EP2158458A1 - Procédé et dispositif de détection d'eau dans une structure alvéolaire - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif de détection d'eau dans une structure alvéolaireInfo
- Publication number
- EP2158458A1 EP2158458A1 EP08760380A EP08760380A EP2158458A1 EP 2158458 A1 EP2158458 A1 EP 2158458A1 EP 08760380 A EP08760380 A EP 08760380A EP 08760380 A EP08760380 A EP 08760380A EP 2158458 A1 EP2158458 A1 EP 2158458A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wave
- frequency
- liquid
- excitation
- reflected
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
- G01N22/04—Investigating moisture content
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of non-destructive testing of structures.
- the invention relates to the detection and localization of liquids in internal cavities of structures.
- Such structural parts take very varied shapes and compositions of which one of the most well-known forms corresponds to honeycomb cellular core sandwich structures.
- a honeycomb core sandwich structure as shown in section in FIG. 1, generally comprises a core 2 formed of hollow cells 12, a priori containing air, having on each of its faces a lower face and a face superior, a coating, respectively 4, 3, solid and resistant.
- This type of structure because of its very favorable stiffness-resistance / weight ratio is particularly used in aeronautical constructions.
- the coatings 3, 4 of the sandwich structure are made of composite materials comprising fibers, fiberglass, aramid, carbon ..., held in a hardened resin and the cells hollow portions 12 of the alveolar core 2 are formed by means of walls made of a shaped sheet material to delimit the cells in the form of a most often regular network.
- this network consists of cells of hexagonal sections, the expression "honeycomb" is generally used.
- each cell constitutes a substantially closed and sealed cavity.
- a disadvantage of this type of structures is that the hollow cells are likely to fill more or less water, without this water can escape naturally, which has the effect on the one hand unnecessarily weigh down the structure, whose low mass is sought, and on the other hand to reduce by various physico-chemical actions the strength of the structure by altering the proper mechanical properties of the materials involved in the realization of the structure or by altering the quality of the structures. connections between the different assembled elements, in particular between the honeycomb material and the coatings.
- Ultrasound methods based on this principle are particularly well suited to dense and continuous environments.
- the transmission of the acoustic wave is difficult and does not discriminate with precision necessary the presence of liquid.
- thermography of a part subjected to temperature variations.
- the zones corresponding to a presence of water change in temperature less rapidly than the zones without water because of the differences in thermal inertia between the water and the materials of the room, an image in thermography being able to detect the differences in surface temperatures and therefore in areas containing water.
- the presence of water in the cells is detected by means of electromagnetic microwaves whose propagation is modified in the presence of water.
- the carbon of the coatings induces high losses and the signal-to-noise ratio is extremely unfavorable to the detection.
- the coating is electrically conductive and prevents any dielectric type measurement.
- the solution described in the patent published under the number FR2880424 describes a detection system using electromagnetic microwaves having antennas placed in the cellular material of a sandwich panel between the two coatings.
- This solution which is applicable in the case of carbon fiber coatings, however, requires modifying the parts to install the antennas which leads to more complex, more fragile and heavier parts, and which makes the solution difficult to use on the many existing parts or parts that would not have been provided with these antennas during their manufacture for reasons of cost or other reasons.
- the presence of a bronze grid prevents any type of measurement of the level of fluid in the cavities by a radar device (in the field of radio frequencies, microwaves, and millimeters) because the bronze mesh reflects a much of the radio wave in these frequency domains.
- a radar device in the field of radio frequencies, microwaves, and millimeters
- the present invention specifically aims to overcome the difficulties encountered by the prior art of detecting a liquid in cavities of a structure by coupling a vibration excitation of the structure in the acoustic field with an electromagnetic detection of the vibratory response of the structure.
- a reflected electromagnetic wave reflection of the incident wave on elements of the structure, is analyzed to deduce the presence or absence of liquid in cavities, the reflected wave having modified characteristics depending on whether liquid is present. or not in cavities.
- a component of the excitation wave is generated by a substantially sinusoidal vibratory excitation of frequency fm, preferably of the acoustic domain, capable of triggering an induced oscillation of the surface of the liquid in a cavity at a subharmonic frequency of the excitation frequency fm.
- a component of the excitation wave is also generated by a vibratory excitation of frequency fm2 offset with respect to the frequency fm, which makes it possible to create on the surface of the liquid a stationary wave pattern and increases the vibratory response of the liquid with respect to the response of the structure.
- the frequency of one of the components of the excitation wave is modulated and more particularly is modulated by white or pseudo-white noise.
- the method makes it possible, with a high signal-to-noise ratio, to deduce the presence of liquid from the detection of predefined spectral lines in the spectrum of the reflected wave.
- the presence of liquid is deduced from the detection of at least one predefined spectral line in the spectrum of the reflected wave corresponding to a subharmonic of frequency fm / 2 and or fm2 / 2 of an excitation frequency. fm and or fm2 respectively.
- a device adapted to implement the method for detecting the presence of liquid in a cavity of a structure comprises:
- first generation means in the structure of at least one vibrational mechanical excitation wave
- fourth processing and / or display means capable of highlighting the presence in a spectrum of the reflected wave of at least one spectral line characteristic of a wave induced on a surface of a liquid contained in a cavity of the structure by the mechanical excitation wave.
- the probe comprises a torus using a piezoelectric technology able to vibrate mechanically to create the mechanical excitation wave at a frequency fm or at a frequency fm and at a frequency fm2 offset compared to the frequency fm.
- the hollow part of the torus is exploited to arrange:
- Figure la a block diagram of the method of the invention and a device according to the invention
- FIG. 1a an illustration of an example of reflected wave spectrum observed in a structure in the absence of liquid with an assembly of the type of FIG. 1a, the frequencies corresponding to the abscissa scale and the power corresponding to the scale ordinates;
- Figure 2b an illustration under the same conditions as for the figure
- FIG. 2a of an example of reflected wave spectrum observed in a structure in the presence of liquid in a cavity, the frequencies corresponding to the abscissa scale and the power corresponding to the ordinate scale;
- Figure 3 an illustration of the spectrum of the reflected wave in the case of a dual frequency mounting corresponding to the diagram of Figure Ib;
- Figure 4 an illustration of the spectrum of the reflected wave in the case of a two-frequency circuit corresponding to the diagram of Figure Ib in which one of the frequencies is modulated;
- Figure 5 a schematic illustration of a probe grouping acoustic and radar functions for a device according to the invention.
- the present invention applies to the detection of the presence of a liquid 11, for example water, in a structure 1 comprising at least one cavity 12.
- said structure comprising at least one cavity is represented by a structure 1 of a panel, substantially plane to the scale of a zone considered, having a cellular core 2 and coatings, an upper coating 3 and a lower coating 4, on the faces of the cellular core 2.
- Each cell 12 of the core closed at its ends by the upper and lower coatings, is a cavity.
- the panel 1 comprises in practice a multitude of cavities 12 which makes the problem of the detection of a liquid in certain cavities more complex in practice since it is then necessary to locate the cavity (s) in which ) the liquid is present.
- a panel having such a structure in which the cells have regular hexagonal sections is generally referred to as a honeycomb core sandwich panel.
- the coatings 3, 4 of the panel considered are made of a composite material formed of fibers held in a hardened resin, for example glass fibers or carbon fibers held by a polymerized aramid resin, and the walls forming the cells of the honeycomb are made of a composite material, a priori less expensive than the materials based on carbon fibers, for example based on glass fibers or based on thin sheets of an organic material.
- the structure 1 to be inspected having multiple cavities 12, some of which may contain a liquid 11, is excited mechanically vibration.
- the mechanical excitation is preferably performed by means of a sinusoidal excitation of frequency fm belonging to the field of acoustic frequencies.
- the mechanical excitation of the structure 1 to be inspected is carried out in such a way that an acoustic wave 14, called the excitation wave, propagates in the structure 1.
- the excitation wave 14 When the excitation wave 14 reaches a cell 12 containing a liquid 11, for example water in liquid form, said wave creates at the level of the free surface of the water by a non-linear effect a new wave 16, so-called induced wave, also known as the Faraday wave.
- a liquid 11 for example water in liquid form
- the induced wave 16 is mainly a sub-harmonic Vi of the excitation wave, that is to say that said induced wave is a frequency wave f / n / 2 that only fluid phenomena can generate.
- the structure 1, in an area in which the presence of liquid is sought, is subjected to an electromagnetic wave 17.
- the electromagnetic wave 17 is preferably a radar wave maintained the type of waves generated by means of a radar CW (continous waves).
- the electromagnetic wave 17, called the incident wave is chosen with a frequency adapted to the materials used in the composition of the honeycomb structure and in particular as a function of the material of the coating lying between the source of the electromagnetic wave and the possible liquid in front of be detected, so that said coating introduces only an attenuation reasonable, for example ⁇ 120 dB.
- the honeycomb structure 1 when the honeycomb structure 1 is covered, on a face crossed by the incident wave 17 and / or a reflected wave to be observed, with electromagnetic protection, for example a conductive wire, it will be taken care in the choice of the frequency of the incident wave 17 to avoid that said incident frequency, and also expected frequencies of a reflected wave, correspond to a forbidden frequency band for which the attenuation would be maximum.
- electromagnetic protection for example a conductive wire
- the choice of the frequency of the incident wave further results from a compromise between, on the one hand, the maintenance of the losses in the materials of the structure 1 to an acceptable level for the measurement means implemented, the losses, which depend on the material, increasing as the frequency increases, and on the other hand a desired spatial sensitivity, the resolution being better when the frequency is increased.
- the incident wave 17 is reflected by the various elements present on its path and in particular by the free surface of the liquid possibly present in a cell to form a reflected wave 18, modulated by the mechanical vibrations of said different elements.
- the wave reflected 18 by the surface of said liquid, subjected to the frequency of the mechanical excitation fm is modulated not only by the vibrations of the structure related to the wave excitation 14 at the frequency fm, ie vibrations of frequencies fm and multiple harmonics of fm, but also by those related to the induced wave
- a processing of a measurement of the reflected wave 18 makes it possible to extract a signal useful for identifying a presence or absence of liquid in the cell or cells subjected to the incident wave 17.
- This processing includes an analysis of the baseband spectrum of the reflected electromagnetic wave 18 to detect a possible subharmonic of the excitation frequency.
- An advantage of the process lies in the fact that, on the one hand, the electromagnetic wave, unlike the acoustic waves, is insensitive to the presence of acoustic gaps characteristic of the cellular materials, and that on the other hand the consequences of the original excitation at the frequency fm, as well as higher order harmonics (2, 3, 4 7) due to the nonlinearities inside the solids constituting the structure, can be filtered efficiently because they are clearly separated in the spectrum of the sought frequencies of the induced wave.
- the following equations illustrate how the reflected wave 18 is influenced by the presence of a liquid in a cell.
- the incident wave 17 is characterized by an emitted electromagnetic signal e (t), for example a sinusoidal signal of frequency fe and amplitude Ee, the signal is expressed:
- the reflected wave 18 is characterized by a signal s (t).
- the signal s Q (t) reflected by a stationary object corresponds to the signal e (t) transmitted out of phase as a function of the electrical distance to the object T 1 is:
- the received signal is of the form:
- This expression corresponds to a symmetrical line spectrum centered on the frequency fe.
- Each line is spaced from a neighboring line by a frequency fm.
- the signal will be a priori reflected several times, in particular at the cavities.
- the spectrum of this signal corresponds again to a line spectrum symmetrical and centered on the frequency fe each line of which is spaced from a neighboring line by a distance fm.
- the signal corresponding to the reflected wave contains a new term, related to the presence of the induced wave 16 on the surface of the liquid 11, of the form:
- the spectrum of this signal corresponds to a line spectrum symmetrical and centered on the frequency fe, each line of which is spaced from a neighboring line by a distance fm / 2.
- FIG. 2a illustrates an example of a spectrum observed experimentally in the absence of a liquid in the cells and that of FIG. 2b an example of a spectrum in the presence of water in cells of a panel of a sandwich structure Honeycomb.
- the structure 1 in order to improve the sensitivity of the liquid detection, the structure 1 is excited in mechanical vibration by means of two frequencies, the frequency fm and a second frequency fm2, said two frequencies being close to one another.
- the frequency fm the frequency of a surface of a liquid using two frequencies.
- the mechanical excitation at the frequency fm2 generates a wave 42 which propagates in the material 1 and which interferes with the mechanical excitation wave 14 at the frequency fm to create an interference network on the surface of the liquid 11 when a cell 12 contains such a liquid.
- the mechanical excitation signal corresponding to the frequency fm2 may correspond to a pure or modulated sinusoidal signal.
- FIG. 3 schematizes in this case a spectrum received in baseband by the electromagnetic sensor.
- the excitation signal corresponding to the frequency fm2 is modulated by white or pseudo-white noise (M-sequence) making it possible to use autocorrelated signal processing methods which make it possible to improve the signal-to-signal ratio. noise.
- M-sequence white or pseudo-white noise
- the modulation by an M-sequence is able to excite non-linear modes of the structure or the fluid (parasite phenomenon of the mixing type). Nevertheless, if the mechanical excitation frequencies are chosen so that said frequencies are close to each other, that is to say that f 2 fm / 2, the bands due to the mixing of the frequencies do not cover the harmonic Vi 1 which makes it possible to determine the acoustic transfer function of the material around the harmonic Vi.
- the parasitic properties of the mixing type will advantageously be used to determine the mechanical properties, that is to say non-fluid, of the part.
- Figure 4 illustrates these phenomena by a schematic representation of a spectrum of mechanical frequencies of a part.
- a frequency 303 corresponds to the first mechanical vibration at the fine frequency, another frequency 302 to the second mechanical vibration at the frequency fm2 which is modulated by an M-sequence 301.
- a mixing product 305 characterized by +/- m * fml +/- n * fm2, gives the mechanical transfer function around the zero frequency. This is due to the fact that by mixing the white noise is transferred to the level of the zero frequency and undergoes a time convolution by the mechanical transfer function of the structure 1.
- the measured signal may under certain circumstances have spectral lines 308, 309 outside the spectrum directly related to the mechanical excitation.
- Such lines are due to the separation of small drops of the free surface of the liquid in the cavity, small drops whose kinetics is specific to each drop.
- Such lines 308, 309 are characteristic and are advantageously used to improve the detection of the presence of liquid.
- the analysis of the spectrum of the reflected wave 18 makes it possible to detect, because of the presence of certain lines 306, 307, 304, 305, 308 in said spectrum, the presence of a liquid 11 in cavities 12.
- fourth processing and display means capable of highlighting the presence in a spectrum of the reflected wave of at least one spectral line characteristic of an induced wave on a surface of a liquid contained in a cavity 12 of the structure 1 by the mechanical excitation wave 14, 42.
- the first means advantageously comprise an actuator 10 in contact with said structure.
- the actuator 10 is powered by a power source 13 preferably delivering a sinusoidal signal at the frequency fm, said frequency belonging preferably to the field of acoustic frequencies.
- said first means When the first means furthermore generate an excitation wave at the frequency fm2, different from fm, which can be modulated, said first means advantageously comprise a second actuator 40 in contact with the structure 1 supplied by a generator 41 delivering the signal to the frequency fm2.
- Such actuators 10, 40 are advantageously made in a known manner using piezoelectric technologies and are powered by voltage sources corresponding to the excitation signals applied to the structure.
- the actuators 10, 40 are excited in continuous mode to maintain the induced waves 16 whose damping is fast.
- the second means for generating the incident electromagnetic wave 17 essentially comprise a frequency generator 22 of the radio frequency domain and an antenna 21 which is arranged to radiate towards the zone of the structure 1 to be analyzed, a priori in the vicinity of the actuators 10, 40 producing the wave 14, 42 of mechanical excitation.
- the demodulation means 19 of the reflected electromagnetic wave 18 consists essentially of a simple self-oscillator mixer.
- the transmitting antenna 21 of the second means and the receiving antenna 15 of the third means are preferably directional, the same antenna being able to realize both the emission of the incident wave 17 and the reception of the wave thoughtful 18.
- the directivity of said second and third means makes it possible to define the zone of the structure 1 under investigation and thus to locate the location in said structure of the cavities 12 containing a liquid 11 when the presence of liquid is detected.
- the fourth means 20 consist of any means of processing the spectrum of the reflected electromagnetic wave 18 making it possible to highlight one of the phenomena signifying with a high probability the presence of a liquid 11 in a cavity 12 of the structure 1. With minimal information processing, the spectrum is presented in a graphical form that allows an experienced operator to interpret the different spectral lines in the context of an ongoing investigation.
- the signal is processed, for example after sampling by a calculation unit, to allow automatic detection of lines in the spectrum of the reflected wave 18 significant of the presence of liquid in a cavity.
- a situation corresponding to a probable presence of liquid is indicated by a display, possibly associated with an audible signal to the attention of an operator, the display and or the audible signal being preferably modulated to give information on the quantity of liquid that may be present in the zone being measured by the device, such information being deducible from the relative intensities of the different lines of the spectrum of the reflected wave.
- means, not shown, for example a system for depositing an ink by micro-nozzles are associated with the device for depositing colored marks, for example a color ink which is contrasted with respect to the surface. of the structure and can be easily removed, on areas detected as containing liquid in cavities.
- a marking device thus makes it possible to explore, by means of the device, important surfaces of the structure without interrupting a search phase and in a subsequent treatment phase to be able to instantly identify the zones potentially containing liquid to produce locally. a more detailed examination and or perform the drainage operations usually required to remove the liquid from the structure.
- FIG. 5 A particularly advantageous form economically and operationally is shown in Figure 5 to achieve a compact probe 401, adapted to the device and the implementation of the method, capable of performing the functions of mechanical excitation, electromagnetic radiation and electromagnetic measurement.
- the compact probe 401 of the device comprises a not completely symmetrical torus 407 made in piezoelectric technology which is connected to frequency generators corresponding to the mechanical excitation frequencies fm and fm2 as previously seen. It is known that a torus made of piezoelectric materials supports two degenerate vibratory modes that is to say at the same frequency. This property is true only if the symmetry is perfect.
- a flyweight or a groove 408 is generally sufficient to break the symmetry of the torus 407.
- the antenna 402 used in transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves 17, 18.
- the antenna 402 is constituted for example by an open coaxial cable, as illustrated in FIG. 5, which is able to radiate in the frequency domain concerned. , a patch or resonant cavity (whether or not coupled with an iris) or any other suitable antenna;
- an electronics of the electromagnetic detection part 403 for example a self-oscillator mixer or an oscillator associated with a mixer;
- a device can therefore be made using a probe of reduced dimensions and masses that can be easily moved to the surface of a structure to detect the presence of liquid and in particular water in cavities of the structure.
- Said device is able to detect water in liquid form in panels, but not exclusively, honeycomb-core sandwich type having coatings based on carbon fiber, including through a metallization mesh when such a grid covers one of the coatings, generally on the side of the most accessible face of the panel.
- the device makes it possible to search for the presence of water not only in the workshop, but proves feasible with sufficiently small dimensions to be used without dismantling a part installed for example on an aircraft.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0755459A FR2917166B1 (fr) | 2007-06-05 | 2007-06-05 | Procede et dispositif de detection d'eau dans une structure alveolaire. |
PCT/EP2008/056796 WO2008148740A1 (fr) | 2007-06-05 | 2008-06-02 | Procédé et dispositif de détection d'eau dans une structure alvéolaire |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2158458A1 true EP2158458A1 (fr) | 2010-03-03 |
Family
ID=38992664
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08760380A Withdrawn EP2158458A1 (fr) | 2007-06-05 | 2008-06-02 | Procédé et dispositif de détection d'eau dans une structure alvéolaire |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8176785B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2158458A1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101755192B (fr) |
BR (1) | BRPI0812236A2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2690102A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2917166B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008148740A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (14)
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US8128561B1 (en) * | 2008-06-10 | 2012-03-06 | Intelligent Automation, Inc. | Hydration and composition measurement device and technique |
NO20100445A1 (no) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-27 | Fmc Kongsberg Subsea As | Fremgangsmate og anordning for a detektere et materiale mellom et foringsror og et lederror i en undersjoisk bronn |
JP5530327B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-06 | 2014-06-25 | 中村科学工業株式会社 | プラスチック材料の水分除去方法 |
JP5917534B2 (ja) * | 2010-10-25 | 2016-05-18 | ロッキード マーティン コーポレイションLockheed Martin Corporation | 浸水部材の遠隔探知 |
CN102141430B (zh) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-04-18 | 浙江大学 | 声波和电磁波协同无线测量样件谐振频率的方法和系统 |
CN102426035B (zh) * | 2011-11-21 | 2013-07-10 | 上海工程技术大学 | 一种多孔吸声材料静流阻率和曲折度的测试方法 |
GB201218931D0 (en) * | 2012-10-22 | 2012-12-05 | Isis Innovation | Investigation of physical properties of an object |
US10429351B2 (en) | 2013-11-08 | 2019-10-01 | Bombardier Inc. | Health monitoring of composite structures |
US10436625B2 (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2019-10-08 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Interferometric doppler radar and method for wave and water level measurement |
FR3071666B1 (fr) * | 2017-09-28 | 2021-12-24 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Structure alveolaire comprenant un dispositif de controle d'integrite et procede de controle d'une telle structure |
BR112020026098A2 (pt) | 2018-06-22 | 2021-03-23 | Bissell Inc. | dispositivo de limpeza de superfície, sistema de sensoriamento, e, método para operar um aparelho de limpeza. |
CN112147710B (zh) * | 2019-06-26 | 2022-02-18 | 上海微电子装备(集团)股份有限公司 | 一种湿法光胶装置的检测方法及检测装置 |
CN113390575B (zh) * | 2020-03-13 | 2022-08-12 | 宁波方太厨具有限公司 | 漏水检测方法、漏水检测装置及净水设备 |
CN112798078B (zh) * | 2020-12-21 | 2024-08-16 | 中控技术股份有限公司 | 一种雷达液位计伺服装置及测量方法 |
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JPS6224134A (ja) | 1985-07-24 | 1987-02-02 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | サンドイツチ構造板の接着層における浸透水の検出方法 |
US4899844A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1990-02-13 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Acoustical well logging method and apparatus |
JPH05188041A (ja) * | 1992-01-14 | 1993-07-27 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | 接着ハニカム構造体内部水滴検査方法及び装置 |
JP3251681B2 (ja) | 1992-12-26 | 2002-01-28 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
DE19646685A1 (de) | 1996-11-12 | 1998-05-14 | Heuft Systemtechnik Gmbh | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Parametern, z. B. Füllstand, Druck, Gaszusammensetzung in verschlossenen Behältern |
GB9708587D0 (en) * | 1997-04-29 | 1997-06-18 | Eastman Kodak Co | Device for electrochemical detection or measurement |
US7429354B2 (en) * | 2001-03-19 | 2008-09-30 | Gyros Patent Ab | Structural units that define fluidic functions |
US6677763B2 (en) * | 2001-05-23 | 2004-01-13 | D. J. Geisel Technology, Inc. | Material segregation, density, and moisture analyzing apparatus and method |
US20040183550A1 (en) * | 2002-08-13 | 2004-09-23 | Josef Fehrenbach | System for manufacturing a modularly structured apparatus for determining a physical process quantity, and standardized components |
JP4505629B2 (ja) * | 2004-01-19 | 2010-07-21 | 国立大学法人静岡大学 | 界面検出装置及び界面検出方法 |
WO2006064926A1 (fr) * | 2004-12-13 | 2006-06-22 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Contenant equipe d'un moyen de detection de liquide |
CN1295486C (zh) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-01-17 | 太原理工大学 | 线性调频雷达物位计非线性进化校正方法 |
FR2880424B1 (fr) * | 2004-12-30 | 2008-10-10 | Airbus France Sas | Systeme de detection, de quantification et/ou de localisation d'eau dans des structures sandwich d'aeronef et procedes de mise en oeuvre de ce systeme |
US20060198486A1 (en) * | 2005-03-04 | 2006-09-07 | Laberge Michel G | Pressure wave generator and controller for generating a pressure wave in a fusion reactor |
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2007
- 2007-06-05 FR FR0755459A patent/FR2917166B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-06-02 US US12/663,160 patent/US8176785B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-02 WO PCT/EP2008/056796 patent/WO2008148740A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-06-02 BR BRPI0812236-9A2A patent/BRPI0812236A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-06-02 CN CN200880025032XA patent/CN101755192B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-06-02 CA CA2690102A patent/CA2690102A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2008-06-02 EP EP08760380A patent/EP2158458A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2008148740A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0812236A2 (pt) | 2014-12-16 |
CN101755192A (zh) | 2010-06-23 |
FR2917166B1 (fr) | 2012-04-27 |
WO2008148740A1 (fr) | 2008-12-11 |
US20100162818A1 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
WO2008148740A9 (fr) | 2009-12-30 |
FR2917166A1 (fr) | 2008-12-12 |
US8176785B2 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
CA2690102A1 (fr) | 2008-12-11 |
CN101755192B (zh) | 2012-01-04 |
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