EP2141411B1 - Header distributor for two-phase flow in a single pass evaporator - Google Patents

Header distributor for two-phase flow in a single pass evaporator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2141411B1
EP2141411B1 EP08447033.5A EP08447033A EP2141411B1 EP 2141411 B1 EP2141411 B1 EP 2141411B1 EP 08447033 A EP08447033 A EP 08447033A EP 2141411 B1 EP2141411 B1 EP 2141411B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
header
section
evaporator
distributor
inlet header
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08447033.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2141411A1 (en
Inventor
Christian Fraikin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cockerill Maintenance and Ingenierie SA
Original Assignee
Cockerill Maintenance and Ingenierie SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cockerill Maintenance and Ingenierie SA filed Critical Cockerill Maintenance and Ingenierie SA
Priority to PL08447033T priority Critical patent/PL2141411T3/pl
Priority to EP08447033.5A priority patent/EP2141411B1/en
Publication of EP2141411A1 publication Critical patent/EP2141411A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2141411B1 publication Critical patent/EP2141411B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/22—Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/14—Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/62—Component parts or details of steam boilers specially adapted for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B37/70—Arrangements for distributing water into water tubes
    • F22B37/74—Throttling arrangements for tubes or sets of tubes

Definitions

  • the present invention is applicable to any steam generator, but more particularly to horizontal once-through heat recovery steam generators, where a two-phases flow has to be equally distributed inside all heating tubes through an inlet header.
  • the evaporators bundles are usually formed with multiple parallel tubes arranged in successive rows perpendicular to the gas flow direction. Each row of tubes is connected at its lower side to an inlet header and at its upper side to an outlet header.
  • Horizontal heat recovery steam generators which are designed with a once-through evaporator may have this heat exchanger split in two sections in series.
  • the heating tubes of the first section once-through evaporator are fed with hot water coming from an economizer and discharge water-steam mixture with a partial steam fraction.
  • That fluid is transferred from the first to the second section by means of manifolds, pipes, distributors and feeders.
  • the heating tubes of the second section once-through evaporator are then fed with two-phases fluid and discharge superheated steam.
  • heated water flows through the tubes of a once-through section at a rate sufficient to maintain the interiors of its tubes fully wetted while enabling steam to develop in that water.
  • This is possible because the once-through section is followed by a circulation section delivering saturated steam to the superheater, while in a steam generator comprising only a once-through evaporator, no liquid water should leave the evaporator. In this case, as the fraction of steam remains always below 100%, the tubes of the once-through section remain fully wetted.
  • a steam generator has a once-through evaporator which converts liquid water into steam in tubes over which hot gases flow.
  • each tube contains a metal tape which is twisted into a helical configuration to induce turbulence in the mist produced by the boiling, and these turbulences insure that the mist wets the inside surfaces of the tubes, thus producing good heat transfer and moderate temperatures in the tubes.
  • Document JP-A-2007/298245 is related to an economizer designed to pass almost evenly liquid water, i.e. a monophasic fluid, through a row of heat transfer pipes.
  • an appropriate distributor device should be installed in the interconnecting pipes in order to supply an identical steam fraction inside each feeder.
  • a feeder is connected on an inlet header for feeding several heating tubes.
  • a specific distributor device must be installed either inside the inlet header or in each feeder nozzle to facilitate the equalization of the distribution. Such a distributor device is shown by document FR 1549058A .
  • Document US 5,806,586 A discloses a device for distributing a two-phase refrigerating medium mass flow in a plate evaporator.
  • the evaporator has a distribution channel at the inlet side which may receive a refrigerating medium mass flow coming from an expansion valve and several mutually spaced exchanger channels which branch off from the distribution channel in a substantially perpendicular direction.
  • a porous body is arranged in the distribution channel between the refrigerating medium inlet and the branch-off points of the exchanger channels.
  • the porous body is advantageously arranged in an outer throttle insert which extends over at least part of the length of the distribution channel and in whose wall are located additional throttle openings that lead to the exchanger channels.
  • Document JP 58 173393 A discloses a distributing header for two (vapour-liquid) phase fluid having guide plates in one set of two arranged in the header at the position opposite to the opening part of the inflowing pipe and provided in curved manner symmetrical with respect to the surface, which contains the axis of the inflowing pipe and at the same time is vertical to the axis of the inflowing pipe and to the axis of the header respectively.
  • the guide plates have their upper ends touching to the header.
  • the two (vapor-liquid) phase fluid flowed through the inflowing pipe in the header proceeds along the guide plates 17 while pushing up the liquid lying in the upper part of the inflowing pipe and smoothly changes the direction of its flow in the direction of the axis of the header.
  • the liquid is broken into fine parts by the vapor phase component and scattered far away in the form of droplets, resulting in supplying the liquid to all the outflowing pipes. Because a part of each outflowing hole is open above the interface between vapor and liquid, the vapor flows out of all the outflowing holes. Consequently, both the vapor and the liquid are supplied to all the outflowing pipes and flowed out thereof.
  • the main object of the present invention is to drastically improve the distribution equalization of the water-steam flow inside all the heating tubes of the second evaporator section.
  • the invention intends to allow achieving a more uniform steam temperature profile at the outlet of the heating tubes and then to improve the lifetime of the components.
  • the invention aims at accommodating with different geometries and dimensions of the heating tubes and the inlet headers.
  • the invention also intends to easily eliminate the stratification effect existing in the feeder nozzles due to water centrifugation induced by the feeder pipe routing.
  • a further goal of the invention is to permit its use as a retrofit in existing exchangers in order to restore acceptable operating conditions.
  • a first object of the present invention is related to an evaporator section as defined by independent claim 1.
  • Preferred embodiments of the invention further contain, in combination with the features of Claim 1, one or several of the features disclosed in the dependent claims.
  • Still another object of the present invention concerns, as indicated in Claim 11, a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) comprising an exhaust gas duct connected to a hot gas source, an economizer, a first section and a second section of a once-through evaporator and a superheater, means comprising manifolds, pipes, distributors and feeder pipes for transferring a water-steam mixture, i.e. a biphasic flow, from said first section to said second section of the evaporator, said distributors being configured for equally spreading the biphasic flow into the feeder pipes, characterized in that said second evaporator section is an evaporator section as in Claim 1.
  • HRSG heat recovery steam generator
  • FIG.1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a horizontal once-through heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) constructed in accordance with and suitable for embodying the present invention.
  • HRSG horizontal once-through heat recovery steam generator
  • FIG.2 is a schematic perspective view of the second section of the evaporator with vertical heating tubes and suitable for embodying the present invention.
  • FIG.3 is a schematic cross-sectional side view of the inlet header embodying the present invention.
  • FIG.4 is a fragmentary schematic cross-sectional front view of the inlet header embodying a tubular distributor.
  • FIG.5 is a fragmentary schematic cross-sectional plan view of the inlet header embodying a tubular distributor.
  • FIG.6 is a fragmentary schematic cross-sectional plan view of the inlet header and the feeder pipe which could have a non-perpendicular orientation in regards of the inlet header axis.
  • FIG.7 is a fragmentary schematic cross-sectional front view of the inlet header embodying a conical-type distributor.
  • a steam generator includes an exhaust gas duct 1 connected to a hot gas source such as a gas turbine.
  • the hot gas flows in series respectively through a superheater 2, a second section 3 of a once-through evaporator, a first section 4 of said once-through evaporator and an economizer 5.
  • the water flows in the opposite direction and is forced by the feedwater pump 6 to the cold side of the economizer 5.
  • the heat extracted from the hot gas elevates the temperature of the water which leaves the first exchanger hotter than when entering.
  • the liquid water then flows to the first section of the evaporator 4 which converts part of the water into steam at saturated conditions after further extraction of heat from the hot gas.
  • the water-steam mixture (i.e. a two-phases fluid) is transferred from said first section 4 to said second section 3 by means of manifolds 7, pipes 8, distributors 9 and feeders 10.
  • the two-phases flow is equally spread into the feeders 10 by means of the distributors 9.
  • the extracted heat from the hot gas terminates the evaporation and slightly superheats the steam.
  • the second section 3 of the once-through evaporator includes a plurality of heating tubes 12 arranged along a single row - however a multiple tube rows arrangement is also possible - connected on the inlet header 11 at the lower side and on the outlet header 13 at the upper side.
  • the inlet header 11 has one or several feeder nozzles 14 onto which the feeders 10 are connected and receiving the two-phases flow from the distributors 9.
  • the outlet header 13 has one or several connector nozzles 15 for conveying the superheated steam to the superheater 2.
  • FIG.3 to FIG.7 illustrate preferred embodiments of the device of the invention which is called a "two-phases flow header distributor" for a tubular-type 16 or a conical-type distributor 20 respectively, where said two-phases flow is passing through the feeder nozzle 14 and entering partly inside the inlet header 11.
  • the tubular distributor is fitted with an end cap 17 in order to eliminate any water jet effect impacting the distribution equalization, especially in the nearby heating tubes 12 and more generally in all other heating tubes.
  • the distributor 16 is fitted in this example with two opposite main orifices or openings 18 located along the inlet header 11 axis.
  • the purpose is to spread equally the water onto the sides of the inlet header 11 regardless of the possible water stratification in the feeder pipe 10 and feeder nozzle 14 sections.
  • the type, number, dimensions and position of those openings 18 may vary according to the heating tubes-inlet header 11, 12 configuration, to the feeder pipe 10 routing and to the real operating conditions.
  • two small holes or orifices 19 are fitted on the distributor end cap 17 along the inlet header 11 axis.
  • the purpose is to allow a direct and controlled water feeding of the nearby heating tubes 12 if they are partially hidden by the distributor according to the arrangement.
  • the type, number, dimensions and position of those openings 19 may also vary according to the heating tubes-inlet header 11, 12 configuration, to the feeder pipe 10 routing and to the real operating conditions.
  • the orientation of the feeder pipe 10 has a direct impact on the water stratification inside the pipe due to the centrifugation effect taking place in the last pipe elbow.
  • the header distributor 16 shall be preferably oriented for having the lateral openings 18 perpendicular to the last elbow in order to force the water film present on the extrados side of the upstream elbow to remix in the pipe end cap before being equally spread through the openings.
  • the type, number, dimensions and position of those openings 18 may also vary according to the heating tubes-inlet header 11, 12 configuration and to the real operating conditions.
  • a conical-type distributor 20 is an alternate design for the same purpose. It consists substantially in an inverted cone 21 passing through the feeder nozzle 14.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
EP08447033.5A 2008-06-30 2008-06-30 Header distributor for two-phase flow in a single pass evaporator Not-in-force EP2141411B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL08447033T PL2141411T3 (pl) 2008-06-30 2008-06-30 Rozdzielacz wielodrogowy zapewniający przepływ dwufazowy w parowniku jednoprzelotowym
EP08447033.5A EP2141411B1 (en) 2008-06-30 2008-06-30 Header distributor for two-phase flow in a single pass evaporator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08447033.5A EP2141411B1 (en) 2008-06-30 2008-06-30 Header distributor for two-phase flow in a single pass evaporator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2141411A1 EP2141411A1 (en) 2010-01-06
EP2141411B1 true EP2141411B1 (en) 2013-08-21

Family

ID=40364430

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08447033.5A Not-in-force EP2141411B1 (en) 2008-06-30 2008-06-30 Header distributor for two-phase flow in a single pass evaporator

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2141411B1 (pl)
PL (1) PL2141411T3 (pl)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB770589A (en) * 1954-04-28 1957-03-20 Siemens Ag Improvements in or relating to means for regulating flow inside the headers of steamgenerators
DE1401366A1 (de) * 1962-07-28 1968-10-17 Herpen Co Kg La Mont Kessel Zwangumlaufkessel
US3399656A (en) * 1967-01-19 1968-09-03 Electrodyne Res Corp Circulation system for a steam generator
JPS57101296A (en) * 1980-12-17 1982-06-23 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Header
JPS58173393A (ja) * 1982-04-02 1983-10-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 気液二相流体分配用ヘツダ
DE4422178A1 (de) * 1993-07-03 1995-01-12 Flitsch E Gmbh & Co Vorrichtung zur Verteilung von Kältemittel in einem Verdampfer
US6557500B1 (en) 2001-12-05 2003-05-06 Nooter/Eriksen, Inc. Evaporator and evaporative process for generating saturated steam
WO2004033962A2 (en) 2002-10-04 2004-04-22 Nooter/Eriksen, Inc. Once-through evaporator for a steam generator
US6957630B1 (en) 2005-03-31 2005-10-25 Alstom Technology Ltd Flexible assembly of once-through evaporation for horizontal heat recovery steam generator
JP4977398B2 (ja) 2006-05-02 2012-07-18 バブコック日立株式会社 節炭器ならびにそれを備えた排熱回収ボイラ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL2141411T3 (pl) 2014-01-31
EP2141411A1 (en) 2010-01-06

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