EP2137045B1 - Method and device for preventing fast changes of the internal pressure in an enclosed room - Google Patents
Method and device for preventing fast changes of the internal pressure in an enclosed room Download PDFInfo
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- EP2137045B1 EP2137045B1 EP20080734402 EP08734402A EP2137045B1 EP 2137045 B1 EP2137045 B1 EP 2137045B1 EP 20080734402 EP20080734402 EP 20080734402 EP 08734402 A EP08734402 A EP 08734402A EP 2137045 B1 EP2137045 B1 EP 2137045B1
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- Prior art keywords
- pressure
- air
- control
- internal pressure
- control valve
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005339 levitation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 42
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
- B61D27/0009—Means for controlling or equalizing air pressure shocks in trains, e.g. when passing or crossing in tunnels
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/0318—Processes
- Y10T137/0396—Involving pressure control
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
- Y10T137/2544—Supply and exhaust type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 6.
- the DE 102 33 517 A1 discloses a method of avoiding rapid changes in air pressure in a confined space reduced by an external environment, monitoring the pressure in the space and the environment, and occluding air inlets and outlets depending on the pressure difference to avoid sudden changes Pressure changes outside of the closed space can also affect within the closed space.
- the flow paths of the ventilation system are closed accordingly at pressure differences, whereby rapid changes within the closed space are partially avoided.
- ambient air may also occur outside the ventilation system, for example through windows, doors or the like, if the closed space is not completely sealed.
- the from the DE 102 33 517 known device is not suitable to compensate for such unavoidable pressure fluctuations by an active supply or discharge of air.
- the technical problem of the invention is therefore to design the methods and devices described at the outset in such a way that, in particular, rapid changes in internal pressure are avoided without great effort and thus impairments of the persons in the closed spaces can be avoided.
- the invention is based on the idea of at least partially compensating for a rapid change in pressure in the form of a negative pressure, induced from the outside in the closed space, by supplying a corresponding quantity of air to the space.
- a corresponding amount of air is taken from the room during the sudden occurrence of overpressure.
- the regulation of the internal pressure takes place so that pressure changes take place at a preselected pressure change rate. This makes it possible to protect the people in the room from unpleasant, affecting the ride comfort pressure changes.
- the supply or removal of the air by means of a positive or negative pressure vessel, whereby the application of complex blower, pumps od. Like. Can be avoided
- Fig. 1 Fig. 12 schematically shows a presently considered best mode of the invention, which allows a full internal pressure control irrespective of whether the external air pressure is greater or less than the air pressure in the space under consideration.
- Fig. 1 By way of example, it is assumed that the air pressure is to be controlled in a closed space 1, which is the passenger compartment of a high-speed train, z.
- a magnetic levitation vehicle forms and surrounded by a vehicle wall 2 is.
- closed is meant that the vehicle wall 2, if not shown, windows and doors are closed, a housing 1 surrounding the housing forms, which od up to the usually existing leaks and possibly existing ventilation openings for air conditioners. Like. is completely tight.
- space 1 may be both well sealed and less well sealed, depending on its quality, age or other circumstances, as will be apparent from the further description.
- Fig. 1 is both in the room 1 and outside of it (here referred to as "external environment of the room 1") arranged at least one pressure sensor 3 and 4, by means of which the air pressure in the room 1 (hereinafter referred to briefly as internal pressure) and the air pressure in the external environment (hereinafter referred to as external pressure for short). Further, at least one each pressure vessel 5 and a vacuum container 6 are provided, both either directly in the room 1 or outside of the room 1, z. B. in an adjacent passenger compartment or in a separated area from the room 1 can be arranged, but how the room 1 is a part of the considered vehicle.
- the overpressure container 5 is provided with a control valve 7, through which, possibly via at least one connected line, compressed air can flow from the overpressure container 5 into the space 1.
- the vacuum container 6 is provided with a control valve 8, through which, possibly via at least one connected line, air from the space 1 in the vacuum tank 6 can flow.
- the speed with which the control valves 7, 8 are traversed by the air can be adjusted by controlling the opening cross sections of the control valves 7, 8, preferably by means of electrical control signals which are supplied to an electric or electromagnetic actuator of the control valves 7, 8.
- the pressure vessel 5 is connected via a line 9 with a leading to the external environment, formed in the vehicle wall 2 opening od with a flap 10.
- line 9 is a fan or compressor 11, with which the pressure vessel 5 can be filled with open flap 10 to reach a preselected pressure with compressed air.
- the vacuum tank 6 is connected via a line 12 with a leading to the external environment, formed in the vehicle wall 2 opening od with a flap 14. The like. Pressure-tight can be closed.
- line 12 is a pump 15, with which the vacuum container 6 can be evacuated with the flap 14 open until reaching a preselected negative pressure.
- Fig. 1 apparent device a regulator 16 which is connected to the two sensors 3, 4 and the two control valves 7, 8 and this in Depending on the determined inner and outer pressures controls so that either by means of the pressure vessel 5 selectively introduces an additional amount of air into the room 1 or by means of the vacuum tank 6 targeted excess excess air is withdrawn from the room 1.
- a regulator 16 which is connected to the two sensors 3, 4 and the two control valves 7, 8 and this in Depending on the determined inner and outer pressures controls so that either by means of the pressure vessel 5 selectively introduces an additional amount of air into the room 1 or by means of the vacuum tank 6 targeted excess excess air is withdrawn from the room 1.
- Fig. 1 therefore essentially as follows:
- the control valve 7 is opened and air is admitted from the overpressure container 5 into the space 1.
- the control valve 8 is more or less widely opened, thereby air from the room 1 in the vacuum tank 6 to escape and thereby at least partially compensate for a pressure increase in the room 1. As a result, it is also possible to react very quickly to an increase in the external pressure.
- control valves 7, 8 always react in response to the once established control behavior of the device in the same way to differences between the external and internal pressure in order to keep these differences as small as possible.
- the rate of change of the internal pressure is limited at least to such a value that is compatible with the compatibility limit of the passengers. This avoids an abrupt pressure equalization according to the possible rapid fluctuations of the external pressure and ensures that no unpleasant pressure on the ears of the passengers can act. This is especially true for short-term, only a few seconds lasting pressure fluctuations od with large, sluggish fans, pumps. Like. Not be compensated.
- the control valves 7, 8 are closed, the flaps 10, 14 open and the pressure vessel 5, 6 filled with the help of the fans 11 and pumps 15 to reach a preselected positive or negative pressure again with air or evacuated. Subsequently, the flaps 10, 14 can be closed again. Since a control process normally needs to be done only in relatively large time intervals, z. B. in successive tunnel passages, the fans 11 and 15 pumps can be dimensioned comparatively small. In addition, the flaps 10, 14 need only be electrically or by other means in each case an open and closed position be brought, ie, a regulation of their respective opening cross-section is not required.
- the controller 16 together with the sensors 3 and 4, the control valves 7 and 8 and the containers 5 and 6, a control device according to the invention and can after Fig. 1 be formed in principle arbitrary, ie in particular electronically, pneumatically or otherwise operated.
- the controller 16 for example, accordingly Fig. 2 educated.
- the controller 16 contains a connected to the sensors 3, 4 control device 18, in addition to the sensor signals and other information such.
- those may be supplied which indicate the driving speed, the position of the vehicle, the route profile (eg gradient or gradient sections in the travel path) or the like.
- a favorable setpoint curve which is preferably previously calculated on the basis of the known course of the route, is generated in the control device 18 and output at an output 19 of the control device 18.
- the regulation is therefore not based on a fixed, but on the basis of a time-variable setpoint.
- the desired value curve is constantly compared with the respective actual value of the internal pressure by means of a comparator 20, to which the output signals of the sensor 3 are also supplied.
- the difference between the two values is supplied to a control module 21 which, depending on the case, emits an actuating signal at an output 22 connected to the control valve 7 or at an output 23 connected to the control valve 8.
- the control valves 7, 8 are adjusted so that the desired pressure compensation is obtained.
- the setpoint values at the output 19 are thus time-variable reference variables which ensure that the control valves 7, 8 are opened at any time as far as is desired in order to achieve a preselected pressure change rate in the space 1.
- the time-varying desired pressure curve is preferably selected such that, under all circumstances, any given comfort criteria (eg UIC 660) are observed.
- the device after Fig. 1 allows at any time an active control of the internal pressure in the room 1 against both increased and reduced external pressures.
- Such a case can be z.
- the pressure compensation in such a case except by means of the device according to Fig. 1 also with the help of a device Fig. 3 , in the same parts with the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 are accelerated.
- the vehicle wall 2 here merely has an opening 25 leading to the external environment, which opening can be opened more or less widely with a control valve 26.
- a control device accordingly Fig. 1 and 2 be used.
- the regulator 16 opens the control valve 26 such that a pressure equalization between outside and inside, while adhering to the UIC criteria or other rules, but still with a pressure change rate, which is much greater than would result if the assumed tight Room 1 would be left to itself. In this way, the waiting time to open the vehicle doors essential and z. B. be reduced to a few seconds, which is barely perceived by the passengers.
- 4 to 6 show some examples of possible pressure curves, wherein along the abscissa the time and along the ordinate the pressure is plotted in arbitrary units.
- pN indicates the normal external pressure in the external environment, the z. B. on a free, traversed by a train route prevails.
- Fig. 4 is assumed to be a train with a room 1 after Fig. 1 moving carriage body along a predetermined distance and at a time t1 introduces into a tunnel A. Furthermore, it is assumed that the external pressure drops abruptly along a dashed line 28 to a comparatively low value p1, the z. B. by 3000 Pa lower than the pressure pN, while the tunnel passage this value p1 retains and after leaving the tunnel at a time t2 abruptly increases back to the value pN. It is further assumed that the train enters at a time t3 in a second tunnel B, in which a station is provided in which the train comes to a standstill at a time t4. In this tunnel B, the external pressure initially drops along a dashed curve 29 z. B. only to a value p2 from, to assume the normal pressure pN when the train stops at a time t4.
- Fig. 4 exemplified along dash-dotted curves 30 and 31, the course of the internal pressure in a poorly sealed room 1 of the train shown.
- the internal pressure follows the curves 28 and 29 comparatively quickly, ie pressure equalization takes place automatically and without much delay.
- the internal pressure at the time t2 has already reached the minimum external pressure p1
- the internal pressure again corresponds to the normal external pressure pN.
- the pressure changes shown are on the one hand so fast that they are unpleasant for the passengers.
- the leak of the space 1 also means that the internal pressure after the stop of the train in the station B at time t4 relatively quickly rises again to the normal pressure PN and reaches this at about a time t6, so that the vehicle doors at time t6 can be opened easily.
- the vehicle doors must not be opened either at the time t4 or at the time t6, because at these times the passengers are in danger of pressure shock. Rather, it is necessary to wait until the internal pressure approximately at time t7 has approached the external pressure pN sufficiently.
- Fig. 5 shows the pressure gradients when using the basis of the Fig. 1
- the same conditions as in Fig. 4 assumed (curves 28, 29 and 30, 31).
- the described control when entering the tunnel A, the described control, as soon as the external pressure is sufficiently smaller than the internal pressure, then the control valve 7 is first opened and air so quickly from the pressure vessel 5 into the room 1 admitted that the internal pressure only gradually along a solid curve 34 in FIG Fig. 5 decreases to a value p4.
- the regulation is preferably carried out in this area such that the pressure change speed given by the slope of the curve 34 does not exceed the compatibility limits for the passengers at any point.
- After leaving the tunnel A can be achieved by closing the control valve 7 and opening the control valve 8 that temporarily air from the space 1 flows into the vacuum tank 6 and thereby an abrupt increase in the internal pressure is reduced to the value pN. Also in this case, the scheme is carried out expediently taking into account the comfort limits.
- Fig. 6 finally shows the influence of a device Fig. 3 on the pressure curve in a well-sealed room 1, wherein in the area of the tunnel A the same conditions as in Fig. 4 result (curves 28, 29 and 32, 33). Since here in the area of the tunnel A the comfort limit is not exceeded, an internal pressure control is not required.
- the rate of pressure change is chosen so that the required pressure equalization is completed at about time t8, which is substantially closer to time t4 (stop of the vehicle at station B) than time t7. Therefore, the vehicle doors can be opened already at time t8, without causing the passengers an unpleasant pressure on the ears.
- the methods and devices according to the invention can not be applied only to closed spaces of vehicles. Similar problems may also occur in connection with stationary rooms such. B. associated with laboratories that are used for biological or chemical purposes. Although there is usually not the requirement that such rapid pressure changes must be avoided, which are perceived by the people working in the lab as unpleasant. However, it must often be ensured that the temporary opening of a door or a Regardless of whether a lock od. Like. Is present, does not cause air containing harmful substances such. B. bacteria or viruses is added, escapes from such a room to the outside or vice versa enters the room from the outside. With the help of the device Fig.
- the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, which can be modified in many ways. This applies in particular to the size and the number of pressure vessels 5 and 6 provided per room 1. Particularly in the case of larger rooms, it may be expedient to provide a plurality of containers 5 and / or 6 in order to introduce or extract the air at various points. Furthermore, it is possible for the openings provided in the walls of the room to lead to the external environment (for example 25 in Fig. 3 ) to use those openings that are already present in rooms with air conditioners anyway, and if necessary to provide these openings with control valves. In addition, it is expedient to close any existing other openings during those times in which the described control device works.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
- Ventilation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und eine Vorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 6.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of
In geschlossenen Fahrgastzellen verschiedener Fahrzeuge wie Eisenbahnen, Magnet-Sehwebebahnen und Flugzeugen, die hohe Maximalgeschwindigkeiten ermöglichen, kann es beim Betrieb zu unerwünschten Druckänderungen kommen. Eine Ursache hierfür sind bei Eisenbahnen und Magnetschwebefabrzeugen z. B. schnelle, zu Druckwellen führenden Durchfahrten durch enge Tunnel oder Zugbegegnungen auf dicht nebeneinander verlegten Fahrwegen. Da derartige Druckänderungen von den Fahrgästen ab einer bestimmten Druckänderungsgeschwindigkeit als unangenehmer Druck auf den Ohren wahrgenommen werden, wurden vom internationalen Eisenbahnverband UIC Richtlinien (UIC 660) mit Komfortgrenzen für derartige Druckänderungen erlassen. Bei Flugzeugen ergeben sich ähnliche Probleme, wenn sich die Flughöhen schnell ändern, da der Luftdruck mit steigender Höhe abnimmt.In enclosed passenger compartments of various vehicles, such as railways, magnetic levitation trains and aircraft, which allow high maximum speeds, undesirable pressure changes may occur during operation. One reason for this are in railways and Magnetschwebefabrzeugen z. As fast leading to pressure waves passages through narrow tunnels or train encounters on closely spaced routes. Since such pressure changes are perceived by the passengers from a certain pressure change rate as unpleasant pressure on the ears, the International Union of Railways UIC guidelines (UIC 660) were issued with comfort limits for such pressure changes. For aircraft, similar problems arise when altitudes change rapidly as air pressure decreases with altitude.
Zur Vermeidung dieses Problems ist es bei Eisenbahnen, insbesondere bei Hochgeschwindigkeitszügen bekannt, die Wagenkästen möglichst druckdicht auszubilden, um dadurch die Geschwindigkeit der Druckänderungen, die sich als Folge von Änderungen des Außendrucks in den Innenräumen ergeben können, so stark zu begrenzen, dass sie von den Passagieren nicht mehr als unangenehm empfunden werden. Zur Herstellung der erforderliche Dichtigkeit ist es allerdings erforderlich, vorhandene Türen, Fenster, Wagenübergänge usw. mit Dichtungen zu versehen, Klimaanlagen od. dgl. mit der Luftzufuhr und -abfuhr dienenden, verschließbaren Ventilen auszurüsten, die z. B. bei der Einfahrt in einen Tunnel geschlossen und bei der Ausfahrt aus einem Tunnel wieder geöffnet werden, und die Wagenkastenstruktur weitgehend ohne offene Durchbrüche zu realisieren. Entsprechendes gilt für Magnetschwebebahnen. Eine andere Möglichkeit zur Vermeidung unangenehmer Druckänderungen besteht darin, das Verhältnis des Tunnelquerscbnitts zum Fabrzeugquerschnitt ausreichend groß zu wählen und Zugbegegnungen nur bei ausreichend weit beabstandeten Fahrwegen zuzulassen oder in Tunneln ganz zu vermeiden, um dadurch die Größe der Druckwelle zu reduzieren.To avoid this problem, it is known in railways, especially in high-speed trains, to form the car bodies as pressure-tight as possible, thereby limiting the speed of pressure changes, which may arise as a result of changes in the external pressure in the interiors, so strong that they Passengers are no longer perceived as unpleasant. To produce the required tightness, however, it is necessary to provide existing doors, windows, car transitions, etc. with seals, air conditioners od. Like. Equipped with the air supply and removal, provide closable valves, the z. B. closed at the entrance to a tunnel and be opened again at the exit from a tunnel, and to realize the car body structure largely without open breakthroughs. The same applies to magnetic levitation railways. A Another possibility for avoiding unpleasant pressure changes is to choose the ratio of Tunnelquerscbnitts to Fabrzeugquerschnitt sufficiently large and allow Zugbegegnungen only with sufficiently widely spaced routes or in tunnels completely avoided, thereby reducing the size of the pressure wave.
Demgegenüber wird im Flugzeugbau vorgesehen, den Luftdruck in den Fahrgastzelle mit Hilfe von leistungsstarken, an den Luftein- bzw. Luftauslässen angebrachten Ventilatoren zu regeln. Derartige Regelungen sind für einen dauerhaften Druckausgleich konzipiert und würden bei sehr schnellen Druckänderungen, wie sie z. B. bei Tunneldurchfahrten auftreten, unverhältnismäßig große Ventilatoren erfordern, die außerdem noch hochdynamisch auf schnelle Außendruckänderungen reagieren können.In contrast, it is provided in aircraft, to regulate the air pressure in the passenger compartment by means of powerful, attached to the air inlet and outlet air fans. Such regulations are designed for a permanent pressure equalization and would at very rapid pressure changes, as z. B. occur in tunnel passages require disproportionately large fans, which also can still react highly dynamically to rapid changes in external pressure.
Die
Das technische Problem der Erfindung besteht daher darin, die eingangs bezeichneten Verfahren und Vorrichtungen so zu gestalten, dass ohne großen Aufwand insbesondere schnelle Innendruckänderungen vermieden und damit Beeinträchtigungen der in den geschlossenen Räumen befindlichen Personen vermieden werden können.The technical problem of the invention is therefore to design the methods and devices described at the outset in such a way that, in particular, rapid changes in internal pressure are avoided without great effort and thus impairments of the persons in the closed spaces can be avoided.
Gelöst wird dieses Problem erfindungsgemäß mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen der Ansprüche 1 und 6.This problem is solved according to the invention with the characterizing features of
Die Erfindung beruht auf dem Gedanken, eine von außen her in dem geschlossenen Raum induzierte, schnelle Druckänderung in Form eines Unterdrucks zumindest teilweise dadurch zu kompensieren, dass dem Raum eine entsprechende Luftmenge zugeführt wird. In analoger Weise wird dem Raum beim plötzlichen Auftreten eines Überdrucks eine entsprechende Luftmenge entnommen. Insbesondere erfolgt die Regelung des Innendrucks so, dass Druckänderungen mit einer vorgewählten Druckänderungsgeschwindigkeit erfolgen. Dadurch ist es möglich, die im Raum befindlichen Personen vor unangenehmen, den Fahrkomfort beeinträchtigenden Druckänderungen zu bewahren. Erfindungsgemäß erfolgt die Zufuhr oder Abfuhr der Luft mit Hilfe eines Über- oder Unterdruckbehälters, wodurch die Anwendung aufwendiger Gebläse, Pumpen od. dgl. vermieden werden kann,The invention is based on the idea of at least partially compensating for a rapid change in pressure in the form of a negative pressure, induced from the outside in the closed space, by supplying a corresponding quantity of air to the space. In an analogous manner, a corresponding amount of air is taken from the room during the sudden occurrence of overpressure. In particular, the regulation of the internal pressure takes place so that pressure changes take place at a preselected pressure change rate. This makes it possible to protect the people in the room from unpleasant, affecting the ride comfort pressure changes. According to the invention, the supply or removal of the air by means of a positive or negative pressure vessel, whereby the application of complex blower, pumps od. Like. Can be avoided
Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous features of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in Verbindung mit den beiliegenden Zeichnungen an Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:
-
Fig. 1 schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer vollständigen Innendruckregelung für einen geschlossenen Raum; -
Fig. 2 ein Blockschaltbild einer Regeleinrichtung für eine Innendruckregelung nachFig. 1 ; -
Fig. 3 schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer nur teilweisen Innendruckregelung für einen geschlossenen Raum, die nicht von der Erfindung umfasst ist; -
Fig. 4 beispielhaft mögliche Druckverläufe im Wagenkasten eines spurgebundenen Fahrzeugs während einer Fahrt durch einen Tunnel; -
Fig. 5 in einer derFig. 4 entsprechenden Darstellung den Druckverlauf in einem vergleichsweise schlecht abgedichteten Raum bei Anwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Innendruckregelung; und -
Fig. 6 eine derFig. 5 entsprechende Darstellung für den Druckverlauf in einem vergleichsweise gut abgedichteten Raum bei Anwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Innendruckregelung.
-
Fig. 1 schematically an embodiment of a complete internal pressure control for a closed space; -
Fig. 2 a block diagram of a control device for an internal pressure control afterFig. 1 ; -
Fig. 3 schematically an embodiment of a partial internal pressure control for a closed space, which is not included in the invention; -
Fig. 4 exemplary possible pressure gradients in the body of a track-bound vehicle while driving through a tunnel; -
Fig. 5 in one of theFig. 4 corresponding representation of the pressure curve in a comparatively poorly sealed space when using an internal pressure control according to the invention; and -
Fig. 6 one of theFig. 5 corresponding representation of the pressure curve in a comparatively well-sealed room when using an internal pressure control according to the invention.
Gemäß
Der Überdruckbehälter 5 ist mit einem Regelventil 7 versehen, durch das, ggf. über wenigstens eine angeschlossene Leitung, Druckluft aus dem Überdruckbehälter 5 in den Raum 1 strömen kann. Der Unterdruckbehälter 6 ist mit einem Regelventil 8 versehen, durch das, ggf. über wenigstens eine angeschlossene Leitung, Luft aus dem Raum 1 in den Unterdruckbehälter 6 strömen kann. Die Geschwindigkeit, mit der die Regelventile 7, 8 von der Luft durchströmt werden, kann durch Steuerung der Öffnungsquerschnitte der Regelventile 7, 8 eingestellt werden, vorzugsweise mit Hilfe elektrischer Steuersignale, die einem elektrischen oder elektromagnetischen Stellorgan der Regelventile 7, 8 zugeführt werden.The
Weiterhin ist der Überdruckbehälter 5 über eine Leitung 9 mit einer an die äußere Umgebung führenden, in der Fahrzeugwand 2 ausgebildeten Öffnung verbunden, die mit einer Klappe 10 od. dgl. druckdicht verschlossen werden kann. In der Leitung 9 befindet sich ein Ventilator oder Kompressor 11, mit dem der Druckbehälter 5 bei geöffneter Klappe 10 bis zum Erreichen eines vorgewählten Überdrucks mit Druckluft gefüllt werden kann. Der Unterdruckbehälter 6 ist über eine Leitung 12 mit einer an die äußere Umgebung führenden, in der Fahrzeugwand 2 ausgebildeten Öffnung verbunden, die mit einer Klappe 14 od. dgl. druckdicht verschlossen werden kann. In der Leitung 12 befindet sich eine Pumpe 15, mit welcher der Unterdruckbehälter 6 bei geöffneter Klappe 14 bis zum Erreichen eines vorgewählten Unterdrucks evakuiert werden kann.Furthermore, the
Schließlich enthält die aus
Melden die Sensoren 3 und 4, dass der Außendruck kleiner als der Innendruck ist und/oder sich der Innendruck unzulässig schnell verrringert, wird das Regelventil 7 geöffnet und Luft aus dem Überdruckbehälter 5 in den Raum 1 eingelassen. Dadurch werden insbesondere solche schnellen Änderungen des Innendrucks im Raum 1, die zu einem kleiner werdenden Innendruck führen würden, durch die geregelte Zufuhr von Luft zumindest teilweise kompensiert, wobei durch ein mehr oder weniger weites Öffnen des Regelventils 7 bei Bedarf auch sehr schnell auf Schwankungen des Außendrucks reagiert werden kann. In entsprechender Weise wird, wenn die Sensoren 3 und 4 melden, dass der Außendruck größer als der Innendruck ist und/oder sich der Innendruck unzulässig schnell erhöht, das Regelventil 8 mehr oder weniger weit geöffnet, um dadurch Luft aus dem Raum 1 in den Unterdruckbehälter 6 entweichen zu lassen und dadurch einen Druckanstieg im Raum 1 zumindest teilweise zu kompensieren. Dadurch kann auch sehr schnell auf eine Erhöhung des Außendrucks reagiert werden.If the
Bei normaler Regelung werden die Regelventile 7, 8 in Abhängigkeit vom einmal festgelegten Regelverhalten der Vorrichtung stets in gleicher Weise auf Differenzen zwischen dem Außen- und Innendruck reagieren, um diese Differenzen möglichst klein zu halten. Erfindungsgemäß wird es jedoch als besonders vorteilhaft angesehen, die Regelung so vorzunehmen, dass die Änderungsgeschwindigkeit des Innendrucks zumindest auf einen solchen Wert begrenzt wird, der mit der Verträglichkeitsgrenze der Passagiere vereinbar ist. Dadurch wird ein abrupter Druckausgleich entsprechend den möglichen schnellen Schwankungen des Außendrucks vermieden und sichergestellt, dass kein unangenehmer Druck auf die Ohren der Passagiere wirken kann. Dies gilt insbesondere für kurzzeitige, nur wenige Sekunden dauernde Druckschwankungen, die mit großen, trägen Ventilatoren, Pumpen od. dgl. nicht kompensiert werden könnten.Under normal control, the
Nach Abschluss des gewünschten Druckausgleichs werden die Regelventile 7, 8 geschlossen, die Klappen 10, 14 geöffnet und die Druckbehälter 5, 6 mit Hilfe der Ventilatoren 11 und Pumpen 15 bis zum Erreichen eines vorgewählten Über- bzw. Unterdrucks wieder mit Luft gefüllt bzw. evakuiert. Anschließend können die Klappen 10, 14 erneut geschlossen werden. Da ein Regelvorgang normalerweise nur in vergleichsweise großen zeitlichen Abständen erfolgen muss, z. B. bei aufeinander folgenden Tunneldurchfahrten, können die Ventilatoren 11 und Pumpen 15 vergleichsweise klein dimensioniert werden. Außerdem brauchen die Klappen 10, 14 nur elektrisch oder mit anderen Mitteln in je eine Offen- und Schließstellung bringbar sein, d. h. eine Regelung ihres jeweiligen Öffnungsquerschnitts ist nicht erforderlich.After completion of the desired pressure equalization, the
Der Regler 16 bildet zusammen mit den Sensoren 3 und 4, den Regelventilen 7 und 8 sowie den Behältern 5 und 6 eine erfindungsgemäße Regeleinrichtung und kann nach
Wird im Hinblick auf die Dimensionierung des Überdruckberhälters 5 beispielsweise von einem Volumen des Raums 1 von 150 m3 ausgegangen, dann würde eine Druckabnahme im Raum 1 von 1000 Pa/10s, wie sie nach UIC 660 gerade noch zulässig ist, rechnerisch einem Luftmassenstrom von ca. 0,15 kg/s entsprechen, wenn ein adiabatischer Ausströmvorgang aus dem Druckbehälter 5 angenommen wird. Soll dieser Luftmassenstrom vollständig aus dem Druckbehälter 5 ausgeglichen werden, muss der das Regelventil 7 durchströmen. Ist der Druckbehälter 5 beispielsweise mit einem Überdruck von 2 bar = 2 • 105 Pa mit Luft gefüllt, dann entspricht das einem Luftvolumenstrom von ca. 0,06 m3/s. Dabei kühlt sich die ausströmende Luft zwar um ca. 50 °C gegenüber der Temperatur im Druckbehälter 5 ab, doch ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass die Luft sehr schnell in den Raum einströmt und daher auch bei Druckänderungen wirksam werden kann, die sich nur über eine Sekunde oder wenig mehr erstrecken. Entsprechende Berechnungen lassen sich für den Fall anstellen, dass der Unterdruckbehälter 6 zum schnellen Ausgleich von Druckspitzen benötigt wird. Außerdem zeigen die Berechnungen, dass unter den gegebenen Umständen das Volu- men der Druckbehälter 5, 6 in der Regel nicht größer sein muss, als z. B. einem Prozent des Volumens des Raums 1 entspricht.If, for example, a volume of the
Die Vorrichtung nach
Erfindungsgemäß kann der Druckausgleich in einem solchen Fall außer mit Hilfe der Vorrichtung nach
Bei Anwendung der Vorrichtung nach
In
Weiterhin ist in
In
Im Bereich des Tunnels B können ähnliche Druckverläufe realisiert werden, wie eine durchgezogene Kurve 35 in
Dagegen ist für diesen Fall eine Innendruckregelung im Tunnel B unter Anwendung der Vorrichtung nach
Wie
Die erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und Vorrichtungen können nicht nur auf geschlossene Räume von Fahrzeugen angewendet werden. Ähnliche Probleme können sich auch in Verbindung mit stationären Räumen wie z. B. in Verbindung mit Labors ergeben, die für biologische oder chemische Zwecke genutzt werden. Hierbei besteht zwar in der Regel nicht die Forderung, dass solche schnellen Druckänderungen vermieden werden müssen, die von den in den Labors tätigen Personen als unangenehm empfunden werden. Es muss jedoch häufig sichergestellt werden, dass das kurzzeitige Öffnen einer Tür oder eines Fensters unabhängig davon, ob eine Schleuse od. dgl. vorhanden ist, nicht dazu führt, dass Luft, die mit schädlichen Stoffen wie z. B. Bakterien oder Viren versetzt ist, aus einem solchen Raum nach außen entweicht oder umgekehrt von außen in den Raum eindringt. Mit Hilfe der Vorrichtung nach
Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt, die auf vielfache Weise abgewandelt werden können. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Größe und die Zahl der pro Raum 1 vorgesehenen Druckbehälter 5 und 6. Insbesondere bei größeren Räumen kann es zweckmäßig sein, mehrere Behälter 5 und/oder 6 vorzusehen, um die Luft an verschiedenen Stellen einzulassen oder abzusaugen. Weiter ist es möglich, für die in den Wänden des Raums vorgesehenen, an die äußere Umgebung führenden Öffnungen (z. B. 25 in
Claims (12)
- A method for avoiding rapid changes in the air pressure in an enclosed space (1) induced by an external environment, wherein at least the internal pressure in the space (1) is monitored and rapid changes in the internal pressure are at least partially compensated for by a controlled supply or removal of air, characterised in that the supply or removal of the air takes place with the aid, respectively, of at least one over-pressure or under-pressure container (5, 6).
- The method according to claim 1, characterised in that the supply or removal of air is controlled in such a way that a preselected pressure change rate is obtained in the space (1).
- The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the control is carried out using a preselected setpoint pressure curve for the internal pressure.
- The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the control takes place observing preselected comfort criteria.
- The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the supply of air takes place with the aid of at least one control valve (7, 8, 26) leading to the external environment.
- A device for avoiding rapid changes in the air pressure in an enclosed space (1) induced by an external environment, which comprises at least one pressure sensor (3) to be arranged in the space (1), a means for supplying and removing air and a control device, containing the pressure sensor (3) and the means, for the at least partial compensation of the rapid pressure changes, characterised in that the means comprises an over-pressure and/or under-pressure container (5, 6) for air, said means being provided with a control valve (7, 8), and the control device is equipped for controlling the position of the control valve (7, 8).
- The device according to claim 6, characterised in that the means comprises at least one control valve (26) leading to the external environment and the control device is equipped for controlling the position of the control valve (26).
- The device according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the control device comprises a pressure sensor (4) for determining the air pressure in the external environment.
- The device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that a time-variable control variable adapted to a preselected setpoint pressure curve is inputted as a setpoint value (19) into the control device.
- The device according to claim 9, characterised in that the setpoint pressure curve is constructed observing preselected comfort criteria.
- A rail-borne vehicle, in particular a magnetic levitation vehicle, characterised in that a device according to any one of claims 6 to 10 is installed in the vehicle in order to control the pressure change rate.
- The rail-borne vehicle according to claim 11, characterised in that the device for controlling the pressure change rate in a well sealed space (1) of the vehicle is provided with at least one control valve (26) leading to the external environment.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102007019014A DE102007019014A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2007-04-18 | Method and apparatus for avoiding rapid changes in internal pressure in a closed space |
PCT/DE2008/000464 WO2008128492A1 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2008-03-20 | Method and device for preventing fast changes of the internal pressure in an enclosed room |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2137045A1 EP2137045A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
EP2137045B1 true EP2137045B1 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
Family
ID=39671574
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20080734402 Active EP2137045B1 (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2008-03-20 | Method and device for preventing fast changes of the internal pressure in an enclosed room |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100101656A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2137045B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101657346B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE515419T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102007019014A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2369118T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008128492A1 (en) |
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DE102011081070A1 (en) * | 2011-08-17 | 2013-02-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Device and method for active pressure control in rail vehicles |
US10386863B2 (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2019-08-20 | Fuiikin Incorporated | Pressure-type flow controller |
DE102015101522A1 (en) * | 2015-02-03 | 2016-08-04 | Faiveley Transport Leipzig Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for controlling at least one actuator of a pressure protection system for a rail vehicle |
CN108839662A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-11-20 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | A kind of rail vehicle internal pressure is tried hard to keep maintaining method, apparatus and system |
CN109747673B (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2021-02-05 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Vehicle internal pressure adjusting device and method |
WO2020194566A1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-01 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Ventilation device for railway vehicles |
CN110395284A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-01 | 常州大学 | A kind of high speed subway train interior pressure intelligence control system |
CN112286264A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-01-29 | 深圳永晟中业达健康科技有限公司 | Low-pressure cabin control method and system |
CN113602939B (en) * | 2021-07-19 | 2022-10-25 | 嘉兴市特种设备检验检测院 | Detection method suitable for detecting air pressure in running car of high-speed elevator |
CN114563187B (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-07-12 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Pressure control device and method for climate laboratory aircraft engine driving test room |
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-
2007
- 2007-04-18 DE DE102007019014A patent/DE102007019014A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-03-20 EP EP20080734402 patent/EP2137045B1/en active Active
- 2008-03-20 WO PCT/DE2008/000464 patent/WO2008128492A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-03-20 AT AT08734402T patent/ATE515419T1/en active
- 2008-03-20 CN CN2008800123771A patent/CN101657346B/en active Active
- 2008-03-20 US US12/593,017 patent/US20100101656A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-03-20 ES ES08734402T patent/ES2369118T3/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2137045A1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
US20100101656A1 (en) | 2010-04-29 |
DE102007019014A1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
WO2008128492A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
ES2369118T3 (en) | 2011-11-25 |
ATE515419T1 (en) | 2011-07-15 |
CN101657346B (en) | 2012-09-05 |
CN101657346A (en) | 2010-02-24 |
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