EP2140209B1 - Amélioration d'un procédé permettant de gérer la température de l'eau dans un chauffe-eau à accumulation et contrôle - Google Patents

Amélioration d'un procédé permettant de gérer la température de l'eau dans un chauffe-eau à accumulation et contrôle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2140209B1
EP2140209B1 EP08737500.2A EP08737500A EP2140209B1 EP 2140209 B1 EP2140209 B1 EP 2140209B1 EP 08737500 A EP08737500 A EP 08737500A EP 2140209 B1 EP2140209 B1 EP 2140209B1
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Prior art keywords
temperature
water
acc
storage
time
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EP08737500.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2140209A2 (fr
Inventor
Angelo Mancini
Renato Moreci
Roberto Sampaolesi
Alessandro Stopponi
Alain Xhonneux
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Merloni Termosanitari SpA
Ariston SpA
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Merloni Termosanitari SpA
Ariston Thermo SpA
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Priority to PL08737500T priority Critical patent/PL2140209T3/pl
Publication of EP2140209A2 publication Critical patent/EP2140209A2/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/144—Measuring or calculating energy consumption
    • F24H15/148—Assessing the current energy consumption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/156—Reducing the quantity of energy consumed; Increasing efficiency
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/174—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature
    • F24H15/175—Supplying heated water with desired temperature or desired range of temperature where the difference between the measured temperature and a set temperature is kept under a predetermined value
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/212—Temperature of the water
    • F24H15/223—Temperature of the water in the water storage tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/269—Time, e.g. hour or date
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/20—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control inputs
    • F24H15/281—Input from user
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/40—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers
    • F24H15/414—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based
    • F24H15/421—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the type of controllers using electronic processing, e.g. computer-based using pre-stored data
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2021—Storage heaters

Definitions

  • the object of this invention is a new method for the management of water maintenance temperature in a generic storage water heater controllable by electronic control.
  • the storage water heater is kept exactly at the useful temperature T.u for hygienic use, it is capable of dispensing at such temperature an amount of water equal to a significant fraction of the tank volume but not equal to the volume itself, due to the so-called mixing phenomenon (the incoming cold water mixes with a part of the hot water in the tank, thus decreasing the temperature thereof below the useful temperature T.u).
  • the preset temperature T.set at which the storage water heater is kept is much higher than said useful temperature T.u, moreover, it is capable of ensuring, through mixing with cold water, amounts of water at useful temperature T.u much larger than the storage volume.
  • the document JP-A-61 110840 teaches how to reduce such thermal dispersions, predetermining the necessary quantity of hot water in the storage tank according to the quantities which was used in the past by the user.
  • Said document discloses a controlling device suitable for properly pre-setting the starting time of the heating element of the water heater, by means of a temperature sensor (placed in the lower part of the tank) for checking the storage temperature and of a plurality of sensors (located in the upper part of the tank) for detecting the quantity of remaining hot water.
  • JP-A-61 110840 is suitable to determine the target temperature of the water necessary for the next day, also decreasing the quantity of remaining hot water in the tank; however a plurality of sensors are implied, far away from the economical and practical possibility of use in a water heater.
  • the houses are provided with information instruments and means that allow knowing the start and end time of said time bands and of course, counting the consumptions recorded in each band at the different rates.
  • methane distribution network at least in certain zones, is overloaded in certain periods, for example during room heating; as a consequence, it is not excluded that sooner or later, methane suppliers may activate rate policies aimed at encouraging the postponement of consumptions, delaying them to certain low consumption time bands, as it happens with electrical energy.
  • energy supply network means without distinction both the supply of electrical energy and of methane
  • heating element means without distinction both the group of electrical resistances of an electrical water heater and the combustion unit of a gas water heater.
  • ECO method usefully applies to both electrical and gas storage water heaters.
  • the main object of the ECO method is to reduce thermal energy dispersions, being equal the temperature of water made available to the user at the time of the first expected use.
  • a further object of the ECO method is to take advantage of the energy time bands at reduced rate.
  • a further object of the ECO method consists in preventing overloads in the household methane or electrical energy distribution network at the beginning of the reduced rate bands, when other appliances that activate at that time are connected to the same network.
  • a further object of the ECO method is to adjust the water temperature, automatically adjusting it to the actual user's requirements.
  • the ECO method allows reducing consumptions by thermal dispersion acting according to two main procedures, each envisaging multiple variants.
  • the first function hereinafter called “Delay” is intended to carry out the heating of the appliance to the preset temperature T.set during the time band at reduced rate, but postponing the complete heating as much as possible, so that it may end just before the end of such time band at reduced rate (the so-called peak-off period).
  • Optimisation optimises the maintenance temperature automatically reducing the preset value T.set if the water heater is not usually used at full capacity thereof, that is, if the user has set a temperature T.set unusually high for his/her actual uses.
  • the ECO method may be activated/deactivated by pressing a simple key, for example located on the front of the generic storage water heater, or the Delay and Optimisation functions may be activated independently of each other, only one or both.
  • the water heater electronic control monitors the energy supply network to identify the current rate type.
  • the electronic control has the water heating speed v.r pre-stored, according to the model of water heater it is installed on; in fact, such speed is known knowing the electrical power P.w, the thermal dispersions Q.d and the thermal capacity C of the water heater model in question. It is noted, however, that such speed may be considered as valid only if a certain approximation is accepted, that is, if we set aside the fact that, according to the type of each model in operation:
  • the electronic control at the beginning of a band at reduced rate F.rid starts a heating step F.2 during which:
  • said heating step F.2 suitable for reaching the preset temperature T.set starting from said initial temperature T.2, is preceded by a preheating step F.1.
  • the water heater is made to reach a stand-by temperature T.sb, generally much lower than the water temperature set by the user T.set and preferably equal or close to the useful temperature T.u which, for example, is equal to 45 °C.
  • the electronic control records the actual time Dt.1 of preheating from the initial temperature T. 1 to the stand-by temperature T.sb.
  • the electronic control the initial T.1 and stand-by T.sb temperatures and the actual time Dt.1 of the first preheating step F.1 being known, is capable of calculating the actual heating speed v.r of the water heater in those specific operating conditions and replacing the data optionally pre-stored with the new updated value.
  • the preheating step F. 1 as described offers the advantages of:
  • the heating step F.2 for reaching the preset temperature T.set follows, exactly as already described above, wherein of course:
  • the Delay function allows money saving as it activates the water heater during the band at reduced rate F.rid and energy saving, thanks to the keen-witted use of times within such band.
  • the electronic control may ignore the preheating step F.1 if:
  • the water temperature maintenance value T.set is normally unchanged with the time of the day and the day of the week.
  • said maintenance value T.set is optimised according to the actual water usage, making it variable according to the day of the week, and optionally for each day, according to the time, so as to keep into account the different water uses that there may be on holidays and working days, or more in general, also the time and in a different manner for each day of the week.
  • the storage temperature value T.acc and the maintenance value T.set are checked, for the same period of time of the same day of the next week, and such maintenance value T. set is changed or kept unchanged according to the storage temperature T.acc found.
  • the procedure described above may be performed in various more or less accurate manners.
  • said consecutive periods of time Pt consist in a single period of 24 hours. That is, the storage temperature T.acc is monitored at the time of usage end h.set of each day, wherein "h.set” means the time when the water heater daily use ends.
  • Such usage end time h.set may be pre-stored in the electronic control and usually, it is a late evening time.
  • the time monitoring allows detecting the profile of daily uses, as a general rule different every day of the week, and thus store the actual usage end time h.set of each day as the last time of the day after which no temperature drops are sensed if not due to thermal dispersions.
  • the actual usage end time h.set of each day is then stored in place of the previous values.
  • the storage temperature T.acc is below the useful temperature T.u, by a negative amount ⁇ T.dif, this indicates that the user was not able to obtain the expected uses and that therefore, the preset temperature T.set must be increased at least by the same negative amount ⁇ T.dif, even if this is not necessarily sufficient to meet the user requirements.
  • Said procedure may be carried out periodically for even consecutive sequences of days, in order to check any changes in the user's habits.
  • the storage temperature value T.acc considered is that resulting from the mobile average of samplings made in the last SS weeks, where for example the number of weeks SS is equal to two.
  • the Optimisation function may envisage the following simplified procedure, at least as regards the methods for changing the preset temperature T.set.
  • Another simplifying version may relate to the definition of the usage end time h.set which, instead of being preset for every day of the week or being calculated by studying the profile of daily usage, may consist in the time of start of the time band at reduced rate.
  • a further version may consist in the fact that in order to optimise the maintenance temperature automatically varying the preset value T.set, the electronic control performs a monitoring of the storage temperature T.acc at multiple times of each day rather than only at the usage end time h.set of each day, at which the daily use of the water heater ends, as already described in detail.
  • Said last version of the monitoring therefore allows measuring a more detailed profile of daily uses, as it is capable of controlling the storage temperature T.acc every "H" hours within a day, for example every hour or every 4/6 hours, and consequently proceeding to the variation of the preset temperature T.set for each period Pt expiring at the H-teenth hour.
  • the electronic control proceeds to a reduction of the preset temperature T.set if the storage temperature T.acc is higher than a maximum predetermined threshold T.s.max, whereas it proceeds to an increase of the preset temperature T.set if the storage temperature T.acc is less than a minimum predetermined threshold T.s.min. On the contrary, it keeps the temperature T.set unchanged if such storage temperature T.acc is comprised between said minimum threshold T.s.min and maximum threshold T.s.max.
  • said reduction or increase of the preset temperature T.set is equal to 1-2 °C, whereas said minimum predetermined threshold T.s.min is still equal to 35 °C and said maximum predetermined threshold T.s.max is still equal to 45 °C.
  • the Optimisation function as described is capable of building a different profile of the preset water maintenance temperature T.set for each day of the week.
  • sampling days GG rather than being 7 or a multiple of 7 are only one or a generic number M of days.
  • the number of sampling days is equal to GG or a multiple M.GG, where GG is equal to 1 or 7.
  • the number of sampling days GG or M.GG may be predetermined by the manufacturer or it may be set by the user.
  • sampling days GG rather than being 7 or a multiple of 7 are 1 or "a multiple of 1"
  • the sampling may be performed not in days but hours, meaning that no difference is made between days of the week, and any consecutive sampling days are only used to sense the average value or the minimum value of storage temperatures T.acc.
  • the number of sampling days is equal to GG or a multiple M.GG, where GG is equal to 1 or 7, or the sampling does not take place in hours.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Procédé de gestion de la température de l'eau dans un chauffe-eau à accumulation, comportant les fonctions de:
    - calculer le temps passé;
    - recevoir des informations sur la température de l'eau à l'intérieur dudit chauffe-eau;
    - mémoriser les données configurées à l'avance et/ou lues et/ou calculées;
    - effectuer des calculs à partir des données reçues ou mémorisées ;
    - activer/désactiver le chauffage de l'eau en fonction des calculs effectués et de la température de ladite eau;
    - mémoriser, pour un nombre (H) de périodes de temps consécutives (Pt) qui couvrent toute la durée de la journée et pour une période de jours consécutifs (GG; M.GG), des valeurs de la température (T.set) de maintien de l'eau;
    ledit procédé de gestion prévoit une fonction de réduction des consommations d'énergie,
    comportant l'application d'une variation de la température mémorisée (T.set) de maintien à travers au moins un premier passage pendant lequel on contrôle, pour une période de jours consécutifs (GG; M.GG) ainsi qu'à la fin (h.set) de ces périodes de temps consécutives (Pt), la valeur de température (T.acc) de l'accumulation;
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ladite variation de la température mémorisée (T.set) de maintien est ultérieurement appliquée à travers au moins les passages suivants:
    - d'après un deuxième passage, on compare une valeur considérée représentative de ladite température d'accumulation (T.acc) à la température prédéterminée jugée utile (T.u) pour les usage hygiéniques;
    - d'après un troisième passage, pour chacune desdites périodes de temps consécutives (Pt) on procède à la variation de ladite température mémorisée (T.set) de maintien de l'eau, en appliquant, alternativement:
    - une réduction si ladite température d'accumulation (T.acc) est supérieure à ladite température utile (T.u; T.s.max) d'une quantité en excès déterminée (ΔT.ecc),
    - une augmentation si ladite température d'accumulation (T.acc) est inférieure à ladite température utile (T.u; T.s.min) d'une quantité en défaut déterminée (ΔT.dif).
  2. Procédé de gestion de la température de l'eau dans un chauffe-eau selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ces périodes de temps consécutives (Pt) consistent en une période unique de 24 heures.
  3. Procédé de gestion selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ce terme (h.set) de cette période unique de 24 heures coïncide pratiquement avec le terme (h.set) d'utilisation du chauffe-eau dans la journée.
  4. Procédé de gestion selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ledit terme (h.set) est prédéterminé par l'utilisateur.
  5. Procédé de gestion selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ledit terme (h.set) est supposé coïncider avec le moment de début d'une tranche horaire à tarif réduit.
  6. Procédé de gestion selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    - un suivi de la température d'accumulation (T.acc) est effectué tout le long de la journée,
    - et ce terme (h.set) est fait coïncider avec le dernier moment de la journée après lequel on ne constate aucune baisse significative de ladite température d'accumulation (T.acc).
  7. Procédé de gestion selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    - un suivi de la température d'accumulation (T.acc) est effectué pendant plusieurs jours représentatifs du même jour de la semaine,
    - on relève, pour chacun de ces jours, le dernier terme (h.set) après lequel on ne constate aucune baisse significative de ladite température d'accumulation (T.acc),
    - et ce terme (h.set) est fait coïncider, pour ce jour de la semaine, avec la moyenne de ces derniers moments (h.set).
  8. Procédé de gestion selon n'importe quelle revendication précédente,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ladite valeur de température considérée comme représentative de la température de l'accumulation (T.acc) est la valeur effective de température de l'accumulation (T.acc) relevée au cours de l'exécution dudit premier passage.
  9. Procédé de gestion selon n'importe quelle revendication précédente, 8 non comprise,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ladite valeur de température considérée comme représentative de la température de l'accumulation (T.acc) est la moyenne des valeurs de température de l'accumulation (T.acc) relevées au cours de plusieurs exécutions répétées de ce premier passage.
  10. Procédé de gestion selon n'importe quelle revendication précédente,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ladite température prédéterminée de référence (T.u; T.s.max) au-dessus de laquelle est appliquée la réduction de cette température (T.set) de maintien de l'eau est la température prédéterminée utile (T.u).
  11. Procédé de gestion selon n'importe quelle revendication précédente, 10 non comprise,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ladite température prédéterminée de référence (T.u; T.s.max) au-dessus de laquelle est appliquée la réduction de ladite température (T.set) de maintien de l'eau est une température prédéterminée de limite maximum (T.s.max).
  12. Procédé de gestion selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ladite température prédéterminée de limite maximum (T.s.max) est égale à 45 °C.
  13. Procédé de gestion selon n'importe quelle revendication précédente,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ladite température prédéterminée de référence (T.u; T.s.min) au-dessous de laquelle est appliquée l'augmentation de cette température (T.set) de maintien de l'eau est la température prédéterminée utile (T.u).
  14. Procédé de gestion selon n'importe quelle revendication précédente, 13 non comprise,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ladite température prédéterminée de référence (T.u; T.s.min) au-dessous de laquelle est appliquée l'augmentation de ladite température (T.set) de maintien de l'eau est une température prédéterminée de limite minimum (T.s.min).
  15. Procédé de gestion selon la revendication précédente,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ladite température prédéterminée de limite minimum (T.s.min) est égale à 35 °C.
  16. Procédé de gestion selon n'importe quelle revendication précédente,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    ces augmentations ou réductions de ladite température (T.set) de maintien de l'eau sont égales à 10 °C.
  17. Procédé de gestion selon n'importe quelle revendication précédente, 16 non comprise,
    caractérisé par le fait que
    - lesdites augmentations ou réductions de ladite température (T.set) de maintien de l'eau sont égales à 1- 2 °C,
    - et lesdites périodes de temps consécutives (Pt) qui couvrent toute une journée sont en nombre supérieur à une.
  18. Contrôle électronique pour l'application du procédé selon les revendications de la 1 à la 17, équipé de systèmes aptes à:
    - calculer le temps passé;
    - recevoir des informations sur la température de l'eau dans un chauffe-eau;
    - mémoriser les données configurées à l'avance et/ou lues et/ou calculées;
    - effectuer des calculs à partir des données reçues ou mémorisées;
    - activer/désactiver un élément de chauffage de l'eau contenue dans un chauffe-eau à accumulation en fonction des calculs effectués et de la température de cette eau;
    caractérisé par le fait de pouvoir appliquer des méthodes de chauffage dudit chauffe-eau selon une ou plusieurs revendications précédentes.
  19. Chauffe-eau à accumulation utilisant une commande électronique selon la revendication 18.
  20. Chauffe-eau à accumulation mettant en oeuvre des fonctions selon une ou plusieurs méthodes de chauffage des revendications de 1 à 17.
EP08737500.2A 2007-04-27 2008-04-21 Amélioration d'un procédé permettant de gérer la température de l'eau dans un chauffe-eau à accumulation et contrôle Active EP2140209B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL08737500T PL2140209T3 (pl) 2007-04-27 2008-04-21 Sposób optymalizacji zarządzania temperaturą wody w pojemnościowym podgrzewaczu wody i sterowanie

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000026A ITAN20070026A1 (it) 2007-04-27 2007-04-27 Metodo di gestione della temperatura dell' acqua in scaldacqua ad accumulo
PCT/IB2008/000979 WO2008132573A2 (fr) 2007-04-27 2008-04-21 Amélioration d'un procédé permettant de gérer la température de l'eau dans un chauffe-eau à accumulation

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EP2140209A2 EP2140209A2 (fr) 2010-01-06
EP2140209B1 true EP2140209B1 (fr) 2014-08-13

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EP (1) EP2140209B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2523490T3 (fr)
IT (1) ITAN20070026A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL2140209T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2464502C2 (fr)
WO (2) WO2008132573A2 (fr)

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FR2957691B1 (fr) 2010-03-19 2012-09-14 Thermor Pacific Procede de controle d'une installation et installation adaptee a la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
IT1402705B1 (it) * 2010-11-10 2013-09-18 Ariston Thermo Spa Metodo per la minimizzazione dei consumi energetici giornalieri di uno scaldaacqua ad accumulo tramite processi logici semplificati.
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ITAN20030039A1 (it) * 2003-08-04 2005-02-05 Merloni Termosanitari Spa Termoprotettore elettronico per scaldabagni elettrici.

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EP2140209A2 (fr) 2010-01-06
ITAN20070026A1 (it) 2008-10-28
WO2008132573A2 (fr) 2008-11-06
ES2523490T3 (es) 2014-11-26
WO2008132570A3 (fr) 2009-02-26
WO2008132570A2 (fr) 2008-11-06
WO2008132573A3 (fr) 2009-02-26
RU2009135062A (ru) 2011-06-10
PL2140209T3 (pl) 2015-01-30
RU2464502C2 (ru) 2012-10-20

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