EP2168211A1 - Speisenetzwerk für eine gruppenantenne - Google Patents
Speisenetzwerk für eine gruppenantenneInfo
- Publication number
- EP2168211A1 EP2168211A1 EP08802623A EP08802623A EP2168211A1 EP 2168211 A1 EP2168211 A1 EP 2168211A1 EP 08802623 A EP08802623 A EP 08802623A EP 08802623 A EP08802623 A EP 08802623A EP 2168211 A1 EP2168211 A1 EP 2168211A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiator
- coaxial cable
- connection
- antenna according
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to a feed network for a group antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a group antenna is understood to mean an antenna in which a plurality of radiators or radiator modules are arranged at an offset from one another in at least one column (or a row).
- a group antenna also generally referred to as antenna array
- the individual emitters used may be, for example, dipoles and patch antennas. Simply polarized emitters or dual-polarized emitters can be used which can only emit and / or receive in one frequency band or generally in several frequency bands.
- the present group antenna is preferably an antenna for the base station of a stationary mobile radio antenna.
- radiators in a group antenna must be fed with a defined relative phase angle.
- a linear array of radiator elements radiates perpendicular to the array, i. usually perpendicular to a reflector assembly to which the individual emitters are arranged with a corresponding offset.
- a steadily increasing phase difference between two adjacent radiators causes a beam sway.
- adjustable phase shifters the individual, for example in the vertical direction superimposed radiators corresponding signals can be supplied with offset phase difference, with the result that depending on the different predefinable phase difference, a different strong beam reduction (downtilt or downtilt angle) adjustable is. This principle is used above all in mobile radio antennas with a vertical arrangement of the radiators.
- cables and in particular coaxial cables are used, which have the same length of cable (coaxial cable length) from the central feed point (branch point) 711.
- the equal length feed lines (coaxial lines) of the encryption branch point partially laid in loops, so that despite the different distance between the branch point and the radiator concerned always the signals with the same phase or the same relative phase position corresponding to the set downtilt angle to the radiators.
- antennas especially for the mobile sector, which consist of so-called colinear antennas (for example, the Kathrein antenna Type K 751 637).
- colinear antennas for example, the Kathrein antenna Type K 751 637.
- Multiple radiators are serially fed from one end of a rigid, elongated feed line in such colinear antennas.
- the radiators are located at positions where the phase along the feed line differs by 360 '. This also allows all offset emitters can be fed with the same phase. If a feed line with a dielectric consisting of air is used, this position is at a distance of one wavelength (of the frequency band to be transmitted, preferably in the center frequency of the frequency band to be transmitted). However, such a radiator distance may possibly be too large for the requirement of the radiation pattern.
- the stretched, solid feed line is partially or completely filled with a dielectric.
- the spaced locations of the same phase position (which differ by 360 'or a multiple of 360') are closer together, which is why the spacing of adjacent radiator positions is correspondingly reduced Removal of dielectric realize a beam swing.
- the object of the present invention is to feed the emitters and / or groups of emitters with a definite phase in a group antenna (an antenna array), and this with an improved construction compared to the prior art.
- the feed network for the antenna comprising at least two emitters comprise at least two different types of coaxial cables, which is a propagation of the Allow signals with different phase velocities.
- Spotlight or a subset of radiators at least a portion is provided with a coaxial cable, which causes a signal propagation at a lower phase velocity.
- the desired phase positions can nevertheless be maintained accordingly in the case of the radiators fed thereon.
- the different length cable loops can thereby be shortened or avoided that correspondingly different coaxial cables are used with different phase velocities.
- a dielectric array antenna with an associated branching network in waveguide technology has basically become known from DE 40 35 793 A1. According to this previously known antenna, an antenna with particularly small antenna groups can be created with a minimized number of individual elements in the array. According to this solution, which is completely unusual for conventional antenna technology, provision is made for a feed signal to be conducted from a waveguide feed point via branched waveguide sections to individual waveguide outlet openings, to which the radiator elements can then be connected.
- the waveguide material used here is a metal such as brass, brass / gold alloy or a plastic in which the waveguide voltages are metallized.
- a waveguide block is assembled from two symmetrical metal blocks, which are provided with the integrated trained differently long waveguide channels.
- a coaxial cable can easily be routed in an antenna system over curves and loops, usually in any length and over a wide variety of levels, without this changing or even worsening the antenna characteristic itself.
- a coaxial cable with a low phase velocity is used where the actual distance between a branch point and a feed point (at a respective radiator or a radiator fed above it) is used. group) is shorter than the distance between the branch point and a radiator group lying adjacent to it or an adjacent radiator.
- a coaxial cable with a low phase velocity is used, in particular for the emitters or emitter groups provided in the middle region of the emitter arrangement.
- feed point may be any suitable connection of a radiator to a coaxial cable, ie any connection point and / or connection point between the radiator and the coaxial feed cable.
- connection or connection point that is to say also a so-called feed input or a feed point
- connection, connection and / or feed point can be provided directly on dipole arms.
- adaptation elements such as capacitances, inductances, line sections with different characteristic impedances and lengths as well as a stub line are still used.
- the connection, connection and / or feed point can be provided in front of the aforementioned adaptation elements, ie at a distance in front of the actual radiator elements.
- Coax lines can also be used for resistance transformation and spur lines in distribution circuits.
- even in the further course of the feed coaxial cable may still be present, for example, are connected to a filter. In dual-band antenna so that the signals of the other band are attenuated.
- the at least one or more inventively provided coaxial cable (along which the phase of a wave rr.it provided for NeLs further coaxial cables of different speeds propagates) on the whole or only one Provided part of a connection or dining line, via which a radiator is fed from a distribution and / or Suramenscnies starting, so emitting signals emitted or received signals are received.
- At least three different coaxial cables with three different phase velocities are used, in particular if at least three radiators or radiator groups arranged offset to one another and jointly fed are arranged with offset from one another.
- radiators or radiator groups which are fed with a predefinable or preselectable phase difference or subgroups to be fed with preselectable or predefinable phase difference, for example, by using several different coaxial cables with different phase velocities (ie, different borrowed speeds, with which the phase of a wave propagates) a corresponding shortening of cable loops or even the avoidance of cable loops can be effected.
- n x 360 'cable lengths is only accurate for a single frequency. Deviating frequencies result in changes in the phase position. The phase changes are proportional to the frequency deviation and the missing line length. Considering that for many antennas today an ever-increasing bandwidth is required, this would mean that significant frequency deviations are present, which also include phase errors. Depending on whether or not all phase errors go in the same direction, they also result in beam sweep and / or e.g. to a higher sidelobe level. The requirements of the radiation pattern, along with the required bandwidth, thus determine whether feed cables can be used in which the phase allows an additional or multiple additional 360 "phase change.
- the coaxial cables with a different phase velocity can be realized by any suitable means. It is possible, for example, the use of coaxial cable, which have a special structure of the inner conductor, whereby the phase velocity is changed. It is possible to use a helically arranged inner conductor, a corrugated inner conductor, etc.
- the different phase velocity in the coaxial cables can in principle also be changed by a special structure of the outer conductor, which can be, for example, corrugated, spirally corrugated, etc.
- Figure 1 a schematic side view of a group antenna with three, for example, preferably at the same distance in the vertical direction offset from one another arranged emitters according to the prior art
- FIG. 2 a group antenna comparable to the gur 1, in which, however, the inventive supply of a radiator via a coaxial cable with a lower phase velocity, whereby a cable loop with respect to the state of the
- FIG. 3 shows a further modification with respect to FIG. 2, in which a cable loop in the coaxial cable for feeding the central radiator is completely eliminated;
- Figure 4 is a schematic side view of a group antenna with two mutually offset radiators or radiator groups according to the prior art, all radiators are fed with the same coaxial cable length;
- FIG. 5 shows a corresponding solution according to the invention in deviation from FIG. 4, in which the cable loop of the one radiator provided according to the prior art is completely eliminated;
- FIG. 6 a group antenna with a distribution network with the formation of subgroups according to the prior art, which are fed with under defenceli- rather phase by using different length coaxial cable between distribution point and the feed point of the radiator;
- FIG. 7 shows a group antenna comparable to that according to FIG. 6, but using different coaxial cables with different phase velocities;
- Figure 8 shows a group antenna with a distribution network forming subgroups according to the prior art, wherein within the subgroups the radiators are serially fed, namely according to the prior art;
- FIG. 9 shows a group antenna according to the invention comparable to that according to FIG. 8, in which the cable loops provided according to the prior art in FIG. 8 are not only reduced but even eliminated.
- FIG. 1 shows, in a schematic side view, a group antenna (antenna array) according to the prior art.
- a group antenna can be used, for example, for the base station of a mobile radio antenna.
- the array antenna comprises three radiators 3 or radiator arrangements arranged offset from one another (it may also be radiator modules, etc.).
- these emitters 3 are arranged offset in the vertical direction with respect to one another in a mobile radio antenna, usually in front of a reflector.
- the emitters 3 may be dipole emitters, patch emitters or others Spotlights act. Simply polarized emitters or dual polarized emitters can be used.
- the antenna may, in principle, be constructed to radiate or receive in one or more frequency bands.
- a connection or feed point 5 is provided for the network 7, the network 7 having a distribution and / or summation circuit 9 connected to the connection or feed point 5 via a line 6, of which three lines 11 ', in particular three coaxial lines 11 between the distribution and / or sum circuit 9 and the respective feed input 13 are arranged on the radiator 3.
- the three lines 11 ' that is to say in the exemplary embodiment shown, the three coaxial lines 11 are formed from the same coaxial cables 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3, which have the same length.
- the coaxial cable 11.1 and 11.3 leading to the upper and lower radiators 3.1 and 3.3 is the same length and consists from a coaxial cable 11 same phase velocity, whereas now between the distribution and / or summing point 9 and the feed input 13 of the central radiator 3 a deviating coaxial cable 11.2 is used, which has a lower phase velocity (ie, a lower speed, with which the phase of a electromagnetic wave propagates in the coaxial cable).
- the cable loop 111 provided in FIG. 1 for the central coaxial cable 11.2 is considerably shortened, for example by 10% to 90%, by 20% to 80%, by 30% to 70% or for example by 40%. up to 60%. In the illustrated embodiment, a shortening of about 50% is possible.
- the antenna arrangements in particular mobile radio antenna arrangements, which today frequently have a high cabling density, a clear advantage is thereby realized, in particular an installation space and cost reduction.
- connection and / or connection and / or feeding point can also be offset relative to the actual radiator elements. Under supply, connection and / or connection point is therefore one in any way limited or meant limited connection point for a spotlight.
- connection and / or feeding point 13 and the distribution and / or sum circuit 9 the present coaxial cable with reduced phase velocity must not be provided on the entire route. It is sufficient if such a cable is possibly realized only on a partial length and cooperates with other Koaxialraitabitesen that allow the propagation of a phase with deviating phase velocity.
- the inventive principle is such that on a branch line starting from a distribution and / or sum circuit 9 (ie, a distribution and / or summing point 9) and the at least two connection, connection and / or supply points 13 (the may also be designed again in the manner of a branching, distribution and / or sum circuit to subsequent emitters) in one and / or at least other coaxial branch line different types and / or lengths of coaxial cables are used, optionally in different lengths, by a different phase velocity are characterized.
- a distribution and / or sum circuit 9 ie, a distribution and / or summing point 9
- the at least two connection, connection and / or supply points 13 the may also be designed again in the manner of a branching, distribution and / or sum circuit to subsequent emitters
- different types and / or lengths of coaxial cables are used, optionally in different lengths, by a different phase velocity are characterized.
- the use of the respective coaxial cable type with a respective different phase velocity to another coaxial cable type and the corresponding length is always tuned so that at a connection, connection and / or feed point 13 for one and several subsequent emitters a desired and certain (Defined) phase position is generated, and this preferably with the shortest possible cable lengths for avoiding before cable loops. Therefore, at least in a coaxial cable branch line is preferred at least a coaxial cable type with a certain phase velocity is used in one section, and in the other of the at least one further coaxial branch line, at least on a partial section, a coaxial cable type with, on the other hand, a different phase velocity.
- connection and / or feed point 13 of a radiator or a radiator group is shorter than the connection, connection and / or feed point 13 of a radiator or A group of emitters fed via the other coaxial branch line can be ensured by selecting a coaxial cable type with slow phase velocity so that the total cable length can be made shorter in order to avoid the cable loops necessary in the prior art.
- the middle coaxial cable 11.2 compared to the other two coaxial cables 11.1 and 11.3 is significantly shortened, all three emitters 3.1 to 3.3 are fed with the same phase.
- a power divider 109 is also provided on the distribution and / or summation circuit 9. This should only be indicated that this example, the power components for the individual radiator 3, if necessary, can also be set differently, if this appears necessary or appropriate. Notwithstanding the embodiment shown, a power divider 109 may also be provided at a different location. In addition, multiple power dividers can be provided in different places throughout the network. There are no restrictions in this respect.
- FIG. 4 differs from that of Figure 1 only in that the lower third radiator 3.3 has been omitted. Nevertheless, a coaxial cable 11.2 is also necessary here for feeding the second radiator 3.2, which is laid with a cable loop 111 so that this coaxial cable 11.2 is the same length as the coaxial cable 11.1 (since both cables transmit at the same phase velocity).
- a coaxial cable 11.2 deviating from the coaxial cable 11.1 is used, which has a significantly lower phase velocity.
- a cable loop 111 as in the solution according to the prior art according to FIG. 4, can be avoided.
- the antenna groups 33.1 and 33.2 may include more than just two emitters.
- the distribution and / or summation circuit 9 again assumes the three coaxial cables 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3 mentioned above for the two subgroups 33.1 and 33.2, which again branch off at a group point 99.1 and 99.2 corresponding to the number of radiators belonging to a subgroup.
- the phase position between the distributor and / or sum circuit 9 and the feed inputs 13.1 to the two radiators 3.1 of the first group 33.1 as the inputs 13.2 and 13.3 in the single radiator 3.3 of the third group 33.3 results from the corresponding cable length.
- the same cables are used with the same phase speeds.
- the coaxial cable 11.2 has been chosen such that the phase of an electromagnetic wave (signal) propagates in the coaxial cable 11.2 at such a speed that a cable loop 111 (FIG. 6) can be completely dispensed with.
- a cable loop 111 FIG. 6
- embodiments are also possible and sometimes useful in which at least a shortening and thus a reduction of the necessary according to Stand Her technology cable loop is possible.
- the coaxial cable 11.3 is used over the entire length of the distribution and / or sum circuit 9 to the feed inlet 13.3 continuously running, and in this case has a preferably even lower phase velocity than the coaxial cable 11.2. It is also noted that between the branch point 9 and the feed points 13.2 of the radiator 3.2 of the second group thus two coaxial cables of different types are connected in series, namely the coaxial cable 11.2 with a lower phase velocity, which then at the branch point 99.2 in a downstream coaxial cable 11.2 ' on the other hand, passes with a greater phase velocity which, for example, corresponds to that type of coaxial cable 11.1 leading to the radiators 3.1.
- the coaxial cables with, for example, a lower phase velocity can also be provided only in a partial path between the distribution and / or summation circuit 9 and any connection, connection and / or feed point 13, so that therefore coaxial cables which control the propagation allow a phase with different phase velocity, are connected in each case suitable lengths in series (one behind the other), that are electrically connected.
- connection, connection and / or supply points 13 can also be offset from the individual radiators 13.
- the further branching point or branching circuit 99.9 can also be understood as connecting, connecting and / or feeding point 13 for the following radiators 13.2.
- the coaxial cables with different phase velocities are in stronger lines in relation to FIGS other coaxial cables with generally higher phase velocities drawn.
- this exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7
- the coaxial cables with deviating phase velocities can likewise only be used over a partial distance, for example between the distribution and / or summit point 9 and a connection, connection and / or feed point 13 or a subsequent distribution and / or summation circuit 99.2 be provided, especially since this further branch point 99.2 ultimately in turn represents a connection, connection and / or feed point 13 for the one or more subsequent radiator 13.
- Coaxial cables or different types of coaxial cable for example, can also be connected to each other alternately in a common transmission path on the mentioned sections or partial sections 11.2 and 11.3.
- connection line within the subgroups can be of any type, regardless of the remaining feeder network.
- stretched lines are possible in which 360 'phase differences correspond to a distance of 0.7 wavelength in air.
- a phase shifter assembly 201 is further provided in this embodiment (namely, a differential phase shifter module), wherein the outermost lying (ie remote) emitter groups 33.1 and 33.5 are fed with the largest relative phase shift and the next adjacent closer groups 33.2 and 33.4 are fed via the two other outputs in the double phase shifter assembly with a lower relative phase offset (with respect to the construction and use of the operation of such a double phase shifter assembly reference is made to the prior publication EP 1 208 614 Bl and made the content of the present application.
- the middle radiator group 33.3 is usually fed without phase offset via the feed point 6 and the subsequent feed line 5.
- the double-phase shifter assembly 201 ultimately also represents the distributor and / or sum circuit 9 according to the other embodiments.
- the deviating antenna array according to FIG. 9 comprises the same radiators, radiator groups and in principle the comparable structure for producing the comparable radiator diagram, but now in this embodiment the central radiator group 33.3 for shortening the embodiment according to the prior art according to FIG 8 provided central loop 111 a coaxial cable 11.3 with lower phase velocity and the above and below adjacent to the two outputs of the double phase shifter assembly via coaxial cable 11.2 and 11.4 powered emitters of the second and fourth group are also fed via another coaxial cable with a different phase velocity , so that the intended for these assemblies cable loops 111 'omitted according to Figure 8.
- Coaxial cable types chosen so that the coaxial cable can be laid as possible while avoiding cable loops or small as possible cable loops.
- the coaxial cable type in question must be selected so that it has a suitably matched phase velocity relative to the predeterminable optimum length in order to ensure the feeding of the following radiators with the correspondingly defined phase position.
- the coaxial cables may have different dielectric constants to allow different phase velocities depending thereon.
- the coaxial cables can alternatively or additionally be provided with different inner conductor structures, for example, have an inner conductor in the manner of a helix and / or comprise inner conductors which are corrugated.
- the coaxial cables can still be provided with a different outer conductor structure, it also being possible for the outer conductor to preferably be corrugated and / or corrugated in a spiral manner.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007047741A DE102007047741B4 (de) | 2007-10-05 | 2007-10-05 | Mobilfunk-Gruppenantenne |
PCT/EP2008/008159 WO2009046886A1 (de) | 2007-10-05 | 2008-09-25 | Speisenetzwerk für eine gruppenantenne |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2168211A1 true EP2168211A1 (de) | 2010-03-31 |
EP2168211B1 EP2168211B1 (de) | 2011-12-07 |
Family
ID=40339873
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08802623A Not-in-force EP2168211B1 (de) | 2007-10-05 | 2008-09-25 | Speisenetzwerk für eine gruppenantenne |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9531083B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2168211B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN101816101B (de) |
AT (1) | ATE536646T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102007047741B4 (de) |
IN (1) | IN2010KN00858A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009046886A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (18)
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CN103337711B (zh) * | 2013-05-31 | 2015-08-19 | 中科院杭州射频识别技术研发中心 | 基于光子晶体的超高频近场rfid读写器天线 |
US10790593B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2020-09-29 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Method and apparatus including an antenna comprising a lens and a body coupled to a feedline having a structure that reduces reflections of electromagnetic waves |
US10033107B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2018-07-24 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Method and apparatus for coupling an antenna to a device |
US10439290B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-10-08 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Apparatus and methods for wireless communications |
US10205655B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-02-12 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Apparatus and methods for communicating utilizing an antenna array and multiple communication paths |
US10320586B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-06-11 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Apparatus and methods for generating non-interfering electromagnetic waves on an insulated transmission medium |
US9722318B2 (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2017-08-01 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Method and apparatus for coupling an antenna to a device |
US10148016B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2018-12-04 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Apparatus and methods for communicating utilizing an antenna array |
US10170840B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-01-01 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Apparatus and methods for sending or receiving electromagnetic signals |
US10341142B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-07-02 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Apparatus and methods for generating non-interfering electromagnetic waves on an uninsulated conductor |
US10129057B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2018-11-13 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Apparatus and methods for inducing electromagnetic waves on a cable |
US9628116B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2017-04-18 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Apparatus and methods for transmitting wireless signals |
US10511346B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2019-12-17 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Apparatus and methods for inducing electromagnetic waves on an uninsulated conductor |
US10033108B2 (en) | 2015-07-14 | 2018-07-24 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Apparatus and methods for generating an electromagnetic wave having a wave mode that mitigates interference |
JP6530814B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-20 | 2019-06-12 | 古野電気株式会社 | アレイアンテナ |
US10381750B2 (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2019-08-13 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Electronic device |
FR3089539B1 (fr) * | 2018-12-10 | 2021-04-09 | Continental Automotive France | Poignée de portière avec des moyens de réduction d’un rayonnement en communication ultra haute fréquence |
WO2024114879A1 (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-06-06 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Multiband array antenna and multilayer phase shifter |
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2007
- 2007-10-05 DE DE102007047741A patent/DE102007047741B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-09-25 WO PCT/EP2008/008159 patent/WO2009046886A1/de active Application Filing
- 2008-09-25 CN CN200880109846.1A patent/CN101816101B/zh active Active
- 2008-09-25 IN IN858KON2010 patent/IN2010KN00858A/en unknown
- 2008-09-25 EP EP08802623A patent/EP2168211B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-09-25 US US12/681,678 patent/US9531083B2/en active Active
- 2008-09-25 AT AT08802623T patent/ATE536646T1/de active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9531083B2 (en) | 2016-12-27 |
CN101816101B (zh) | 2016-08-10 |
DE102007047741A1 (de) | 2009-04-09 |
US20120098726A1 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
EP2168211B1 (de) | 2011-12-07 |
CN101816101A (zh) | 2010-08-25 |
ATE536646T1 (de) | 2011-12-15 |
WO2009046886A1 (de) | 2009-04-16 |
IN2010KN00858A (de) | 2015-08-28 |
DE102007047741B4 (de) | 2010-05-12 |
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