also comprises the lower part of the ignition means 16, in particular the cylinder 18 with, at its end, the collar 19.
  • the air / hydrocarbon gas mixture ignites on contact with the corresponding zone at the hot spot. After the explosion, evacuation of the gas flow towards the expansion chamber 11 and then the expansion chamber 14 causes a phenomenon of depression at the top of the ignition chamber 10 and thus generates a suction in the part located in upstream of said chamber. In the same movement, the valve of the valve 2 releases openings of said valve 2, communicating with the premix chamber 3. A suction phenomenon allows a new volume of the air / hydrocarbon gas mixture to enter the chamber premixing to the intake duct 21.
  • the fuel here the hydrocarbon gas
  • the oxidant in this case air
  • the notches as previously described maintain the hot spot at a level located in an upper portion of the cylindrical portion 9.1 of the ignition chamber.
  • the hot spot is close to the level of the base of the flange 19.
  • a temperature of the wall 12 at the top of the bell may be of the order of 120 ° C.
  • a temperature of the interior of the same wall 12 at the hot spot may be of the order of 900 ° C. Thanks to the refractory material inside the wall 12, as well as to the air gap between the two walls 12 and 6, said wall 6 maintains a controlled temperature for appropriately heating the heating water in which she is immersed.
  • a boiler is made to operate more or less long depending on the amount of water to be heated in the circuit, but also according to its power.
  • the power of a boiler is determined by its technical characteristics and in particular by its ability to admit a greater or lesser tolerance of the energy content of the fuel delivered to it.
  • a boiler can operate in a normative range of +/- 7.5%, which corresponds to the range of ignition speed of the gas used. Indeed, the gas ignites more or less rapidly depending on its richness.
  • the notches 20 can increase the power of the boiler of the order of 20%, or a power of 20 KW to 25 KW.
  • a preferred form of the invention provides for the presence of two seals (22, 23) in order to isolate the support 5 from the valve 2.
  • at least two seals (22, 23) are placed one above the other and partly inserted in the gutters present in the outer wall of a cylindrical portion 24 of the valve 2.
  • one of the two seals 22 is placed substantially at half height of this cylindrical portion.
  • the second seal 23 is placed above the seal 22, while remaining below an upper end of the support 5.
  • the cylindrical portion 24 is inserted into the support 5. Due to a relief presented by the seals outside said portion 24, an inner wall of the support 5 is in contact with the seals (22, 23) without direct contact with an outer wall of the portion 24. Thus, a space is preserved between the support 5 and the portion 24 of the valve 2. Said valve 2 is protected from high temperatures that can be reached by the support 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP09305891.5A 2008-09-25 2009-09-24 Pulsierender Verbrennungskessel Active EP2169305B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200931523A SI2169305T1 (sl) 2008-09-25 2009-09-24 Pulzni kotel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0856440A FR2936300B1 (fr) 2008-09-25 2008-09-25 Chaudiere pulsatoire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2169305A1 true EP2169305A1 (de) 2010-03-31
EP2169305B1 EP2169305B1 (de) 2016-06-22

Family

ID=40601152

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09305891.5A Active EP2169305B1 (de) 2008-09-25 2009-09-24 Pulsierender Verbrennungskessel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2169305B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2592930T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2936300B1 (de)
PT (1) PT2169305T (de)
RU (1) RU2419027C1 (de)
SI (1) SI2169305T1 (de)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1991015713A1 (en) * 1990-04-04 1991-10-17 Pulsonex Ab Pulsatory burner
WO1992008928A1 (en) * 1990-11-19 1992-05-29 De Stichting Impuls Burner for pulsating combustion
EP0489820A1 (de) * 1989-08-24 1992-06-17 Pulsonex Ab Pulsierender brenner.
EP0806609A1 (de) * 1996-05-09 1997-11-12 SOCIETE ANONYME DITE MULLER & CIE Gasheizkessel mit schwingender Verbrennung
US20050058957A1 (en) * 2003-09-11 2005-03-17 Chiping Li Method and apparatus using jets to initiate detonations
US20060260291A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2006-11-23 General Electric Company Pulse detonation assembly with cooling enhancements

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0489820A1 (de) * 1989-08-24 1992-06-17 Pulsonex Ab Pulsierender brenner.
WO1991015713A1 (en) * 1990-04-04 1991-10-17 Pulsonex Ab Pulsatory burner
WO1992008928A1 (en) * 1990-11-19 1992-05-29 De Stichting Impuls Burner for pulsating combustion
EP0806609A1 (de) * 1996-05-09 1997-11-12 SOCIETE ANONYME DITE MULLER & CIE Gasheizkessel mit schwingender Verbrennung
US20050058957A1 (en) * 2003-09-11 2005-03-17 Chiping Li Method and apparatus using jets to initiate detonations
US20060260291A1 (en) * 2005-05-20 2006-11-23 General Electric Company Pulse detonation assembly with cooling enhancements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2936300A1 (fr) 2010-03-26
FR2936300B1 (fr) 2010-10-22
RU2009135633A (ru) 2011-03-27
EP2169305B1 (de) 2016-06-22
RU2419027C1 (ru) 2011-05-20
PT2169305T (pt) 2016-09-26
SI2169305T1 (sl) 2017-02-28
ES2592930T3 (es) 2016-12-02

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