EP2168211B1 - Speisenetzwerk für eine gruppenantenne - Google Patents

Speisenetzwerk für eine gruppenantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2168211B1
EP2168211B1 EP08802623A EP08802623A EP2168211B1 EP 2168211 B1 EP2168211 B1 EP 2168211B1 EP 08802623 A EP08802623 A EP 08802623A EP 08802623 A EP08802623 A EP 08802623A EP 2168211 B1 EP2168211 B1 EP 2168211B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiator
point
group antenna
antenna according
feed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08802623A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2168211A1 (de
Inventor
Maximilian GÖTTL
Michael Boss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kathrein SE
Original Assignee
Kathrein Werke KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kathrein Werke KG filed Critical Kathrein Werke KG
Publication of EP2168211A1 publication Critical patent/EP2168211A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2168211B1 publication Critical patent/EP2168211B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a feed network for a group antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a group antenna is understood to mean an antenna in which a plurality of radiators or radiator modules are arranged at an offset from one another in at least one column (or a row).
  • a group antenna also generally called antenna array
  • the individual emitters used may be, for example, dipoles and patch antennas. Simply polarized radiators or dual polarized radiators can be used, which can radiate and / or receive only in one frequency band or generally in several frequency bands.
  • the present group antenna is preferably an antenna for the base station of a stationary mobile radio antenna.
  • radiators in a group antenna must be fed with a defined relative phase angle.
  • a linear array of radiator elements radiates perpendicular to the array, i. usually perpendicular to a reflector assembly to which the individual emitters are arranged with a corresponding offset.
  • a steadily increasing phase difference of two adjacent radiators causes a beam swing.
  • adjustable phase shifters the individual, for example, in the vertical direction superposed radiators corresponding signals with offset phase difference can be supplied, with the result that depending on the different predefinable phase difference, a different strong beam reduction (downtilt or downtilt angle) is adjustable. This principle is used above all in mobile radio antennas with a vertical arrangement of the radiators.
  • the object of the present invention is to feed the emitters and / or groups of emitters with a definite phase in a group antenna (an antenna array), and this with an improved construction compared to the prior art.
  • the invention proposes that the feed network for the at least two emitters comprehensive group antenna comprises at least two different types of coaxial cable, which propagates the signals allow different phase velocities.
  • the desired phase positions can nevertheless be maintained accordingly in the case of the radiators fed thereon.
  • the different length cable loops can thereby be shortened or avoided that correspondingly different coaxial cables are used with different phase velocities.
  • a dielectric array antenna with an associated waveguide branching network is basically of the DE 40 35 793 A1 known. According to this prior publication, an antenna with particularly small antenna groups can be created with a minimized number of individual elements in the array. In this solution, which is completely unusual for conventional antenna technology, it is provided that a feed signal from a waveguide feed point is to be led via branched waveguide sections to individual waveguide outlet openings, to which the radiator elements can then be connected.
  • a waveguide material is a metal such as brass, brass / gold alloy or a plastic, in which the waveguide walls are metallized.
  • a waveguide block is assembled from two symmetrical metal blocks, which are provided with the integrated trained differently long waveguide channels.
  • a coaxial cable with low phase velocity is used where the actual distance between a branch point and a feed point (at a respective radiator or a radiator group fed above it) is shorter than the distance between the branch point and a radiator group adjacent thereto or an adjacent radiator.
  • a coaxial cable with low phase velocity is used in particular for the intended in the central region of the radiator arrangement emitter or radiator groups.
  • feed point may be any suitable connection of a radiator to a coaxial cable, ie any connection point and / or connection point between the radiator and the coaxial feed cable.
  • connection or connection point that is to say also a so-called feed input or a feed point
  • connection, connection and / or feed point can be provided directly on dipole arms.
  • adaptation elements such as capacitances, inductances, line sections with different characteristic impedances and lengths as well as a stub line are still used.
  • the connection, connection and / or feed point can be provided in front of the aforementioned adaptation elements, ie at a distance in front of the actual radiator elements.
  • Coax lines can also be used for resistance transformation and spur lines in distribution circuits.
  • even in the further course of the feed coaxial cable may still be present, for example, are connected to a filter. In dual-band antennas, the signals of the other band are attenuated.
  • this is at least one or more coaxial cable according to the invention (along which the phase of a wave propagates to the network further coaxial cables of different speeds) provided on the whole or on only a part of a connection or feed line, about which a radiator is fed from a distribution and / or sum circuit starting, that is, emitting signals emitted or received signals are received.
  • At least three different coaxial cables with three different phase velocities are used, in particular if at least three radiators or radiator groups arranged offset to one another and jointly supplied are arranged with offset from one another.
  • radiators or radiator groups which are fed with a predefinable or preselectable phase difference or subgroups to be fed with preselectable or predetermined phase difference, for example, by using several different coaxial cables with different phase velocities (ie different speeds, with the the phase of a wave propagates) a corresponding shortening of cable loops or even the avoidance of cable loops can be effected.
  • many antennas are constructed symmetrically to a central radiator or a central radiator group, so that when using three radiators (or three radiator groups), only a second type of coaxial cable is necessary.
  • a solution which is preferred in the sense of the invention can then be realized with three different coaxial cables (with different phase velocities).
  • devices for phase adjustment and / or power distribution can also be provided in such inventively designed group antennas.
  • group antennas according to the invention not only phase shifters in the network for an adjustable radiator pivoting, but also means for adjustable power distribution be provided.
  • an inversion of a signal means a frequency-independent phase rotation of 180 °.
  • the radiation of an inverted signal can be effected in a dipole, for example, by interchanging the feed points or by total rotation of the dipole by 180 °.
  • the coaxial cables with a different phase velocity can be realized by any suitable means. It is possible, for example, the use of coaxial cable, which have a special structure of the inner conductor, whereby the phase velocity is changed. It is possible to use a helically arranged inner conductor, a corrugated inner conductor, etc.
  • the different phase velocity in the coaxial cables can in principle also be changed by a special structure of the outer conductor, which can be, for example, corrugated, spirally corrugated, etc.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of a group antenna (antenna array) shown in the prior art.
  • a group antenna can be used, for example, for the base station of a mobile radio antenna.
  • the array antenna comprises three radiators 3 or radiator arrangements arranged offset from one another (it may also be radiator modules, etc.).
  • these emitters 3 are arranged in a mobile antenna at the same distance in the vertical direction offset from each other lying, usually in front of a reflector.
  • the emitters 3 may be dipole emitters, patch emitters or other emitters. Simply polarized emitters or dual polarized emitters can be used.
  • the antenna may, in principle, be constructed to radiate or receive in one or more frequency bands.
  • a connection or feeding point 5 is provided for the network 7, wherein the network 7 has a connected via a line 6 to the connection or feed point 5 distribution and / or sum circuit 9, of the three lines 11 ', in particular three coaxial lines 11 are arranged between the distribution and / or sum circuit 9 and the respective feed input 13 on the radiator 3 .
  • the three lines 11 ' ie in the embodiment shown, the three coaxial lines 11 are formed from the same coaxial cables 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3, which have an equal length.
  • FIG. 2 for an otherwise comparable group antenna 1 while the leading to the upper and lower radiator 3.1 and 3.3 leading coaxial cable 11.1 and 11.3 is the same length and consists of a coaxial cable 11 same phase velocity, whereas now between the distribution and / or summing point 9 and the feed inlet 13 of the middle Spotlight 3 a different coaxial cable 11.2 is used, which has a lower phase velocity (ie a slower rate at which the phase of an electromagnetic wave propagates in the coaxial cable). Therefore, the in FIG. 1 According to the prior art provided cable loop 111 for the central coaxial cable 11.2 significantly shortened, for example by 10% to 90%, by 20% to 80%, by 30% to 70% or for example by 40% to 60%. In the illustrated embodiment, a shortening of about 50% is possible. In today often a high cabling density having antenna arrangements, in particular mobile radio antenna arrays, this is a significant advantage realized, in particular a space and cost reduction.
  • the radiator may also comprise "internal coaxial cable lengths", in particular when provided adaptation elements (such as capacitance and inductance) and thus line sections with different characteristic impedances and lengths are also provided with regard to any stub line that may still be provided.
  • the connection and / or connection and / or feeding point can also be offset relative to the actual radiator elements.
  • feeder, connection and / or connection point is therefore meant in no way limited or limited connection point for a radiator.
  • connection and / or feeding point 13 and the distribution and / or sum circuit 9 the coaxial cable in question with reduced phase velocity is not provided on the entire route be. It is sufficient if such a cable is possibly realized only on a partial length and cooperates with other Koaxialraitabitesen that allow the propagation of a phase with deviating phase velocity.
  • the inventive principle is such that on a branch line starting from a distribution and / or sum circuit 9 (ie, a distribution and / or summing point 9) and the at least two connection, connection and / or supply points 13 (the may also be designed again in the manner of a branching, distribution and / or sum circuit to subsequent emitters) in one and / or at least other coaxial branch line different types and / or lengths of coaxial cables are used, optionally in different lengths, by a different phase velocity are characterized.
  • a distribution and / or sum circuit 9 ie, a distribution and / or summing point 9
  • the at least two connection, connection and / or supply points 13 the may also be designed again in the manner of a branching, distribution and / or sum circuit to subsequent emitters
  • different types and / or lengths of coaxial cables are used, optionally in different lengths, by a different phase velocity are characterized.
  • a coaxial cable type with a certain phase velocity is preferably used in a coaxial cable branch line at least on a partial section, and in the at least one further coaxial branch line at least on a partial section a coaxial cable type with a different phase velocity.
  • connection and / or feed point 13 of a radiator or a radiator group is shorter than to the connection, connection and / or feed point 13 of a radiator or a Emitter group fed via the other coaxial branch line can be ensured by selecting a slow-phase coaxial cable type, so that the total cable length can be made shorter to avoid the cable loops necessary in the prior art.
  • the middle coaxial cable 11.2 compared to the other two coaxial cables 11.1 and 11.3 is significantly shortened, all three emitters 3.1 to 3.3 are fed with the same phase.
  • a power divider 109 is provided in the embodiment according to FIG. 3 .
  • the power components for the individual emitters 3 can optionally also be set differently, if this appears necessary or expedient.
  • a power divider 109 may also be provided at a different location.
  • several power dividers may be provided at different locations. There are no restrictions in this respect.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 4 differs from that FIG. 1 only in that the lower third radiator 3.3 has been omitted.
  • a coaxial cable 11.2 is also necessary here for the supply of the second radiator 3.2, which is laid with a cable loop 111, so that this coaxial cable 11.2 is the same length as the coaxial cable 11.1 (since both transmit cables with the same phase velocity).
  • the antenna arrays 33.1 and 33.2 may also comprise more than just two radiators.
  • From the aforementioned distribution and / or summation circuit 9 again go the three mentioned coaxial cables 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3 to the two subgroups 33.1 and 33.2, which at a group point 99.1 and 99.2 again corresponding to the number of belonging to a subgroup Radiating branch.
  • the phase position between the distributor and / or sum circuit 9 and the feed inputs 13.1 to the two radiators 3.1 of the first group 33.1 as the inputs 13.2 and 13.3 in the sole radiator 33.3 of the third group 33.3 results from the corresponding cable length.
  • the same cables are used with the same phase speeds.
  • modified antenna array according to FIG. 7 proposed to use between the distribution and / or sum circuit 9 and the individual antenna groups associated subsequent distribution and / or sum circuits 99.1 and 99.2 coaxial cable with different phase velocity, wherein the coaxial cable 11.2 is one which is characterized by a lower phase velocity.
  • the coaxial cable 11.2 has been selected such that the phase of an electromagnetic wave (signal) propagates in the coaxial cable 11.2 at such a speed that a cable loop 111 (FIG. FIG. 6 ) can be completely dispensed with.
  • embodiments are also possible and sometimes useful in which at least a reduction and thus a reduction of the necessary according to the prior art cable loop is possible.
  • the coaxial cable 11.3 is used over the entire length of the distribution and / or sum circuit 9 to the feed inlet 13.3 running continuously, and in this case has a preferred even lower phase velocity than the coaxial cable 11.2. It will also noted that between the branch point 9 and the feed points 13.2 of the radiator 3.2 of the second group thus two coaxial cables of different types are connected in series, namely the coaxial cable 11.2 with a lower phase velocity, which then at the branch point 99.2 in a downstream coaxial cable 11.2 'with the opposite larger Phase velocity passes, for example, corresponds to that type of coaxial cable 11.1, which leads to the radiators 3.1.
  • the coaxial cables can also be provided with, for example, a lower phase velocity, only in a partial path between the distribution and / or summation circuit 9 and any connecting, connecting and / or feeding point 13, so that therefore coaxial cables which control the propagation of a phase allow with different phase velocity, in each case suitable lengths in series (in a row) are connected, that are electrically connected.
  • connection, connection and / or supply points 13 can also be offset from the individual radiators 13.
  • the further branching point or branching circuit 99.9 can also be understood as connecting, connecting and / or feeding point 13 for the following radiators 13.2.
  • the coaxial cables with different phase velocities are drawn in stronger lines relative to the other coaxial cables with generally higher phase velocities. Also in this embodiment according to FIG.
  • the coaxial cables with different phase velocities can also only be used on one leg, for example between the distributor and / or summation point 9 and a connection, connection and / or feed point 13 or a subsequent distribution and / or sum circuit 99.2 be provided, especially since this further branch point 99.2 ultimately turn a connection, connection and / or feed point 13 for represents the one or more subsequent radiator 13.
  • Coaxial cables or different types of coaxial cable for example, can also be connected to each other alternately in a common transmission path on the mentioned sections or partial sections 11.2 and 11.3.
  • a group antenna according to the prior art is shown, in this embodiment, in all subgroups (but this does not have to be so in all subgroups), the at least one further radiator is serially fed.
  • the interconnections within the subgroups can be of any type, independent of the rest of the feed network. Possible, for example, stretched lines in which 360 'phase differences correspond to a distance of 0.7 wavelength in air.
  • a phase shifter assembly 201 is further provided (namely, a differential phase shifter assembly), wherein the outermost lying (ie remote) emitter groups 33.1 and 33.5 are fed with the largest relative phase shift and the next adjacent groups 33.2 and 33.4 over the two further outputs in the double phase shifter assembly are fed with a lower relative phase offset (for construction and use of the operation of such a double phase shifter assembly reference is made to the pre-publication EP 1 208 614 B1 referred to and incorporated in the content of the present application).
  • the middle radiator group 33.3 is usually fed without phase offset via the feed point 6 and the subsequent feed line 5.
  • the double-phase shifter assembly 201 ultimately also represents the distributor and / or sum circuit 9 according to the other embodiments.
  • the deviating antenna according to the invention according to FIG. 9 comprises the same radiator, radiator groups and basically a comparable structure for generating a comparable radiator diagram, but now in this embodiment, the central radiator group 33.3 for shortening the according to the prior art FIG. 8 having a mean loop 111 a coaxial cable 11.3 with lower phase velocity.
  • the above and below adjacent thereto and fed to the two outputs of the double phase shifter module via coaxial cable 11.2 and 11.4 emitters of the second and fourth group are also fed via another coaxial cable with another deviating phase velocity, so that provided for these assemblies cable loops 111th ' according to FIG. 8 eliminated.
  • Coaxial cable types are then selected for the individual coaxial cables 11.2 and 11.4 in such a way that the coaxial cables can be routed as much as possible while avoiding cable loops or cable loops of as small dimensions as possible.
  • the coaxial cable type in question must be selected to be based on the predetermined optimum length has a correspondingly adapted phase velocity, in order to ensure the feeding of the following radiators with the corresponding defined phase position.
  • the coaxial cables may have different dielectric constants to allow different phase velocities depending thereon.
  • the coaxial cables can alternatively or additionally be provided with different inner conductor structures, for example, have an inner conductor in the manner of a helix and / or comprise inner conductors which are corrugated.
  • the coaxial cables can still be provided with a different outer conductor structure, it also being possible for the outer conductor preferably to be corrugated and / or corrugated in a spiral manner.
  • the coaxial cables can emit an inverted signal, a phase shift of 180 ° is possible.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
EP08802623A 2007-10-05 2008-09-25 Speisenetzwerk für eine gruppenantenne Not-in-force EP2168211B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007047741A DE102007047741B4 (de) 2007-10-05 2007-10-05 Mobilfunk-Gruppenantenne
PCT/EP2008/008159 WO2009046886A1 (de) 2007-10-05 2008-09-25 Speisenetzwerk für eine gruppenantenne

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2168211A1 EP2168211A1 (de) 2010-03-31
EP2168211B1 true EP2168211B1 (de) 2011-12-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08802623A Not-in-force EP2168211B1 (de) 2007-10-05 2008-09-25 Speisenetzwerk für eine gruppenantenne

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US9531083B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2168211B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN101816101B (zh)
AT (1) ATE536646T1 (zh)
DE (1) DE102007047741B4 (zh)
IN (1) IN2010KN00858A (zh)
WO (1) WO2009046886A1 (zh)

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US10170840B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-01-01 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for sending or receiving electromagnetic signals
US10790593B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2020-09-29 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Method and apparatus including an antenna comprising a lens and a body coupled to a feedline having a structure that reduces reflections of electromagnetic waves
US10511346B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-12-17 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for inducing electromagnetic waves on an uninsulated conductor
US10205655B2 (en) 2015-07-14 2019-02-12 At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. Apparatus and methods for communicating utilizing an antenna array and multiple communication paths
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20120098726A1 (en) 2012-04-26
DE102007047741A1 (de) 2009-04-09
IN2010KN00858A (zh) 2015-08-28
CN101816101A (zh) 2010-08-25
ATE536646T1 (de) 2011-12-15
WO2009046886A1 (de) 2009-04-16
DE102007047741B4 (de) 2010-05-12
CN101816101B (zh) 2016-08-10
EP2168211A1 (de) 2010-03-31
US9531083B2 (en) 2016-12-27

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