EP2131508B1 - Mehrcode-Apertursender/-empfänger - Google Patents

Mehrcode-Apertursender/-empfänger Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2131508B1
EP2131508B1 EP09075091.0A EP09075091A EP2131508B1 EP 2131508 B1 EP2131508 B1 EP 2131508B1 EP 09075091 A EP09075091 A EP 09075091A EP 2131508 B1 EP2131508 B1 EP 2131508B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
receiver
signal
array
elements
transmitter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP09075091.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2131508A2 (de
EP2131508A3 (de
Inventor
Atul Jain
David A. Whelan
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Boeing Co
Original Assignee
Boeing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Boeing Co filed Critical Boeing Co
Publication of EP2131508A2 publication Critical patent/EP2131508A2/de
Publication of EP2131508A3 publication Critical patent/EP2131508A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2131508B1 publication Critical patent/EP2131508B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0678—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission using different spreading codes between antennas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/003—Bistatic radar systems; Multistatic radar systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G01S13/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves
    • G01S13/26—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave
    • G01S13/28—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave with time compression of received pulses
    • G01S13/284—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave with time compression of received pulses using coded pulses
    • G01S13/288—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse modulated waves wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave with time compression of received pulses using coded pulses phase modulated
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
    • G01S2013/0245—Radar with phased array antenna
    • G01S2013/0254—Active array antenna
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
    • G01S2013/0281—LPI, Low Probability of Intercept radar
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
    • H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to transmitter/receiver systems and, more particularly, to multicode transmitter/receiver arrays.
  • Phased array antennas are widely used for directing one or more beams of radiation in desired directions for transmission of radiant energy and for reception of radiant energy.
  • a typical phased array antenna there is a plurality of radiators, each of which contains a radiating element of the antenna where the relative phase of radio frequency (RF) waves propagated through each radiating element can be controlled to steer the "beam" of the antenna's radiation pattern.
  • RF radio frequency
  • phased array antenna known as active arrays (an antenna comprising multiple low power transmitter elements)
  • each radiating element has associated electronics that include amplifiers and phase shifters to support transmit and receive for the radiation.
  • a satellite may include an antenna system of this type that facilitates communication between the satellite and one or more ground stations on earth.
  • typical active phased array antenna systems use common transmitter modules and waveforms for each of the independent elements and may give rise to overall issues of Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) or damage with respect to other systems and objects such as Cochannel Interference on cellular communication systems, detected power levels above FCC mandated levels, or radiation damage to living objects.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Interference
  • EP 1918734 is related to a so called multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar.
  • MIMO systems use multiple transmission receivers which are separated to generate multiple propagation pathes to and from the target and multiple angles as a transmitter transceiver.
  • a method of transmitting and receiving signals comprising: splitting a signal into more than one portion for feeding the signal into separate elements of an array of a radar system; coding each portion of the signal for transmission through each separate element of the array by convolving each portion of the signal with a respective different coding waveform; transmitting each coded portion of the signal through a corresponding separate element of the array; receiving the coded portions of the signal by correlated receiver elements on a receiver side; characterized by decoding the coded portions of the signal by the correlated receiver elements by convolving the coded portions of the received signal with the sum of the complex conjugates of the coding waveforms; and wherein the sum of decoded portions of the signal forms a complete received signal, wherein the array further comprises an active antenna array, wherein the receiving the coded portions of the signal by the receiver elements on the receiver side of the radar system further comprises receiving the coded portions of the signal reflected from a target object by separate receiver elements at the active antenna array.
  • an active antenna array of a radar system for receiving and transmitting a signal comprising: a feed adapted to receive and split the signal into low power signals; a transmitter comprising means configured to code the low power signals by convolving the low power signals with a respective different coding waveform; transmitter elements at a transmitter side for transmitting each coded low power signal through a corresponding transmitter element of the array; receiver elements at a receiver side for receiving all the low power signals, wherein the receiver elements at the receiver side in the radar system are part of the active antenna array itself; characterized by a receiver correlated to the transmitter, said receiver comprising means configured to decode the received low power signals with the sum of the complex conjugates of the coding waveforms, and wherein the sum of the decoded low power signals forms a complete received signal.
  • Systems and methods according to one or more embodiments provide a multicode transmitter/receiver system that reduces the detected power as seen by an unknown receiver or felt by an object when a phased array antenna is transmitting, while at the same time, maintaining the power relationships of the overall system.
  • the coded transmitter/receiver system transmits a signal that is convolved with orthogonal output waveforms through individual elements of a phased array and that cannot be easily detected by an uncorrelated or unmatched receiver because the uncorrelated receiver sees a very low energy output from each element of the phased array. That is, detected power is reduced as seen by the unmatched receiver or felt by an object (animal, human or inanimate).
  • Each element of the phased array is low gain with a wide angular beamwidth, and the propagation loss for any appreciable distance is significant.
  • a matched or correlated receiver may easily detect returns from its own transmission system because the correlated receiver may coherently combine the received individual signals.
  • the correlated receiver sees high energy as coming from the high gain transmit array antenna having a narrow angular transmission pattern.
  • Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) of the transmitted waveform may be reduced based on the number of orthogonal waveforms used.
  • the system described herein may assist with power management for several applications including communications systems, radar systems, ultrasound systems, optical systems, infrared systems or other microwave systems.
  • a diagram is shown illustrating a multicode aperture transmitter/receiver for a communications system in accordance with an embodiment.
  • an array antenna transmitter system 100 also referred to as "active array”
  • a signal 102 is split into low power signals through a feed network 104.
  • the split signal is then transmitted in the form of multiple coded waveforms that are orthogonal to each other through an N number of RF modules 101 of the array antenna transmitter system 100.
  • One of the RF modules 101 may receive a portion of signal 102 (low power signal) via feed network 104, from where the portion of signal 102 may then be directed to each individual antenna element 114 via a phase shifter 108, a variable attenuator 110, and a correlator 112 that codes the portion of signal 102 by convolution with a coding waveform f n (t) corresponding to the respective individual antenna element 114.
  • the individual coding waveforms f 1 (t), f 2 (t), «, f n (t) may be supplied by a waveform generator 111 to the respective RF module 101, or alternatively, the coding waveforms may be built-in within RF modules 101.
  • General techniques for generating random codes are well known in the art as set forth in the technical literature. See for example " Modern Radar” by Raymond S. Berkowitz (John Wiley & Sons, Inc. NY 1965), at chapter 4 .
  • signal 102 may be split into low power signals or portions, and each portion of split signal 102 may be individually coded. Each coded portion of signal 102 may then be directed through a high power amplifier (HPA) 113 to be transmitted through the corresponding individual element 114 of the N-element array antenna transmitter system for a practical distance "R" such that M correlated receiver elements 116 are programmed to detect and decode all of the transmitted N coded portions of signal 102.
  • HPA high power amplifier
  • the N individual elements 114 may be coordinated in phase to achieve high gain and high power as well as controlled direction from coherent summation of radiation from each individual element 114.
  • the radiation from all the transmitted coded portions of signal 102 is received at the M correlated receiver elements 116, where it is coherently integrated and processed.
  • the M correlated receiver elements 116 may be a single element, for M equal to one, or may include multiple M correlated receiver elements in the case of a phased array receiver.
  • the coded radiation of each coded portion of signal 102 that is received at the M correlated receiver elements 116 may be combined through a receive feed network 117.
  • the combined signal may then be decoded at correlator 118 for each of the coded waveforms by convolution with the sum of the complex conjugate of the coding waveforms used at the transmitter elements.
  • Correlator 118 may be integrated into receiver 120 or it may be separate from receiver 120, and it may be either placed before receiver 120 or after receiver elements 116 and before feed network 117.
  • the decoded signals may then be added to give the final received signal.
  • the coding waveforms may be supplied by a corresponding waveform generator 111a at the receiver side or they may be stored in memory at receiver 120. Consequently, this system operates as a normal communications system and sees the transmitter as a high power, high gain transmitter.
  • receiver 120 may detect the transmitted coded signals from the N individual elements 114, however, the uncorrelated receiver 120 will not be able to match filter or decode all the coded signals and coherently add them simultaneously because it lacks knowledge of all the codes that were used in generating the transmitted signal. Instead, the uncorrelated receiver 120 observes the coded split signal 102 as being very low power signals and will only be able to detect the incoherent sum of the radiated energy from each individual element 114, which is very low at any practical distance R because of the broad angular beamwidth of the radiation pattern from each element.
  • Uncorrelated receiver 120 detects radiation from the N individual elements 114 as low power because the uncorrelated receiver 120 sees the antenna as a transmitter with the beam pattern of its individual element 114, that is, the pattern of the energy is the far field pattern of an individual array element.
  • a correlated receiver element 116 is provided at distance "R"
  • the power density will be "N 2 " times higher for a correlated receiver or an array transmitter with the same waveforms for each element than for an uncorrelated receiver and a transmitter with orthogonal coded waveforms for each transmitting element. Consequently, RFI or radiation hazard is reduced by a factor of N 2 for a multicode aperture transmitter/receiver while equivalent performance is maintained.
  • FIG. 2(a) a diagram is provided illustrating a multicode aperture transmitter/receiver of an active array for a radar system in accordance with an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2(b) an exploded view of a T/R RF module 201 of Fig. 2(a) is illustrated according to an embodiment.
  • an active array may act as a transmitter for which it may also act as a receiver in the case of a radar system 200.
  • a signal 232 from an exciter 228 is split into low power signals, which are supplied to "N" transmitter/receiver (T/R) RF modules 201 through a feed 212.
  • T/R transmitter/receiver
  • each portion of the split signal 232 is amplitude adjusted in an attenuator 202 and phase shifted in a phase shifter 210 at each RF module 201 site to produce a desired radiation beam to illuminate a target object 222 at a distance "R".
  • transmitter/receiver (T/R) switch 203 is shown in the transmit mode of operation.
  • Each portion of signal 232 may be convolved with a coding waveform f n (t) at a correlator 209 for transmission to a respective antenna element 214.
  • Each of the coding waveforms for the different elements 214 may be orthogonal to each other.
  • the coding waveforms may be supplied by a signal generator 211 or may be stored at the respective RF modules 201. General techniques for generating random codes are well known in the art as set forth in the technical literature.
  • T/R switch 203 is connected thereto so that the split signal 232 is amplified by transmit driver and final amplifiers 204, and routed through a circulator 205 to an individual element 214.
  • radar system 200 return signals are routed back through circulator 205, a receiver protector or T/R limiter 206 and a low noise amplifier 207.
  • the amplified return signal is amplitude adjusted and phase shifted in the same attenuator 202 and phase shifter 210 respectively.
  • the return signal is then routed to feed 212 and then combined after being decoded with the matched filters for each of the coded waveforms at matched filter receiver 216.
  • the decoding may be done in receiver 216 by convolution of the combined received signal with the complex conjugate of the sum of the coding waveforms, [f 1 (t)*+ f 2 (t)*+ ......
  • control electronics 208 or power conditioning block 213 may be provided.
  • Control electronics 208 may serve to interface RF module 201 to the array controllers, providing beam steering and timing information needed by RF module 201.
  • Power-conditioning block 213 may provide the necessary sequential biases and switching commands for the respective RF module 201 components.
  • the amplitude weighting (through attenuator 202) in the transmit and receive modes may be used for synthesizing the low sidelobe pattern of the array both during transmit and receive modes.
  • the receive side low noise amplifier 207 output is turned off and during receive, the transmit amplifier input is turned off by T/R switch 203.
  • the radar system dead time may be utilized for changing the phase and attenuator values and for switching channel select T/R switch 203.
  • Other types of radars may include a Continuous Wave (CW) radar with independent Transmitter-Receivers, or an FM-CW radar that may receive while transmitting and that is not pulsed but may use the same coding technique to manage detected power.
  • CW Continuous Wave
  • FM-CW radar that may receive while transmitting and that is not pulsed but may use the same coding technique to manage detected power.
  • transmitter 252 provides the amplification of an input signal 251 from exciter 250 prior to splitting the signal 251 at feed 254.
  • the portions of split signal 251 are phase shifted through phase shifters 274.
  • the coded waveforms f n (t) are convolved with the individual portions of split signal 251 at correlators 277 prior to transmission through individual transmitting elements 264.
  • Coded waveforms f n (t) may be supplied by a coding generator 272.
  • the target object 222 is illuminated by the portions of signal 251 (or multiple low power signals) transmitted through each individual element 264, seemingly not correlated to each other, and therefore, target object 222 might not detect that it is being illuminated with microwave radiation.
  • the reflected signals may be received through a low noise amplifier 258, and will be decoded by the receiver 256 located at the same antenna, and the resultant decoded signals will be added together to create a strong signal.
  • the receive mode of the radar system 260 radiation from each individual transmit element 264 of the array is correlated and receiver 256 is able to detect and perform coherent addition of all N coded transmissions for all the waveforms in the return signal.
  • each individual element 214 corresponds to an RF module 201, therefore, there may be N individual elements 214 that comprise the radar system illuminating target object 222.
  • the beam illuminates an object of interest and energy is scattered back to the antenna.
  • the receive elements of the antenna combine the energy received by the individual elements to achieve an increased gain that is equivalent to the physical size of the collection of elements forming an antenna array. Consequently, the coherent addition for a phased array achieves a high gain both for transmit and receive as well as addition of transmitted power from individual low power elements, effectively increasing the power density on the target object of interest and the collected power scattered by the target object.
  • phased array coherently integrates the transmit/receive patterns and has the effective transmit/receive gain of a full sized antenna enabling the system to effectively act as a high gain transmit/receive antenna.
  • a target object 222 may be illuminated and waveforms returned as described with respect to Figs. 2(a)-2(c) .
  • a radar system having correlated receivers for each of the receiver individual elements 214 ( Figs. 2(a)-2(b) ) or 264 ( Fig.
  • the transmit power is (N 2 P e ) and the effective array transmit gain is (NG e ).
  • P D in this case is the power detected by a conventional phased array radar, where no coding was used. For this radar system, the power density P D at distance "R" will be the same as described for the communications system in Figure 1 .
  • a multicode aperture radar provides equivalent performance while reducing the power density incident at distance "R" by a factor of N 2 .
  • One or more embodiments utilize the gain that is achievable from a phased array antenna to get a factor of N 2 improvement in a radar or communications system performance for N individual elements of the array for power density at a density that would be equivalent to that from independent individual elements of the array.
  • phased array antenna is configured to look like and have the properties of a full sized antenna, but looks like a collection of small antennas to uncorrelated receivers or target objects.
  • An external receiver or target object sees a very low output of power from the system, making the system less detectable with very low RFI while delivering the necessary power density.
  • phased array antenna may be replaced by an array of ultrasound transmitters or ultrasound transmitter/receivers
  • the phased array antenna may be replaced by an array of optical or infrared transmitters or optical or infrared transmitter/receivers.
  • Fig. 3 a flow diagram illustrating a method for transmitting/receiving signals according to an embodiment is provided.
  • the method of Fig. 3 may be implemented with the communications system shown in Fig. 1 where the active array acts as a transmitter with an external cooperative correlated receiver.
  • the method of Fig. 3 may be implemented with the radar systems shown in Figs. 2(a)-2(c) where the phased array acts as a transmitter and a receiver and illuminates an external target object 222.
  • the method of Fig. 3 may be implemented with the communications system shown in Fig. 1 where the active array acts as a transmitter with an external cooperative correlated receiver.
  • the method of Fig. 3 may be implemented with the radar systems shown in Figs. 2(a)-2(c) where the phased array acts as a transmitter and a receiver and illuminates an external target object 222.
  • phased array antenna may be replaced by an array of ultrasound transmitters or ultrasound transmitter/receivers or an optical or infrared system where the phased array antenna may be replaced by an array of optical or infrared transmitters or optical or infrared transmitter/receivers.
  • a signal is split into low power signals for feeding into separate elements of an array.
  • the signal is split and each individual portion (low power signal) of the split signal may be coded with waveforms orthogonal to each other and then transmitted through the corresponding individual element 114, 214, 264 of a phased array.
  • the portions of the signal transmitted through each individual element of the array are coded with a different code respectively.
  • each individual element of the array separately transmits the corresponding coded portion of the signal.
  • the coding from the different individual elements is different and orthogonal, that is, an object in space sees the energy from each transmitting element as independent.
  • the transmitted coded portions of the signal are received by a correlated receiver. If not, in block 308, an uncorrelated receiver is unable to decode the transmitted coded portions of the signal.
  • the radiation from the individual elements 114, 214, 264 does not combine at an external receiver in the case of a communications system, nor at a target object or at a radar receiver in the case of a radar system, to appear as if the energy is coming from a single large antenna. Consequently, the coherent addition in power and the increase in gain for an antenna size equivalent to the collection of individual elements 114, 214, 264 do not occur at the external receiver or at the target object.
  • the power detected by the uncorrelated receiver individual elements 116 ( Fig.
  • each individual element 116 on an external receiver side collects all the portions of signal 102 and sends them to the receiver 120 where the transmitted signals are decoded and added to form the received signal.
  • each individual element on a correlated receiver side at the array collects and amplifies all the return coded signals and sends them through the feed to the receiver where they are decoded and added to form the detected return signal.
  • the antenna array may be replaced by optical or infrared laser transmitter/receivers such as laser diode transmitter arrays and receive heterodyne detectors or detector arrays.
  • the antenna array may be replaced by ultrasound transmitter arrays/receivers.
  • all the multiple decoded signals from all the array elements are combined or added.
  • the array sees the received signals as if they were a high power, high gain transmitter and a high gain receiver, and operates as a conventional high power array system.
  • the coded transmitter/receiver system may assist in power management for microwave, optical, ultrasonic or other equipment.
  • it is desired to radiate power at levels as low as possible to avoid interference with other equipment and minimize radiation hazards to animate (people or animals, for example, an application would be in avoiding damage to dolphins and whales from Navy sonar testing) or inanimate objects (trigger explosives, damage equipment, etc.).
  • radiation of adequate power is necessary so that the equipment functions properly, that is, in the case of a radar system, adequate signal to noise ratio for a given range is desired.
  • adequate power to get acceptable bit error rate is desired.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Radio Transmission System (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zum Senden und Empfangen von Signalen, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    das Splitten (300) eines Signals in mehr als einen Abschnitt zum Einspeisen des Signals in separate Elemente einer Anordnung eines Radarsystems;
    das Verschlüsseln (301) jedes Abschnitts des Signals zum Senden durch jedes separate Element der Anordnung durch Konvolvieren jedes Abschnitts des Signals mit einer jeweiligen unterschiedlichen Verschlüsselungswellenform (f1, f2, ...);
    das Senden (302) jedes verschlüsselten Abschnitts des Signals durch ein korrespondierendes, separates Element der Anordnung;
    das Empfangen der verschlüsselten Abschnitte des Signals durch korrelierte Empfängerelemente auf einer Empfängerseite;
    gekennzeichnet durch
    das Entschlüsseln (304) der verschlüsselten Abschnitte des Signals durch die korrelierten Empfängerelemente durch Konvolvieren der verschlüsselten Abschnitte des empfangenen Signals mit der Summe der komplex Konjugierten der Verschlüsselungswellenformen (f1*, f2*, ...); und
    wobei die Summe der entschlüsselten Abschnitte des Signals ein vollständiges, empfangenes Signal bildet;
    wobei die Anordnung weiterhin eine aktive Antennenanordnung umfasst,
    wobei das Empfangen der verschlüsselten Abschnitte des Signals durch die Empfängerelemente auf der Empfängerseite des Radarsystems weiterhin das Empfangen der verschlüsselten Abschnitte des Signals, die von einem Zielobjekt reflektiert werden, durch separate Empfängerelemente an der aktiven Antennenanordnung umfasst.
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Splitten des Signals weiterhin das Verwenden eines gemeinsamen Einspeisungssystems umfasst.
  3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Verschlüsseln jedes Abschnitts des Signals zum Senden durch jedes separate Element weiterhin das Verschlüsseln von jeweils jedem Abschnitt des Signals mit Verschlüsselungswellenformen, die zueinander orthogonal sind, umfasst.
  4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die Anordnung weiterhin eine Ultraschall-, eine optische oder eine Infrarot-Sender/Empfänger-Anordnung umfasst.
  5. Eine aktive Antennenanordnung (214) eines Radarsystems (200) zum Empfangen und zum Senden eines Signals, wobei die Anordnung umfasst:
    eine Einspeisung (212), die dazu ausgelegt ist, das Signal zu empfangen und in Signale mit niedriger Leistung zu splitten;
    einen Sender (212), der Mittel umfasst, welche dazu konfiguriert sind, die Signale mit niedriger Leistung zu verschlüsseln (209) durch Konvolvieren der Signale mit niedriger Leistung jeweils mit einer unterschiedlichen Verschlüsselungswellenform (f1, f2, ...);
    Senderelemente (201) auf einer Senderseite zum Senden jedes verschlüsselten Signals mit niedriger Leistung durch ein korrespondierendes Senderelement der Anordnung;
    Empfängerelemente (201) auf einer Empfängerseite zum Empfangen aller Signale mit niedriger Leistung, wobei die Empfängerelemente auf der Empfängerseite in dem Radarsystem Teil der aktiven Antennenanordnung sind;
    gekennzeichnet durch
    einen Empfänger (216), der mit dem Sender korreliert, wobei der Empfänger Mittel (118) umfasst, die dazu konfiguriert sind, die empfangenen Signale mit niedriger Leistung mit der Summe der komplex Konjugierten der Verschlüsselungswellenformen (f1*, f2*, ...) zu entschlüsseln, und wobei die Summe der entschlüsselten Signale mit niedriger Leistung ein vollständiges, empfangenes Signal bildet.
  6. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 5, die weiterhin umfasst:
    Steuerelektronik (208) und einen Stromaufbereitungsblock (213); sowie
    eine Ultraschall-, eine optische oder eine Infrarot-Sender/Empfänger-Anordnung.
  7. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei die Elemente auf der Empfängerseite in dem Radarsystem extern mit einem externen Empfänger angeordnet sind.
  8. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 5, die weiterhin einen Wellenformgenerator (211) zur Bereitstellung der Verschlüsselungswellenformen umfasst, wobei die Verschlüsselungswellenformen orthogonal zueinander sind.
  9. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei die Mittel (118), die zum Entschlüsseln konfiguriert sind, außerhalb des Empfängers angeordnet sind, wobei die Mittel (118), die zum Entschlüsseln konfiguriert sind, dazu ausgelegt sind, die von den Elementen auf der Empfängerseite empfangenen Signale mit niedriger Leistung zu entschlüsseln und dem Empfänger die entschlüsselten Signale mit niedriger Leistung bereitzustellen.
  10. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 5, die weiterhin wenigstens ein Empfangs-/Sende- (T/R) Modul (201) umfasst, wobei die unterschiedlichen Verschlüsselungen in das wenigstens eine Modul integriert sind.
  11. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei der Empfänger weiterhin einen Speicher zur Speicherung der Verschlüsselungswellenformen, um die von den Elementen auf der Empfängerseite empfangenen Signale mit niedriger Leistung zu entschlüsseln, umfasst.
EP09075091.0A 2008-06-05 2009-03-02 Mehrcode-Apertursender/-empfänger Active EP2131508B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/133,959 US8509205B2 (en) 2008-06-05 2008-06-05 Multicode aperture transmitter/receiver

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2131508A2 EP2131508A2 (de) 2009-12-09
EP2131508A3 EP2131508A3 (de) 2010-03-03
EP2131508B1 true EP2131508B1 (de) 2016-08-10

Family

ID=41051158

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09075091.0A Active EP2131508B1 (de) 2008-06-05 2009-03-02 Mehrcode-Apertursender/-empfänger

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US8509205B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2131508B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5595676B2 (de)

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8958408B1 (en) 2008-06-05 2015-02-17 The Boeing Company Coded aperture scanning
US20120268315A1 (en) * 2009-10-21 2012-10-25 Anatol Zymunt Tirkel Wide area detection of insects using reflected microwaves
WO2011050390A1 (en) * 2009-10-29 2011-05-05 Oscar Moreno De Ayala Digital watermarking
US8879995B2 (en) * 2009-12-23 2014-11-04 Viconics Electronics Inc. Wireless power transmission using phased array antennae
PL2556385T3 (pl) * 2010-04-08 2014-11-28 Elbit Systems Ew And Sigint Elisra Ltd System przeciwdziałania elektronicznego
AU2011339962B2 (en) * 2010-12-10 2016-09-01 Sun Patent Trust Signal generation method and signal generation device
US9297896B1 (en) * 2011-05-24 2016-03-29 Garmin International, Inc. Electronically steered weather radar
WO2012171205A1 (zh) * 2011-06-16 2012-12-20 华为技术有限公司 相控阵天线对准方法和装置以及相控阵天线
US9787463B2 (en) * 2011-10-14 2017-10-10 Maxlinear, Inc. Method and system for server-side message handling in a low-power wide area network
US9451469B2 (en) * 2012-07-23 2016-09-20 Intel Corporation Apparatus and method for tunneled GPM
US9891312B2 (en) * 2013-04-29 2018-02-13 Greina Technologies, Inc. Personal radar
US10656257B2 (en) 2013-04-29 2020-05-19 Greina Technologies, Inc. Personal radar
GB201312027D0 (en) * 2013-07-04 2013-08-21 Norwegian Univ Sci & Tech Ntnu RF MIMO transmitter
US9874626B2 (en) * 2014-12-15 2018-01-23 The Boeing Company Multicode transmitter
WO2016126908A1 (en) * 2015-02-04 2016-08-11 Artsys360 Ltd. Multimodal radar system
US10324166B2 (en) * 2015-09-28 2019-06-18 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Affordable combined pulsed/FMCW radar AESA
CN108369272B (zh) * 2015-12-11 2022-02-25 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 用于传输和接收波束成形的孔径编码
US20180011190A1 (en) * 2016-07-05 2018-01-11 Navico Holding As High Ping Rate Sonar
US10567014B2 (en) 2016-10-31 2020-02-18 The Johns Hopkins University High power transmission using multi-tone signals
US10401475B2 (en) * 2016-12-06 2019-09-03 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Multiple modulation element radar waveform generation
US10484095B2 (en) 2017-06-15 2019-11-19 The Aerospace Corporation Communications relay satellite with a single-axis gimbal
GB2569811A (en) * 2017-12-27 2019-07-03 Creo Medical Ltd Electrosurgical apparatus
US11047956B2 (en) * 2018-06-14 2021-06-29 Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc Reconfigurable MIMO radar
CN112485780A (zh) * 2020-11-05 2021-03-12 上海大学 一种具有相控阵天线的雷达测量物料三维物位传感器系统

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1918734A1 (de) * 2006-11-04 2008-05-07 Roke Manor Research Limited Radarsystem mit mehreren Eingängen und mehreren Ausgängen

Family Cites Families (33)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01134284A (ja) * 1987-11-19 1989-05-26 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 近接信管
US4974187A (en) * 1989-08-02 1990-11-27 Aware, Inc. Modular digital signal processing system
JPH0777362B2 (ja) * 1990-08-28 1995-08-16 クラリオン株式会社 スペクトラム拡散通信装置
US5276455A (en) * 1991-05-24 1994-01-04 The Boeing Company Packaging architecture for phased arrays
CA2117936C (en) * 1993-10-15 2000-01-18 Nobuyasu Kanekawa Logic circuit having error detection function, redundant resource management method, and fault tolerant system using it
JPH08195703A (ja) * 1995-01-17 1996-07-30 Toshiba Corp 無線通信装置
US5793798A (en) * 1995-12-18 1998-08-11 Ail Systems, Inc. Virtual beam system
US5961463A (en) * 1998-08-24 1999-10-05 General Electric Company Nonlinear imaging using orthogonal transmit and receive codes
WO2000056058A1 (en) * 1999-03-18 2000-09-21 British Broadcasting Corporation Watermarking
US6351499B1 (en) * 1999-12-15 2002-02-26 Iospan Wireless, Inc. Method and wireless systems using multiple antennas and adaptive control for maximizing a communication parameter
US6375618B1 (en) * 2000-01-31 2002-04-23 General Electric Company Enhanced tissue-generated harmonic imaging using coded excitation
EP1295150A2 (de) * 2000-05-05 2003-03-26 Greenwich Technologies Fernmessung mittels rayleigh-signalisierung
WO2002019552A2 (en) * 2000-09-01 2002-03-07 Broadcom Corporation Satellite receiver
US6665825B1 (en) * 2000-11-06 2003-12-16 Agere Systems Inc. Cellular CDMA transmission system
US6487433B2 (en) * 2001-01-08 2002-11-26 General Electric Company Method and apparatus using golay-coded excitation for echocardiology
GB2371947B (en) * 2001-02-01 2005-02-23 Fujitsu Ltd Communications systems
US7197282B2 (en) * 2001-07-26 2007-03-27 Ericsson Inc. Mobile station loop-back signal processing
US7466743B2 (en) * 2001-09-12 2008-12-16 Infineon Technologies Ag CDMA wireless systems
JP2003152607A (ja) * 2001-11-08 2003-05-23 Ntt Docomo Inc 通信方法、通信システム、送信機及び受信機
MXPA04006551A (es) * 2002-01-04 2005-07-13 Nokia Corp Transmision y recepcion de diversidad de transmision de indice alto.
US20030135374A1 (en) * 2002-01-16 2003-07-17 Hardwick John C. Speech synthesizer
KR20040095323A (ko) * 2002-03-28 2004-11-12 코닌클리케 필립스 일렉트로닉스 엔.브이. 멀티미디어 신호들의 시간 도메인 워터마킹
US20040087294A1 (en) * 2002-11-04 2004-05-06 Tia Mobile, Inc. Phases array communication system utilizing variable frequency oscillator and delay line network for phase shift compensation
US7421276B2 (en) * 2003-04-09 2008-09-02 Nortel Networks Limited Method, apparatus and system of configuring a wireless device based on location
US7079869B2 (en) * 2003-02-12 2006-07-18 Lucent Technologies Inc. Communication system transmitter or receiver module having integrated radio frequency circuitry directly coupled to antenna element
US6954173B2 (en) * 2003-07-02 2005-10-11 Raytheon Company Techniques for measurement of deformation of electronically scanned antenna array structures
US20080225375A1 (en) * 2004-09-07 2008-09-18 Raytheon Company Optically frequency generated scanned active array
FR2880748B1 (fr) * 2005-01-12 2007-02-16 Commissariat Energie Atomique Systeme de communication multi antennes
US8279985B2 (en) * 2005-02-22 2012-10-02 Adaptix, Inc. Intelligent demodulation systems and methods in an OFDMA multicell network
US20060210279A1 (en) * 2005-02-28 2006-09-21 Hillis W D Optical Antenna Assembly
US7277046B2 (en) * 2005-07-08 2007-10-02 Raytheon Company Single transmit multi-receiver modulation radar, multi-modulation receiver and method
US8072943B2 (en) * 2005-12-09 2011-12-06 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Wireless communication system and methodology for communicating via multiple information streams
CN101366198A (zh) * 2006-01-25 2009-02-11 艾利森电话股份有限公司 用于减少多扇区全向基站中的合成器损耗的方法和装置

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1918734A1 (de) * 2006-11-04 2008-05-07 Roke Manor Research Limited Radarsystem mit mehreren Eingängen und mehreren Ausgängen

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DANIEL J RABIDEAU: "Adaptive MIMO radar waveforms", RADAR CONFERENCE, 2008. RADAR '08. IEEE, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, 26 May 2008 (2008-05-26), pages 1 - 6, XP031376313, ISBN: 978-1-4244-1538-0 *
DANIEL J RABIDEAU: "Nonadaptive MIMO radar techniques for reducing clutter", RADAR CONFERENCE, 2008. RADAR '08. IEEE, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, 26 May 2008 (2008-05-26), pages 1 - 6, XP031376277, ISBN: 978-1-4244-1538-0 *
JAMESON BERGIN ET AL: "MIMO Phased-Array for SMTI Radar", AEROSPACE CONFERENCE, 2008 IEEE, IEEE, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA, 1 March 2008 (2008-03-01), pages 1 - 7, XP031256286, ISBN: 978-1-4244-1487-1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5595676B2 (ja) 2014-09-24
US20090303126A1 (en) 2009-12-10
EP2131508A2 (de) 2009-12-09
EP2131508A3 (de) 2010-03-03
JP2009296580A (ja) 2009-12-17
US8509205B2 (en) 2013-08-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2131508B1 (de) Mehrcode-Apertursender/-empfänger
EP2669700B1 (de) Elektronisches Zählermesssystem
US7737879B2 (en) Split aperture array for increased short range target coverage
US8958408B1 (en) Coded aperture scanning
US20200249344A1 (en) Radar sensor apparatus for vehicle, object detecting method, and antenna apparatus therefor
US7423578B1 (en) Split aperture array for increased short range target coverage
US8405541B2 (en) Multi-range radar system
US20090092158A1 (en) Multi-aperture Three-Dimensional Beamforming
US20080143587A1 (en) Multiple input multiple output RADAR system
US9885777B2 (en) Detection of stealth vehicles using VHF radar
EP2541679A1 (de) Breitbandstrahlformungsvorrichtung, Breitbandstrahllenkvorrichtung und zugehörige Verfahren
Butt et al. Hybrid phased-MIMO radar: A novel approach with optimal performance under electronic countermeasures
CN106374235A (zh) 一种基于子阵化四维天线阵的mimo雷达装置
EP3306745B1 (de) Sensorvorrichtung
US9915728B2 (en) Sub-diffraction limit resolution radar arrays
CN106324602A (zh) 一种mimo声呐系统
US20020021240A1 (en) Remote sensing using rayleigh signaling
US9874626B2 (en) Multicode transmitter
Anajemba et al. Efficient switched digital beamforming radar system based on SIMO/MIMO receiver
Mahmoud et al. Bi-directional phased-MIMO antenna array
Graham et al. Radar architecture using MIMO transmit subarrays
Yu et al. Transmit Sub-Apertures for Beam Broadening and Frequency Diversity
Ismail et al. Design and Analysis of Planar Phased MIMO Antenna for Radar Applications.
IL204908A (en) Electronic Response System

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA RS

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA RS

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20100727

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20100820

AKX Designation fees paid

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: G01S 13/02 20060101ALI20160411BHEP

Ipc: H04B 7/06 20060101AFI20160411BHEP

Ipc: G01S 13/28 20060101ALI20160411BHEP

Ipc: H04B 7/08 20060101ALN20160411BHEP

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: H04B 7/08 20060101ALN20160420BHEP

Ipc: H04B 7/06 20060101AFI20160420BHEP

Ipc: G01S 13/02 20060101ALI20160420BHEP

Ipc: G01S 13/28 20060101ALI20160420BHEP

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20160504

GRAR Information related to intention to grant a patent recorded

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR71

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20160706

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: G01S 13/02 20060101ALI20160701BHEP

Ipc: H04B 7/06 20060101AFI20160701BHEP

Ipc: G01S 13/28 20060101ALI20160701BHEP

Ipc: H04B 7/08 20060101ALN20160701BHEP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 819872

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20160815

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602009040177

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20160810

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MK05

Ref document number: 819872

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20160810

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161110

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161210

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161212

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161111

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 9

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 602009040177

Country of ref document: DE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20161110

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20170511

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170302

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170302

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170331

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170331

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20170302

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO

Effective date: 20090302

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160810

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20160810

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230516

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20240327

Year of fee payment: 16

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20240327

Year of fee payment: 16

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20240325

Year of fee payment: 16