EP2132236A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung telecheler polymere - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung telecheler polymereInfo
- Publication number
- EP2132236A1 EP2132236A1 EP07821972A EP07821972A EP2132236A1 EP 2132236 A1 EP2132236 A1 EP 2132236A1 EP 07821972 A EP07821972 A EP 07821972A EP 07821972 A EP07821972 A EP 07821972A EP 2132236 A1 EP2132236 A1 EP 2132236A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymers
- end groups
- functional end
- polymerization
- preparation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 81
- 229920006250 telechelic polymer Polymers 0.000 title description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010560 atom transfer radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- -1 hydroxy, amino Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000003623 transition metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021589 Copper(I) bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005588 protonation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- CNDCQWGRLNGNNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethoxy)ethanethiol Chemical compound SCCOCCS CNDCQWGRLNGNNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005749 Copper compound Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001880 copper compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002688 maleic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- VYMPLPIFKRHAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-ethanedithiol Chemical compound SCCS VYMPLPIFKRHAAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NIAAGQAEVGMHPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylbenzene-1,2-dithiol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S)C(S)=C1 NIAAGQAEVGMHPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021595 Copper(I) iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N azide group Chemical group [N-]=[N+]=[N-] IVRMZWNICZWHMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SMTOKHQOVJRXLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-dithiol Chemical compound SCCCCS SMTOKHQOVJRXLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PDZKZMQQDCHTNF-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);thiocyanate Chemical compound [Cu+].[S-]C#N PDZKZMQQDCHTNF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) cyanide Chemical compound [Cu+].N#[C-] DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WQABCVAJNWAXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimercaprol Chemical compound OCC(S)CS WQABCVAJNWAXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VHJLVAABSRFDPM-ZXZARUISSA-N dithioerythritol Chemical compound SC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CS VHJLVAABSRFDPM-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KMTUBAIXCBHPIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,5-dithiol Chemical compound SCCCCCS KMTUBAIXCBHPIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- ZJLMKPKYJBQJNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-dithiol Chemical compound SCCCS ZJLMKPKYJBQJNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003808 silyl group Chemical group [H][Si]([H])([H])[*] 0.000 claims description 2
- ACTRVOBWPAIOHC-XIXRPRMCSA-N succimer Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](S)[C@@H](S)C(O)=O ACTRVOBWPAIOHC-XIXRPRMCSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960005346 succimer Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 101710141544 Allatotropin-related peptide Proteins 0.000 claims 4
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 4
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 150000008360 acrylonitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L fumarate(2-) Chemical class [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N itaconic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 23
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 19
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 11
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 10
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 7
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004823 Reactive adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012987 RAFT agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004662 dithiols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- IOLQWGVDEFWYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)(C)Br IOLQWGVDEFWYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003055 glycidyl group Chemical group C(C1CO1)* 0.000 description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000466 oxiranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-aminoethyl)amine Chemical compound NCCN(CCN)CCN MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGMMQIGGQSIEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3-oxazole Chemical class C=CC1=NC=CO1 PGMMQIGGQSIEGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JDCUKFVNOWJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3-thiazole Chemical class C=CC1=NC=CS1 JDCUKFVNOWJNBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-toluenesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)C=C1 YYROPELSRYBVMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bipyridyl Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 ROFVEXUMMXZLPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(i) oxide Chemical compound [Cu]O[Cu] BERDEBHAJNAUOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M hexanoate Chemical compound CCCCCC([O-])=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002741 palatine tonsil Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000002577 pseudohalo group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JGFYQVQAXANWJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CF JGFYQVQAXANWJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GDPGCHFFZZXKTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl 2-bromopropanoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C(C)Br GDPGCHFFZZXKTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007342 radical addition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012712 reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006126 semicrystalline polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical class [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003463 sulfur Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IGVNJALYNQVQIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C(C)(C)Br IGVNJALYNQVQIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000101 thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012989 trithiocarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/26—Removing halogen atoms or halogen-containing groups from the molecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/34—Introducing sulfur atoms or sulfur-containing groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2810/00—Chemical modification of a polymer
- C08F2810/40—Chemical modification of a polymer taking place solely at one end or both ends of the polymer backbone, i.e. not in the side or lateral chains
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the synthesis of polymers having functional end groups which have been prepared by means of atom transfer radical polymerization (in the following abbreviated to ATRP).
- ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization
- a particular aspect is the preparation of telechelic polymethacrylates, polyacrylates or polystyrenes.
- the functional groups may be, for example, hydroxy, amine, SiIyI or olefinic groups.
- the invention relates to the initiation of an ATRP with functionalized initiators and the polymerization-final coupling of two such unilaterally functionalized chains to form a telechelic polymer.
- a very particular aspect of the present invention is that the addition of a coupling reagent in one process step simultaneously removes the transition metal compounds from the polymerization solution by precipitation and salification of the ligand previously coordinated to the transition metal which in turn allows easy removal thereof.
- the ATRP represents an important process for the preparation of a variety of polymers such as polyacrylates, polymethacrylates or polystyrenes. With this type of polymerization, the goal of tailor-made polymers has come a good deal closer.
- the ATRP method was decisively developed in the 1990s by Prof. Matyjaszewski (Matyjaszewski et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, p.5614, WO 97/18247; Science, 1996, 272). S.866).
- a particular advantage here is that both the molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution are controllable. As a living polymerization, it also allows the targeted construction of polymer architectures such as random copolymers or block copolymer structures. By appropriate initiators, for example, in addition unusual block copolymers and star polymers are accessible.
- Theoretical background to the Polymehsationsmechanismus are inter alia in Hans Georg Elias, macromolecules, Volume 1, ⁇ .conomlage, Weinheim 1999, p.344 explained.
- the ATRP process relies on a redox balance between a dormant and an active species.
- the active species is the low-concentration growing, free radical polymer chain and a transition metal compound in higher oxidation state (eg, copper II).
- the dormant, preferably present species is the combination of the halogenated or pseudohalogen-terminated polymer chain and the corresponding transition metal compound in a lower oxidation state (eg, copper I). This applies both to the ATRP in the actual form, which is started with (pseudo) halogen-substituted initiators, and to the reverse ATRP described below, in which the halogen is bound to the polymer chain only when the equilibrium is established.
- the halogen atom remains independent of the chosen method after termination of the reaction at the respective chain ends.
- These terminal halogen atoms can be useful in several ways.
- a mercaptan such as, for example, mercaptoethanol is used for the substitution of the terminal halogen atoms. Only in Snijder et al. (J. of Polym., Part: Polym. Chem.), Such a substitution reaction with mercaptoethanol is briefly described. A difference to the present invention is the polymer-analogous implementation. In the described document, the substitution reaction is carried out only after purification of the ATRP product in a second reaction stage. This results directly in a second important difference from the present invention. The inventive effect of the precipitation of the transition metal compounds from the ATRP solution by the addition of mercaptan reagents is not described in this document.
- ATRA is the addition of reagents that in-situ decompose into two radicals, one of which irreversibly traps a radical chain end and launches the second smaller new chain.
- Disadvantage of this procedure in addition to the reduced reaction rate again, is the poor commercial availability of the required reagents and the release of additional radicals, which either have to be absorbed very quickly or lead to undesired oligomeric by-products. This process is described by way of example in the work of Sawamoto (Macromolecules, 31, 6708-11, 1998 and J. Polym., Part A: Polym. Chem., 38, 4735-48, 2000).
- a variant of the ATRA is the endcapping of growing polymer chains with monomer units, which can be incorporated into the chain end once radically, but then form a stable halogenated chain end and accordingly prevent further chain growth.
- These may be olefins, for example, which may well be functionalized themselves.
- An example of such a compound having hydroxyl group is allyl alcohol (Coessens, Matyjaszewski, Macromol., Rapid Commun., 20, 127-134, 1999).
- allyl alcohol Coessens, Matyjaszewski, Macromol., Rapid Commun., 20, 127-134, 1999.
- a polymerization with bifunctional initiators and a two-sided endcapping Hydroxytelechele be represented in this way.
- a disadvantage of this process over the invention are the further brominated and thus thermally unstable
- ATRC atom transfer radical coupling
- Fukuda e-Polymers, no.013, 2002
- Matyjaszewski Matyjaszewski
- hydroxyl-bearing, brominated initiators for the ATRP of styrene are used in a first step.
- the system is treated with Cu (0) and a ligand known for example from the ATRP. With this new catalyst system takes place with removal of the terminal bromine atoms, a coupling of the two chain ends.
- the two-sided end group functionalization with simultaneously controlled polymerization conditions using RAFT polymerisation is simpler.
- the radical is transferred to a specific RAFT agent, which in the further course of polymerization, e.g. mutually functioning as a bifunctional radical transfer reagent.
- RAFT agent which in the further course of polymerization, e.g. mutually functioning as a bifunctional radical transfer reagent.
- transmission e.g. Positioned hydroxy-functional part of the agent to the later chain end.
- the use of such dual hydroxy-functionalized RAFT agents is described, for example, in Lima et al. (J. of Polym., Part A: Polym. Chem., 43, 959-73, 2005).
- a major disadvantage of these RAFT products compared to ATRP products and in particular compared to the polymers according to the invention is the reduced thermal stability of the incorporated in the polymer residues of the RAFT agents, which are mostly trithiocarbonates.
- Other disadvantages are the possible
- Hydroxy-functionalized polyacrylates, polymethacrylates or polystyrenes can be used in a wide range of applications.
- the hydroxyl group can perform several functions.
- polar groups affect the miscibility of polymers and, thus, e.g. the mechanical properties of polymer blends.
- hydroxyl groups are very important in terms of surface adhesion. This applies, for example, both for the adhesion to surfaces, as it is used in coatings or paints. On the other hand, it is also true for the surface adhesion to the smallest particles, as it is e.g. is required in the dispersion of pigments or fillers.
- Reactive adhesives are solid at room temperature. They are going through
- US 5,866,656 and EP 1036103 describe reactive hot melt adhesives in which the poly (meth) acrylate binders are covalently bonded to the compounds having free isocyanate groups in the adhesive composition. Since this bonding usually takes place by means of a condensation reaction, such adhesives in which this bond is formed are said to be adhesives in the condensation stage.
- the adhesives thus obtained are distinguished from those described in US Pat. No. 5,021,507 by increased elasticity and improved adhesion to certain metal substrates and a longer open time available for processing.
- these reactive hot melt adhesives have significant disadvantages. For example, they show only a low initial strength. This results in a particularly long, disadvantageous fixing time after the application of the adhesive.
- Another disadvantage of the reactive adhesives of the prior art is the high viscosity which is relevant during processing. As a result, a processing of the molten reactive hot melt adhesive, especially the application to porous substrates, significantly more difficult. Partially, a gassing also occurs in the condensation stage.
- Another disadvantage is that the extractable content in the cured adhesive is quite high. This reduces inter alia the resistance of the adhesive to solvents.
- a further disadvantage is often insufficient in the viscosity stability of the reactive hot melt adhesive in the melt at, for example, 130 0 C, which especially the processability is difficult.
- a further disadvantage is that the free-radically polymerized materials also contain a higher proportion of low molecular weight constituents that do not participate in the crosslinking reactions and constitute the extractable constituent of corresponding reactive hot melt adhesives. With the ATRP method, the goal of tailor-made polymers has come a lot closer.
- the ATRP was also specifically developed with 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate (HEMA) as the hydroxyl-carrying monomer (Beers et al., Macromolecules, 1999, 32, p.5772-5776).
- binders with very narrow molecular weight distributions could be made available, which by free-radically polymerized (meth) acrylates only a small proportion have high molecular weight components. These components cause in polymer blends in particular an increase in viscosity. Furthermore, these polymers also contain a significantly lower proportion of low molecular weight and thus extractable components. The lower proportion of such ingredients increases the weather resistance, slows the product aging and leads to a significantly improved chemical resistance.
- a disadvantage of the reactive adhesives according to WO 05/047359 is a statistical distribution of the hydroxyl, mercapto or amine groups in the polymer chain of the binder. This leads to a close-meshed crosslinking and thus a reduced elasticity of the adhesive. This can also result in a deterioration of the substrate binding.
- This disadvantage is particularly noticeable if, in addition, the polyisocyanates as the formulation constituent of the reactive hot melt adhesive are functionalized with a larger number of free isocyanate groups. In this case, a poly (meth) acrylate with exclusive end-group functionalization as a coformulizing component is of great advantage in many respects. On the one hand, longer processing times can be set by selecting suitable polyisocyanates.
- polymer networks, in which a component is installed only via the chain end groups retain a particular flexibility. This increased flexibility of networks at the same time higher Resistance is also important in other applications such as sealants.
- the object of the present invention is to couple together in each case one chain end of two polymers prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) by means of a suitable reagent.
- ATRP atom transfer radical polymerization
- polymers by means of ATRP which have functional groups on more than 90% of the chain ends. These functional groups may in particular be hydroxy, amine, SiIyI or olefinic groups.
- the new process should be cost-effective and quickly feasible.
- a further object was to realize particularly low residual concentrations of the transition metal complex compounds after only one filtration step.
- the object has been achieved by initiating an ATRP with a bifunctional initiator which has a functionality X and optionally a further functionality Fi.
- X is a functionality commonly used to initiate ATRP, e.g. a halogen atom or a pseudohalogen group.
- Fi is a second functionality that is not an initiator under ATRP conditions. In particular, it may be a hydroxy, amine, SiIyI or olefinic group.
- this terminating reagent is a bifunctional compound having two functionalities F 2 .
- F 2 is a group which is suitable for substituting the functionality X on the previously polymerizing chain end of the polymer.
- F 2 is a thiol group.
- a very particular aspect of the present invention is that the addition of a reagent in one step simultaneously removes the terminal halogen atoms from the polymer chains, removes the transition metal compounds by precipitation, and salifies the ligands previously coordinated to the transition metal, which in turn, allows for easy removal the ligand allows transition metal.
- Initiators used in the ATRP are compounds having one or more atoms or atomic groups X which are radically transferable under the polymerization conditions of the ATRP process. Upon substitution of the active group X at the respective chain end of the polymer, an acid of the form X-H is liberated.
- the hydrogen halide which forms can not be hydrolyzed in organic polymerization solutions and thus has a particularly pronounced reactivity, which leads to a protonation of the below-described, mostly basic ligands on the transition metal compound. This quenching of the transition metal complex is extremely rapid and results in direct precipitation of the now unmasked transition metal compounds.
- the transition metal usually precipitates in the form in which it was used at the beginning of the polymerization: eg in the case of copper as CuBr, CuCI or CU 2 O. Under the condition that the transition metal simultaneously, for example by introducing air or is oxidized by the addition of sulfuric acid, the falls
- Transition metal compound in addition in the higher oxidation state.
- the transition metal precipitation in contrast to this oxidation-induced precipitation, can moreover be effected almost quantitatively. This is already possible after a filtration step To realize particularly low residual concentrations of transition metal complex compounds of less than 5 ppm.
- a major advantage of the present invention is the efficient removal of transition metal complexes from the solution.
- the reagents with two groups F 2 added according to the invention after or during the polymerization termination of the polymer solution are preferably compounds which contain sulfur in organically bound form.
- the two groups F 2 in this sulfur-containing compounds used for precipitation of transition metal ions or transition metal complexes are two SH groups.
- Bifunctionalized mercaptans or compounds which can form two thiol groups under the solution conditions are very particularly preferred as organic compounds. These may be organic compounds such as dithioglycol, 1, 3-propanedithiol, 1, 4-butanedithiol, 1, 5-pentanedithiol or 3,4-dimercaptotoluene. However, the compounds may also contain an ether, thioether, ester, amide, urethane or other heteroatom-containing group. An example of such a dithiol would be 2,2' -Oxydiethanthiol.
- said binunctional termination reagent has one or more additional functionalities F 3 in addition to the two groups F 2 .
- These groups F 3 do not undergo a substitution reaction with the group X and may be the same or different from the group Fi.
- An example of such a compound would be 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol; examples of compounds having two functional groups would be meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid, 1,4-dithioerythritol, or various 1,4-dithio-threitas.
- the particularly preferred compounds are commercially readily available compounds used in free-radical polymerization as regulators.
- the advantage of these compounds is their easy availability, their low price and the wide range of variations that allow optimal adaptation of the precipitating reagents to the respective polymerization system.
- the present invention can not be limited to these compounds or examples. Rather, it is decisive that the precipitant used has two -SH groups or forms two -SH groups under the present conditions of the polymer solution in situ.
- the amount of regulators based on the monomers to be polymerized, usually with 0.05% by weight to 5% by weight specified.
- the amount of the sulfur compound used is not related to the monomers but to the concentration of the polymerization-active chain ends in the polymer solution.
- polymerization-active chain ends is meant the sum of dormant and active chain ends.
- the sulfur-containing precipitating agents according to the invention are used in this sense, based on the initial initiator concentration in a maximum of 1 molar equivalents, preferably not more than 0.7 molar equivalents, more preferably below 0.6 molar equivalents and most preferably with 0.5 molar equivalents.
- the remaining amounts of residual sulfur can be easily removed by modification of the following filtration step.
- the mercaptans described may have no further influence on the polymers when added to the polymer solution during or after termination of the polymerization, with the exception of the substitution reaction described. This applies in particular to the breadth of the molecular weight distributions, the molecular weight, additional functionalities, glass transition temperature or melting temperature in semicrystalline polymers and polymer architectures.
- a further advantage of the present invention is that, by reducing to one or at most two filtration steps, a very fast work-up of the polymer solution compared to many established systems can take place.
- the substitution, the precipitation and the subsequent filtration at a temperature in the range between 0 0 C and 120 0 C and other process parameters in a common area are possible.
- Adsorbents or adsorbent mixtures can be used to reduce the last traces of sulfur compounds. This can be done in parallel or in successive processing steps.
- the adsorbents are known in the art, preferably selected from the group consisting of silica and / or alumina, organic polyacids, and activated carbon (e.g., Norit SX plus from Norit).
- the removal of the activated carbon can also take place in a separate filtration step or in a simultaneous filtration metal removal step.
- the activated carbon is not added as a solid to the polymer solution, but the filtration is carried out by activated charcoal-loaded filters which are commercially available (for example AKS 5 from PaII Seitz Schenk). Also can be used a combination of the addition of the previously described acidic
- the present invention relates to end-group functionalization of polymers with coupling of two polymer chains, the removal of the terminal halogen atoms and the transition metal complexes from all polymer solutions prepared by ATRP method.
- ATRP method the possibilities arising from the ATRP are briefly outlined. However, these lists are not suitable for describing the ATRP and thus the present invention in a limiting manner. Rather, they serve to demonstrate the great importance and versatility of the ATRP and thus also of the present invention for working up corresponding ATRP products:
- the ATRP polymerizable monomers are well known. The following are a few examples without limiting the present invention in any way.
- the notation (meth) acrylate describes the esters of (meth) acrylic acid and here means both methacrylate, such as methyl methacrylate, Ethyl methacrylate, etc., as well as acrylate, such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, etc., as well as mixtures of both.
- Monomers which are polymerized are selected from the group of (meth) acrylates, for example alkyl (meth) acrylates of straight-chain, branched or cycloaliphatic alcohols having 1 to 40 carbon atoms, such as, for example
- the monomer selection may also include respective hydroxy-functionalized and / or amino-functionalized and / or mercapto-functionalized and / or olefinically functionalized acrylates or methacrylates such as allyl methacrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate.
- compositions to be polymerized may also consist of or contain other unsaturated monomers.
- unsaturated monomers include, inter alia, 1-alkenes such as 1-hexene, 1-heptane, branched alkenes such as vinylcyclohexane, 3,3-dimethyl-1-propene, 3-methyl-1-diisobutylene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, acrylonitrile Vinyl esters such as vinyl acetate, especially styrene, substituted styrenes having an alkyl substituent on the vinyl group such as ⁇ -methylstyrene and ⁇ -ethylstyrene, substituted styrenes having one or more alkyl substituents on the ring such as vinyltoluene and p-methylstyrene, halogenated styrenes such as monochlorostyrenes, Dichlorostyrenes, tribromostyrenes and t
- Maleic anhydride, maleimide, methylmaleimide and dienes such as e.g. Divinylbenzene, and the respective hydroxy-functionalized and / or amino-functionalized and / or mercapto-functionalized and / or an olefinically functionalized compounds.
- these copolymers can also be prepared in such a way that they have a hydroxyl and / or amino and / or mercapto functionality and / or an olefinic functionality in a substituent.
- Examples of such monomers are vinylpiperidine, 1-vinylimidazole, N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-vinylpirrolidone, N-vinylpirrolidine, 3-vinylpyrrolidine, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylbutyrolactam, hydrogenated vinylthiazoles and hydrogenated vinyl oxazoles.
- the process can be carried out in any halogen-free solvents.
- Preference is given to toluene, xylene, acetates, preferably butyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate; Ketones, preferably ethyl methyl ketone, acetone; ether; Aliphatic, preferably pentane, hexane; Alcohols, preferably cyclohexanol, butanol, hexanol but also biodiesel.
- Block copolymers of composition AB can be prepared by sequential polymerization. These polymers can be coupled to block copolymers of the BA-AB form. By combining hard and soft blocks, it is possible in this way to realize a further property profile - and thus a wider applicability - of the products according to the invention. Even more extensive block structures with distribution of additional functionalities or other blocks is an option.
- the polymerization can be carried out at atmospheric pressure, underpressure or overpressure.
- the polymerization temperature is not critical. In general, however, it is in the range of -20 0 C to 200 0 C, preferably from 0 ° C to 130 0 C and particularly preferably from 50 ° C to 120 ° C.
- the polymers obtained according to the invention have a number average molecular weight between 5000 g / mol and 120,000 g / mol and more preferably between 7500 g / mol and 50,000 g / mol.
- the molecular weight distribution is less than 1, 8, preferably less than 1, 6, more preferably less than 1, 4 and ideally less than 1.2.
- the initiator used may be any compound which has an atom or atomic groups X which are radically transferable under the polymerization conditions of the ATRP process.
- the active group X is usually Cl, Br, I, SCN and / or N 3 .
- Suitable initiators broadly include the following formulas:
- R 1 R 2 R 3 CX, R 1 C ( O) -X, R 1 R 2 R 3 Si-X, R 1 NX 2 , R 1 R 2 NX, (R 1 ) n P (O) m - 3- X n, (R 1 O) n P (O) m - X 3-n and (R 1) (R 2 O) P (O) m -X,
- R 4 is an alkyl group of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, each hydrogen atom being independently represented by a halogen atom , preferably fluoride or chloride may be replaced or alkenyl of 2 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably vinyl, alkenyl of 2 to 10 Kolenstoffatomen, preferably acetylenyl, phenyl, which may be substituted by 1 to 5 halogen atoms or alkyl groups having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or aralkyl and wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting
- non-functionalized initiators include benzyl halides such as p-chloromethylstyrene, hexakis ( ⁇ -bromomethyl) benzene, benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, 1-bromo-1-phenylethane, and 1-chloro-1-phenylethane.
- carboxylic acid derivatives which are halogenated at the ⁇ -position, such as, for example, propyl 2-bromopropionate, methyl 2-chloropropionate, ethyl 2-chloropropionate, methyl 2-bromopropionate or ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate.
- tosyl halides such as p-toluenesulfonyl chloride; Alkyl halides such as carbon tetrachloride, tribromoethane, 1-vinylethyl chloride or 1-vinylethyl bromide; and halogen derivatives of phosphoric acid esters such as dimethylphosphonic acid chloride.
- a second group of initiators are the compounds of the general structure X-R-Fi additionally functionalized with a group Fi.
- X stands for the group already described above, which is radically transferable in the ATRP.
- Fi is a hydroxy, amino, te / f-butyl, epoxy, vinyl, allyl, cyano, silyl or azide group.
- R is an organic residue.
- R A R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 stand for any organic radicals.
- both R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen.
- R 3 and R 4 are preferably hydrogen and / or CH 3 groups.
- a is any number between 0 and 12, preferably between 0 and 6 and very particularly preferably between 0 and 2.
- doubly functionalized initiators of this structure are te / t-butyl 2-bromopropionate, tert-butyl 2-bromoisobutyrate, Hydroxyethyl 2-bromopropionate, hydroxyethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate, vinyl chloroacetate, allyl chloroacetate, glycidyl 2-bromopropionate and glycidyl 2-bromoisobutyrate.
- Initiators which, like te / t-butyl-2-bromopropionate, are a te / t-butyl ester are to be regarded as prepolymers for acid functionalization. It is known to those skilled in the art how easily a te / t-butyl ester e.g. thermally convertible with the elimination of isobutene in an acid.
- cyanofunctional initiators which usually have no ester group.
- examples listed are 4-cyanobenzyl bromide, bromoacetonitrile and 2-bromo-cyanopropane.
- Catalysts for ATPR are described in Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 2921. Copper complexes are predominantly described, but also iron, cobalt, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, silver, zinc, palladium, rhodium, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, ytterbium, Samarium, rhenium and / or nickel compounds for use. In general, all transition metal compounds can be used which can form a redox cycle with the initiator, or the polymer chain, which has a transferable atomic group.
- copper can be supplied to the system starting from Cu 2 O, CuBr, CuCl, CuI, CuN 3 , CuSCN, CuCN, CuNO 2 , CuNO 3 , CuBF 4 , Cu (CH 3 COO) or Cu (CF 3 COO).
- An alternative to the ATRP described is a variant of the same: In the so-called reverse ATRP compounds in higher oxidation states such as CuBr 2 , CuCl 2 , CuO, CrCl 3 , Fe 2 O 3 or FeBr 3 can be used. In these cases, the reaction can be initiated using classical free radical generators such as AIBN. In this case, the transition metal compounds are initially reduced because they are reacted with the radicals generated from the classical radical formers.
- the reverse ATRP has been described, inter alia, by Wang and Matyjaszewski in Macromolekules (1995), Vol. 28, p. 7572ff.
- a variant of the reverse ATRP represents the additional use of metals in the oxidation state zero.
- Transition metal compounds of the higher oxidation state an acceleration of the reaction rate is effected. This process is described in more detail in WO 98/40415.
- the molar ratio of transition metal to monofunctional initiator is generally in the range from 0.01: 1 to 10: 1, preferably in the range from 0.1: 1 to 3: 1 and particularly preferably in the range from 0.5: 1 to 2: 1, without this being a restriction.
- the molar ratio of transition metal to bifunctional initiator is generally in the range from 0.02: 1 to 20: 1, preferably in the range from 0.2: 1 to 6: 1 and particularly preferably in the range from 1: 1 to 4: 1, without this being a limitation.
- ligands are added to the system.
- the ligands facilitate the abstraction of the transferable atomic group by the transition metal compound.
- a list of known ligands can be found, for example, in WO 97/18247, WO 97/47661 or WO 98/40415.
- the compounds used as ligands usually have one or more nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and / or sulfur atoms. Particularly preferred are nitrogen-containing compounds. Very particularly preferred are nitrogen-containing chelate ligands.
- Examples include 2,2'-bipyridine, N, N, N ', N ", N” - pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA), tris (2-aminoethyl) amine (TREN), N, N, N', N '- tetramethylethylenediamine or 1,1,7,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetrannin.
- PMDETA pentamethyldiethylenetriamine
- TREN 2,2-aminoethyl amine
- N, N', N '- tetramethylethylenediamine or 1,1,7,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetrannin 1,1,7,7,10,10-hexamethyltriethylenetetrannin.
- ligands can form coordination compounds in situ with the metal compounds, or they can first be prepared as coordination compounds and then added to the reaction mixture.
- the ratio of ligand (L) to transition metal is dependent on the denticity of the ligand and the coordination number of the transition metal (M).
- the molar ratio is in the range 100: 1 to 0.1: 1, preferably 6: 1 to 0.1: 1 and more preferably 3: 1 to 1: 1, without this being a restriction.
- Crucial to the present invention is that the ligands are protonatable.
- ligands present in the coordination compound in a 1: 1 ratio to the transition metal are preferred.
- ligands such as 2,2'-bipyridine bound in the complex in a ratio to the transition metal of 2: 1 complete protonation can only occur if the transition metal is present in a significant deficit of e.g. 1: 2 to the active chain end X is used.
- Such a polymerization would be greatly slower than one with equivalent complex X ratios and not preferred because of incomplete protonation when used equiva- lently.
- the average molecular weights and molecular weight distributions are determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- Sulfur reagents forms shows, with ⁇ 10 ppm, an extremely low sulfur content, so that precipitation of the metal can be excluded as a sulfide.
- the polymer The elemental analysis of the polymer solution shows a very high sulfur content even after removal of the second colorless precipitate. Almost all of the sulfur added to the system is found in the solution or dried product.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007006105A DE102007006105A1 (de) | 2007-02-02 | 2007-02-02 | Verfahren zur Herstellung telecheler Polymere |
| PCT/EP2007/061616 WO2008092515A1 (de) | 2007-02-02 | 2007-10-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung telecheler polymere |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2132236A1 true EP2132236A1 (de) | 2009-12-16 |
Family
ID=39032337
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07821972A Withdrawn EP2132236A1 (de) | 2007-02-02 | 2007-10-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung telecheler polymere |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7943708B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2132236A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2010518184A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20090105956A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN101600739A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2007345394A1 (de) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0721403A2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2676967A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007006105A1 (de) |
| RU (1) | RU2009132728A (de) |
| TW (1) | TW200902573A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008092515A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006037350A1 (de) * | 2006-08-09 | 2008-02-14 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von halogenfreien ATRP-Produkten |
| DE102007039535A1 (de) * | 2007-08-21 | 2009-02-26 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Pentablockcopolymeren mit OH-funktionalisierten Blöcken auf (Meth)acrylatbasis |
| US9587062B2 (en) | 2014-12-15 | 2017-03-07 | Henkel IP & Holding GmbH and Henkel AG & Co. KGaA | Photocrosslinkable block copolymers for hot-melt adhesives |
| EP3242899A4 (de) * | 2015-01-08 | 2018-07-04 | Henkel IP & Holding GmbH | Verfahren zur herstellung von hochmolekularen polyacrylaten mit engen polydispersionsindizes |
| EP3702376B1 (de) * | 2018-09-24 | 2020-12-23 | Infineum International Limited | Verfahren zur herstellung von polymeren |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4471096A (en) * | 1982-08-03 | 1984-09-11 | Tenneco Polymers, Incorporated | Process for the production of vinyl chloride polymers in the presence of a chain-transfer agent that is a mercapto organic compound having at least one beta-ether linkage |
| US5021507A (en) | 1986-05-05 | 1991-06-04 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Arcylic modified reactive urethane hot melt adhesive compositions |
| US5763548A (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1998-06-09 | Carnegie-Mellon University | (Co)polymers and a novel polymerization process based on atom (or group) transfer radical polymerization |
| US5866656A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1999-02-02 | National Starch And Chemical Investment Holding Corporation | Polyurethane hotmelt adhesives with reactive acrylic copolymers |
| US5807937A (en) | 1995-11-15 | 1998-09-15 | Carnegie Mellon University | Processes based on atom (or group) transfer radical polymerization and novel (co) polymers having useful structures and properties |
| DE69707452T3 (de) | 1996-06-12 | 2015-07-23 | Warwick Effect Polymers Ltd. | Polymerisation-katalysator und -verfahren |
| JP4283799B2 (ja) * | 1996-11-28 | 2009-06-24 | 株式会社カネカ | 末端に水酸基を有する(メタ)アクリル系重合体の製造方法 |
| TW593347B (en) | 1997-03-11 | 2004-06-21 | Univ Carnegie Mellon | Improvements in atom or group transfer radical polymerization |
| US6143848A (en) | 1997-10-23 | 2000-11-07 | The B.F.Goodrich Company | End-functionalized polymers by controlled free-radical polymerization process and polymers made therefrom |
| CA2311712C (en) | 1997-12-01 | 2010-06-08 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Modified polyurethane hotmelt adhesive |
| JP2000154212A (ja) * | 1998-08-20 | 2000-06-06 | Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Co Ltd | 重合体およびエポキシ樹脂系組成物 |
| JP3974298B2 (ja) * | 1998-10-08 | 2007-09-12 | 株式会社カネカ | 重合体及び硬化性組成物 |
| JP2003026724A (ja) * | 2001-07-19 | 2003-01-29 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 重合体の製造方法 |
| DE10314898A1 (de) * | 2003-01-29 | 2004-08-12 | Tesa Ag | Haftklebebänder zur Verklebung von Druckplatten und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| DE10350786A1 (de) | 2003-10-29 | 2005-06-02 | Röhm GmbH & Co. KG | Mischungen zur Herstellung von Reaktivschmelzklebstoffen sowie daraus erhältliche Reaktivschmelzklebstoffe |
| DE102005045458A1 (de) | 2005-09-22 | 2007-03-29 | Röhm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von ABA-Triblockcopolymeren auf (Meth)acrylatbasis |
| DE102006015846A1 (de) | 2006-04-03 | 2007-10-04 | Röhm Gmbh | Kupferentfernung aus ATRP-Produkten mittels Zugabe von Schwefelverbindungen |
| DE102006037351A1 (de) * | 2006-08-09 | 2008-02-14 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von hydroxytelecheler ATRP-Produkten |
| DE102006037352A1 (de) * | 2006-08-09 | 2008-02-14 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von säureterminierten ATRP-Produkten |
| DE102006048154A1 (de) * | 2006-10-10 | 2008-04-17 | Evonik Röhm Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von silyltelechelen Polymeren |
-
2007
- 2007-02-02 DE DE102007006105A patent/DE102007006105A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-10-29 US US12/522,269 patent/US7943708B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-29 WO PCT/EP2007/061616 patent/WO2008092515A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2007-10-29 CA CA002676967A patent/CA2676967A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-10-29 BR BRPI0721403-0A patent/BRPI0721403A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-10-29 AU AU2007345394A patent/AU2007345394A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-10-29 KR KR1020097016125A patent/KR20090105956A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-10-29 JP JP2009547548A patent/JP2010518184A/ja active Pending
- 2007-10-29 RU RU2009132728/04A patent/RU2009132728A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2007-10-29 EP EP07821972A patent/EP2132236A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-10-29 CN CNA2007800506365A patent/CN101600739A/zh active Pending
-
2008
- 2008-01-30 TW TW097103504A patent/TW200902573A/zh unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008092515A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2010518184A (ja) | 2010-05-27 |
| US7943708B2 (en) | 2011-05-17 |
| WO2008092515A1 (de) | 2008-08-07 |
| BRPI0721403A2 (pt) | 2012-12-25 |
| AU2007345394A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
| CA2676967A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
| RU2009132728A (ru) | 2011-03-10 |
| DE102007006105A1 (de) | 2008-08-07 |
| CN101600739A (zh) | 2009-12-09 |
| TW200902573A (en) | 2009-01-16 |
| KR20090105956A (ko) | 2009-10-07 |
| US20100010178A1 (en) | 2010-01-14 |
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