EP2162612B1 - Two-part piston for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Two-part piston for an internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2162612B1 EP2162612B1 EP08758195.5A EP08758195A EP2162612B1 EP 2162612 B1 EP2162612 B1 EP 2162612B1 EP 08758195 A EP08758195 A EP 08758195A EP 2162612 B1 EP2162612 B1 EP 2162612B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- shaft
- cooling channel
- piston head
- channel cover
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/0015—Multi-part pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/16—Pistons having cooling means
- F02F3/20—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
- F02F3/22—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
Definitions
- the invention relates to a two-part piston for an internal combustion engine consisting of an upper part and a lower part, with a piston crown formed by the upper part and a radially outwardly formed on the piston crown ring portion, with two lower part formed, opposite shaft elements and two opposing pin bosses that connect the shaft elements together.
- a two-piece piston for an internal combustion engine which consists of an upper part and a lower part.
- the piston has radially outside and close to the piston head to a circumferential cooling channel, the piston crown side of the upper part and the shaft side is closed by a cooling channel cover, which is part of the lower part.
- a cooling channel cover which is part of the lower part.
- two mutually opposite shaft elements are integrally formed on the cooling channel cover, which are connected to each other via two mutually opposite pin bosses, wherein the pin bosses are integrally formed via a respective hub connection to the cooling channel cover.
- German patent application DE 10 2004 057 624 A1 is a two-part, made entirely of steel, screwed piston known which has a piston near the bottom and radially outer, annular cooling channel, which is closed in a complex manner by a separate cover plate.
- the object of the present invention is to reduce the weight of two-piece pistons, in particular those produced for commercial vehicles, without reducing their strength.
- FIG. 1 shows a sectional view of a consisting of an upper part and a lower part, two-part cooling channel piston with recesses between the lower cooling channel cover and the upper portion of the shaft elements and in the hub connections.
- the piston 1 shown in section in the figure consists of an upper part 2 and a lower part 3.
- the upper part 2 forms the piston head 4, in which a combustion bowl 5 is formed.
- Radially outward, the piston 1 near the piston head 4 has a circumferential ring portion 6 with grooves 7, 7 ', 8 for receiving in the figure unillustrated piston rings, wherein the grooves 7, 7' are formed in the upper part 2 of the piston 1.
- the piston head side limits the upper part 2 a closed, radially outer circumferential cooling channel 9, which is closed on the piston bottom side facing away from a cooling channel cover 10, which is part of the lower part 3, and an opening 11 for introducing cooling oil into the cooling channel 9 and another, In the figure, not shown opening for discharging cooling oil from the cooling channel 9 has.
- an upwardly directed collar 25 is formed for receiving a ⁇ labstreifringes not shown in the figure.
- the lower part 3 further comprises two mutually opposite shaft elements 12, 13, of which the right half section of the sectional image, which is parallel to the pressure-counterpressure direction of the piston 1, which shows a shaft member 12 in section, and of which the left half section of the sectional image, which is perpendicular to the sectional plane of the right half section, the other shaft member 13 shows in plan view.
- the shaft elements 12, 13 are connected via a respective shaft connection 14, 15 with the lower cooling channel cover 10.
- the shaft elements 12, 13 are connected to one another via two pin bosses 16, 17, which are opposite one another and are each integrally formed on the cooling channel cover 10 via a respective hub connection 18, 19.
- the shaft connections 14, 15 pass seamlessly into the hub connections 18, 19.
- the piston 1 has a recess 20
- the piston bottom side of the cooling channel cover 10 and the shaft side of the shank connections 14, 15 is limited
- the undersides of the shank connections 14, 15 with the tops of the shaft elements 12, 13 and the upper sides of the shaft connections 14, 15 are connected to the radially inner region of the cooling channel cover 10.
- the shaft connections 14, 15 in the region of the shaft elements 12, 13 are at least approximately frusto-conical and form in this area with the piston axis 23 an angle ⁇ of approximately 45 °.
- the maximum axial dimension h of the recesses 20 between the upper side of the shaft elements 12, 13 and the underside of the ring section 6 corresponds approximately to the dimension between the underside of the ring section 6 and the surface of the piston crown 4.
- the upper part 2 and the lower part 3 of the piston 1 can be made of cast iron, steel or light metal, such as aluminum or magnesium. It is advantageous, the combustion gases directly exposed shell 2 made of steel and the lower part 3 for the purpose of weight savings To produce aluminum.
- the upper part 2 and the lower part 3 can be connected via the annular contact regions 21 and 22 by means of a welding process, such as the friction welding process, or by means of the brazing process. It is also possible to screw the upper part 2 with the lower part 3.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen zweiteiligen Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor bestehend aus einem Oberteil und einem damit verbundenen Unterteil, mit einem vom Oberteil gebildeten Kolbenboden und einer radial außen an den Kolbenboden angeformten Ringpartie, mit zwei vom Unterteil gebildeten, einander gegenüberliegende Schaftelemente und mit zwei einander gegenüberliegende Bolzennaben, die die Schaftelemente miteinander verbinden.The invention relates to a two-part piston for an internal combustion engine consisting of an upper part and a lower part, with a piston crown formed by the upper part and a radially outwardly formed on the piston crown ring portion, with two lower part formed, opposite shaft elements and two opposing pin bosses that connect the shaft elements together.
Aus der US-Patentschrift
Aus der Deutschen Patentanmeldung
Aus der internationalen Patentanmeldung
Aus einem Ober- und einem Unterteil bestehende Kolben werden üblicherweise für Nutzkraftfahrzeuge hergestellt. Diese Kolben weisen deshalb in der Regel relativ große Abmessungen und damit ein relativ großes Gewicht auf.From an upper and a lower part existing pistons are usually made for commercial vehicles. Therefore, these pistons usually have relatively large dimensions and thus a relatively large weight.
Hiervon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, das Gewicht zweiteiliger und insbesondere für Nutzkraftfahrzeuge hergestellter Kolben zu reduzieren, ohne deren Festigkeit zu verringern.Proceeding from this, the object of the present invention is to reduce the weight of two-piece pistons, in particular those produced for commercial vehicles, without reducing their strength.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe mit den im Kennzeichen des Hauptanspruches stehenden Merkmalen. Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This problem is solved with the features in the characterizing part of the main claim. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.
Hierbei werden wegen der Ausnehmungen Teile der Schaftanbindung nach radial innen verlegt, wodurch wegen des geringeren Radius dieser Teile deren Masse und damit deren Gewicht reduziert wird. Dadurch, dass die Schaftanbindungen kolbenbodenseitig mit dem radial inneren Bereich der Kühlkanalabdeckung verbunden ist, bleibt die Festigkeit des Kolbens erhalten, und werden Sekundärbewegungen des Kolbens weitgehend vermieden.Here are due to the recesses parts of the shank connection moved radially inward, which is reduced because of the smaller radius of these parts their mass and thus their weight. Because the shaft connections are connected on the piston bottom side to the radially inner region of the cooling channel cover, the strength of the piston is maintained, and secondary movements of the piston are largely avoided.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Sie zeigt ein Schnittbild eines aus einem Oberteil und einem Unterteil bestehenden, zweiteiligen Kühlkanalkolbens mit Ausnehmungen zwischen der unteren Kühlkanalabdeckung und dem oberen Bereich der Schaftelemente und im Bereich der Nabenanbindungen.An embodiment of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawing. It shows a sectional view of a consisting of an upper part and a lower part, two-part cooling channel piston with recesses between the lower cooling channel cover and the upper portion of the shaft elements and in the hub connections.
Der in der Figur im Schnitt dargestellt Kolben 1 besteht aus einem Oberteil 2 und einem Unterteil 3. Das Oberteil 2 bildet den Kolbenboden 4, in den eine Verbrennungsmulde 5 eingeformt ist. Radial außen weist der Kolben 1 nahe dem Kolbenboden 4 eine umlaufende Ringpartie 6 mit Nuten 7, 7', 8 zur Aufnahme in der Figur nicht dargestellter Kolbenringe auf, wobei die Nuten 7, 7' in das Oberteil 2 des Kolbens 1 eingeformt sind.The
Kolbenbodenseitig begrenzt das Oberteil 2 einen geschlossenen, radial außen umlaufenden Kühlkanal 9, der auf der kolbenbodenabgewandten Unterseite von einer Kühlkanalabdeckung 10 verschlossen wird, die Teil des Unterteiles 3 ist, und die eine Öffnung 11 zum Einleiten von Kühlöl in den Kühlkanal 9 und eine weitere, in der Figur nicht dargestellte Öffnung zum Ausleiten von Kühlöl aus dem Kühlkanal 9 aufweist. An die Kühlkanalabdeckung 10 ist kolbenbodenseitig, radial außen ein nach oben gerichteter Kragen 25 angeformt, in den radial außen die Nut 8 der Ringpartie 6 zur Aufnahme eines in der Figur nicht dargestellten Ölabstreifringes eingeformt ist.The piston head side limits the upper part 2 a closed, radially outer circumferential cooling channel 9, which is closed on the piston bottom side facing away from a
Das Unterteil 3 weist weiterhin zwei einander gegenüberliegende Schaftelemente 12, 13 auf, von denen der rechte Halbschnitt des Schnittbildes, der parallel zur Druck-Gegendruckrichtung des Kolbens 1 liegt, das eine Schaftelement 12 im Schnitt zeigt, und von denen der linke Halbschnitt des Schnittbildes, der senkrecht zur Schnittebene des rechten Halbschnittes liegt, das andere Schaftelement 13 in Draufsicht zeigt.The
Die Schaftelemente 12, 13 sind über je eine Schaftanbindung 14, 15 mit der unteren Kühlkanalabdeckung 10 verbunden. Die Schaftelemente 12, 13 sind über zwei einander gegenüberliegende und über je eine Nabenanbindung 18, 19 an die Kühlkanalabdeckung 10 angeformte Bolzennaben 16, 17 miteinander verbunden. Über den Umfang des Kolbens 1 betrachtet gehen hierbei die Schaftanbindungen 14, 15 lückenlos in die Nabenanbindungen 18, 19 über.The
Zwischen jedem der Schaftelementen 12, 13 und der Ringpartie 6 weist der Kolben 1 eine Ausnehmung 20 auf, die kolbenbodenseitig von der Kühlkanalabdeckung 10 und schaftseitig von den Schaftanbindungen 14, 15 begrenzt wird, wobei die Unterseiten der Schaftanbindungen 14, 15 mit den Oberseiten der Schaftelementen 12, 13 und die Oberseiten der Schaftanbindungen 14, 15 mit dem radial inneren Bereich der Kühlkanalabdeckung 10 verbunden sind. Hierdurch ergibt sich, dass die Schaftanbindungen 14, 15 im Bereich der Schaftelemente 12, 13 zumindest näherungsweise kegelstumpfförmig ausgebildet sind und in diesem Bereich mit der Kolbenachse 23 einen Winkel α von näherungsweise 45° bilden. Die maximale axiale Abmessung h der Ausnehmungen 20 zwischen der Oberseite der Schaftelemente 12, 13 und der Unterseite der Ringpartie 6 entspricht näherungsweise der Abmessung zwischen der Unterseite der Ringpartie 6 und der Oberfläche des Kolbenbodens 4.Between each of the
Weiterhin sind radial außen in die Nabenanbindungen 18, 19 im Schnitt kreissegmentförmige Ausnehmungen 24 eingeformt, die stetig in die im Bereich der Schaftelemente 12, 13 angeordnete Ausnehmungen 20 übergehen. Die Ausnehmungen 20 führen zu einer weiteren Reduktion des Kolbengewichtes.Furthermore, radially in the
Hergestellt werden können das Oberteil 2 und das Unterteil 3 des Kolbens 1 aus Gusseisen, aus Stahl oder aus Leichtmetall, wie beispielsweise aus Aluminium oder aus Magnesium. Vorteilhaft ist es, das den Verbrennungsgasen direkt ausgesetzte Oberteil 2 aus Stahl und das Unterteil 3 zum Zweck der Gewichtsersparnis aus Aluminium herzustellen. Verbunden werden können das Oberteil 2 und das Unterteil 3 über die ringförmigen Kontaktbereiche 21 und 22 mit Hilfe eines Schweißverfahrens, wie beispielsweise des Reibschweißverfahrens, oder mit Hilfe des Hartlötverfahrens. Möglich ist auch, das Oberteil 2 mit dem Unterteil 3 zu verschrauben.The
- hH
- axiale Abmessungaxial dimension
- 11
- Kolbenpiston
- 22
-
Oberteil des Kolbens 1Upper part of the
piston 1 - 33
-
Unterteil des Kolbens 1Lower part of the
piston 1 - 44
- Kolbenbodenpiston crown
- 55
- Verbrennungsmuldecombustion bowl
- 66
- Ringpartiering belt
- 7, 7',7, 7 ',
- 8 Nut8 groove
- 99
- Kühlkanalcooling channel
- 1010
- KühlkanalabdeckungCooling channel cover
- 1111
- Öffnungopening
- 12, 1312, 13
- Schaftelementshaft element
- 14, 1514, 15
- Schaftanbindungskirt connection
- 16, 1716, 17
- Bolzennabepin boss
- 18, 1918, 19
- Nabenanbindunghub connection
- 2020
- Ausnehmungrecess
- 21, 2221, 22
- Kontaktbereichcontact area
- 2323
- Kolbenachsepiston axis
- 2424
- Ausnehmungrecess
- 2525
- Kragencollar
Claims (4)
- A two-piece piston (1) for an internal combustion engine,- comprising a top part (2) and a bottom part (3) connected thereto,- having a piston head (4) formed from the top part (2) and an annular part (6) molded onto the piston head (4) radially to the outside,- having a circumferential closed cooling channel (9) arranged radially to the outside and near the piston head (4),- wherein the upper region of the cooling channel (4) facing the piston head is delimited exclusively by the upper part (2),- wherein the cooling channel (4) is sealed on its bottom by a cooling channel cover (10) that is part of the bottom part (3),- having two mutually opposing shaft elements (12, 13) that are connected to the cooling channel cover (10) via one shaft connector (14, 15) each,- having 2 mutually opposing pin bosses (16, 17) that connect the shaft elements (12, 13) to one another and that are connected to the cooling channel cover (10) via one boss connector (18, 19) each,- wherein, seen over the circumference of the piston (1), the shaft connectors (14, 15) transition uninterruptedly into the boss connectors (18, 19),- and having recesses (20), running circumferentially in the region of the shaft elements (12, 13), that are delimited on the piston head side by the cooling channel cover (10) and on the shaft side by the shaft connectors (14, 15), wherein the shaft connectors (14, 15) on the piston head side transition integrally into the radially inner region of the cooling channel cover (10) and on the shaft side into the upper regions of the shaft elements (12, 13),characterized by
an upward oriented collar (25) molded to the cooling channel cover (10) on the piston head side and radially to the outside and in which a groove (8) is molded radially to the outside for receiving an oil control ring. - The piston (1) according to claim 1, characterized by recesses (24) that are circumferential in the region of the boss connectors (18, 19) and that have a cross-section that is the segment of a circle and that transition continuously to the recesses (20) arranged in the region of the shaft elements (12, 13).
- The piston (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shaft connectors (14, 15) in the region of the shaft elements (12, 13) are embodied at least approximately in the shape of a truncated cone and with the piston axis (23) form an angle of approximately 45°angle in these regions.
- The piston (1) according to any of claims 1 through 3, characterized in that the maximum axial dimension "h" of the recesses (20) between the top side of the shaft elements (12, 13) and the bottom side of the annular part (6) is approximately equal to the dimension between the bottom side of the annular part (6) and the surface of the piston head (4).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007027162A DE102007027162A1 (en) | 2007-06-13 | 2007-06-13 | Two-piece piston for an internal combustion engine |
PCT/DE2008/001014 WO2008151620A1 (en) | 2007-06-13 | 2008-06-12 | Two-part piston for an internal combustion engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2162612A1 EP2162612A1 (en) | 2010-03-17 |
EP2162612B1 true EP2162612B1 (en) | 2018-08-08 |
Family
ID=39800530
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08758195.5A Not-in-force EP2162612B1 (en) | 2007-06-13 | 2008-06-12 | Two-part piston for an internal combustion engine |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7762178B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2162612B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010529357A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20100021599A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101680394A (en) |
DE (1) | DE102007027162A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008151620A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008045456A1 (en) * | 2008-09-02 | 2010-03-04 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston for an internal combustion engine |
DE102008062219A1 (en) * | 2008-12-13 | 2010-06-17 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston for an internal combustion engine |
DE102009032941A1 (en) * | 2009-07-14 | 2011-01-20 | Mahle International Gmbh | Multi-part piston for an internal combustion engine and method for its production |
US8807109B2 (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2014-08-19 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Steel piston with cooling gallery and method of construction thereof |
WO2011097205A2 (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2011-08-11 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Piston with central cooling gallery cooling feature |
DE102010033882A1 (en) * | 2010-08-10 | 2012-02-16 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston for an internal combustion engine |
DE102011013139A1 (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-06 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston for an internal combustion engine |
US8347843B1 (en) | 2011-03-25 | 2013-01-08 | Batiz-Vergara Jose A | Piston for internal combustion engine |
US10753310B2 (en) * | 2012-02-10 | 2020-08-25 | Tenneco Inc. | Piston with enhanced cooling gallery |
DE102012014194A1 (en) * | 2012-07-18 | 2014-01-23 | Mahle International Gmbh | Method for producing a piston |
US9127619B2 (en) * | 2012-11-02 | 2015-09-08 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Piston with a cooling gallery partially filled with a thermally conductive metal-containing composition |
US20150337959A1 (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2015-11-26 | Federal-Mogul Corporation | Piston with keystone second ring groove for high temperature internal combustion engines |
DE102016221352A1 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-03 | Mahle International Gmbh | Method for producing a piston |
DE102016221353A1 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-03 | Mahle International Gmbh | Internal combustion engine |
DE102018203226A1 (en) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-05 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Piston for an internal combustion engine |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7946216B2 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2011-05-24 | Mahle International Gmbh | Two-part piston for an internal combustion engine |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19846152A1 (en) * | 1998-10-07 | 2000-04-13 | Mahle Gmbh | Piston with piston base made of forged steel and a cooling channel |
US6327962B1 (en) * | 1999-08-16 | 2001-12-11 | Caterpillar Inc. | One piece piston with supporting piston skirt |
JP2003025076A (en) * | 2001-07-09 | 2003-01-28 | Riken Tanzou Kk | Method for producing piston of internal combustion engine |
US6539910B1 (en) * | 2001-09-19 | 2003-04-01 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Closed gallery piston having con rod lubrication |
US6557514B1 (en) | 2001-10-23 | 2003-05-06 | Federal-Mogul World Wide, Inc. | Closed gallery monobloc piston having oil drainage groove |
DE10244512A1 (en) * | 2002-09-25 | 2004-04-15 | Mahle Gmbh | Multi-part cooled piston for an internal combustion engine |
DE10325914B4 (en) | 2003-06-07 | 2012-08-02 | Mahle Gmbh | Piston for an internal combustion engine |
DE10326456A1 (en) * | 2003-06-12 | 2004-12-30 | Mahle Gmbh | Pistons for an internal combustion engine |
DE10346819A1 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-04-21 | Mahle Gmbh | One-piece piston for an internal combustion engine |
DE10346822A1 (en) * | 2003-10-06 | 2005-04-21 | Mahle Gmbh | Piston for an internal combustion engine |
DE102004057624A1 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston for internal combustion engine, has cooling duct which is closed by cooling duct cover that is provided with tongue in radial inner zone, where tongue engages into recess that is molded into bottom part of piston |
DE102005044597A1 (en) | 2005-09-17 | 2007-03-29 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston for an internal combustion engine |
-
2007
- 2007-06-13 DE DE102007027162A patent/DE102007027162A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-12-14 US US12/002,113 patent/US7762178B2/en active Active
-
2008
- 2008-06-12 JP JP2010511489A patent/JP2010529357A/en active Pending
- 2008-06-12 KR KR1020097026008A patent/KR20100021599A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-12 CN CN200880019813A patent/CN101680394A/en active Pending
- 2008-06-12 WO PCT/DE2008/001014 patent/WO2008151620A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-06-12 EP EP08758195.5A patent/EP2162612B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7946216B2 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2011-05-24 | Mahle International Gmbh | Two-part piston for an internal combustion engine |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR20100021599A (en) | 2010-02-25 |
JP2010529357A (en) | 2010-08-26 |
EP2162612A1 (en) | 2010-03-17 |
CN101680394A (en) | 2010-03-24 |
DE102007027162A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
US7762178B2 (en) | 2010-07-27 |
US20080307958A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
WO2008151620A1 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
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