EP2137045B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour éviter des variations rapides de la pression interne dans un espace fermé - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour éviter des variations rapides de la pression interne dans un espace fermé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2137045B1
EP2137045B1 EP20080734402 EP08734402A EP2137045B1 EP 2137045 B1 EP2137045 B1 EP 2137045B1 EP 20080734402 EP20080734402 EP 20080734402 EP 08734402 A EP08734402 A EP 08734402A EP 2137045 B1 EP2137045 B1 EP 2137045B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
air
control
internal pressure
control valve
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EP20080734402
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2137045A1 (fr
Inventor
Qinghua Zheng
Florian Dignath
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ThyssenKrupp Transrapid GmbH
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ThyssenKrupp Transrapid GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/0009—Means for controlling or equalizing air pressure shocks in trains, e.g. when passing or crossing in tunnels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0396—Involving pressure control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2544—Supply and exhaust type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1 and a device according to the preamble of claim 6.
  • the DE 102 33 517 A1 discloses a method of avoiding rapid changes in air pressure in a confined space reduced by an external environment, monitoring the pressure in the space and the environment, and occluding air inlets and outlets depending on the pressure difference to avoid sudden changes Pressure changes outside of the closed space can also affect within the closed space.
  • the flow paths of the ventilation system are closed accordingly at pressure differences, whereby rapid changes within the closed space are partially avoided.
  • ambient air may also occur outside the ventilation system, for example through windows, doors or the like, if the closed space is not completely sealed.
  • the from the DE 102 33 517 known device is not suitable to compensate for such unavoidable pressure fluctuations by an active supply or discharge of air.
  • the technical problem of the invention is therefore to design the methods and devices described at the outset in such a way that, in particular, rapid changes in internal pressure are avoided without great effort and thus impairments of the persons in the closed spaces can be avoided.
  • the invention is based on the idea of at least partially compensating for a rapid change in pressure in the form of a negative pressure, induced from the outside in the closed space, by supplying a corresponding quantity of air to the space.
  • a corresponding amount of air is taken from the room during the sudden occurrence of overpressure.
  • the regulation of the internal pressure takes place so that pressure changes take place at a preselected pressure change rate. This makes it possible to protect the people in the room from unpleasant, affecting the ride comfort pressure changes.
  • the supply or removal of the air by means of a positive or negative pressure vessel, whereby the application of complex blower, pumps od. Like. Can be avoided
  • Fig. 1 Fig. 12 schematically shows a presently considered best mode of the invention, which allows a full internal pressure control irrespective of whether the external air pressure is greater or less than the air pressure in the space under consideration.
  • Fig. 1 By way of example, it is assumed that the air pressure is to be controlled in a closed space 1, which is the passenger compartment of a high-speed train, z.
  • a magnetic levitation vehicle forms and surrounded by a vehicle wall 2 is.
  • closed is meant that the vehicle wall 2, if not shown, windows and doors are closed, a housing 1 surrounding the housing forms, which od up to the usually existing leaks and possibly existing ventilation openings for air conditioners. Like. is completely tight.
  • space 1 may be both well sealed and less well sealed, depending on its quality, age or other circumstances, as will be apparent from the further description.
  • Fig. 1 is both in the room 1 and outside of it (here referred to as "external environment of the room 1") arranged at least one pressure sensor 3 and 4, by means of which the air pressure in the room 1 (hereinafter referred to briefly as internal pressure) and the air pressure in the external environment (hereinafter referred to as external pressure for short). Further, at least one each pressure vessel 5 and a vacuum container 6 are provided, both either directly in the room 1 or outside of the room 1, z. B. in an adjacent passenger compartment or in a separated area from the room 1 can be arranged, but how the room 1 is a part of the considered vehicle.
  • the overpressure container 5 is provided with a control valve 7, through which, possibly via at least one connected line, compressed air can flow from the overpressure container 5 into the space 1.
  • the vacuum container 6 is provided with a control valve 8, through which, possibly via at least one connected line, air from the space 1 in the vacuum tank 6 can flow.
  • the speed with which the control valves 7, 8 are traversed by the air can be adjusted by controlling the opening cross sections of the control valves 7, 8, preferably by means of electrical control signals which are supplied to an electric or electromagnetic actuator of the control valves 7, 8.
  • the pressure vessel 5 is connected via a line 9 with a leading to the external environment, formed in the vehicle wall 2 opening od with a flap 10.
  • line 9 is a fan or compressor 11, with which the pressure vessel 5 can be filled with open flap 10 to reach a preselected pressure with compressed air.
  • the vacuum tank 6 is connected via a line 12 with a leading to the external environment, formed in the vehicle wall 2 opening od with a flap 14. The like. Pressure-tight can be closed.
  • line 12 is a pump 15, with which the vacuum container 6 can be evacuated with the flap 14 open until reaching a preselected negative pressure.
  • Fig. 1 apparent device a regulator 16 which is connected to the two sensors 3, 4 and the two control valves 7, 8 and this in Depending on the determined inner and outer pressures controls so that either by means of the pressure vessel 5 selectively introduces an additional amount of air into the room 1 or by means of the vacuum tank 6 targeted excess excess air is withdrawn from the room 1.
  • a regulator 16 which is connected to the two sensors 3, 4 and the two control valves 7, 8 and this in Depending on the determined inner and outer pressures controls so that either by means of the pressure vessel 5 selectively introduces an additional amount of air into the room 1 or by means of the vacuum tank 6 targeted excess excess air is withdrawn from the room 1.
  • Fig. 1 therefore essentially as follows:
  • the control valve 7 is opened and air is admitted from the overpressure container 5 into the space 1.
  • the control valve 8 is more or less widely opened, thereby air from the room 1 in the vacuum tank 6 to escape and thereby at least partially compensate for a pressure increase in the room 1. As a result, it is also possible to react very quickly to an increase in the external pressure.
  • control valves 7, 8 always react in response to the once established control behavior of the device in the same way to differences between the external and internal pressure in order to keep these differences as small as possible.
  • the rate of change of the internal pressure is limited at least to such a value that is compatible with the compatibility limit of the passengers. This avoids an abrupt pressure equalization according to the possible rapid fluctuations of the external pressure and ensures that no unpleasant pressure on the ears of the passengers can act. This is especially true for short-term, only a few seconds lasting pressure fluctuations od with large, sluggish fans, pumps. Like. Not be compensated.
  • the control valves 7, 8 are closed, the flaps 10, 14 open and the pressure vessel 5, 6 filled with the help of the fans 11 and pumps 15 to reach a preselected positive or negative pressure again with air or evacuated. Subsequently, the flaps 10, 14 can be closed again. Since a control process normally needs to be done only in relatively large time intervals, z. B. in successive tunnel passages, the fans 11 and 15 pumps can be dimensioned comparatively small. In addition, the flaps 10, 14 need only be electrically or by other means in each case an open and closed position be brought, ie, a regulation of their respective opening cross-section is not required.
  • the controller 16 together with the sensors 3 and 4, the control valves 7 and 8 and the containers 5 and 6, a control device according to the invention and can after Fig. 1 be formed in principle arbitrary, ie in particular electronically, pneumatically or otherwise operated.
  • the controller 16 for example, accordingly Fig. 2 educated.
  • the controller 16 contains a connected to the sensors 3, 4 control device 18, in addition to the sensor signals and other information such.
  • those may be supplied which indicate the driving speed, the position of the vehicle, the route profile (eg gradient or gradient sections in the travel path) or the like.
  • a favorable setpoint curve which is preferably previously calculated on the basis of the known course of the route, is generated in the control device 18 and output at an output 19 of the control device 18.
  • the regulation is therefore not based on a fixed, but on the basis of a time-variable setpoint.
  • the desired value curve is constantly compared with the respective actual value of the internal pressure by means of a comparator 20, to which the output signals of the sensor 3 are also supplied.
  • the difference between the two values is supplied to a control module 21 which, depending on the case, emits an actuating signal at an output 22 connected to the control valve 7 or at an output 23 connected to the control valve 8.
  • the control valves 7, 8 are adjusted so that the desired pressure compensation is obtained.
  • the setpoint values at the output 19 are thus time-variable reference variables which ensure that the control valves 7, 8 are opened at any time as far as is desired in order to achieve a preselected pressure change rate in the space 1.
  • the time-varying desired pressure curve is preferably selected such that, under all circumstances, any given comfort criteria (eg UIC 660) are observed.
  • the device after Fig. 1 allows at any time an active control of the internal pressure in the room 1 against both increased and reduced external pressures.
  • Such a case can be z.
  • the pressure compensation in such a case except by means of the device according to Fig. 1 also with the help of a device Fig. 3 , in the same parts with the same reference numerals as in Fig. 1 are accelerated.
  • the vehicle wall 2 here merely has an opening 25 leading to the external environment, which opening can be opened more or less widely with a control valve 26.
  • a control device accordingly Fig. 1 and 2 be used.
  • the regulator 16 opens the control valve 26 such that a pressure equalization between outside and inside, while adhering to the UIC criteria or other rules, but still with a pressure change rate, which is much greater than would result if the assumed tight Room 1 would be left to itself. In this way, the waiting time to open the vehicle doors essential and z. B. be reduced to a few seconds, which is barely perceived by the passengers.
  • 4 to 6 show some examples of possible pressure curves, wherein along the abscissa the time and along the ordinate the pressure is plotted in arbitrary units.
  • pN indicates the normal external pressure in the external environment, the z. B. on a free, traversed by a train route prevails.
  • Fig. 4 is assumed to be a train with a room 1 after Fig. 1 moving carriage body along a predetermined distance and at a time t1 introduces into a tunnel A. Furthermore, it is assumed that the external pressure drops abruptly along a dashed line 28 to a comparatively low value p1, the z. B. by 3000 Pa lower than the pressure pN, while the tunnel passage this value p1 retains and after leaving the tunnel at a time t2 abruptly increases back to the value pN. It is further assumed that the train enters at a time t3 in a second tunnel B, in which a station is provided in which the train comes to a standstill at a time t4. In this tunnel B, the external pressure initially drops along a dashed curve 29 z. B. only to a value p2 from, to assume the normal pressure pN when the train stops at a time t4.
  • Fig. 4 exemplified along dash-dotted curves 30 and 31, the course of the internal pressure in a poorly sealed room 1 of the train shown.
  • the internal pressure follows the curves 28 and 29 comparatively quickly, ie pressure equalization takes place automatically and without much delay.
  • the internal pressure at the time t2 has already reached the minimum external pressure p1
  • the internal pressure again corresponds to the normal external pressure pN.
  • the pressure changes shown are on the one hand so fast that they are unpleasant for the passengers.
  • the leak of the space 1 also means that the internal pressure after the stop of the train in the station B at time t4 relatively quickly rises again to the normal pressure PN and reaches this at about a time t6, so that the vehicle doors at time t6 can be opened easily.
  • the vehicle doors must not be opened either at the time t4 or at the time t6, because at these times the passengers are in danger of pressure shock. Rather, it is necessary to wait until the internal pressure approximately at time t7 has approached the external pressure pN sufficiently.
  • Fig. 5 shows the pressure gradients when using the basis of the Fig. 1
  • the same conditions as in Fig. 4 assumed (curves 28, 29 and 30, 31).
  • the described control when entering the tunnel A, the described control, as soon as the external pressure is sufficiently smaller than the internal pressure, then the control valve 7 is first opened and air so quickly from the pressure vessel 5 into the room 1 admitted that the internal pressure only gradually along a solid curve 34 in FIG Fig. 5 decreases to a value p4.
  • the regulation is preferably carried out in this area such that the pressure change speed given by the slope of the curve 34 does not exceed the compatibility limits for the passengers at any point.
  • After leaving the tunnel A can be achieved by closing the control valve 7 and opening the control valve 8 that temporarily air from the space 1 flows into the vacuum tank 6 and thereby an abrupt increase in the internal pressure is reduced to the value pN. Also in this case, the scheme is carried out expediently taking into account the comfort limits.
  • Fig. 6 finally shows the influence of a device Fig. 3 on the pressure curve in a well-sealed room 1, wherein in the area of the tunnel A the same conditions as in Fig. 4 result (curves 28, 29 and 32, 33). Since here in the area of the tunnel A the comfort limit is not exceeded, an internal pressure control is not required.
  • the rate of pressure change is chosen so that the required pressure equalization is completed at about time t8, which is substantially closer to time t4 (stop of the vehicle at station B) than time t7. Therefore, the vehicle doors can be opened already at time t8, without causing the passengers an unpleasant pressure on the ears.
  • the methods and devices according to the invention can not be applied only to closed spaces of vehicles. Similar problems may also occur in connection with stationary rooms such. B. associated with laboratories that are used for biological or chemical purposes. Although there is usually not the requirement that such rapid pressure changes must be avoided, which are perceived by the people working in the lab as unpleasant. However, it must often be ensured that the temporary opening of a door or a Regardless of whether a lock od. Like. Is present, does not cause air containing harmful substances such. B. bacteria or viruses is added, escapes from such a room to the outside or vice versa enters the room from the outside. With the help of the device Fig.
  • the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, which can be modified in many ways. This applies in particular to the size and the number of pressure vessels 5 and 6 provided per room 1. Particularly in the case of larger rooms, it may be expedient to provide a plurality of containers 5 and / or 6 in order to introduce or extract the air at various points. Furthermore, it is possible for the openings provided in the walls of the room to lead to the external environment (for example 25 in Fig. 3 ) to use those openings that are already present in rooms with air conditioners anyway, and if necessary to provide these openings with control valves. In addition, it is expedient to close any existing other openings during those times in which the described control device works.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Ventilation (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé destiné à éviter des variations rapides, induites par un environnement extérieur de la pression d'air dans un espace fermé (1), au moins la pression intérieure étant supervisée dans l'espace (1) et des variations rapides de la pression intérieure étant compensées au moins en partie par une alimentation ou une évacuation réglée d'air, caractérisé en ce que l'alimentation ou l'évacuation de l'air s'effectue à l'aide d'au moins un réservoir à surpression ou à dépression (5, 6).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'alimentation ou l'évacuation d'air est réglée de sorte à obtenir dans l'espace (1) une vitesse prédéfinie de variation de pression.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il est procédé au réglage sous application d'une courbe prédéfinie de pression de consigne pour la pression interne.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le réglage s'effectue sous respect de critères prédéfinis de confort.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'alimentation d'air s'effectue à l'aide d'au moins une soupape de réglage (7, 8, 26) donnant sur l'environnement extérieur.
  6. Dispositif destiné à éviter des variations rapides, induites par un environnement extérieur de la pression d'air dans un espace fermé (1), lequel comporte au moins un capteur de pression (3) devant être disposé dans l'espace (1), un moyen d'alimentation ou d'évacuation d'air et un dispositif de réglage comprenant le capteur de pression (3) et le moyen pour la compensation au moins partielle des variations rapides de pression, caractérisé en ce que le moyen comprend un réservoir de surpression et/ou de dépression (5, 6) muni d'une soupape de réglage (7, 8) pour de l'air et en ce que le dispositif de réglage est installé pour le réglage de la position de la soupape de réglage (7, 8).
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le moyen comporte au moins une soupape de réglage (26) donnant sur l'extérieur et en ce que le dispositif de réglage est installé pour le réglage de la position de la soupape de réglage (26).
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de réglage comporte un capteur de pression (4) pour déterminer la pression d'air dans l'environnement extérieur.
  9. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'une grandeur de guidage variable dans le temps, adaptée à une courbe présélectionnée de pression de consigne est prescrite au dispositif de réglage, en tant que valeur de consigne (19).
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la courbe de pression de consigne est réalisée sous respect de critères prédéfinis de confort.
  11. Véhicule guidé, notamment véhicule à sustentation magnétique, caractérisé en ce que pour le réglage de la vitesse de variation de la pression, un dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10 est installé dans le véhicule.
  12. Véhicule guidé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de réglage de la vitesse de variation de la pression dans un espace (1) rendu bien étanche du véhicule est muni d'au moins une soupape de réglage (26) donnant sur l'extérieur.
EP20080734402 2007-04-18 2008-03-20 Procédé et dispositif pour éviter des variations rapides de la pression interne dans un espace fermé Active EP2137045B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007019014A DE102007019014A1 (de) 2007-04-18 2007-04-18 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Vermeidung schneller Änderungen des Innendrucks in einem geschlossenen Raum
PCT/DE2008/000464 WO2008128492A1 (fr) 2007-04-18 2008-03-20 Procédé et dispositif pour éviter des variations rapides de la pression interne dans un espace fermé

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2137045A1 EP2137045A1 (fr) 2009-12-30
EP2137045B1 true EP2137045B1 (fr) 2011-07-06

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EP20080734402 Active EP2137045B1 (fr) 2007-04-18 2008-03-20 Procédé et dispositif pour éviter des variations rapides de la pression interne dans un espace fermé

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US (1) US20100101656A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2137045B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101657346B (fr)
AT (1) ATE515419T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007019014A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2369118T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008128492A1 (fr)

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ATE515419T1 (de) 2011-07-15
ES2369118T3 (es) 2011-11-25
EP2137045A1 (fr) 2009-12-30
CN101657346A (zh) 2010-02-24
CN101657346B (zh) 2012-09-05
DE102007019014A1 (de) 2008-10-23
WO2008128492A1 (fr) 2008-10-30
US20100101656A1 (en) 2010-04-29

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