EP2149767A1 - Wärmepumpenvorrichtung - Google Patents

Wärmepumpenvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2149767A1
EP2149767A1 EP08425513A EP08425513A EP2149767A1 EP 2149767 A1 EP2149767 A1 EP 2149767A1 EP 08425513 A EP08425513 A EP 08425513A EP 08425513 A EP08425513 A EP 08425513A EP 2149767 A1 EP2149767 A1 EP 2149767A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat pump
pump device
electric heater
refrigerant medium
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08425513A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Diego Driussi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IMAT SpA
Original Assignee
IMAT SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IMAT SpA filed Critical IMAT SpA
Priority to EP08425513A priority Critical patent/EP2149767A1/de
Publication of EP2149767A1 publication Critical patent/EP2149767A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/06—Superheaters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06F—LAUNDERING, DRYING, IRONING, PRESSING OR FOLDING TEXTILE ARTICLES
    • D06F58/00—Domestic laundry dryers
    • D06F58/20—General details of domestic laundry dryers 
    • D06F58/206—Heat pump arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/01—Heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat pump device, particularly adapted for use in connection with a clothes drying machine or a machine intended to heat up a mass of water.
  • a heat pump device of this kind is generally known to be comprised of a closed-loop circuit, through which there circulates a fluid, known as refrigerant medium in the art, which, thanks to the chemical-physical properties thereof, is effective in transferring heat from a colder environment to a heat-energy using function as it undergoes corresponding phase changes through a thermodynamic cycle (compression, condensation, expansion and evaporation).
  • a fluid known as refrigerant medium in the art
  • the refrigerant medium in a gas phase thereof undergoes the action of a compressor, which causes the same refrigerant medium to undergo an increase in both temperature and pressure.
  • the refrigerant medium flows through a heat exchanger, generally known as condenser in the art, where it gives off heat to the outside environment therearound, while changing its state from gas to liquid.
  • a further medium such as air or water provided to flush the condenser from the outside represents a so-called vector medium, or process medium, which uses the heat released by the refrigerant medium to heat up a high-temperature heat-energy using function.
  • the refrigerant medium flows through an expansion valve (throttling), which causes the refrigerant medium to undergo a pressure drop and, as a result, a decrease in temperature.
  • an expansion valve throttling
  • the refrigerant medium is forced to flow into another heat exchanger, generally termed an evaporator in the art, where it vaporizes to thereby absorb, i.e. subtract heat and, therefore, thermal energy from the cold environment.
  • the refrigerant medium flows back to the compressor to thereby start a new cycle as described above.
  • Such heat pump device may be applied to an electrical appliance, such as a clothes drying machine, or an appliance designed to heat up a mass of water.
  • a clothes drying machine such as a tumble dryer or a so-called washer-dryer, using a heat pump arrangement installed therein, is largely known to be provided with an automatic system for drying wet clothes from a washing operation.
  • the process medium is circulated in a particular aeraulic circuit conditioning itself with the closed-loop circuit of the heat pump device, until the clothes are fully dried.
  • a heat pump-assisted appliance designed to heat up a mass of water, such as a boiler, a water heater, or the like, includes a heat pump device incorporating a water container, in which (or in contact with which) there is arranged the condenser.
  • a heat pump device incorporating a water container, in which (or in contact with which) there is arranged the condenser.
  • the high-temperature heat-energy using function is represented by a load of water, as constituted by the water contained in the wet clothes to be dried and the mass of water contained in the container, respectively.
  • a load of water shall therefore by brought up to an operating temperature value, within a definite time to thermal stabilization.
  • the specific heat of water is generally known to be very high and, for the matter, higher than that of most other substances; as a result, the need arises for quite considerable an amount of heat (thermal energy) to be supplied to the load of water before the temperature thereof can be caused to rise to the required operating value. Therefore, the above-cited time to thermal stabilization turns out as being relatively long and this does of course not fail to correspondingly affect the entire cycle time.
  • auxiliary electric heater generally a resistance-type electric heating element.
  • This electric heating element is installed in the heat pump-assisted electric appliance in view of boosting the heat energy that is available for being transferred to the load of water, so as to more promptly bring the same load of water up to the desired operating temperature.
  • supplementary electric heating elements are to the detriment of the safety of the heat pump assisted electrical appliance, which has in fact to be properly equipped with special safety provisions in this case.
  • the supplementary heat energy is supplied either to the process medium or directly to the heat-energy using function, as the case may be, and such supplementary heat energy cannot be boosted (COP) by way or in the course of a vapour-compression refrigeration cycle.
  • Described in the Japanese patent application no. 2001108311 is an auxiliary electric heater, the operation of which is based on the largely known principle of electromagnetic induction, as applied to a refrigeration apparatus to the purpose of defrosting the evaporator thereof.
  • Such electric heater is provided by coating or covering a portion of the piping of the closed-loop circuit of the heat pump device, comprised between an expansion valve and an evaporator, with either a cylinder of ferromagnetic material, such as for instance an iron pipe, or thin sheets of ferromagnetic material, such as for instance iron foils.
  • a lead wire Around the ferromagnetic material there is wound a lead wire so as to form a coil.
  • This coil is connected to an electric circuit supplied by a high-frequency current generator so as to promote the formation of hysteresis losses and eddy currents in the ferromagnetic material, in such manner as to determine an energy dissipation in the form of heat.
  • Part of this heat developing in the ferromagnetic material is transferred by heat conduction to said portion of the piping, which is in turn able to transfer heat to the part of refrigerant medium being each time in contact with an inner surface of said same piping portion.
  • the pre-heated refrigerant medium upstream to the evaporator consequently takes up, i.e. absorbs from the cold environment a smaller amount of heat, wherein such amount of heat may even be equal to nil when such medium reaches the evaporator.
  • the evaporator would in fact act as a heatsink to dissipate the energy that has just been introduced thereinto.
  • a further, equally important purpose of the present invention is to provide a heat pump device provided with an electric heater that is capable of being manufactured with the use of readily available equipment, tools and techniques.
  • a heat pump device comprises at least a closed-loop circuit circulating a refrigerant medium as it undergoes the steps of a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, wherein said closed-loop circuit is supplied by at least a compressor 40; 140 and comprises at least a condenser 42; 142, at least an expansion valve 44; 144, at least an evaporator means 46; 146, and at least an electric heater 20; 120.
  • the electric heater 20; 120 comprises a fluid-tight casing 22, in which there can be defined an interior, and which is for example formed of a metal or polymeric material in the manner of a cylindrical reservoir developing in the longitudinal direction thereof.
  • the casing 22 is provided with a plurality of attachment end portions, e.g. two of them.
  • a first one 24 of such attachment end portions and a second one 26 of such attachment end portions of the casing 22 terminate with a respective sleeve (not shown) adapted to be connected in a fluid-tight manner to a piping (not shown), in particular the piping of the closed-loop circuit of the heat pump device, which is in turn provided with complementary connecting means.
  • the casing 22 contains at least a heating element 28.
  • This heating element 28 may be formed of any electrically conducting mass whatsoever, such as a metal material, as processed for instance into granules and/or micro-wires and/or micro-spheres, or the like. Or, in a modified embodiment of the present invention, the heating element 28 may be in the form of metal protrusions extending inwards in the casing 22 from an inner surface thereof. In all cases, the heating element 28 at least partially fills the casing 22, however without obstructing a passage, through which a fluid, such as in particular the refrigerant medium, is able to flow, and which connects the attachment end portions 24, 26 with each other.
  • An electrically conducting wire is wound around the casing 22 so as to form a coil 32 therearound.
  • the coil 32 is provided with contact terminals so as to be able to be electrically connected to a circuit 34 for generating a variable electric oscillation.
  • the circuit 34 for generating variable electric oscillations substantially comprises a direct-current power supply 35 for supplying power to a high-frequency oscillator 36, such as for instance a square-wave oscillator, and to a power driver 37, such as for instance one or several bipolar transistors, one or several MOSFETs, one or several IGTBs, or the like, connected in a cascaded arrangement relative to the oscillator 36.
  • the power supply 35 may be comprised of a cascade connection of a transformer, a rectifier and a voltage regulator, or any other power-supply circuit adapted to supply power from the mains, such as for instance a switching power supply in a flyback configuration.
  • What said circuit 34 for generating a variable electric oscillation and said coil are required to do is to produce a magnetic flux variation on a surface of the heating element 28, so that eddy currents will generate therewithin.
  • these eddy currents give rise to an energy dissipation effect in the form of heat, i.e. thermal energy.
  • the energy that can be transferred to the refrigerant medium by means of the electric heater 20; 120 is controllable in a variety of manners generally known as such in the art, such as for instance by acting on the form of the wave driving the power driver 37.
  • the electric heater 20; 120 is connected in a portion of the closed-loop circuit that is comprised between the evaporator means 46; 146 and the compressor 40; 140, and, when switched on, the refrigerant medium fills up the casing 22, thereby submerging the heating element 28 that provides a relatively large wetted periphery.
  • the refrigerant medium is able to flow into the casing 22 while flushing the heating element 28.
  • the refrigerant medium can take up, i.e. adsorb an amount of heat by heat conduction directly from the heating element 28, which provides a considerably large heat-exchange surface within a very short distance as compared with the size of an ordinary evaporator means 46.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic view of the heat pump device according to the present invention, as applied to a clothes drying machine.
  • This heat pump device conditions itself with an aeraulic circuit of the clothes drying machine provided to give rise to a continuous circulation of a process medium, such as for instance drying air, by means of a fan 52.
  • the thus circulated drying air is blown through the clothes being handled to dry within a drum (not shown), the evaporator means 46 and the condenser 42.
  • the refrigerant medium can be noticed to expand to a greater extent in the compressor 40.
  • the heat energy supplied by the electric heater 20 is amplified by a coefficient of performance (COP) of the heat pump device.
  • the electric heater 20 may be inserted in a feedback loop that further comprises a control unit 38 and a temperature sensor 50. The sensor may detect the temperature of the refrigerant medium at the outlet of the compressor 40 and compare it with a reference temperature. The outcome of such comparison is sent to the control unit 38, which can perform a temperature regulation by acting on the electric heater 20 accordingly.
  • the refrigerant medium When the electric heater 20 is switched on, the refrigerant medium therefore reaches up to the condenser 42 at a higher temperature.
  • the drying air that flushes the condenser 42 can itself reach a higher temperature and, therefore, can transfer a greater amount of heat to the water contained in the clothes to be dried (water load) so as to cause it to rise to an effective operating temperature within a shorter time. Accordingly, a time to thermal stabilization is cut for the benefit of a shorter overall drying cycle time, which in fact is in turn reduced.
  • FIG. 4 Shown schematically in Figure 4 is a heat pump device according to the present invention as applied to a machine for heating up a mass of water.
  • the heat pump device incorporates a container 60 due to contain the water in which there is submerged the condenser 42, whereas the evaporator means 46 is arranged to be flushed by a flow of air circulated by a blower 52.
  • the electric heater 20, inserted in a portion of the closed-loop circuit comprised between the evaporator means 46 and the compressor 40, may be activated, i.e. switched on, in order to supply heat energy directly to the refrigerant medium so as to increase the heat energy being stored up in the evaporator means 46, thereby assisting the heat pump device in accelerating.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant can be controlled by inserting the electric heater 20 in a feedback loop that further comprises a control unit 38 and a temperature sensor 50 adapted to detect the temperature of the refrigerant medium at the outlet of the compressor 40.
  • the refrigerant medium When the electric heater 20 is switched on, the refrigerant medium therefore reaches up to the condenser 42 at a higher temperature.
  • the condenser 42 can transfer a greater amount of heat to a mass of water 62 contained in the container 60 (water load) so as to cause it to rise to an effective operating temperature within a shorter time. Accordingly, a time to thermal stabilization is cut for the benefit of a shorter overall drying cycle time, which in fact is in turn reduced.
  • FIG. 5 Shown schematically in Figure 5 is a heat pump device according to a second embodiment of the present invention as applied to a machine for heating up a mass of water.
  • the heat pump device comprises an evaporator means 146 that is provided integrally with the electric heater 120, all other parts of the closed-loop circuit remaining unaltered.
  • the refrigerant medium when leaving an expansion valve 144, the refrigerant medium enters the electric heater 120 in a liquid state.
  • the refrigerant medium can vaporize in a first portion of the casing of the electric heater 120.
  • such first portion of the casing acts as the actual evaporator means 146.
  • inventive heat pump device as described above may be subject to a number of modifications and may be embodied in a number of different manners, or can be used in a number of different applications, without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the heating element 28 flooded by the refrigerant medium may be formed of at least one resistance wire or element enclosed in a sealed sheath capable of being connected to a power-supply circuit, for instance via appropriate fluid-tight ducts.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Detail Structures Of Washing Machines And Dryers (AREA)
EP08425513A 2008-07-28 2008-07-28 Wärmepumpenvorrichtung Withdrawn EP2149767A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08425513A EP2149767A1 (de) 2008-07-28 2008-07-28 Wärmepumpenvorrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08425513A EP2149767A1 (de) 2008-07-28 2008-07-28 Wärmepumpenvorrichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2149767A1 true EP2149767A1 (de) 2010-02-03

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ID=39930541

Family Applications (1)

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EP08425513A Withdrawn EP2149767A1 (de) 2008-07-28 2008-07-28 Wärmepumpenvorrichtung

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2149767A1 (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102809274A (zh) * 2012-08-12 2012-12-05 浙江海洋学院 辅助电加热型海水源热泵干燥系统
US20130047638A1 (en) * 2011-08-31 2013-02-28 General Electric Company Dryer appliance with accelerated refrigerant cycle
WO2013045363A1 (en) * 2011-09-27 2013-04-04 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi Heat pump laundry dryer
FR2981145A3 (fr) * 2011-10-11 2013-04-12 Renault Sa Gestion d'une pompe a chaleur par apport d'energie thermique au fluide frigorigene
WO2014191237A1 (de) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wärmepumpe zur verwendung von umweltverträglichen kältemitteln
WO2014198300A1 (en) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-18 Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag Washing machine
WO2018202415A1 (en) * 2017-05-04 2018-11-08 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi A household appliance comprising a heat pump
ES2754879A1 (es) * 2018-10-18 2020-04-20 Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Sa Elemento de calentamiento para el compresor de una disposición de bomba de calor

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11245655A (ja) * 1998-03-05 1999-09-14 Calsonic Corp 電気自動車用空調装置
JP2000274842A (ja) * 1999-03-26 2000-10-06 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 冷凍回路及びそれを用いた冷蔵庫
JP2001091065A (ja) * 1999-09-27 2001-04-06 Daikin Ind Ltd 冷媒加熱装置
JP2001110556A (ja) * 1999-10-05 2001-04-20 Daikin Ind Ltd 流体加熱装置
EP1632736A2 (de) * 2004-09-07 2006-03-08 SANYO ELECTRIC Co., Ltd. Wärmepumpe und Trockner
EP1650343A1 (de) * 2004-10-20 2006-04-26 SANYO ELECTRIC Co., Ltd. Trockungsvorrichtung, Trockungsvorrichtung und Waschmaschine mit derselben, und ihre Betriebsmethoden
US20070000269A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-04 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for cooling a heat source
DE102006054828A1 (de) * 2005-11-22 2007-05-31 Denso Corp., Kariya Wärmepumpen-Warmwasserbereiter

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH11245655A (ja) * 1998-03-05 1999-09-14 Calsonic Corp 電気自動車用空調装置
JP2000274842A (ja) * 1999-03-26 2000-10-06 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 冷凍回路及びそれを用いた冷蔵庫
JP2001091065A (ja) * 1999-09-27 2001-04-06 Daikin Ind Ltd 冷媒加熱装置
JP2001110556A (ja) * 1999-10-05 2001-04-20 Daikin Ind Ltd 流体加熱装置
EP1632736A2 (de) * 2004-09-07 2006-03-08 SANYO ELECTRIC Co., Ltd. Wärmepumpe und Trockner
EP1650343A1 (de) * 2004-10-20 2006-04-26 SANYO ELECTRIC Co., Ltd. Trockungsvorrichtung, Trockungsvorrichtung und Waschmaschine mit derselben, und ihre Betriebsmethoden
US20070000269A1 (en) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-04 Intel Corporation Method and apparatus for cooling a heat source
DE102006054828A1 (de) * 2005-11-22 2007-05-31 Denso Corp., Kariya Wärmepumpen-Warmwasserbereiter

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20130047638A1 (en) * 2011-08-31 2013-02-28 General Electric Company Dryer appliance with accelerated refrigerant cycle
WO2013045363A1 (en) * 2011-09-27 2013-04-04 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi Heat pump laundry dryer
FR2981145A3 (fr) * 2011-10-11 2013-04-12 Renault Sa Gestion d'une pompe a chaleur par apport d'energie thermique au fluide frigorigene
CN102809274A (zh) * 2012-08-12 2012-12-05 浙江海洋学院 辅助电加热型海水源热泵干燥系统
WO2014191237A1 (de) * 2013-05-31 2014-12-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Wärmepumpe zur verwendung von umweltverträglichen kältemitteln
KR20160014033A (ko) * 2013-05-31 2016-02-05 지멘스 악티엔게젤샤프트 환경 친화적인 냉매를 사용하기 위한 열 펌프
US11473819B2 (en) 2013-05-31 2022-10-18 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Heat pump for using environmentally compatible coolants
WO2014198300A1 (en) * 2013-06-11 2014-12-18 Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag Washing machine
CN105392937A (zh) * 2013-06-11 2016-03-09 伊莱克斯家用电器股份公司 洗涤机
EP3173513A1 (de) 2013-06-11 2017-05-31 Electrolux Appliances Aktiebolag Waschmaschine
WO2018202415A1 (en) * 2017-05-04 2018-11-08 Arcelik Anonim Sirketi A household appliance comprising a heat pump
ES2754879A1 (es) * 2018-10-18 2020-04-20 Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Sa Elemento de calentamiento para el compresor de una disposición de bomba de calor

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