EP2131956A1 - Verwendung von protonenliefernden und/oder protonenakzeptierenden polymerteilchen - Google Patents
Verwendung von protonenliefernden und/oder protonenakzeptierenden polymerteilchenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2131956A1 EP2131956A1 EP08717460A EP08717460A EP2131956A1 EP 2131956 A1 EP2131956 A1 EP 2131956A1 EP 08717460 A EP08717460 A EP 08717460A EP 08717460 A EP08717460 A EP 08717460A EP 2131956 A1 EP2131956 A1 EP 2131956A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- polymer particles
- acid
- use according
- proton
- monomers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/08—Ion-exchange resins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of polymer particles produced by emulsion polymerization having a mean particle diameter in the range of 5 to 500 nm, containing surface-standing and / or non-surface-standing ionic groups, as proton-providing and / or proton-accepting substance in heterogeneous chemical processes, particularly suitable polymer particles for the use in such processes as well as composite materials and moldings containing them.
- immobilized proton donors or proton donors or proton acceptors are required.
- immobilized proton donors or proton donors or proton acceptors are required.
- Proton acceptors offers fundamental advantages, such as facilitated separation.
- microgels for controlling the properties of elastomers or thermoplastics is known (WO2005 / 0331 85). In some cases, microgels have also been used which have functional groups on the surface or over the entire cross section.
- nanoparticle polymer particles modified with proton-providing or proton-accepting groups in heterogeneous chemical processes which require an immobilized proton donor or proton acceptor has hitherto not been known
- the present invention relates to the use of emulsion polymerized polymer particles having a mean particle diameter in the range of 5 to 500 nm, containing ionogenic groups as a proton-providing and / or proton-accepting substance, in heterogeneous chemical processes. Also included in the invention Applications in which the polymer particles are first at least partially neutralized.
- polymer particles offer numerous advantages over conventional proton donors or proton acceptors, since the chemical and physical properties of the polymer particles, such as particle size, particle morphology, quenching behavior, catalytic activity, hardness, dimensional stability, tackiness, aging resistance, impact resistance on the one hand by the manufacturing process, in particular by the polymerization process , as well as by selecting suitable base monomers and on the other hand by selecting suitable ionogenic groups whose concentration and Ansiedjungs Kunststoff in the polymer particles can be selectively adjusted or tailored within wide limits.
- Heterogeneous processes or processes are those in which phase boundaries, in particular solid / liquid and / or solid / gaseous, are involved, the polymer particles naturally being assigned to the solid phase.
- proton-delivering or proton-accepting means in particular, that the polymer particles can release or take up protons to a surrounding medium.
- the polymer particles are able to impart proton conductivity to the matrix.
- emulsion polymerization is understood in particular to be a process known per se, in which water is used as the reaction medium, in which the monomers used are polymerized in the presence of emulsifiers and free-radical-forming substances to form aqueous polymeriatices (see, for example, Römpp Lexikon der Chemie, Vol 2, 1 O. Edition 1 997; P, A. Loveil, MS El-Aasser, Emulsion Polymerization and Emulsion Polymers, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN: 0 471 96746 7, H. Gerrens, Fortschr. Hochpolym. Forsch. 234 (1 959)).
- the emulsion polymerization In contrast to suspension or dispersion polymerization, the emulsion polymerization generally gives finer particles which allow a lower particle absorbency in a matrix.
- the smaller particles are below with their small mean diameter the critical defect size, ie the matrices containing them are subject to only minor mechanical impairments, with a corresponding degree of dispersion.
- Particles of size less than 500 nm are generally not accessible by suspension or dispersion polymerization, as these particles are generally unsuitable for the purposes of this patent application.
- the choice of monomers sets the glass transition temperature and the glass transition width of the polymer particles.
- Glass transition (ATg) of the microgels is carried out by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), preferably as described below.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- two cooling / heating cycles are carried out for the determination of Tg and ATg.
- Tg and ATg are determined in the second heating cycle.
- approximately 10 -12 mg of the selected microgel is placed in a Perkin-Elmer DSC sample container (standard aluminum pan).
- the first DSC cycle is carried out by first cooling the sample with liquid nitrogen to -1 00 0 C and is then heated at a rate of 20K / min to + 1 50 0 C.
- the second DSC cycle is started by immediately cooling the sample as soon as a sample temperature of + 1 50 0 C is reached.
- the cooling takes place at a speed of about 320 K / min.
- the sample as in the first cycle is again heated to 50 + 1 0C.
- the heating rate in the second cycle is again 20K / min.
- Tg and ATg are determined graphically on the DSC curve of the second heating process.
- three straight lines are applied to the DSC curve.
- the 1 At the curve part of the DSC curve below Tg, the 2nd straight line at the curve branch with inflection point running through Tg and the 3rd straight line at the curve branch of the DSC curve above Tg are applied. In this way, three straight lines with two intersections are obtained. Both intersections are each characterized by a characteristic temperature.
- the glass transition temperature Tg is obtained as the average of these two temperatures and the width of the glass transition ATg is obtained from the difference between the two temperatures.
- Cumulative polymer particles have a gas temperature of generally ⁇ 23 ° C.
- Thermoplastic polymer teats have a glass transition temperature in general a glass transition temperature of> 23 ° C.,
- the width of the glass transition is preferably greater than 5 0 C, more preferably greater than 10 0 C. in the polymer used in the invention.
- Rubbery polymer particles are preferably those based on conjugated dienes such as butadiene, isoprene, 2-chlorobutadiene and 2,3-dichlorobutadiene, as well as ethene, esters of acrylic and
- Methacrylic acid vinyl acetate, styrene or derivatives thereof, acrylonitrile, acrylamides, methacrylamides, tetrafluoroethylene, vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropene, double bond-containing hydroxy compounds such. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, hydroxybutyl methacrylate, acrolein or combinations thereof.
- Suitable base monomers are in particular the following compounds:
- Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate vinylimidazole such as 1-vinylimidazole, vinylpyridine such as 2-vinylpyridine and 4-vinylpyridine, acrylamide, 2-acrylamidoglycolic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, acrylic acid [2 - (((butylamino) carbonyl ) -oxyl) ethyl ester], acrylic acid (2-diethylaminoethyl ester), acrylate (2- (dimethylamino) ethyl ester), acrylic acid (3- (dimethylamino) -propyl ester), acrylic acid-isopropylamide, acrylic acid phenylamide, acrylic acid (3 potassium salt, methacrylamide, methyl 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride, methyl 2- (tert -butylamino) ethylacrylate, 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacryl
- Preferred monomers or monomer combinations include butadiene, isoprene, acrylonitrile, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene,
- Vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropene “On the basis” here means that the polymer particles preferably consist of more than 60% by weight, preferably more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 90% by weight, of the stated monomers
- the polymer particles can be crosslinked or uncrosslinked be
- Traps of crosslinked polymer particles are also called microgels.
- the polymer particles may in particular be those based on
- Homopolymers and random copolymers are known to the person skilled in the art and are explained by Vollmert, Polymer Chemistry, for example.
- the polymer base of the rubbery, crosslinked or uncrosslinked polymer particles containing ionogenic groups may be used in particular:
- ABR butadiene / acrylic acid C 1-4 alkyl ester copolymers
- IR polyisoprene
- Styroig contents of 1-60, preferably 5-50 weight percent
- FKM fluororubber
- ACM acrylate rubber
- NBR polybutadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers
- thermoplastic polymer teats expediently have a gas transition temperature Tg of more than 23 ° C.
- the width of the glass transition is preferably greater than 5 0 C for the thermoplastic-like Poiymerteilchen (wherein it is determined the Tg and the width of the glass transition as described above).
- Non-rubbery, in particular thermoplastic, polymer particles are preferably those based on methacrylates, in particular methyl methacrylate, styrene or styroid derivatives, such as alpha-methylstyrene, para-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, vinylcarbazole or combinations thereof. "On the basis” here means that the polymer particles preferably consist of more than 60% by weight, preferably more than 70% by weight, more preferably more than 90% by weight, of the stated monomers. More preferred thermoplastic polymer particles are those
- methacrylates especially methyl methacrylate, styrene, alpha-methylstyrene and acrylonitrile.
- the polymer particles preferably have an approximately spherical geometry.
- the polymer particles used according to the invention have an average particle diameter in the range from 5 to 500 nm, preferably from 20 to 400, particularly preferably from 30 to 300 nm.
- the average particle diameter is determined by ultracentrifugation with the aqueous latex of the polymer particles from the emulsion polymerization. The method gives a mean value for the particle diameter taking into account any agglomerates. (G.G.Muller (1 99)) Colloid Polymer Science 267: 1131 3-116 and W. Scholtan, H. Lange (1972) Kolloid-Z and 2. Polymers 250: 782).
- Ultracentrifugation has the advantage of characterizing the total particle size distribution and calculating various mean values, such as means of drawing, weight average, from the distribution curve.
- the mean diameter data used according to the invention relate to the weight average.
- diameter data such as d ⁇ 0 , d 60 and d 80 are used. This information means that 10, 50 or 80 wt.% the particles have a diameter smaller than the corresponding numerical value in% by weight,
- the diameter determination by means of dynamic light scattering leads in first approximation to comparable average particle diameters. It is also done on the latex. Common are lasers operating at 633 nm (red) and 532 nm (green). In the case of dynamic light scattering, the entire particle size distribution is not characterized, as in the case of ultracentrifugation, but a mean value is obtained in which large particles are disproportionately weighted.
- the polymer particles used according to the invention preferably have a weight-average particle diameter in the range from 5 to 500 nm, preferably from 20 to 400, particularly preferably from 30 to 300 nm.
- the particles are prepared by emulsion polymerization, wherein the particle size is adjusted in a wide range of diameters by varying the starting materials, such as emulsifier concentration, initiator concentration, Fiottendream of organic to aqueous phase, ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic monomers, amount of crosslinking monomer, polymerization temperature, etc.
- the latices are treated by vacuum distillation or by treatment with superheated steam in order to separate off volatile components, in particular unreacted monomers,
- the processing of the polymer particles produced in this way can be carried out, for example, by evaporation, electrolytic coagulation, co-coagulation with another latex polymer, by freeze coagulation (cf., US-PS 21 87146) or by spray-drying.
- freeze coagulation cf., US-PS 21 87146
- spray-drying cf., US-PS 21 87146
- commercially available flow aids such as, for example, CaCO 3 or silica can also be added,
- the polymer particles produced by emulsion polymerization according to the invention are at least partially crosslinked in a preferred embodiment.
- Crosslinking of polymer backings may be achieved directly during emulsion polymerization, such as by copolymerization with crosslinking multifunctional compounds or by subsequent crosslinking as described below. Direct crosslinking during emulsion polymerization is preferred.
- polyhydric preferably 2- to 4-valent C 2 to C 10 alcohols
- ethylene glycol propanediol 1, 2, butanediol, hexanediol
- Polyethylengiykol having 2 to 20, preferably 2 to 8 oxyethylene units
- Neopentyl glycol bisphenol A, glycerol, trimethyl
- Crosslinking during emulsion polymerization can also be achieved by continuing the polymerization up to high conversions or in Mo ⁇ omerzul ⁇ ufverf ⁇ hren by polymerization with high internal conversions take place. Another possibility is to carry out the emulsion polymerization in the absence of regulators. For the crosslinking of the uncrosslinked or the weakly crosslinked polymer particles following the
- Emulsion polymerization is best used the latices obtained in the emulsion polymerization.
- Suitable crosslinking chemicals are organic peroxides, such as dicumyl peroxide, t-butylicyl peroxide, bis (t-butyl-peroxy-isopropyl) benzene, di-t-butyl peroxide, 2,5-ditmethylhexane-2,5-dihydroperoxide, 2, 5-dimethylhexine-3,2,5-dihydroper-oxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide, t-butyl perbenzoate and organic azo compounds such as azo-bis-isobutyronitrile and azo-bis-cyclohexanenitrile and di- and Polymercaptoverbi ⁇ ditch, such as dimercaptoethane, 1, 6-dimercaptohexane, 1, 3,5 Tri ⁇ mercaptotriazin and mercapto-terminated polysulfide such as mercapto-terminated reaction products of bis
- the optimal temperature for carrying out the post-crosslinking is naturally dependent on the reactivity of the crosslinking agent and can at temperatures from room temperature to ca, 1 80 0 C, optionally carried out at elevated pressure (see Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, 4, pad, Volume 14/2, page 848).
- Particularly preferred crosslinking agents are peroxides.
- the crosslinked polymer particles used in accordance with the invention expediently have toluene at 23 ° C. insoluble fractions (gel content) of at least about 70% by weight, more preferably at least about 80% by weight, even more preferably at least about 90% by weight.
- the insoluble fraction in Toluoi is determined in toluene at 23 °.
- 250 mg of the polymer teats are swollen in 25 ml Toluoi 24 hours with shaking at 23 ° C. After centrifugation at 20,000 rpm, the insoluble fraction is separated and dried. The gel content results from the quotient of the dried residue and the weight and is given in percent by weight.
- the crosslinked polymer particles used erfi ⁇ dungswash further expediently have Toluoi at 23 0 C a swelling index of less than about 80, more preferably less than 60 more preferably less than 40.
- the swelling indexes of the polymer particles (Qi) can be more preferably between 1 - 1 5 and 1 - 1 0 are.
- the swelling index is calculated from the weight of the polymer particles polymerized in toluene at 23 ° for 24 hours (after centrifugation at 20,000 rpm) and the weight of the dry polymer particles:
- Qi wet weight of the polymer particles / dry weight of the polymer particles.
- the polymer particles used according to the invention contain ionogenic groups, according to the invention ionogenic groups are those which are ionic or capable of forming ionic groups; in this way they are capable of delivering protons and / or of accepting protons.
- the ionogenic groups are selected from one or more of the following functional groups: -COOH, -SO 3 H, -OSO 3 H,
- salts represent the conjugated bases to the acidic functional groups, ie -COO " , -SO 3 " , -OSO 3 -, -P (O) 2 (OH) - or -P (O) 3 3 " , -0 -P (O) 2 2 and -OP (O) 2 (OH) - or -OP (O) 3 2 " in the form of their metal, preferably alkali metal or ammonium salts.
- particularly preferred ionic groups in the context of the invention are selected from -SO 3 H, -PO (OH) 2 , -O-P (O) (OH) 2 and / or their salts and / or derivatives thereof, in particular partial esters thereof ,
- the ionogenic groups may be surface-active and / or non-surface-active.
- the ionogenic groups can be introduced into the polymer teats by copolymerization of appropriately functionalized monomers and / or by modification after polymerization.
- R is a divalent organic group, in particular C l to Cl O-Aikylen.
- R is a C 2 -C 4 alkylene group (i.e., a C 2 -C 4 alkanediyl group) such as methylene, ethylene or n-propylene.
- Saize of these compounds are also applicable, such as in particular alkali metal salts, preferably the sodium salt or ammonium salts.
- the corresponding acrylates can also be used.
- partial esters can be used with other saturated or unsaturated carboxylic acids of these compounds.
- partial ester includes both the case that a part of the acidic hydroxyl groups of the ionic group is partially esterified, as well as the case in which a part of the hydroxyl groups is esterified in the polymer, another part is not esterified.
- the proportion of the functionalized monomers having copolymerized ionogenic groups is preferably from 0.1 to 100% by weight, more preferably from 0.2 to 99.5% by weight, based on the total amount of the monomers. This means that homopolymers of these monomers carrying ionic groups can also be used. For example, at least 10 can be used.
- Wt .-% at least 20 wt .-% or at least 30 wt .-% of these monomers.
- the ionogenic groups -OSO 3 H and -OP (O) (OH) 2 can also be converted, for example, by reaction of hydroxyl-modified polymer particles (such as by polymerization of
- -P (O) (OH) 2 can also be introduced by sulfonation or phosphonation of aromatic vinyl polymers, ionogenic groups can also be prepared by reaction of hydroxyl-modified Polyme ⁇ teilchen with correspondingly functionalized epoxides.
- These reactive chemicals are in particular those compounds with whose help polar groups such. Aldehyde, hydroxyk, carboxyl, nitrile, etc. and sulfur containing groups, e.g. Mercapto, dithiocarbamate, polysulfide, xanthate and / or Dithiophosphorklare weakness and / or unsaturated
- Dicarboxylic acid groups can be chemically bonded to the polymer particles.
- the aim of the modification is, in particular, to improve the compatibility with a matrix polymer into which the polymer particles are optionally incorporated in order, for example, to achieve good distributability during production and good coupling.
- Particularly preferred methods of modification are the grafting of the polymer particles with functional monomers and the reaction with low molecular weight agents. In this way, if appropriate, the ionogenic, proton donating or proton accepting monomers can be introduced into the polymer particles.
- aqueous microgel dispersion which has been obtained with polar monomers such as vinylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, Itaconic acid, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate (The term "(meth) acrylate” in the present application includes both methacrylate and acrylate), hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, acrylonitrile, acrylamide , Methacrylamide, acrolein, phosphonic acid or phosphoric acid group-containing
- polar monomers such as vinylsulfonic acid, styrenesulfonic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, Itaconic acid, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate (The term "(meth) acrylate” in the present application includes both methacrylate and acrylate), hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxybutyl (me
- polymerizable C C double bond-containing monomers or salts or derivatives, in particular partial esters thereof the conditions of a radical emulsion polymerization.
- the monomer used in the modification step grafted onto the unmodified polymer particle or microgel as quantitatively as possible.
- the functional monomers are added before complete crosslinking of the microgels.
- a modification of double bond-containing polymer particles e.g. by Ozonoiyse comes into question.
- the polymer particles, in particular the microgels are modified by hydroxyl groups, in particular also on the surface thereof.
- the hydroxyl group content of the polymer particles, in particular of the microgels is determined by reaction with acetic anhydride and titration of the acetic acid released herewith KOH according to DIN 53240 as hydroxyl Zahi with the dimension mg KOH / g polymer.
- the hydroxyl number of the polymer particles, in particular of the microgels is preferably between OJ - 100, more preferably between 0.5-50 mg KOH / g polymer.
- the amount of modifier used depends on its effectiveness and the particular requirements placed in the individual case and is in the range of 0.05 to 30 weight percent, based on the total amount of polymer used, in particular microgel, more preferably 0.5-10 Weight percent based on total amount of polymer particles, in particular microgel.
- the modification reactions can be carried out at temperatures from 0- 1 80 0 C, preferably 20-95 0 C, optionally under a pressure of 1 -30 bar, are carried out, the modifications can be made to rubber microgels in substance or in the form of their dispersion, inert organic solvents or water may be used as the reaction medium in the latter case. Particularly preferably, the modification is carried out in aqueous dispersion of the crosslinked rubber.
- polymer particles whose preparation can be carried out as described above are suitable, for example, as catalysts in acid-catalyzed reactions, such as the oligomerization of isobutene, the acid-catalyzed preparation of bisphenol A, esterification reactions, Friedel-Crafts reactions.
- Polymer matrices all in heterogeneous processes or processes in which phase boundaries, in particular solid / liquid, solid / gaseous involved.
- phase boundaries in particular solid / liquid, solid / gaseous involved.
- Membranes, films, etc. can be used according to the invention Polyrer particles in a proportion of milligram polymer to polymer particles of 1; 99 to 99: 1, preferably from 1 0: 90 to 90: 1 0, more preferably 20: 80 to 80: 20 be contained.
- the amount of polymer particles used in the invention depends on the desired properties of the molded articles, such as proton conductivity of the membranes.
- Suitable matrix polymers are, for example, thermoplastic polymers such as standard thermoplastics, so-called techno-thermoplastics and so-called high-performance thermoplastics (cf. H, G. Elias Makromoleküle Volume 2, 5 ed., Wegig & Wepf Verlag, 1 992, page 443 ff), such as for example, in polypropylene, polyethylene, such as HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, polystyrene, etc.
- thermoplastic polymers such as standard thermoplastics, so-called techno-thermoplastics and so-called high-performance thermoplastics (cf. H, G. Elias Makromoleküle Volume 2, 5 ed., Hüthig & Wepf Verlag, 1 992, page 443 ff), such as for example, in polypropylene, polyethylene, such as HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, polystyrene, etc.
- thermoplastic materials such as PU, PC, EVM, PVA, PVAC, polyvinyl butyral, PET, PBT, POM, PMMA, PVC, ABS, AES, SAN , PTFE, CTFE, PVF, PVDF, polyimides, PA, in particular PA- ⁇ (nylon), more preferably PA-4, PA-66 (perlon), PA-69, PA-61 0, PA-1, PA I 2, PA 61 2, PA-MXD6, etc.
- the weight ratio of these matrix polymers to the polymer particles may suitably be from 1:99 to 99; 1, preferably from 10:90 to 90: 1 0, more preferably 20: 80 to 80: 20.
- Preferred matrix polymer for use in polyelectrolyte membranes, in particular for fuel cells is polybenzimidazole (for example US Pat. No. 4,460,763).
- the invention further relates to novel polymer particles having an average particle diameter in the range of 5 to 500 nm (determined by ultracentrifugation as set forth above) obtained by emulsion polymerization containing ionogenic groups selected from the group consisting of: -SO 3 H, -OSO 3 H, -P (O) (OH) 2 , -O-P (OH) 2 and -O-P (O) (OH) 2 and / or their salts and / or derivatives thereof.
- ionogenic groups selected from the group consisting of: -SO 3 H, -OSO 3 H, -P (O) (OH) 2 , -O-P (OH) 2 and -O-P (O) (OH) 2 and / or their salts and / or derivatives thereof.
- the proportion of said ionic groups in the polymer particles is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 95% by weight, more preferably 1 to 90% by weight, based on the total amount of the polymer particles.
- Suitable salts of the polymer particles include metal or ammonium salts, especially alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, etc.
- Suitable derivatives of the polymer particles include, in particular, ester and partial esters of said ionic groups.
- the invention is not limited in the applications of these novel polymer particles, and they can be used in all applications already described above.
- the invention relates to novel composite materials of the aforementioned polymer particles wherein these are coated on at least one support material.
- support materials include inorganic and organic materials, for example: carbon black, silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide, barium sulfate, zeolites, ion exchange resins, fibers, in particular polymer fibers, etc.
- novel polymer particles can also be used in pure form, for example in ion exchange or catalytic processes.
- the invention further relates to novel moldings, in particular films in which the above-mentioned polymer particles are contained in particular in a polymer matrix.
- the polymer particles used according to the invention in a proportion of matrix polymer to polymer particles can be from 1:99 to 99: 1, preferably from 10: 90 to
- microgels were prepared by emulsion polymerization.
- the Mo ⁇ omerkombinationen used for the production of microgels and essential dictionaryur Strukturteiie are summarized in Tables 1) and 2). All formulation ingredients are based on 1 00 parts by weight of the monomer mixture.
- Table 1 summarizes the experiments in which the emulsifier Mersolat® H 95 from Lanxess GmbH was used.
- Mersolat® H 95 is the sodium salt of a mixture of long chain (C l 6 -C 18) alkyl sulfonates.
- Table 2 summarizes the tests in which a mixture of disproportionated rosin acid (Dresinate® 731/70% by Abieta) and fatty acid (Edenor® HTICl N from Oleo Chemicals / 1 2% in water) was used as the emulsifier , In addition, 0.6 parts by weight of potassium hydroxide were added to these experiments (Table 2). Due to the amount of potassium hydroxide, the mixture of resin and fatty acid was formally neutralized to 1 50%.
- Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (90%) from Aldrich; Product number: 24684-0 (Abbreviation: TMPTMA) Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (96%) of Acros; Product number: 1 5633001 0 (abbreviation: HEMA)
- NaSS Na styrenesulfonate
- Na 2 VP was obtained from H 2 VP by in situ neutralization with 2 equiv, NaOH.
- the weight refers to the sodium salt of vinylphosphonic acid (Na 2 VP)
- the weight 2- (methacryloyloxy) ethyl phosphate refers to the free acid (H 2 MOOEP); before initiation of the polymerization, H 2 MOOEP was added by addition of 2 equiv. KOH neutralized, so that in the reaction mixture the corresponding dipotassium salt was present (K 2 MOOEP)
- the quantity refers to the total amount of Mersolat®H 95 in the reaction mixture
- the quantity refers to the total amount of water in Christsansafz
- an activator solution was prepared from 0.56 g of p-menthane hydroperoxide (Trigonox NT 50 from Akzo-Degussa) in 50 g of water and the remaining amount of MersoSat K30 / 95 (2.1 g),
- the latexes of Table 1) and 2) were filtered and treated with stabilizer as in Example 2 of US 6399706, coagulated and dried.
- the gels were measured both in the latex state by ultracentrifugation (UZ) and by dynamic light scattering (DLS) in terms of particle diameter and as a solid with respect to the solubility in toluene (Geigehalt, swelling index / Ql) and by DSC
- the latices have a characteristic particle size distribution which is described by the diameter data d 10 , d 50 and d 80 These diameter data mean that in each case 10 % by weight ( C 1, 0), 50% by weight (D 50 ) and 80% by weight (D ⁇ 0 ) of the particles have a diameter which is smaller than the stated numerical value ,
- S particle diameter determined on latex obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS).
- DLS dynamic light scattering
- Tg and ⁇ Tg the DSC-2 instrument from Perkin-Elmer was used.
- the sample is cooled with liquid nitrogen at 320 K / min, to -130 0 C and at a heating rate of 20 K / min , heated to 1 50 0 C.
- the second measurement cycle is again - 1 30 0 C cooled and heated at 20 K / min.
- Tg and ⁇ Tg are determined in the 2nd measuring cycle.
- the insoluble fraction Galgeh ⁇ St
- Ql swelling index
- 250 mg of the microgel were swollen in 25 ml Toiuol 24 hours with shaking at 23 ° C. After centrifugation at 20,000 rpm, the insoluble fraction is separated and dried.
- the swelling index Q1 is calculated from the weight of the solvent-containing microgel swollen in toluene at 23 ° C for 24 hours (after centrifugation at 20,000 rpm) and the weight of the dry microgel according to the following formula:
- the two gels containing hydroxy groups OBR 1327 B and OBR 1330 I were first with sulfuric acid (50 g gel in 250 ml sulfuric acid / 1 0%) or, with phosphoric acid (50 g Gei in 250 ml of phosphoric acid / l 0% ig 24h at 96 ° treated C, isolated by filtration, redispersed in water and washed until neutral with deionized water and dried at 6O 0 C.
- each of 1 0 g of the acid-treated gel in a 0.32 molar aqueous solution of copper sulfate (CuSO 4 * 5H 2 0 from Aldrich, article number 20,920-1) was dispersed with stirring for 24 h, after which the gels were filtered off and dried to constant weight at 60 ° C.
- the contents of selected metals were measured both before (original samples) and after treatment with acid / Copper solution determined by AES-ICP (see following table).
- the experiment is carried out in an apparatus with a water separator and passing over nitrogen.
- the percentages are area percentages in the GC.
- the experiment is carried out in an apparatus with water separator and under
- microgel OBR 1297 is hexanol swollen prior to the start at room temperature for 4 days anhydrous in 97.0 g 2-Ethyl From Multiple stirring, under a stream of nitrogen is heated up within 50 minutes at 150 0 C for 6 hours stirred at 1 50 0 C and passing nitrogen. An hourly small sample is taken for GC measurement. These samples are blank. After the reaction, the microgel is filtered off, extracted and dried in a vacuum oven at 80 0 C and 100 mbar to constant weight. The microgel is returned virtually quantitatively. The evolution of sales is documented in Table 2.
- the percentages are area percentages in the GC.
- the experiment is carried out in an apparatus with a water separator and passing over nitrogen, batch
- the percentages are area percentages in the GC.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE200710011427 DE102007011427A1 (de) | 2007-03-08 | 2007-03-08 | Verwendung von protonenliefernden und/oder protonenakzeptierenden Polymerteilchen |
| PCT/EP2008/052713 WO2008107470A1 (de) | 2007-03-08 | 2008-03-06 | Verwendung von protonenliefernden und/oder protonenakzeptierenden polymerteilchen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2131956A1 true EP2131956A1 (de) | 2009-12-16 |
Family
ID=39494639
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08717460A Withdrawn EP2131956A1 (de) | 2007-03-08 | 2008-03-06 | Verwendung von protonenliefernden und/oder protonenakzeptierenden polymerteilchen |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2131956A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007011427A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008107470A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102008002457A1 (de) | 2008-06-16 | 2009-12-17 | Elcomax Membranes Gmbh | Verwendung eines protonenleitfähigkeitverleihenden Materials bei der Herstellung von Brennstoffzellen |
| DE102008056975A1 (de) | 2008-11-13 | 2010-05-20 | Lanxess Deutschland Gmbh | Lagerstabile, hydroxylmodifizierte Mikrogellatices |
| DE102012103159A1 (de) * | 2012-04-12 | 2013-10-17 | Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh | Strahlung emittierendes Bauelement, transparentes Material und Füllstoffpartikel sowie deren Herstellungsverfahren |
| CN105732371B (zh) * | 2016-03-22 | 2018-04-13 | 和夏化学(太仓)有限公司 | 一种无色透明的苯甲酸乙基己酯的制备方法 |
| CN115785513B (zh) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-11-03 | 佛山市云米电器科技有限公司 | 一种具有高比表面积的弱酸基材及其应用 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2187146A (en) | 1936-10-24 | 1940-01-16 | Du Pont | Process of coagulation |
| US4460763A (en) | 1981-08-07 | 1984-07-17 | E. I. Dupont De Nemours And Company | Preparation of small particle polybenzimidazole |
| US5302696A (en) | 1989-05-16 | 1994-04-12 | Olin Corporation | Process for minimizing residual free hydrazine in polymer latices |
| FR2691969B1 (fr) * | 1992-06-04 | 1994-09-23 | Prolabo Sa | Nanoparticules de polymères fonctionnalisées, leur procédé de préparation et leur utilisation. |
| US5424356A (en) | 1994-03-21 | 1995-06-13 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Process for the preparation of hydrogenated rubber |
| WO1998050152A1 (en) * | 1997-05-07 | 1998-11-12 | Olah George A | Nanoscale solid superacid catalysts with pendant fluoroalkylsulfonic acid or fluoro, perfluoroalkylsulfonic acid groups |
| EP0882747B1 (de) * | 1997-06-05 | 2005-10-19 | Kansai Paint Co., Ltd. | Phosphorsäuregruppen enthaltende nicht-wässrige Dispersion und Verfahren zu ihrer Verwendung |
| EP1063259A1 (de) | 1999-06-26 | 2000-12-27 | Bayer Ag | Mikrogelhaltige Kautschukcompounds mit schwefelhaltigen Organosiliciumverbindungen |
| US7189767B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2007-03-13 | Rohm And Haas Company | Colorants, dispersants, dispersions, and inks |
| US6867275B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2005-03-15 | Rohm And Haas Company | Solid media |
| DE10345043A1 (de) | 2003-09-27 | 2005-04-21 | Rhein Chemie Rheinau Gmbh | Mikrogel-enthaltende Zusammensetzung |
| DE102004009396A1 (de) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-09-08 | Schuster, Robert H., Prof. Dr. | Membran, insbesondere für eine Verwendung in einer Brennstoffzelle und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
-
2007
- 2007-03-08 DE DE200710011427 patent/DE102007011427A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-03-06 EP EP08717460A patent/EP2131956A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-03-06 WO PCT/EP2008/052713 patent/WO2008107470A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008107470A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102007011427A1 (de) | 2008-09-11 |
| WO2008107470A1 (de) | 2008-09-12 |
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