EP2136160A2 - Integrated component that includes a collector and an internal heat exchanger as well as a method for manufacturing the component - Google Patents
Integrated component that includes a collector and an internal heat exchanger as well as a method for manufacturing the component Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2136160A2 EP2136160A2 EP20090007585 EP09007585A EP2136160A2 EP 2136160 A2 EP2136160 A2 EP 2136160A2 EP 20090007585 EP20090007585 EP 20090007585 EP 09007585 A EP09007585 A EP 09007585A EP 2136160 A2 EP2136160 A2 EP 2136160A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coiled tubing
- tube
- container
- collector
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
- F25B43/006—Accumulators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
- F25B40/02—Subcoolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
- F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size
Definitions
- the invention relates to an integrated, a collector and an internal heat exchanger comprehensive unit according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing the structural unit according to the preamble of claim 10th
- Integrated assemblies comprising a collector and an internal heat exchanger for a refrigerant circuit are known, especially in CO 2 air conditioners.
- the collector which is arranged in the flow direction behind an evaporator of the refrigerant circuit, the task of separating the liquid and gaseous phase of the refrigerant vapor from each other and also act as a refrigerant reservoir.
- the inner heat exchanger which is arranged in the flow direction behind a gas cooler of the refrigerant circuit, represents a thermal coupling of the high pressure side (gas cooler) and the low pressure side (evaporator) and thus enables heat transfer from the hot to the cold refrigerant side.
- the Applicant has disclosed an integrated header heat exchanger assembly in which a high pressure tube formed as a coiled tubing is disposed in an annular gap between a header outer wall and a header housing inner wall and is fluid tight against both the inner and outer walls. This creates a helical channel through which the low pressure refrigerant flows in countercurrent to the high pressure refrigerant in the coiled tubing.
- the problem with this design is the introduction of the coiled tubing in the annular gap between the two cylinder walls. During the axial insertion of the coiled tubing in the annular gap, there is a risk that the coiled tubing scratched against the cylinder walls and thereby chips can be formed, which would be very harmful for the refrigerant circuit.
- the object of the invention is solved by the features of claim 1.
- the coiled tubing with the inner and outer wall, which form the annular gap forms a frictional connection.
- the coiled tubing is thus frictionally against the cylinder walls both inside and outside and forms a press fit with these.
- the coiled tubing is frictionally fixed relative to the two cylinders of the housing shell and collector.
- the adhesion is caused by radial forces, which result from an elastic tensile stress of the housing shell and a compressive stress of the collector wall.
- By frictional engagement of the coiled tubing a defined helical flow channel between the turns of the coiled tubing is formed, so that there is a good efficiency for the internal heat exchanger.
- ringing noises and signs of wear are reliably avoided. Additional constructive aids, for example, for fixing the collecting container are superfluous. The construction becomes lighter and easier.
- the frictional connection between coiled tubing and the cylinder walls is achieved by a plastic deformation of the coiled tubing, d. H. by a deformation which lies outside the elastic range of the material of the coiled tubing and is not subject to re-deformation. This is a permanent adhesion, combined with a work hardening of the pipe material achieved.
- the collector is made of a plastic material, in particular a polyamide with the commercial name PA66.
- a plastic material in particular a polyamide with the commercial name PA66.
- PA66 commercial name PA66
- the collector may be double-walled, z. B. with a metallic cylinder, which is thermally insulated by an inner or outer plastic cylinder or other insulating layer.
- a profiled tube cross-section can be used, for. B. a profiled on the outside extruded tube.
- the profile on the outside can be rectangular, tooth-shaped, wavy or triangular.
- the advantage thus achieved is that the contact surface of the high-pressure tube on the inner cylinder (the collecting container) and thus the heat transfer can be reduced.
- the tube can also be provided with an asymmetrical profile, whereby the inner cylinder a minimal investment and on the outer cylinder (housing shell) an enlarged contact surface is achieved.
- the outer profile of the high-pressure tube can be designed such that a constant distance is maintained between the tube turns.
- the coiled tube on pipe ends which are guided by a lid and / or a bottom of the assembly and rolled or rolled in the lid or the floor.
- This achieves the advantage of a heat-tight fluid-tight, in particular gas-tight connection between the tube coil and the housing of the structural unit.
- a fixation of the coiled tubing is achieved by the rolling, ie a plastic deformation of the tube material.
- single-roller rolling is particularly advantageous as a result of the lack of heat input when there are plastic parts in the structural unit or on the structural unit. It is particularly advantageous if the openings in the bottom and lid undercuts, z. B.
- the tube material can be hineinverdrlindt during rolling or curling in the wells, so that In addition to the adhesion and a positive connection results.
- the connection can be loaded more strongly in the axial direction, ie the pull-out force for the tube is increased.
- spacers are arranged between the bottom of the collector (the intermediate bottom) and the bottom of the assembly, which may be formed as pronounced nubs or as a spring element. This ensures a flow-through option for the low-pressure refrigerant vapor below the sump, so that the refrigerant can be extracted on the low-pressure side.
- a circumferential annular groove is formed in the bottom of the assembly, in which engage the spacers.
- the object of the invention is also achieved by the features of claim 10, wherein according to the invention the following method steps are provided: first, the coiled tubing is inserted with radial play in the annular gap and then expanded radially against the inner and outer walls.
- the advantage is achieved that when inserting the coiled tubing no material contact, d. H. no chip formation and no scratching take place, but the parts to be mounted remain clean on their surface.
- By widening a frictional and fluid-tight connection between the tube coil and cylinder walls is achieved and formed a helical flow channel.
- the expansion takes place by means of a compressible or incompressible pressure medium, which is filled into the tube spiral and pressurized.
- the coiled tube is subjected to an internal pressure, the so-called expansion pressure, which leads to an expansion of the tube cross-section and thus to a contact with the cylinder walls of the annular gap.
- the expansion pressure depends on the material (yield strength), on the geometry of the pipe cross-section and the pipe wall thickness selected such that there is a sufficient adhesion or interference fit.
- the expansion pressure is selected as a function of the bursting pressure to which the coiled tubing is designed with regard to the operating pressure.
- the bursting pressure is approximately 1.1 to 1.5 times the expansion pressure. Preference is given to the largest possible ratio between bursting and expansion pressure, d. H. the lowest possible expansion pressure.
- the expansion method according to the invention for the coiled tubing can be carried out without difficulty in terms of production engineering, in particular if a non-compressible medium such as water or oil is used as the pressure medium.
- the tube cross-section of the coiled tube - before insertion into the annular gap and before the expansion - in the radial direction, d. H. in planes perpendicular to the winding axis of the coiled tubing shortened by forming: there is a so-called grading process by which the tube cross-section is flattened, planed, ovalized or formed into an elliptical cross-section.
- This grading process has the advantage that the tube on the one hand easily, d. H. with radial play can be inserted into the annular gap and that the tube cross-section is deformed during expansion in a predetermined direction, for. B. outwards or inwards or on both sides the same or different. This avoids an uncontrolled widening of the coiled tubing and achieves a targeted installation of the coiled tubing on the inner and outer cylinders.
- a profiled, preferably extruded tube for the inventive method d. H. the expansion process can be used.
- the tube ends of the tube helix are rolled or rolled into the lid and / or the bottom of the structural unit before the tube helix is widened.
- a fluid-tight and firm connection of the pipe ends with the housing of the unit is fixed and positioned within the housing of the unit before the expansion process. Therefore, no further fixing or positioning measures are required for the subsequent expansion process. This results in the advantage of a simple, safe installation and attachment of the coiled tubing in the unit.
- Fig. 1 shows - in a half section - an integrated unit 1 as a component of a refrigerant circuit, not shown, for an air conditioning system of a motor vehicle, wherein as refrigerant preferably CO 2 , also known under the name R744, is used.
- the integrated assembly 1 represents a combination of a refrigerant collector 2, also called collector 2 or collector 2 for short, and an internal heat exchanger 3, which comprises a coiled tube 4 with an inlet-side tube end 4a and an outlet-side tube end 4b.
- the structural unit 1 has a housing 5 which comprises a cylindrical housing jacket 5a, a bottom 5b and a cover 5c.
- the collector 2 is arranged coaxially with a cylindrical container jacket 2 a to form an annular gap 6.
- the coiled tube 4 is arranged in the annular gap 6 and forms in each case with the inner wall of the housing shell 5a and the outer wall of the container shell 2a a non-positive connection, ie a press fit, which causes a fixation of the parts 2, 4, 5a against each other.
- This arrangement creates between the turns of the coiled tubing 4, a helical flow channel 7, bounded by the outer walls of the coiled tubing 4, the inner wall of the housing shell 5a and the outer wall of the container shell 2a.
- the coiled tubing 4 is also referred to as a high-pressure tube.
- an approximately U-shaped suction pipe 8 is arranged, which has a pipe bend 8a with an attached oil filter 9, the function of which is known from the aforementioned prior art.
- the housing bottom 5b and the housing cover 5c which are preferably welded to the housing jacket 5a, have four through holes 10, 11 for the high pressure inlet and high pressure outlet of the refrigerant, and 12, 13 for the low pressure inlet and low pressure outlet of the refrigerant.
- the unit 1 is connected to the refrigerant circuit, not shown, with the high pressure inlet 10 downstream of a gas cooler, not shown, and the low pressure inlet 12 downstream of an evaporator, not shown, of the refrigerant circuit and the associated air conditioning ,
- the pipe ends 4a, 4b are partially inserted into the through holes 10, 11 and rolled or rolled into the bottom 5b and in the lid 5c.
- a fluid, in particular gas-tight connection of the pipe ends 4a, 4b with respect to the bottom 5b and lid 5c is achieved.
- a pipe section 8b is pressed or rolled in the lower part.
- the pipe section 8b of the low pressure inlet 12 communicates with the interior of the container 2.
- Fig. 2 shows the container 2, also called collector or collection container, as a single assembly, wherein the same reference numerals for the same parts we in Fig. 1 be used.
- the container 2 is preferably made of plastic, such as PA66, and in addition to the cylindrical container shell 2a and the bottom 2b a lid 2c, which has two openings for the passage of an outlet end 8c of the suction tube 8 and the tube section 8b, which with the lid 2c is connected.
- the suction pipe 8 has an inlet end 8d, which opens into a gas filter 14. Further, a liquid separator 15 is disposed in the uppermost region of the container 2, immediately below the inlet-side pipe section 8b.
- the function of an integrated collector-heat exchanger assembly is basically known from the aforementioned prior art, yet the operation of the in the FIGS. 1 and 2
- the under high pressure refrigerant preferably CO 2
- enters the unit 1 at the high pressure inlet 10 flows through the coiled tubing 4 (the high pressure pipe) from bottom to top and exits through the high pressure outlet 11 again of the unit 1 from.
- the low-pressure refrigerant enters the assembly 1 at the low-pressure inlet 12, flows through the pipe section 8b into the interior of the collecting container 2, where it strikes the liquid separator 15 and flows around first radially outwards and then in the axial and tangential direction.
- the liquid separator 15 is the subject of a simultaneous application of the applicant.
- liquid refrigerant collects at the bottom 2b, the gaseous refrigerant enters through the gas filter 14 in the suction pipe 8, from which it emerges again via the outlet end 8c.
- the low-pressure refrigerant vapor flows radially outward and enters the helical flow channel 7 between the turns of the coiled tubing 4 and flows through the flow channel 7 - from top to bottom - in countercurrent to the high-pressure refrigerant in the coiled tubing 4th After exiting the helical flow channel 7, the low-pressure refrigerant vapor flows under the bottom 2 b, from where it is sucked off via the low-pressure outlet 13.
- Fig. 3a shows a circular tube cross section 16 of a coiled tubing, which is arranged in an annular gap 17 formed by two cylinder walls 18, 19.
- the pipe cross-section 16 When the circular pipe cross-section 16 is acted upon with an internal pressure p 1 , the pipe cross-section would (in the ideal case) expand uniformly radially and also come to bear against the two cylinder walls 18, 19. Due to tolerance-related deviations of the pipe wall thickness, however, it can sometimes lead to uncontrolled widening.
- Fig. 3b shows an elliptical tube cross-section 20 which is arranged with clearance in the annular gap 17.
- the elliptical tube cross-section 20 is made by forming, a so-called grading, of a circular tube cross-section.
- p i an internal pressure
- the expansion pressure the tube cross-section will increase in the direction of the minor axis and decrease in the direction of the major axis. This achieves a defined widening direction, perpendicular to the cylindrical walls 18, 19, for the coiled tubing.
- the expansion pressure for the elliptical cross section 20 is less than for the circular cross section 16 (FIG. Fig. 3a ).
- Fig. 3c shows a further embodiment of a planarized tube cross-section 21, which has a flattened, parallel to the outer cylinder wall 19 extending side 21a.
- Fig. 3d shows a further embodiment, namely an oval cross-section 22, which was prepared by forming from a circular pipe cross-section and is arranged here before expansion with clearance in the annular gap 17.
- the flat sides 22a, 22b will initially bulge out, while the length of the oval will be shortened.
- a defined contact with the cylinder walls 18, 19 is achieved by widening here, too.
- the forming process or the so-called leveling can be performed by a correspondingly shaped pair of rollers, and immediately before winding the tube coil.
- Fig. 4 shows a dimension of the elliptical cross-section 20 (see. Fig. 3b ) and the annular gap 17 with the cylinder walls 17, 18.
- the small axis of the ellipse 20 is indicated by d and the gap width of the annular gap 17 with S.
- the dimension d is also referred to as leveling, ie as the measure to which the output cross-section is compressed.
- a preferred ratio of gap width S to leveling d is in the range of 1.05 to 1.15.
- Fig. 5 shows a circular output pipe cross section with the diameter D and a planed elliptical cross section with the minor axis or the leveling d.
- a preferred ratio of the pipe diameter D to the planing height d for the leveling and expansion process is in the range of 1.10 to 1.25.
- Fig. 6 shows a profiled tube 23, which has on its circumference in the tube longitudinal direction extending ridges or ribs 23a.
- the profiled tube 23 can preferably be produced by extrusion.
- Fig. 6a is shown as a detail, the wall thickness w and the web height s (radial extent) of the webs 23a.
- a preferred ratio of land height s to wall thickness w is in the range of 1.30 to 1.60.
- Fig. 7 shows the wall thickness w of a circular pipe cross-section and the leveling d of an elliptical pipe cross-section.
- Preferred ratios for the planing height d to the wall thickness w are in the range of 6.50 to 10.50.
- FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c show various embodiments for the isolation of a container shell.
- Fig. 8a shows a double-walled cylindrical container shell 24, which has on its inside an insulating layer 24a; the outside is replaced by a metallic cylinder, z. B. formed an aluminum tube.
- Fig. 8b shows a double-walled container casing 25, on the outside of which an insulating layer 25a is arranged.
- the insulating layers 24a or 25a may also be inner or outer cylinders of a plastic material, which are pushed into the metallic or over the metallic cylinder.
- Fig. 8c shows a fully insulated container shell 26, in which an outer layer 26a and an inner layer 26b are formed as Isolations füren- or cylinder.
- Fig. 9 shows a cross section 27 of a profiled tube for a coiled tubing, which in the annular gap 17 between an inner cylinder 18 and a outer cylinder 19 is arranged.
- the profile 27 is asymmetrical and has a pointed on the inner cylinder 18 tapered web 27a, whereby the contact surface and thus the heat conduction are reduced. When widening, the tip 27a digs into the cylinder wall 18, thus improving the seal.
- Fig. 10 shows a further cross-sectional shape 28 for a coiled tubing, wherein the tube cross-section on the side to the inner cylinder 18 is unaffected and provided on the side to the outer cylinder 19 with a plurality of ribs 28a, 28b.
- the heat conduction is reduced inwardly to the cylinder wall 18 and reinforced to the outer cylinder 19 out.
- Fig. 11 shows a further embodiment with two in the annular gap 17 superposed profiled pipe sections 29, 30, wherein the webs or ribs 29a, 30a of adjacent pipe turns serve as spacers and thus ensure a defined distance of the pipe turns, especially after the expansion process.
- flow channels are created with a defined cross section and therefore with a defined pressure drop for the flow medium (low pressure refrigerant vapor).
- Fig. 12 shows a profiled tube cross section 31, which shows a combination of the cross sections 27, 28, 29 (FIG. FIGS. 9, 10, 11 ).
- Fig. 13 shows a lid 32, comparable to the lid 5c in Fig. 1 ,
- the lid 32 has a through hole 33 into which a pipe end 34 of a pipe coil, not shown, is inserted.
- annular groove 35 (undercut) is incorporated, in the region of the inserted pipe end 34.
- the pipe end 34 is gas-tightly connected by rolling with the lid 32. This is an unrepresented Rolling or rolling tool inserted into the pipe end 34 and pushes the pipe material by means of circular movements radially outwards, which is indicated by a double arrow P. In this case, the pipe material also flows into the undercut opening 35, which leads to improved seating and tightness.
- Fig. 14 shows a further embodiment, wherein two undercut openings in the form of annular grooves 36, 37 are provided.
- the pipe material of the pipe end 34 is thus displaced in both undercut openings 36, 37, so that there is an improvement of the positive connection and also the tightness.
- Fig. 15 shows a further embodiment of the rolling of the pipe end 34.
- the wall of the through hole 33 is provided here with a thread 38.
- the pipe material is displaced into the thread grooves, whereby a thread-like positive connection is achieved.
- the advantage here is that the thread 38 can relatively easily bring into the through hole 33.
- Fig. 16 shows a further embodiment of the rolling of the pipe end 34, wherein the through hole 33 has a shoulder or a narrowing 33a, so that the pipe end is additionally fixed in one direction.
- a drainage possibility for the refrigerant vapor should exist under the container bottom 2b a drainage possibility for the refrigerant vapor.
- a gap which can be formed by suitable spacers.
- the FIGS. 17, 18 and 19 show possibilities for the formation of such spacers.
- Fig. 17 shows an outline of an inner container 39, the container 2 in Fig. 1 respectively.
- the inner container 39 has a Floor 40 from which nubs 40a, 40b, 40c outwardly pronounced, which act as spacers.
- Fig. 18 shows a further embodiment in which a housing bottom 41 is indicated, which the bottom 5b in Fig. 1 equivalent. From the bottom 41 nubs 41 a, 41 b, 41 c are pronounced upward, which serve as a spacer to the overlying, not shown container bottom.
- Fig. 19 shows a further embodiment of the invention, in which a bottom 42 of an inner container is indicated, which has a round receiving opening 43 for a spring element 44 in its center.
- the spring element 44 which may be formed as a compression spring acts here as a spacer to the bottom of the outer cylinder, not shown.
- the assembly and expansion method according to the invention for fixing and positioning the coiled tubing 4 will be explained below, reference being made to FIGS FIGS. 1 and 2 is taken.
- the housing shell 5a and the housing bottom 5b are connected to each other.
- the tube cross-section of the coiled tubing 4 is leveled, as explained above.
- the starting material for the production of the coiled tubing 4 is a tube with a circular cross-section, preferably of an aluminum material.
- the coiled tubing 4 is produced by winding, wherein the leveling takes place to the required leveling just before winding.
- the pipe ends 4a, 4b retain their circular cross-section and are bent in the axial direction.
- the leveled coiled tubing 4 is then inserted into the housing shell 5 a, wherein the tube end 4 a is inserted into the through hole 10. Then the collection container 2, (completed as in Fig. 2 shown) inserted into the tube coil 4, wherein sufficient radial clearance is present. Alternatively, the collecting container 2 can also be inserted into the housing jacket 5 a before the pipe helix 4 is inserted. Subsequently, the cover 5c is placed on the housing shell 5a and fastened, for example by welding. When placing the lid 5 c, the upper tube end 4 b is inserted into the through hole 11. The pipe ends 4a, 4b are then rolled into the bottom 5b and the lid 5c, so that a gas-tight and firm connection is created.
- the coiled tubing 4 is fixed in the axial direction (and also in the circumferential direction).
- the pressurization of the tube coil 4 is carried out with a pressure medium, which can be supplied via the through-holes 10 and / or 11. Due to the expansion process, a reduction in the inner diameter and an increase in the outer diameter of the coiled tubing 4 with the result that this applies to form a frictional connection to the container shell 2a and the housing shell 5a.
- the expansion takes place according to the above-mentioned characteristics, ie, the expansion pressure, which prevails in the coiled tubing as internal pressure, causes a plastic, ie permanent deformation, which has a permanent interference fit result.
- the tube coil 4 thus sits firmly in the assembly 1.
- the fluid channel 7 is thus formed as a continuous helical flow channel, so that a defined helical flow is ensured.
- a bypass flow around the pipe turns around does not take place because of the fluid-tight contact of the coiled tubing 4. This results in a high and defined efficiency for the inner heat exchanger 3, which is formed by the metallic tube coil 4, the housing shell 5 a and the insulated container shell 2 a.
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine integrierte, einen Sammler und einen inneren Wärmeübertrager umfassende Baueinheit nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1 sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Baueinheit nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 10.The invention relates to an integrated, a collector and an internal heat exchanger comprehensive unit according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing the structural unit according to the preamble of claim 10th
Integrierte Baueinheiten, die einen Sammler und einen inneren Wärmeübertrager für einen Kältemittelkreislauf umfassen, sind bekannt, insbesondere bei CO2-Klimaanlagen. Dabei hat der Sammler, welcher in Strömungsrichtung hinter einem Verdampfer des Kältemittelkreislaufes angeordnet ist, die Aufgabe, die flüssige und gasförmige Phase des Kältemitteldampfes voneinander zu separieren und darüber hinaus als Kältemittelspeicher zu fungieren. Der innere Wärmeübertrager, der in Strömungsrichtung hinter einem Gaskühler des Kältemittelkreislaufes angeordnet ist, stellt eine thermische Koppelung der Hochdruckseite (Gaskühler) und der Niederdruckseite (Verdampfer) dar und ermöglicht somit eine Wärmeübertragung von der warmen zur kalten Kältemittelseite.Integrated assemblies comprising a collector and an internal heat exchanger for a refrigerant circuit are known, especially in CO 2 air conditioners. In this case, the collector, which is arranged in the flow direction behind an evaporator of the refrigerant circuit, the task of separating the liquid and gaseous phase of the refrigerant vapor from each other and also act as a refrigerant reservoir. The inner heat exchanger, which is arranged in the flow direction behind a gas cooler of the refrigerant circuit, represents a thermal coupling of the high pressure side (gas cooler) and the low pressure side (evaporator) and thus enables heat transfer from the hot to the cold refrigerant side.
Für die integrierte Baueinheit, auch Kombieinheit genannt, sind verschiedene Bauweisen bekannt, z. B. durch die
Durch die
Durch die
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Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine integrierte Baueinheit der eingangs genannten Art derart zu gestalten, dass eine kompakte, betriebssichere Bauweise zu niedrigen Kosten und mit einem hohen Wirkungsgrad für den inneren Wärmeübertrager erzielt wird. Es ist auch Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur Herstellung der Baueinheit bereitzustellen, welches eine einfache, fertigungstechnisch beherrschbare, kostengünstige Montage der Baueinheit erlaubt.It is an object of the invention to design an integrated unit of the type mentioned in such a way that a compact, reliable construction is achieved at low cost and with high efficiency for the internal heat exchanger. It is also an object of the invention to provide a method for producing the assembly, which allows a simple, manufacturable controllable, cost-effective installation of the unit.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst. Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Rohrwendel mit der Innen- und Außenwand, welche den Ringspalt bilden, eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung bildet. Die Rohrwendel liegt somit sowohl innen als auch außen kraftschlüssig an den Zylinderwänden an und bildet mit diesen einen Presssitz. Damit ist die Rohrwendel gegenüber den beiden Zylindern von Gehäusemantel und Sammler kraftschlüssig fixiert. Der Kraftschluss wird durch Radialkräfte bewirkt, welche aus einer elastischen Zugspannung des Gehäusemantels und einer Druckspannung der Sammlerwand resultieren. Durch die kraftschlüssige Anlage der Rohrwendel wird ein definierter wendelförmiger Strömungskanal zwischen den Windungen der Rohrwendel gebildet, sodass sich ein guter Wirkungsgrad für den inneren Wärmeübertrager ergibt. Darüber hinaus werden Klingelgeräusche und Verschleißerscheinungen sicher vermieden. Zusätzliche konstruktive Hilfsmittel, beispielsweise zur Fixierung des Sammelbehälters sind überflüssig. Die Konstruktion wird leichter und einfacher.The object of the invention is solved by the features of claim 1. According to the invention it is provided that the coiled tubing with the inner and outer wall, which form the annular gap, forms a frictional connection. The coiled tubing is thus frictionally against the cylinder walls both inside and outside and forms a press fit with these. Thus, the coiled tubing is frictionally fixed relative to the two cylinders of the housing shell and collector. The adhesion is caused by radial forces, which result from an elastic tensile stress of the housing shell and a compressive stress of the collector wall. By frictional engagement of the coiled tubing a defined helical flow channel between the turns of the coiled tubing is formed, so that there is a good efficiency for the internal heat exchanger. In addition, ringing noises and signs of wear are reliably avoided. Additional constructive aids, for example, for fixing the collecting container are superfluous. The construction becomes lighter and easier.
Nach einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel wird der Kraftschluss zwischen Rohrwendel und den Zylinderwänden durch eine plastische Verformung der Rohrwendel erreicht, d. h. durch eine Verformung, welcher außerhalb des elastischen Bereiches des Werkstoffes der Rohrwendel liegt und keiner Rückverformung unterliegt. Damit wird ein dauerhafter Kraftschluss, verbunden mit einer Kaltverfestigung des Rohrmaterials, erreicht.According to a preferred embodiment, the frictional connection between coiled tubing and the cylinder walls is achieved by a plastic deformation of the coiled tubing, d. H. by a deformation which lies outside the elastic range of the material of the coiled tubing and is not subject to re-deformation. This is a permanent adhesion, combined with a work hardening of the pipe material achieved.
Bevorzugt ist der Sammler aus einem Kunststoffmaterial, insbesondere einem Polyamid mit der handelsüblichen Bezeichnung PA66 hergestellt. Damit werden einerseits Kosten eingespart, und andererseits wird ein zu starker Wärmeeintrag vom Hochdruckrohr bzw. der Rohrwendel in den Innenraum des Sammlers, wo sich flüssiges, gespeichertes Kältemittel befindet, verhindert. Ein unzulässiger Wärmeeintrag würde zu einem Aufschäumen des Kältemittels und zu einer unerwünschten Veränderung des Dampfgehaltes auf der Niederdruckausdruckseite führen. Alternativ kann der Sammler auch doppelwandig ausgebildet sein, z. B. mit einem metallischen Zylinder, welcher durch einen inneren oder äußeren Kunststoffzylinder oder eine sonstige Isolierschicht thermisch isoliert ist.Preferably, the collector is made of a plastic material, in particular a polyamide with the commercial name PA66. On the one hand costs are saved, and on the other hand, an excessive heat input from the high-pressure pipe or the coiled tubing in the interior of the collector, where liquid, stored refrigerant is prevented. An inadmissible heat input would lead to a foaming of the refrigerant and to an undesirable change in the vapor content on the low pressure expression side. Alternatively, the collector may be double-walled, z. B. with a metallic cylinder, which is thermally insulated by an inner or outer plastic cylinder or other insulating layer.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann statt des kreisförmigen Rohrquerschnittes für die Rohrwendel ein profilierter Rohrquerschnitt verwendet werden, z. B. ein auf der Außenseite profiliertes extrudiertes Rohr. Das Profil auf der Außenseite kann rechteckförmig, zahnförmig, wellenförmig oder dreieckförmig ausgebildet sein. Der damit erzielte Vorteil besteht darin, dass die Anlagefläche des Hochdruckrohres am Innenzylinder (dem Sammelbehälter) und damit der Wärmeübergang reduziert werden. Um diesen Effekt zu steigern, kann das Rohr auch mit einem asymmetrischen Profil versehen werden, wodurch am Innenzylinder eine minimale Anlage und am Außenzylinder (Gehäusemantel) eine vergrößerte Anlagefläche erreicht wird. Darüber hinaus kann das Außenprofil des Hochdruckrohres derart ausgebildet sein, dass zwischen den Rohrwindungen ein konstanter Abstand eingehalten wird.According to a further preferred embodiment, instead of the circular tube cross-section for the coiled tubing a profiled tube cross-section can be used, for. B. a profiled on the outside extruded tube. The profile on the outside can be rectangular, tooth-shaped, wavy or triangular. The advantage thus achieved is that the contact surface of the high-pressure tube on the inner cylinder (the collecting container) and thus the heat transfer can be reduced. To increase this effect, the tube can also be provided with an asymmetrical profile, whereby the inner cylinder a minimal investment and on the outer cylinder (housing shell) an enlarged contact surface is achieved. In addition, the outer profile of the high-pressure tube can be designed such that a constant distance is maintained between the tube turns.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung weist die Rohrwendel Rohrenden auf, welche durch einen Deckel und/oder einen Boden der Baueinheit geführt und in den Deckel bzw. den Boden eingewalzt oder einrolliert sind. Damit wird der Vorteil einer wärmeeintragsfreien fluiddichten, insbesondere gasdichten Verbindung zwischen Rohrwendel und dem Gehäuse der Baueinheit erreicht. Darüber hinaus ergibt sich der Vorteil, dass durch das Einwalzen, d. h. eine plastische Umformung des Rohrmaterials eine Fixierung der Rohrwendel erreicht wird. Im Hinblick auf bekannte Löt- und Schweißverbindungen ist das Einwalzen infolge des fehlenden Wärmeeintrags insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn sich in der Baueinheit oder an der Baueinheit Kunststoffteile befinden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Öffnungen in Boden und Deckel Hinterschneidungen, z. B. Ringnuten oder ein Gewinde oder einen Absatz aufweisen. Dadurch kann das Rohrmaterial beim Einwalzen oder Einrollieren in die Vertiefungen hineinverdrängt werden, sodass sich zusätzlich zum Kraftschluss auch ein Formschluss ergibt. Dadurch kann die Verbindung in axialer Richtung stärker belastet werden, d. h. die Auszugskraft für das Rohr wird vergrößert.According to a further advantageous embodiment, the coiled tube on pipe ends, which are guided by a lid and / or a bottom of the assembly and rolled or rolled in the lid or the floor. This achieves the advantage of a heat-tight fluid-tight, in particular gas-tight connection between the tube coil and the housing of the structural unit. In addition, there is the advantage that a fixation of the coiled tubing is achieved by the rolling, ie a plastic deformation of the tube material. With regard to known soldering and welding connections, single-roller rolling is particularly advantageous as a result of the lack of heat input when there are plastic parts in the structural unit or on the structural unit. It is particularly advantageous if the openings in the bottom and lid undercuts, z. B. annular grooves or have a thread or a paragraph. As a result, the tube material can be hineinverdrängt during rolling or curling in the wells, so that In addition to the adhesion and a positive connection results. As a result, the connection can be loaded more strongly in the axial direction, ie the pull-out force for the tube is increased.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform sind zwischen dem Boden des Sammlers (dem Zwischenboden) und dem Boden der Baueinheit Abstandshalter angeordnet, welche als ausgeprägte Noppen oder als Federelement ausgebildet sein können. Damit wird eine Durchflussrnöglichkeit für den Niederdruck-Kältemitteldampf unterhalb des Sammelbehälters sichergestellt, sodass das Kältemittel auf der Niederdruckseite abgesaugt werden kann.According to a further advantageous embodiment, spacers are arranged between the bottom of the collector (the intermediate bottom) and the bottom of the assembly, which may be formed as pronounced nubs or as a spring element. This ensures a flow-through option for the low-pressure refrigerant vapor below the sump, so that the refrigerant can be extracted on the low-pressure side.
Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ist im Boden der Baueinheit eine umlaufende Ringnut ausgebildet, in dem die Abstandshalter eingreifen. Somit wird eine Zentrierung bei gleichzeitiger freier Drehbarkeit des Sammlers in Relation zum Boden der Baueinheit gewährleistet.According to a further advantageous embodiment, a circumferential annular groove is formed in the bottom of the assembly, in which engage the spacers. Thus, a centering is ensured at the same time free rotation of the collector in relation to the bottom of the unit.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird auch durch die Merkmale des Anspruches 10 gelöst, wobei erfindungsgemäß folgende Verfahrensschritte vorgesehen sind: zunächst wird die Rohrwendel mit radialem Spiel in den Ringspalt eingesetzt und anschließend radial gegen die Innen- und Außenwand aufgeweitet. Damit wird der Vorteil erzielt, dass beim Einsetzen der Rohrwendel keinerlei Materialberührung, d. h. keine Spanbildung und kein Kratzen stattfinden, vielmehr bleiben die zu montierenden Teile auf ihrer Oberfläche sauber. Durch die Aufweitung wird eine kraftschlüssige und fluiddichte Verbindung zwischen Rohrwendel und Zylinderwänden erzielt und ein wendelförmiger Strömungskanal gebildet.The object of the invention is also achieved by the features of
Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform erfolgt die Aufweitung mittels eines kompressiblen oder inkompressiblen Druckmediums, welches in die Rohrwendel eingefüllt und unter Druck gesetzt wird. Die Rohrwendel wird mit einem Innendruck, dem so genannten Aufweitdruck, beaufschlagt, welcher zu einer Aufweitung des Rohrquerschnittes und damit zu einer Anlage an den Zylinderwänden des Ringspaltes führt. Der Aufweitdruck wird in Abhängigkeit vom Material (Streckgrenze), von der Geometrie des Rohrquerschnittes und der Rohrwandstärke derart gewählt, dass sich ein hinreichender Kraftschluss bzw. Presssitz ergibt.According to an advantageous embodiment, the expansion takes place by means of a compressible or incompressible pressure medium, which is filled into the tube spiral and pressurized. The coiled tube is subjected to an internal pressure, the so-called expansion pressure, which leads to an expansion of the tube cross-section and thus to a contact with the cylinder walls of the annular gap. The expansion pressure depends on the material (yield strength), on the geometry of the pipe cross-section and the pipe wall thickness selected such that there is a sufficient adhesion or interference fit.
In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung wird der Aufweitdruck in Abhängigkeit vom Berstdruck gewählt, auf den die Rohrwendel im Hinblick auf den Betriebsdruck ausgelegt ist. Der Berstdruck beträgt etwa das 1,1- bis 1,5-fache des Aufweitdruckes. Bevorzugt ist ein möglichst großes Verhältnis zwischen Berst- und Aufweitdruck, d. h. ein möglichst niedriger Aufweitdruck. Das erfindungsgemäße Aufweitverfahren für die Rohrwendel lässt sich fertigungstechnisch problemlos durchführen, insbesondere, wenn ein nicht kompressibles Medium wie Wasser oder Öl als Druckmedium verwendet wird.In a further advantageous embodiment, the expansion pressure is selected as a function of the bursting pressure to which the coiled tubing is designed with regard to the operating pressure. The bursting pressure is approximately 1.1 to 1.5 times the expansion pressure. Preference is given to the largest possible ratio between bursting and expansion pressure, d. H. the lowest possible expansion pressure. The expansion method according to the invention for the coiled tubing can be carried out without difficulty in terms of production engineering, in particular if a non-compressible medium such as water or oil is used as the pressure medium.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird der Rohrquerschnitt der Rohrwendel - vor dem Einsetzen in den Ringspalt und vor dem Aufweiten - in radialer Richtung, d. h. in Ebenen senkrecht zur Wickelachse der Rohrwendel durch Umformung verkürzt: es findet ein so genannter Planiervorgang statt, durch welchen der Rohrquerschnitt abgeplattet, planiert, ovalisiert oder in einen elliptischen Querschnitt umgeformt wird. Dieser Planiervorgang ergibt den Vorteil, dass sich das Rohr einerseits leicht, d. h. mit radialem Spiel in den Ringspalt einsetzen lässt und dass der Rohrquerschnitt beim Aufweiten in eine vorbestimmte Richtung verformt wird, z. B. nach außen oder nach innen oder nach beiden Seiten gleich oder unterschiedlich. Damit wird ein unkontrolliertes Aufweiten der Rohrwendel vermieden und eine gezielte Anlage der Rohrwendel am Innen- und Außenzylinder erreicht.According to a further preferred embodiment, the tube cross-section of the coiled tube - before insertion into the annular gap and before the expansion - in the radial direction, d. H. in planes perpendicular to the winding axis of the coiled tubing shortened by forming: there is a so-called grading process by which the tube cross-section is flattened, planed, ovalized or formed into an elliptical cross-section. This grading process has the advantage that the tube on the one hand easily, d. H. with radial play can be inserted into the annular gap and that the tube cross-section is deformed during expansion in a predetermined direction, for. B. outwards or inwards or on both sides the same or different. This avoids an uncontrolled widening of the coiled tubing and achieves a targeted installation of the coiled tubing on the inner and outer cylinders.
Nach einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform kann anstelle eines Rohres mit Kreisquerschnitt (so genanntes Rundrohr) auch ein profiliertes, vorzugsweise extrudiertes Rohr für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren, d. h. den Aufweitprozess verwendet werden. Damit ergeben sich die oben bereits genannten Vorteile, u. a. eine geringere Anlagefläche am Innenzylinder, d. h. der Wand des Sammlers, wodurch der Wärmeeintrag behindert wird.According to a further preferred embodiment, instead of a tube with circular cross-section (so-called round tube), a profiled, preferably extruded tube for the inventive method, d. H. the expansion process can be used. This results in the advantages already mentioned above, u. a. a smaller contact surface on the inner cylinder, d. H. the wall of the collector, whereby the heat input is hindered.
Nach einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden die Rohrenden der Rohrwendel - vor dem Aufweiten der Rohrwendel - in den Deckel und/oder den Boden der Baueinheit eingewalzt oder einrolliert. Damit ergibt sich - wie bereits oben erwähnt - einerseits eine fluiddichte und feste Verbindung der Rohrenden mit dem Gehäuse der Baueinheit. Andererseits wird die Rohrwendel vor dem Aufweitprozess innerhalb des Gehäuses der Baueinheit fixiert und positioniert. Für den anschließenden Aufweitprozess sind daher keine weiteren Fixier- oder Positionierungsmaßnahmen erforderlich. Damit ergibt sich der Vorteil einer einfachen, sicheren Montage und Befestigung der Rohrwendel in der Baueinheit.According to a further particularly preferred embodiment, the tube ends of the tube helix are rolled or rolled into the lid and / or the bottom of the structural unit before the tube helix is widened. In order to results - as already mentioned above - on the one hand, a fluid-tight and firm connection of the pipe ends with the housing of the unit. On the other hand, the tube coil is fixed and positioned within the housing of the unit before the expansion process. Therefore, no further fixing or positioning measures are required for the subsequent expansion process. This results in the advantage of a simple, safe installation and attachment of the coiled tubing in the unit.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung, weitere Merkmale, insbesondere Bemessungs- und Dimensionierungsangaben sowie weitere Vorteile ergeben sich aus der Zeichnung und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1
- eine erfindungsgemäße integrierte Baueinheit mit Sammler und innerem Wärmeübertrager,
- Fig. 2
- den Sammler gemäß
Fig. 1 als Baugruppe, - Fig. 3a
- einen Rundrohrquerschnitt für eine Rohrwendel,
- Fig. 3b
- einen elliptischen, planierten Rohrquerschnitt vor dem Aufweiten,
- Fig. 3c
- einen einseitig abgeplatteten planierten Rohrquerschnitt vor dem aufweiten,
- Fig. 3d
- einen ovalisierten, planierten Rohrquerschnitt vor dem Aufweiten,
- Fig. 4
- einen elliptischen Querschnitt mit einer kleinen Halbachse d und einer Ringsspaltweite S,
- Fig. 5
- einen Rundrohrquerschnitt mit dem Durchmesser D und einen planierten elliptischen Rohrquerschnitt mit kleiner Halbachse d,
- Fig. 6, Fig. 6a
- ein profiliertes Rohr mit Stegen auf dem Umfang,
- Fig. 7
- einen Rundrohrquerschnitt mit einer Wandstärke w und einem planierten Rohrquerschnitt mit einer kleinen Halbachse d (Planierhöhe),
- Fig. 8a, 8b, 8c
- verschiedene Ausführungsformen zur Isolierung des Sammlers,
- Fig. 9, 10, 11, 12
- verschiedene Ausführungsformen von profilierten Rohrquerschnitten und deren Anordnung im Ringspalt,
- Fig. 13, 14, 15, 16
- verschiedene Ausführungsformen für das Einwalzen von Rohrenden in einen Deckel,
- Fig. 17, 18
und 19 - verschiedene Ausführungsformen für Abstandshalter zwischen Behälter- und Gehäuseboden.
- Fig. 1
- an integrated assembly according to the invention with collector and internal heat exchanger,
- Fig. 2
- according to the collector
Fig. 1 as an assembly, - Fig. 3a
- a round tube cross-section for a coiled tube,
- Fig. 3b
- an elliptical, planed tube cross section before expansion,
- Fig. 3c
- a one-sided flattened planarized tube cross-section in front of the widening,
- Fig. 3d
- an ovalized, planed tube cross-section prior to expansion,
- Fig. 4
- an elliptical cross-section with a small semi-axis d and a ring gap S,
- Fig. 5
- a round tube cross section with the diameter D and a planed elliptical tube cross section with a small half axis d,
- Fig. 6, Fig. 6a
- a profiled tube with webs on the circumference,
- Fig. 7
- a round tube cross-section with a wall thickness w and a planished tube cross-section with a small semi-axis d (planing height),
- Fig. 8a, 8b, 8c
- various embodiments for isolating the collector,
- Fig. 9, 10, 11, 12th
- various embodiments of profiled tube cross-sections and their arrangement in the annular gap,
- FIGS. 13, 14, 15, 16
- various embodiments for rolling pipe ends into a lid,
- FIGS. 17, 18 and 19
- various embodiments for spacers between the container and housing bottom.
Die Rohrenden 4a, 4b sind teilweise in die Durchgangsbohrungen 10, 11 eingesetzt und in den Boden 5b sowie in den Deckel 5c eingewalzt oder einrolliert. Durch dieses an sich bekannte Fügeverfahren des Einwalzens (mit einem Walz- oder Rollierwerkzeug) wird eine fluid-, insbesondere gasdichte Verbindung der Rohrenden 4a, 4b gegenüber Boden 5b und Deckel 5c erreicht. Gleichzeitig erfolgt eine axiale Fixierung der Rohrwendel 4. In der Durchgangsbohrung 12 ist im unteren Teil ein Rohrabschnitt 8b eingepresst oder auch eingewalzt. Wie anhand der folgenden Figur erläutert wird, kommuniziert der Rohrabschnitt 8b des Niederdruckeinlasses 12 mit dem Inneren des Behälters 2.The pipe ends 4a, 4b are partially inserted into the through
Die Funktion einer integrierten Sammler-Wärmeübertrager-Baueinheit ist grundsätzlich aus dem eingangs genannten Stand der Technik bekannt, dennoch soll die Arbeitsweise der in den
Der Aufweitvorgang der Rohrwendel 4 soll anhand der
In
Die
Wie oben in der Beschreibung zu
Wie oben in der Beschreibung zur
Im Folgenden wird das erfindungsgemäße Montage- und Aufweitverfahren zur Fixierung und Positionierung der Rohrwendel 4 erläutert, wobei Bezug auf die
Claims (15)
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DE102008028853A DE102008028853A1 (en) | 2008-06-19 | 2008-06-19 | Integrated, a collector and an internal heat exchanger comprehensive unit and a method for manufacturing the unit |
Publications (1)
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EP2136160A2 true EP2136160A2 (en) | 2009-12-23 |
Family
ID=41131654
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EP20090007585 Withdrawn EP2136160A2 (en) | 2008-06-19 | 2009-06-09 | Integrated component that includes a collector and an internal heat exchanger as well as a method for manufacturing the component |
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EP (1) | EP2136160A2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008028853A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
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DE102010043398A1 (en) | 2010-11-04 | 2012-05-10 | Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg | Collection unit for refrigeration circuit of air-conditioning apparatus utilized for cooling inner space of motor car, has outer container with fluid inlet- and outlet openings for passing cooling fluid for refrigeration of refrigerant |
DE102014207660A1 (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2015-10-29 | Mahle International Gmbh | Internal heat exchanger |
DE102014110718A1 (en) | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-04 | Mahle International Gmbh | Heat exchanger and method for producing the heat exchanger |
WO2018088166A1 (en) * | 2016-11-08 | 2018-05-17 | サンデンホールディングス株式会社 | Accumulator with integrated internal heat exchanger, and refrigeration cycle using same |
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DE102014220401A1 (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2016-04-14 | Mahle International Gmbh | Refrigerant container for a refrigeration system |
DE102014220403A1 (en) * | 2014-10-08 | 2016-04-14 | Mahle International Gmbh | Method for mounting a heat exchanger device and heat exchanger device |
DE102014017772B4 (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2019-11-28 | Audi Ag | Plate heat exchanger of a vehicle air conditioning system |
DE102015217634A1 (en) | 2015-09-15 | 2017-05-11 | Mahle International Gmbh | Device of an air conditioning system with an internal heat exchanger and an integrated collector |
DE102016210015A1 (en) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-07 | Mahle International Gmbh | A refrigerant receiver for collecting refrigerant and heat exchanger means with such a refrigerant receiver |
DE102017211857A1 (en) | 2017-07-11 | 2019-01-17 | Mahle International Gmbh | Heat exchanger device for a refrigeration system |
DE102017212947A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 | 2019-01-31 | Mahle International Gmbh | Internal heat exchanger |
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DE19908833A1 (en) | 1999-03-01 | 2000-09-07 | Volkswagen Ag | Motor vehicle with chassis consisting of two connected tubular frames with shell insert for passenger compartment and space for drive unit |
DE10261886A1 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-17 | Visteon Global Tech Inc | Counterflow heat exchanger with optimal secondary crossflow |
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DE102014207660A1 (en) * | 2014-04-23 | 2015-10-29 | Mahle International Gmbh | Internal heat exchanger |
DE102014110718A1 (en) | 2014-07-29 | 2016-02-04 | Mahle International Gmbh | Heat exchanger and method for producing the heat exchanger |
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DE102008028853A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
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