EP2130944B1 - Method for treating the surface of a high-strength steel mechanical part, and sealing system obtained by implementing said method - Google Patents
Method for treating the surface of a high-strength steel mechanical part, and sealing system obtained by implementing said method Download PDFInfo
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- EP2130944B1 EP2130944B1 EP09290361A EP09290361A EP2130944B1 EP 2130944 B1 EP2130944 B1 EP 2130944B1 EP 09290361 A EP09290361 A EP 09290361A EP 09290361 A EP09290361 A EP 09290361A EP 2130944 B1 EP2130944 B1 EP 2130944B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
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- the present invention relates to a method of surface treatment of high strength steel mechanical parts, aiming at imparting to said parts friction and lubrication properties necessary for their use, as well as a sealing system obtained by the implementation said method.
- Electrolytic chromium plating provides a hard chromium coating, which is still very widely used in various fields such as the aeronautical field, because of its excellent properties in friction, wear resistance, and as a protection against corrosion.
- the electrolytic plating is generally completed by a grinding guaranteeing a homogeneous coating thickness and a surface condition corresponding to a surface roughness (Ra) of less than 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the object of the invention is to design a surface treatment method capable of replacing electrolytic chromium plating, and making it possible to obtain both a high friction resistance level and also a very good wettability in the face of hydraulic fluids, while maintaining a level of surface roughness (Ra) that is less than or equal to 0.2 ⁇ m.
- the invention also aims to design a treatment process to avoid the aforementioned drawbacks of electrolytic processes, while being easy to adapt to the types of mechanical parts involved.
- the invention also aims to design a hydraulic sealing system including a sliding part surface-treated by the aforementioned method.
- the aforementioned treatment method which implements a step of protecting tungsten disulfide powder, is radically different from the previous methods also using a projection of tungsten disulfide powder and specially developed for the coating. cutting tools harder than the piece to cut. As such, it may be referred to the documents WO-2004/031433 and WO-2004/092429 . It will be noted in particular that these documents use a treatment method that does not provide for any prior degreasing step, and the tungsten disulfide powder sputtering step uses a powder consisting of spherical particles, which are embedded in hollow counterparts previously performed by sandblasting operation implemented with particles of the same size as the powder particles.
- a tungsten disulfide powder is used in the form of platelets which, when they are projected at high speed against the surface (which is prepared accordingly while being free of spherical bowls) of the piece to be treated, break into microparticles of powder, in order to create on the surface a dense and self-lubricating deposit.
- the projection of very thin platelets realizes a real explosion of microparticle plates densifying the coating made, so that such a process has nothing to do with the previous processes of incrustation of spherical powder particles which are received in hollows previously made for this purpose.
- the tribofinishing step c) comprises a first step c1) deburring by continuously stirring the parts to be treated with a first oxidizing aqueous solution containing abrasive agents until the desired surface roughness (Ra) is obtained. followed by a second polishing step c2) by continuously stirring said parts with a second non-oxidizing aqueous solution containing abrasive agents.
- the tribofinishing step c) comprises a third step c3) of surface cleaning, followed by control of the surface roughness (Ra).
- the first predetermined roughness threshold is substantially equal to 0.2 ⁇ m, and that the second threshold predetermined roughness is substantially equal to 0.1 microns.
- the powder sprayed during step d) is almost exclusively composed of pure WS 2 , and is in the form of platelets of substantially hexagonal shape, the main dimension of which is between 0.8 ⁇ m and 1.5 ⁇ m. ⁇ m, and whose thickness is of the order of 0.1 microns.
- the method comprises, after step c) of tribofinishing, a complementary step c ') micro-sandblasting, organized to activate the surface of the piece in order to increase the adherence of the coating deposited subsequently in the step d) powder projection of WS 2 .
- step c ') micro-sandblasting is followed by a step c ") of surface cleaning, then control of the surface roughness (Ra).
- the micro-sanding step c ') is organized in such a way that the surface roughness (Ra), which is increased because of the micro-sanding, remains below the first predetermined roughness threshold.
- the micro-sanding step c ') is carried out with particles which are not oxides and whose size is between 5 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m.
- the method comprises, after step d) of spraying WS 2 powder, a step d) of) surface cleaning, then control of both the surface roughness (Ra), the wettability , and the coefficient of friction.
- the invention also relates to a hydraulic sealing system, comprising a sliding rod in a sealing assembly, wherein the sealing assembly is constituted by a guide bearing formed of a first material, and by a seal. sealant formed by a second material of lower hardness than that of the first material, and wherein the sliding rod has an outer surface which has been treated using a method having at least one of the aforementioned characteristics, so that said rod has properties required in lubrication vis-à-vis the guide bearing and friction vis-à-vis the seal.
- the first constituent material of the guide bearing is a thermoplastic polymer
- the second material constituting the seal is a rubber
- the mechanical part concerned, noted P will for example be a stainless steel friction rod of the type used to equip brake pistons of vehicles.
- the invention is in no way limited to a particular type of mechanical part.
- the starting metal part is a mechanical part made of steel, preferably a stainless steel, which is of high strength, that is to say whose hardness is at least 30 HRC.
- This part will generally have already undergone a heat treatment adapted to achieve a hardness typically of the order of 34 to 39 HRC, or will have been treated by a low-temperature cementation type thermochemical treatment or nitriding at low temperature allowing it to maintain its stainless properties.
- step a) the piece P is subjected to a primary finishing step which is organized to lower its surface roughness Ra to a value less than or equal to a first predetermined threshold S1, which is, for example, 0.2 ⁇ m .
- the piece P is thus complete machining and treatment (thermochemical type or passivation), and is in its form and final dimensions.
- This primary finishing treatment of conventional type, can comprise stages of turning, grinding, etc ..., which must therefore make it possible to achieve a roughness Ra, for example less than 0.2 ⁇ m, once the part is finished and ready for use. next treatment.
- the parameter Ra used here to characterize the surface roughness is a parameter representative of the geometrical irregularities of a surface, which corresponds to the average arithmetic deviation with respect to the average roughness line.
- the piece P is subjected to a surface cleaning by means of a degreasing solution.
- a degreasing solution used will preferably be of the alkaline type at a temperature of between 35 ° C and 60 ° C.
- the duration of the degreasing step will typically be, for example, 5 minutes.
- the level of soiling is very important, and in order to reduce the degreasing treatment time, it will be possible to perform a pre-degreasing of the metal parts.
- the piece P thus cleaned is subjected to a tribofinition step organized to first lower its surface roughness Ra to a value less than or equal to a second predetermined threshold S2 which is lower than the first predetermined threshold S1, and secondly increase its wettability to hydraulic fluids.
- the hydraulic fluids concerned are in particular fluids based on hydrocarbons or ester-phosphates, or oily fluids.
- Such a tribofinishing operation is essential to prepare and optimize the surface state of the metal part before the tungsten disulfide powder spraying treatment.
- the tribofinishing step c) advantageously comprises a first deburring step c1), a second polishing step c2), and a third surface cleaning step c3), followed by a surface roughness check.
- the debinding step c1) consists in a continuous stirring, generally in a vibratory bowl, of the pieces P to be treated with a first oxidizing aqueous solution containing abrasive agents until the desired surface roughness Ra is obtained.
- a first oxidizing aqueous solution containing abrasive agents until the desired surface roughness Ra is obtained.
- an oxide film is created on the surface of the parts, with a hardness lower than that of the base metal.
- This film is removed gradually by the mechanical action of the abrasive agents which are of hardness greater than that of the film, but lower than that of the base metal, which abrasive agents come to clash on the surface of the pieces, and thus reduce the roughness of said surface.
- this first step c1) deburring will be carried out for a period of at least 60 minutes.
- the second polishing step c2) preferably consists in a continuous stirring of the pieces with a second non-oxidizing aqueous solution containing abrasive agents.
- This second polishing step makes it possible to completely remove the oxide film created during the first step c1) by the mechanical action of the abrasive agents.
- the treatment time for this second polishing step c2) will be at least 120 minutes.
- the surface roughness Ra is lowered to a value less than or equal to a second predetermined threshold S2, which is less than the first predetermined threshold S1, and which will be, for example order of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- a surface cleaning step c3) will be provided, followed by control of the surface roughness Ra, which control is very reliable thanks to the cleaning carried out beforehand.
- the cleaning concerned in this case aims to guarantee the representativeness of the result of the surface roughness control measure.
- the surface of the part then has less dirt than at the end of the finishing step a) primary, so that one can use a solvent slightly aggressive acetone type.
- step c) of tribofinishing it is possible either to directly submit the piece P to the essential next step denoted d), which is a step of projection, at high speed and at ambient temperature, of disulfide powder.
- step d tungsten in the form of platelets, or alternatively, first implement, prior to step d), a micro-sanding complementary step, optionally followed by a surface cleaning and a control of roughness on the surface.
- step c ' which is a micro-sandblasting step, organized to activate the surface of the piece P in order to increase the adhesion of the subsequently deposited coating during the period of time.
- step d WS 2 powder projection step d
- this complementary step c ') being followed by a surface cleaning step c ") and then controlling the surface roughness Ra.
- figure 1 schematically shown nozzles 10 symbolizing the micro-sanding, with a projection of particles on the part P, these particles, which are not oxides, generally having a size between 5 microns and 15 microns, and preferably of the order of 10 microns.
- the projection of particles during step c ') is carried out at high speed, obtained by a pressure of the order of 5 to 10 bars, and with an inclination of the spray jets substantially between 95 ° and 135 °.
- micro-sandblasting step c ' will be organized in such a way that the surface roughness Ra is still lower than the first predetermined threshold of roughness S1, for example 0.2 ⁇ m.
- step c the surface roughness Ra is symbolized by a simple arrow directed on the part P.
- step c3 a surface cleaning, for example by means of a slightly aggressive solvent acetone type, is performed before the control of the surface roughness, which guarantees a better representativeness of the result of the control measure.
- micro-sandblasting step The choice of whether or not to use the micro-sandblasting step will depend on the friction properties that are desired on the metal parts, in addition to the aforementioned wettability properties. As such, in the case of micro-sanding, it will be necessary to implement fairly quickly step d) powder projection of WS 2 , for example within a period not exceeding 120 minutes.
- step c) of tribofinishing and possibly steps c ') micro-sanding and c ") cleaning and control, the piece P is now optimally prepared to undergo the projection treatment of tungsten disulphide powder
- the roughness related to the finishing operations was indeed greatly reduced by the operation of tribofinishing, and the eventual micro-sanding also activated the surface to increase the adhesion of the coating which is going to be form.
- step d) the piece P is subjected to a projection, at high speed and at ambient temperature, of tungsten disulfide powder (WS 2 ).
- the WS 2 powder used in the context of The method of the invention is in the form of platelets p, as illustrated in FIGS. Figures 2 and 3 , which provides a technical effect radically different from that which was obtained with the prior art also implementing a projection of WS 2 powder, and of projecting spherical particles of powder which are embedded in a cutting piece previously prepared for have associated receiving valleys.
- the teaching of providing receiving cavities for the spherical particles implies de facto a limitation for the reduction of surface roughness that can be obtained, since a too low value of the roughness would eliminate the reception hollows, and prevent the encrustation of spherical particles of WS 2 powder. In this case, it is quite different because of the use of a powder consisting of platelets, that is to say, very thin platelets which disintegrate in microparticles in contact with the surface of the piece to be treated .
- platelets p of substantially hexagonal shape as illustrated in FIG. figure 3 , whose main dimension denoted D is between 0.8 .mu.m and 1.5 .mu.m, is whose thickness noted E is of the order of 0.1 .mu.m.
- D main dimension
- E thickness
- platelets p when projected by associated nozzles, noted 20 on the figure 1 , break in microparticles in contact with the surface, creating on the surface of said part a dense and self-lubricating deposit.
- the method comprises, after step d) of spraying WS 2 powder, a step d) of) surface cleaning, and then control.
- the surface cleaning can be performed using a mild solvent type acetone, which ensures a better representation of the results of the control measures.
- Such a final step is very interesting before the use of the treated parts, and it allows in particular to perform a triple control, illustrated here by three arrows in the figure, relating both the surface roughness, the wettability to hydraulic fluids, in particular hydrocarbon-based fluids or ester-phosphates, or oily fluids, and the coefficient of friction ( static and / or dynamic).
- the wettability obtained is also extremely discriminating, insofar as it is very good for hydraulic fluids, in particular fluids based on hydrocarbons or ester-phosphates, or oily fluids, while being very bad with regard to aqueous fluids.
- the figure 4 allows to appreciate the improved performance in terms of wettability for the WS 2 coating produced in accordance with the invention.
- curves C1, C2 and C3 represented on the diagram of the figure 4 correspond to the variations of the liquid / solid contact angle (in degrees) as a function of time (in seconds).
- Curve C1 corresponds to a traditional type of treatment process, while curves C2 and C3 correspond to a treatment according to the invention, respectively without and with final cleaning.
- FIG. 5 there is thus distinguished a hydraulic sealing system rated 100 having a high-strength stainless steel X axis rod 101 which slides in a sealing assembly 102.
- the sealing assembly 102 is received in a housing 106 formed in a support member 105, being disposed between two shoulders 107, 108.
- the sealing assembly 102 is constituted by a guide bearing 103 formed of a first material and by a seal 104 formed of a second material of lower hardness than that of the first material.
- the first constituent material of the guide bearing 103 is a thermoplastic polymer
- the second material constituting the seal 104 is a rubber.
- the outer surface 110 of the rod 101 has been treated by implementing a method as described above, so that said rod has properties required both in lubrication vis-à-vis the guide bearing 103, it is to say at the level the interface between the outer surface 110 of the rod 101 and the inner surface 103.1 of the guide bearing 103, and in friction with respect to the seal 104, that is to say at the level of the interface between the outer surface 110 of the rod 101 and the inner surface 104.1 of the seal 104, to avoid abrasion.
- the dual function of the WS 2 coating on the sliding rod 101 allows optimum cooperation with each of the two components 103, 104 constituting the sealing assembly 102.
- Such a hydraulic sealing system is particularly advantageous for fitting brake pistons of vehicles.
- a friction rod intended to be arranged in a piston of a hydraulic crown of an aircraft brake.
- the role of such a friction rod is to guide the piston during the application of the braking force on the brake disc or discs, the rod being equipped with a sealing assembly consisting of a bearing of polytetrafluoroethylene guidance and an ethylene propylene elastomer seal.
- a sealing assembly consisting of a bearing of polytetrafluoroethylene guidance and an ethylene propylene elastomer seal.
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un procédé de traitement de surface de pièces mécaniques en acier à haute résistance, visant à conférer auxdites pièces des propriétés en frottement et en lubrification nécessaires à leur utilisation, ainsi qu'un système d'étanchéité obtenu par la mise en oeuvre dudit procédé.The present invention relates to a method of surface treatment of high strength steel mechanical parts, aiming at imparting to said parts friction and lubrication properties necessary for their use, as well as a sealing system obtained by the implementation said method.
Il est connu de prévoir un traitement de surface pour procurer à des pièces métalliques des propriétés en frottement et en lubrification qui sont nécessaires à leur utilisation, le traitement étant habituellement un chromage électrolytique. Le chromage électrolytique permet d'obtenir un revêtement de chrome dur, qui est encore très largement utilisé dans différents domaines comme le domaine aéronautique, du fait de ses excellentes propriétés en frottement, en résistance à l'usure, et en tant que protection contre la corrosion. Le chromage électrolytique est en général complété par une rectification garantissant une épaisseur de revêtement homogène et un état de surface correspondant à une rugosité en surface (Ra) qui est inférieure à 0,2 µm. Ce succès s'explique par le fait que les caractéristiques obtenues après ces étapes de traitement sont d'une part une excellente résistance en frottement du fait d'une bonne résistance à l'usure couplée à un état de surface parfait, et d'autre part une excellente lubrification en présence de fluides grâce au micro-faïencage, inhérent au chrome dur, jouant le rôle de zone de rétention.It is known to provide a surface treatment to provide metal parts with friction and lubrication properties which are necessary for their use, the treatment usually being an electrolytic chromium plating. Electrolytic chromium plating provides a hard chromium coating, which is still very widely used in various fields such as the aeronautical field, because of its excellent properties in friction, wear resistance, and as a protection against corrosion. The electrolytic plating is generally completed by a grinding guaranteeing a homogeneous coating thickness and a surface condition corresponding to a surface roughness (Ra) of less than 0.2 μm. This success is explained by the fact that the characteristics obtained after these processing steps are on the one hand excellent frictional resistance due to good wear resistance coupled with a perfect surface condition, and other Excellent lubrication in the presence of fluids thanks to micro-tiling, inherent to hard chrome, acting as a retention zone.
Cependant, le chromage dur est réalisé dans une cellule électrolytique en présence d'acide chromique à base de chrome hexavalent (Cr6+) qui est nuisible pour l'environnement et pour l'homme. Il s'agit en effet d'un produit qui est classifié CMR (Cancérigène, Mutagène, et nuisible pour la Reproduction). De plus, comme de nombreux procédés électrolytiques, ce produit est fragilisant pour les aciers du fait de la diffusion de l'hydrogène, et nécessite des précautions opératoires afin d'éviter les brûlures de l'acier de base après rectification, brûlures qui induiraient une altération irréversible de la pièce métallique traitée.However, hard chromium plating is carried out in an electrolytic cell in the presence of chromic acid based on hexavalent chromium (Cr 6+ ) which is harmful for the environment and for man. This is indeed a product that is classified as CMR (Carcinogenic, Mutagenic, and Harmful to Reproduction). In addition, like many electrolytic processes, this product is weakening for steels because of the diffusion of hydrogen, and requires operational precautions to avoid burns of the base steel after rectification, burns that would induce irreversible alteration of the treated metal part.
L'invention a pour objet de concevoir un procédé de traitement de surface capable de remplacer le chromage électrolytique, et permettant d'obtenir à la fois un niveau de résistance en frottement élevé et aussi une très bonne mouillabilité face aux fluides hydrauliques, tout en conservant un niveau de rugosité en surface (Ra) qui est inférieur ou égal à 0,2 µm.The object of the invention is to design a surface treatment method capable of replacing electrolytic chromium plating, and making it possible to obtain both a high friction resistance level and also a very good wettability in the face of hydraulic fluids, while maintaining a level of surface roughness (Ra) that is less than or equal to 0.2 μm.
L'invention a aussi pour objet de concevoir un procédé de traitement permettant d'éviter les inconvénients précités des procédés électrolytiques, tout en étant facile à adapter aux types de pièces mécaniques concernés.The invention also aims to design a treatment process to avoid the aforementioned drawbacks of electrolytic processes, while being easy to adapt to the types of mechanical parts involved.
L'invention a également pour objet de concevoir un système d'étanchéité hydraulique incluant une pièce coulissante traitée en surface par le procédé précité.The invention also aims to design a hydraulic sealing system including a sliding part surface-treated by the aforementioned method.
Le problème technique précité est résolu conformément à l'invention grâce à un procédé de traitement de surface d'une pièce mécanique en acier à haute résistance, visant à conférer à ladite pièce des propriétés en frottement et en lubrification nécessaires à son utilisation, lequel procédé comporte les étapes successives suivantes :
- a) on soumet la pièce à une étape de finition primaire organisée pour abaisser sa rugosité en surface (Ra) à une valeur inférieure ou égale à un premier seuil prédéterminé;
- b) on soumet ensuite la pièce à un nettoyage de surface au moyen d'une solution de dégraissage ;
- c) on soumet la pièce ainsi nettoyée à une étape de tribofinition organisée pour d'une part abaisser encore sa rugosité en surface (Ra) à une valeur inférieure ou égale à un deuxième seuil prédéterminé qui est inférieur au premier seuil prédéterminé, et d'autre part augmenter sa mouillabilité aux fluides hydrauliques ; et
- d) on soumet la pièce à une projection, à haute vitesse et à température ambiante, de poudre de bisulfure de tungstène (WS2) se présentant sous la forme de platelets qui se brisent ainsi en créant en surface de ladite pièce un dépôt dense et autolubrifiant.
- a) subjecting the workpiece to an organized primary finishing step to lower its surface roughness (Ra) to a value less than or equal to a first predetermined threshold;
- b) the part is then subjected to surface cleaning by means of a degreasing solution;
- c) the part thus cleaned is subjected to a tribofinition step organized to firstly lower its surface roughness (Ra) to a value less than or equal to a second predetermined threshold which is lower than the first predetermined threshold, and on the other hand to increase its wettability to hydraulic fluids; and
- d) the part is subjected to a projection, at high speed and at ambient temperature, of tungsten disulfide powder (WS 2 ) in the form of platelets which thus break by creating on the surface of said part a dense deposit and self-lubricating.
Il convient de noter que le procédé de traitement précité, qui met en oeuvre une étape de protection de poudre de bisulfure de tungstène, se démarque radicalement des procédés antérieurs mettant également en oeuvre une projection de poudre de bisulfure de tungstène et spécialement développés pour le revêtement d'outils coupants plus durs que la pièce à couper. On pourra à ce titre se référer aux documents
Au contraire, dans le cadre de l'invention, on utilise une poudre de bisulfure de tungstène se présentant sous la forme de platelets qui, lorsqu'ils sont projetés à haute vitesse contre la surface (qui est préparée en conséquence tout en étant exempte de cuvettes sphériques) de la pièce à traiter, se brisent en microparticules de poudre, afin de créer en surface un dépôt dense et autolubrifiant. Ainsi, la projection de platelets de très faible épaisseur réalise une véritable explosion des platelets en microparticules densifiant le revêtement réalisé, de sorte qu'un tel processus n'a rien à voir avec les processus antérieurs d'incrustation de particules de poudre de forme sphérique qui sont reçues dans des creux préalablement réalisés à cet effet.On the contrary, in the context of the invention, a tungsten disulfide powder is used in the form of platelets which, when they are projected at high speed against the surface (which is prepared accordingly while being free of spherical bowls) of the piece to be treated, break into microparticles of powder, in order to create on the surface a dense and self-lubricating deposit. Thus, the projection of very thin platelets realizes a real explosion of microparticle plates densifying the coating made, so that such a process has nothing to do with the previous processes of incrustation of spherical powder particles which are received in hollows previously made for this purpose.
Avantageusement, l'étape c) de tribofinition comporte une première étape c1) d'ébavurage par mise en agitation continue des pièces à traiter avec une première solution aqueuse oxydante contenant des agents abrasifs jusqu'à obtention de la rugosité en surface (Ra) souhaitée, suivie d'une deuxième étape c2) de polissage par mise en agitation continue desdites pièces avec une deuxième solution aqueuse non oxydante contenant des agents abrasifs. En particulier, l'étape c) de tribofinition comporte une troisième étape c3) de nettoyage de surface, puis de contrôle de la rugosité en surface (Ra).Advantageously, the tribofinishing step c) comprises a first step c1) deburring by continuously stirring the parts to be treated with a first oxidizing aqueous solution containing abrasive agents until the desired surface roughness (Ra) is obtained. followed by a second polishing step c2) by continuously stirring said parts with a second non-oxidizing aqueous solution containing abrasive agents. In particular, the tribofinishing step c) comprises a third step c3) of surface cleaning, followed by control of the surface roughness (Ra).
Dans un mode d'exécution avantageux, il sera prévu que le premier seuil prédéterminé de rugosité est sensiblement égal à 0,2 µm, et que le deuxième seuil prédéterminé de rugosité est sensiblement égal à 0,1 µm.In an advantageous embodiment, it will be provided that the first predetermined roughness threshold is substantially equal to 0.2 μm, and that the second threshold predetermined roughness is substantially equal to 0.1 microns.
Avantageusement encore, la poudre projetée lors de l'étape d) est presque exclusivement constituée de WS2 pur, et se présentant sous la forme de platelets de forme sensiblement hexagonale, dont la dimension principale est comprise entre 0,8 µm et 1,5 µm, et dont l'épaisseur est de l'ordre de 0,1 µm.Advantageously, the powder sprayed during step d) is almost exclusively composed of pure WS 2 , and is in the form of platelets of substantially hexagonal shape, the main dimension of which is between 0.8 μm and 1.5 μm. μm, and whose thickness is of the order of 0.1 microns.
Il pourra s'avérer en outre intéressant de prévoir que le procédé comporte, après l'étape c) de tribofinition, une étape complémentaire c') de micro-sablage, organisée pour activer la surface de la pièce en vue d'augmenter l'adhérence du revêtement déposé ensuite lors de l'étape d) de projection de poudre de WS2.It may be furthermore advantageous to provide that the method comprises, after step c) of tribofinishing, a complementary step c ') micro-sandblasting, organized to activate the surface of the piece in order to increase the adherence of the coating deposited subsequently in the step d) powder projection of WS 2 .
Avantageusement alors, l'étape c') de micro-sablage est suivie d'une étape c") de nettoyage de surface, puis de contrôle de la rugosité en surface (Ra).Advantageously then, step c ') micro-sandblasting is followed by a step c ") of surface cleaning, then control of the surface roughness (Ra).
De préférence encore, l'étape c') de micro-sablage est organisée de telle façon que la rugosité en surface (Ra), qui est accrue du fait du micro-sablage, reste inférieure au premier seuil prédéterminé de rugosité.More preferably, the micro-sanding step c ') is organized in such a way that the surface roughness (Ra), which is increased because of the micro-sanding, remains below the first predetermined roughness threshold.
Avantageusement alors, l'étape c') de micro-sablage est mise en oeuvre avec des particules qui ne sont pas des oxydes, et dont la taille est comprise entre 5 µm et 15 µm.Advantageously, the micro-sanding step c ') is carried out with particles which are not oxides and whose size is between 5 μm and 15 μm.
De préférence enfin, le procédé comporte, après l'étape d) de projection de poudre de WS2, une étape d') de nettoyage de surface, puis de contrôle à la fois de la rugosité en surface (Ra), de la mouillabilité, et du coefficient de frottement.Preferably, finally, the method comprises, after step d) of spraying WS 2 powder, a step d) of) surface cleaning, then control of both the surface roughness (Ra), the wettability , and the coefficient of friction.
L'invention concerne également un système d'étanchéité hydraulique, comportant une tige coulissant dans un ensemble d'étanchéité, système dans lequel l'ensemble d'étanchéité est constitué par un palier de guidage formé d'un premier matériau, et par un joint d'étanchéité formé par un deuxième matériau de dureté inférieure à celle du premier matériau, et dans lequel la tige coulissante a une surface extérieure qui a été traitée en mettant en oeuvre un procédé présentant l'une au moins des caractéristiques précitées, de sorte que ladite tige présente des propriétés requises en lubrification vis-à-vis du palier de guidage et en frottement vis-à-vis du joint d'étanchéité.The invention also relates to a hydraulic sealing system, comprising a sliding rod in a sealing assembly, wherein the sealing assembly is constituted by a guide bearing formed of a first material, and by a seal. sealant formed by a second material of lower hardness than that of the first material, and wherein the sliding rod has an outer surface which has been treated using a method having at least one of the aforementioned characteristics, so that said rod has properties required in lubrication vis-à-vis the guide bearing and friction vis-à-vis the seal.
En particulier, le premier matériau constitutif du palier de guidage est un polymère thermoplastique, et le deuxième matériau constitutif du joint d'étanchéité est un caoutchouc.In particular, the first constituent material of the guide bearing is a thermoplastic polymer, and the second material constituting the seal is a rubber.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lumière de la description qui va suivre et des dessins annexés, concernant un mode de réalisation particulier.Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly in the light of the following description and the accompanying drawings, relating to a particular embodiment.
Il sera fait référence aux figures des dessins annexés, où :
- la
figure 1 illustre schématiquement les différentes étapes d'un procédé de traitement conforme à l'invention, avec ici des étapes intermédiaires optionnelles de micro-sablage et une étape finale optionnelle de nettoyage ; - la
figure 2 est un cliché réalisé par microscopie électronique illustrant un petit volume de la poudre de bisulfure de tungstène qui est utilisée pour la projection, à haute vitesse et à température ambiante, prévue dans le procédé de l'invention, laquelle poudre est constituée de platelets ;
- la
figure 3 illustre schématiquement un platelet individuel de forme hexagonale constituant la poudre de bisulfure de tungstène concernée ; - la
figure 4 illustre l'amélioration des performances en matière de mouillabilité grâce à un diagramme comparatif donnant diverses courbes de variations de l'angle de contact liquide/solide en fonction du temps ; et - la
figure 5 est une vue en coupe axiale illustrant un système d'étanchéité hydraulique conforme à l'invention, obtenu en mettant en oeuvre le procédé de traitement précité.
- the
figure 1 schematically illustrates the different steps of a treatment process according to the invention, with here optional intermediate micro-sandblasting steps and an optional final cleaning step; - the
figure 2 is an electron microscope picture illustrating a small volume of tungsten disulfide powder that is used for high-speed, high-temperature projection ambient, provided in the process of the invention, which powder consists of platelets;
- the
figure 3 schematically illustrates an individual plate of hexagonal form constituting the tungsten disulfide powder concerned; - the
figure 4 illustrates the improvement in wettability performance by means of a comparative diagram giving various curves of variations of the liquid / solid contact angle as a function of time; and - the
figure 5 is an axial sectional view illustrating a hydraulic sealing system according to the invention, obtained by implementing the aforementioned treatment method.
On va maintenant décrire plus en détail les étapes successives du procédé de traitement de surface d'une pièce mécanique en acier à haute résistance conforme à l'invention, ledit procédé visant à conférer à ladite pièce des propriétés en frottement et en lubrification nécessaires à son utilisation.The successive steps of the surface treatment method of a high-strength steel mechanical part according to the invention will now be described in greater detail, said method aiming at imparting to said part friction and lubrication properties necessary for its operation. use.
La pièce mécanique concernée, notée P, sera par exemple une tige de friction en acier inoxydable du type de celles qui sont utilisées pour équiper des pistons de freins de véhicules. Bien entendu, l'invention n'est aucunement limitée à un type particulier de pièce mécanique.The mechanical part concerned, noted P, will for example be a stainless steel friction rod of the type used to equip brake pistons of vehicles. Of course, the invention is in no way limited to a particular type of mechanical part.
Sur la
Lors de l'étape a), on soumet la pièce P à une étape de finition primaire qui est organisée pour abaisser sa rugosité en surface Ra à une valeur inférieure ou égale à un premier seuil prédéterminé S1, qui est par exemple 0,2 µm. La pièce P est donc terminée d'usinage et de traitement (de type thermochimique ou passivation), et se présente sous sa forme et ses dimensions finales. Ce traitement de finition primaire, de type classique, peut comporter des étapes de tournage, rectification, etc..., qui doivent donc permettre d'atteindre une rugosité Ra par exemple inférieure à 0,2 µm une fois la pièce terminée et prête au traitement suivant. Il est rappelé que le paramètre Ra utilisé ici pour caractériser la rugosité en surface, est un paramètre représentatif des irrégularités géométriques d'une surface, qui correspond à l'écart moyen arithmétique par rapport à la ligne moyenne de rugosité.During step a), the piece P is subjected to a primary finishing step which is organized to lower its surface roughness Ra to a value less than or equal to a first predetermined threshold S1, which is, for example, 0.2 μm . The piece P is thus complete machining and treatment (thermochemical type or passivation), and is in its form and final dimensions. This primary finishing treatment, of conventional type, can comprise stages of turning, grinding, etc ..., which must therefore make it possible to achieve a roughness Ra, for example less than 0.2 μm, once the part is finished and ready for use. next treatment. It is recalled that the parameter Ra used here to characterize the surface roughness is a parameter representative of the geometrical irregularities of a surface, which corresponds to the average arithmetic deviation with respect to the average roughness line.
Lors de l'étape suivante b), on soumet la pièce P à un nettoyage de surface au moyen d'une solution de dégraissage. Cette opération est importante, car elle permet de débarrasser entièrement la surface de la pièce P de toutes les traces de salissures possibles (graisses, huiles, copeaux, poussières, résidus plastiques, feutres, produits de protection temporaire). La solution de dégraissage utilisée sera de préférence de type alcaline à une température comprise entre 35°C et 60°C. La durée de l'étape de dégraissage sera par exemple typiquement de 5 minutes. Bien entendu, dans le cas où le niveau de salissure serait très important, et dans le but de diminuer le temps de traitement de dégraissage, il sera possible de réaliser un pré-dégraissage des pièces métalliques.In the next step b), the piece P is subjected to a surface cleaning by means of a degreasing solution. This operation is important because it removes the entire surface of the part P from all possible traces of dirt (grease, oil, chips, dust, plastic residues, felts, protective products temporary). The degreasing solution used will preferably be of the alkaline type at a temperature of between 35 ° C and 60 ° C. The duration of the degreasing step will typically be, for example, 5 minutes. Of course, in the case where the level of soiling is very important, and in order to reduce the degreasing treatment time, it will be possible to perform a pre-degreasing of the metal parts.
Lors de l'étape suivante, notée c), on soumet la pièce P ainsi nettoyée à une étape de tribofinition organisée pour d'une part abaisser encore sa rugosité en surface Ra à une valeur inférieure ou égale à un deuxième seuil prédéterminé S2 qui est inférieur au premier seuil prédéterminé S1, et d'autre part augmenter sa mouillabilité aux fluides hydrauliques. Les fluides hydrauliques concernés sont en particulier des fluides à base d'hydrocarbures ou d'ester-phosphates, ou des fluides huileux.In the next step, denoted c), the piece P thus cleaned is subjected to a tribofinition step organized to first lower its surface roughness Ra to a value less than or equal to a second predetermined threshold S2 which is lower than the first predetermined threshold S1, and secondly increase its wettability to hydraulic fluids. The hydraulic fluids concerned are in particular fluids based on hydrocarbons or ester-phosphates, or oily fluids.
Une telle opération de tribofinition est indispensable pour préparer et optimiser l'état de surface de la pièce métallique avant le traitement de projection de poudre de bisulfure de tungstène.Such a tribofinishing operation is essential to prepare and optimize the surface state of the metal part before the tungsten disulfide powder spraying treatment.
Comme cela est schématisé sur la
L'étape c1) d'ébavurage consiste en une mise en agitation continue, en général dans un bol vibrant, des pièces P à traiter avec une première solution aqueuse oxydante contenant des agents abrasifs jusqu'à obtention de la rugosité en surface Ra souhaitée. Au cours de cette étape, il se crée un film d'oxyde en surface des pièces, de dureté inférieure à celle du métal de base. Ce film est retiré au fur et mesure par l'action mécanique des agents abrasifs qui sont de dureté supérieure à celle du film, mais inférieure à celle du métal de base, lesquels agents abrasifs viennent s'entrechoquer en surface des pièces, et ainsi diminuer la rugosité de ladite surface. A titre indicatif, cette première étape c1) d'ébavurage sera mise en oeuvre pendant une durée au moins égale à 60 minutes.The debinding step c1) consists in a continuous stirring, generally in a vibratory bowl, of the pieces P to be treated with a first oxidizing aqueous solution containing abrasive agents until the desired surface roughness Ra is obtained. At During this stage, an oxide film is created on the surface of the parts, with a hardness lower than that of the base metal. This film is removed gradually by the mechanical action of the abrasive agents which are of hardness greater than that of the film, but lower than that of the base metal, which abrasive agents come to clash on the surface of the pieces, and thus reduce the roughness of said surface. As an indication, this first step c1) deburring will be carried out for a period of at least 60 minutes.
La deuxième étape c2) de polissage consiste de préférence en une mise en agitation continue des pièces avec une deuxième solution aqueuse non oxydante contenant des agents abrasifs. Cette deuxième étape de polissage permet de retirer en totalité le film d'oxyde créé lors de la première étape c1), par l'action mécanique des agents abrasifs. A titre indicatif, la durée de traitement pour cette deuxième étape c2) de polissage sera au minimum de 120 minutes.The second polishing step c2) preferably consists in a continuous stirring of the pieces with a second non-oxidizing aqueous solution containing abrasive agents. This second polishing step makes it possible to completely remove the oxide film created during the first step c1) by the mechanical action of the abrasive agents. As an indication, the treatment time for this second polishing step c2) will be at least 120 minutes.
A l'issue de ces deux étapes c1) et c2), la rugosité en surface Ra est abaissée à une valeur inférieure ou égale à un deuxième seuil prédéterminé S2, qui est inférieur au premier seuil prédéterminé S1, et qui sera par exemple de l'ordre de 0,1 µm. On prévoira alors avantageusement une étape c3) de nettoyage de surface, puis de contrôle de la rugosité en surface Ra, lequel contrôle est très fiable grâce au nettoyage préalablement effectué. Le nettoyage concerné en l'espèce vise à garantir la représentativité du résultat de la mesure de contrôle de la rugosité en surface. La surface de la pièce présente alors moins de souillures qu'à l'issue de l'étape a) de finition primaire, de sorte que l'on pourra utiliser un solvant peu agressif de type acétone.At the end of these two steps c1) and c2), the surface roughness Ra is lowered to a value less than or equal to a second predetermined threshold S2, which is less than the first predetermined threshold S1, and which will be, for example order of 0.1 μm. Advantageously, a surface cleaning step c3) will be provided, followed by control of the surface roughness Ra, which control is very reliable thanks to the cleaning carried out beforehand. The cleaning concerned in this case aims to guarantee the representativeness of the result of the surface roughness control measure. The surface of the part then has less dirt than at the end of the finishing step a) primary, so that one can use a solvent slightly aggressive acetone type.
A l'issue de cette étape c) de tribofinition, on peut, soit directement soumettre la pièce P à l'étape suivante essentielle notée d), qui est une étape de projection, à haute vitesse et à température ambiante, de poudre de bisulfure de tungstène se présentant sous forme de platelets, soit en variante, mettre d'abord en oeuvre, préalablement à l'étape d), une étape complémentaire de micro-sablage, éventuellement suivie d'un nettoyage de surface et d'un contrôle de la rugosité en surface. Ces étapes complémentaires ont été illustrées ici sous la forme d'une étape c') qui est une étape de micro-sablage, organisée pour activer la surface de la pièce P en vue d'augmenter l'adhérence du revêtement déposé ultérieurement lors de l'étape d) de projection de poudre de WS2, cette étape complémentaire c') étant suivie d'une étape c") de nettoyage de surface, puis de contrôle de la rugosité en surface Ra. Sur la
Bien entendu, une telle étape de micro-sablage a pour effet d'accroître légèrement la rugosité en surface Ra. On organisera néanmoins l'étape c') de micro-sablage de telle façon que la rugosité en surface Ra reste encore inférieure au premier seuil prédéterminé de rugosité S1, par exemple 0,2 µm.Of course, such a micro-sandblasting step has the effect of slightly increasing the surface roughness Ra. However, micro-sandblasting step c ') will be organized in such a way that the surface roughness Ra is still lower than the first predetermined threshold of roughness S1, for example 0.2 μm.
Sur la
Le choix de mettre en oeuvre ou non l'étape de micro-sablage dépendra des propriétés en frottement que l'on souhaite obtenir sur les pièces métalliques, en plus des propriétés de mouillabilité précitée. A ce titre, en cas de micro-sablage, il conviendra de mettre en oeuvre assez rapidement l'étape d) de projection de poudre de WS2, par exemple dans un délai n'excédant pas 120 minutes.The choice of whether or not to use the micro-sandblasting step will depend on the friction properties that are desired on the metal parts, in addition to the aforementioned wettability properties. As such, in the case of micro-sanding, it will be necessary to implement fairly quickly step d) powder projection of WS 2 , for example within a period not exceeding 120 minutes.
A l'issue de l'étape c) de tribofinition, et éventuellement des étapes c') de micro-sablage et c") de nettoyage et de contrôle, la pièce P est maintenant préparée de façon optimale pour subir le traitement de projection de poudre de bisulfure de tungstène. La rugosité liée aux opérations de finition a été en effet très fortement diminuée par l'opération de tribofinition, et l'éventuel micro-sablage a en outre activé la surface pour augmenter l'adhérence du revêtement qui va être formé.At the end of step c) of tribofinishing, and possibly steps c ') micro-sanding and c ") cleaning and control, the piece P is now optimally prepared to undergo the projection treatment of tungsten disulphide powder The roughness related to the finishing operations was indeed greatly reduced by the operation of tribofinishing, and the eventual micro-sanding also activated the surface to increase the adhesion of the coating which is going to be form.
Lors de l'étape d), on soumet donc la pièce P à une projection, à haute vitesse et à température ambiante, de poudre de bisulfure de tungstène (WS2).During step d), the piece P is subjected to a projection, at high speed and at ambient temperature, of tungsten disulfide powder (WS 2 ).
Conformément à une caractéristique essentielle de l'invention, la poudre de WS2 utilisée dans le cadre du procédé de l'invention se présente sous la forme de platelets p, comme illustré aux
De préférence, on utilisera des platelets p de forme sensiblement hexagonale, comme illustré sur la
A titre indicatif, pour les conditions opératoires de la projection de poudre de WS2 sous la forme de platelets, à froid et à haute vitesse, on pourra utiliser une pression de l'ordre de 5 à 10 bars, avec un angle d'inclinaison des jets de projection allant de 45° à 135° par rapport au plan de la surface à traiter, la distance entre les sorties de buse de projection et la pièce P allant typiquement de 20 à 100 mm. Ces conditions opératoires permettent de projeter à haute vitesse des platelets de poudre de WS2, afin que ceux-ci se brisent en microparticules en s'écrasant sur la surface de la pièce à traiter.As an indication, for the operating conditions of the projection of WS 2 powder in the form of platelets, cold and at high speed, it will be possible to use a pressure of the order of 5 to 10 bar, with an angle of inclination of the projection jets from 45 ° to 135 ° with respect to the plane of the surface to be treated, the distance between the projection nozzle outlets and the workpiece P typically ranging from 20 to 100 mm. These operating conditions make it possible to project WS 2 powder platelets at high speed, so that they break into microparticles by crashing onto the surface of the workpiece.
Les essais menés par la demanderesse ont permis de constater que l'on peut alors aisément obtenir un revêtement d'épaisseur comprise entre 0,4 µm et 0,6 µm, avec une évolution de l'angle de contact (liquide/solide) en surface du revêtement de WS2 qui est parfaitement reproductible (ce qui n'était pas le cas avec les techniques antérieures rappelées plus haut). Les pièces traitées ont alors une couleur grise bleutée, qui est tout à fait caractéristique d'un dépôt d'épaisseur uniforme. Un contrôle visuel de la couleur de la pièce permet ainsi de garantir que le traitement s'est correctement déroulé, et que les caractéristiques souhaitées sont bien atteintes.The tests carried out by the Applicant have shown that it is then easy to obtain a coating with a thickness of between 0.4 μm and 0.6 μm, with a change in the contact angle (liquid / solid) in surface of the WS 2 coating which is perfectly reproducible (which was not the case with the earlier techniques mentioned above). The treated parts then have a bluish gray color, which is quite characteristic of a deposit of uniform thickness. A visual check of the color of the part thus makes it possible to guarantee that the treatment has proceeded correctly, and that the desired characteristics are well achieved.
Par ailleurs, comme cela a été illustré sur la
Une telle étape finale est très intéressante avant l'utilisation des pièces traitées, et elle permet en particulier de réaliser un triple contrôle, illustré ici par trois flèches sur la figure, concernant à la fois la rugosité en surface, la mouillabilité aux fluides hydrauliques, en particulier des fluides à base d'hydrocarbures ou d'ester-phosphates, ou des fluides huileux, et le coefficient de frottement (statique et/ou dynamique).Such a final step is very interesting before the use of the treated parts, and it allows in particular to perform a triple control, illustrated here by three arrows in the figure, relating both the surface roughness, the wettability to hydraulic fluids, in particular hydrocarbon-based fluids or ester-phosphates, or oily fluids, and the coefficient of friction ( static and / or dynamic).
On est ainsi assuré d'obtenir une pièce traitée présentant une rugosité en surface avec une valeur Ra inférieure à 0,2 µm, avec un coefficient de frottement dynamique (WS2 contre WS2 et plan sur plan) inférieur à 0,03, et un coefficient de frottement statique (WS2 contre WS2 et plan sur plan) inférieur à 0,07.It is thus ensured to obtain a treated part having a surface roughness with a Ra value of less than 0.2 μm, with a dynamic coefficient of friction (WS 2 against WS 2 and plane plane) of less than 0.03, and a static coefficient of friction (WS 2 against WS 2 and planar plane) less than 0.07.
La mouillabilité obtenue est en outre extrêmement discriminante, dans la mesure où elle très bonne pour les fluides hydrauliques, en particulier les fluides à base d'hydrocarbures ou d'ester-phosphates, ou les fluides huileux, tout en étant très mauvaise au regard des fluides aqueux.The wettability obtained is also extremely discriminating, insofar as it is very good for hydraulic fluids, in particular fluids based on hydrocarbons or ester-phosphates, or oily fluids, while being very bad with regard to aqueous fluids.
La
Les courbes C1, C2 et C3 représentées sur le diagramme de la
On est ainsi parvenu à réaliser un revêtement à très faible coefficient de flottement, qui est autolubrifiant grâce au film continue créé en surface de la pièce, et ce sur une très large plage de températures, ce revêtement étant de plus est lipophile et hydrophobe. Ceci représente donc un progrès considérable par rapport aux techniques antérieures mentionnées plus haut correspondant à des processus électrolytiques.It has thus been possible to achieve a coating with a very low coefficient of floating, which is self-lubricating thanks to the continuous film created on the surface of the part, and this over a very wide range of temperatures, this coating being more is lipophilic and hydrophobic. This represents a considerable advance compared to previous techniques mentioned above corresponding to electrolytic processes.
On va maintenant décrire, en référence à la
Sur la
L'ensemble d'étanchéité 102 est constitué par un palier de guidage 103 formé d'un premier matériau et par un joint d'étanchéité 104 formé d'un deuxième matériau de dureté inférieure à celle du premier matériau. A titre d'exemple, le premier matériau constitutif du palier de guidage 103 est un polymère thermoplastique, et le deuxième matériau constitutif du joint d'étanchéité 104 est un caoutchouc. Lorsque la tige 101 se déplace de la droite vers la gauche sur la figure, le palier de guidage 103, qui peut glisser sur la tige 101, coopère avec le joint d'étanchéité 104 en le comprimant pour renforcer l'étanchéité.The sealing
La surface extérieure 110 de la tige 101 a été traitée en mettant en oeuvre un procédé tel que précédemment décrit, de sorte que ladite tige présente des propriétés requises à la fois en lubrification vis-à-vis du palier de guidage 103, c'est-à-dire au niveau de l'interface entre la surface extérieure 110 de la tige 101 et la surface intérieure 103.1 du palier de guidage 103, et en frottement vis-à-vis du joint d'étanchéité 104, c'est-à-dire au niveau de l'interface entre la surface extérieure 110 de la tige 101 et la surface intérieure 104.1 du joint d'étanchéité 104, afin d'en éviter l'abrasion.The
La double fonction du revêtement de WS2 garnissant la tige coulissante 101 permet une coopération optimale avec chacun des deux composants 103, 104 constituant l'ensemble d'étanchéité 102.The dual function of the WS 2 coating on the sliding
Un tel système d'étanchéité hydraulique est tout particulièrement intéressant pour équiper des pistons de freins de véhicules.Such a hydraulic sealing system is particularly advantageous for fitting brake pistons of vehicles.
Il pourra s'agir en particulier d'une tige de friction destinée à être agencée dans un piston d'une couronne hydraulique d'un frein d'aéronef. Le rôle d'une telle tige de friction est de guider le piston au cours de l'application de l'effort de freinage sur le ou les disques de frein, la tige étant équipée d'un ensemble d'étanchéité consistant en un palier de guidage en polytétrafluoroéthylène et d'un joint d'étanchéité en élastomère de type éthylène propylène. Un tel système tige/joint est alors capable de répondre à des exigences multiples, en particulier présenter un excellent comportement en frottement permettant de limiter les usures des joints et l'endommagement des tiges, et présenter une étanchéité optimale du piston face au fluide hydraulique.It may be in particular a friction rod intended to be arranged in a piston of a hydraulic crown of an aircraft brake. The role of such a friction rod is to guide the piston during the application of the braking force on the brake disc or discs, the rod being equipped with a sealing assembly consisting of a bearing of polytetrafluoroethylene guidance and an ethylene propylene elastomer seal. Such a rod / seal system is then capable of meeting multiple requirements, in particular having an excellent frictional behavior making it possible to limit the wear of the joints and the damage of the rods, and to have an optimum seal of the piston against the hydraulic fluid.
Claims (12)
- A method of treating the surface of a mechanical part made of high-strength steel, the method seeking to confer on said part friction and lubrication properties that are needed for its use, the method being characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps:a) subjecting the part (P) to a primary finishing step organized to lower its surface roughness (Ra) to a value less than or equal to a first predetermined threshold (S1);b) then subjecting the part (P) to surface cleaning by means of a degreasing solution;c) subjecting the part (P) as cleaned in this way to a tribo-finishing step organized firstly to further lower its surface roughness (Ra) to a value less than or equal to a second predetermined threshold (S2) that is less than the first predetermined threshold (S1), and secondly to increase its wettability by hydraulic fluids; andd) subjecting the part (P) to projection, at high speed and at ambient temperature, of tungsten bisulfide (WS2) powder in the form of platelets (p) that break, thereby creating a dense and self-lubricating deposit on the surface of said part.
- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the tribo-finishing step c) includes a first step c1) of deburring by continuously agitating parts (P) for treatment together with an oxidizing first aqueous solution containing abrasive agents until the desired surface roughness (Ra) is obtained, followed by a second step c2) of polishing by subjecting said parts to continuous agitation together with a non-oxidizing second aqueous solution containing abrasive agents.
- A method according to claim 2, characterized in that the tribo-finishing step c) includes a third step c3) of surface cleaning, followed by inspection of the surface roughness (Ra).
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the first predetermined roughness threshold (S1) is substantially equal to 0.2 µm, and the second predetermined roughness threshold (S2) is substantially equal to 0.1 µm.
- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the powder projected during step d) is constituted almost exclusively by pure WS2. and is in the form of platelets (p) that are substantially hexagonal in shape, with a main dimension (D) lying in the range 0.8 µm to 1.5 µm, and with a thickness (E) of the order of 0.1 µm.
- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes, after tribo-finishing step c), an additional step c') of micro-sanding, organized to activate the surface of the part (P) in order to increase the adhesion of the coating subsequently deposited during step d) of projecting WS2 powder.
- A method according to claim 6, characterized in that the micro-sanding step c') is followed by a surface cleaning step c"), and then by inspection of the surface roughness (Ra).
- A method according to claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that the micro-sanding step c') is organized in such a manner that the surface roughness (Ra), which is increased as a result of the micro-sanding, remains below the first predetermined roughness threshold (S1).
- A method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the micro-sanding step c') is implemented using particles that are not oxides, and of a size lying in the range 5 µm to 15 µm.
- A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it includes, after the WS2 powder projection step d), a step d') of surface cleaning followed by inspection of surface roughness (Ra), of wettability, and of coefficient of friction.
- A hydraulic sealing system including a slide rod (101) slidable in a sealing assembly (102), the system being characterized in that the sealing assembly (102) is constituted by a guide bearing (103) made of a first material and by a sealing gasket (104) made of a second material of hardness less than the hardness of the first material, and in that the sliding rod (101) has an outside surface (110) that has been worked by implementing a method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, such that said rod presents required lubrication properties relative to the guide bearing (103) and required friction properties relative to the sealing gasket (104).
- A system according to claim 11, characterized in that the first material constituting the guide bearing (103) is a thermoplastic polymer, and the second material constituting the sealing gasket (104) is a rubber.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0803093A FR2932193B1 (en) | 2008-06-04 | 2008-06-04 | METHOD FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF A HIGH STRENGTH STEEL MECHANICAL PIECE, AND SEALING SYSTEM OBTAINED BY CARRYING OUT SAID METHOD |
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EP2130944A1 EP2130944A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 |
EP2130944B1 true EP2130944B1 (en) | 2010-11-17 |
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EP09290361A Active EP2130944B1 (en) | 2008-06-04 | 2009-05-15 | Method for treating the surface of a high-strength steel mechanical part, and sealing system obtained by implementing said method |
Country Status (12)
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US (1) | US8128991B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2130944B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5215241B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101608307B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE488619T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2009202212B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0902016A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2668502C (en) |
DE (1) | DE602009000370D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2354936T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2932193B1 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2009005871A (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
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FR2980803B1 (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2013-10-25 | Areva Np | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A STAINLESS STEEL CORROSION RESISTANT STAINLESS STEEL PIECE FOR A NUCLEAR REACTOR, CORRESPONDING PART AND CONTROL CLUSTER. |
CN102513900A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2012-06-27 | 大连海事大学 | Method for strengthening internal surface of air cylinder sleeve by virtue of surface micro-etching and particle composite filling |
FR2983546B1 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2014-04-11 | Sagem Defense Securite | MECHANICAL BODY |
CZ307120B6 (en) * | 2013-02-15 | 2018-01-24 | Západočeská Univerzita V Plzni | A method and a device for producing surfaces of high roughness and specific mechanical properties |
CN103398067B (en) * | 2013-07-17 | 2015-08-05 | 春雨(东莞)五金制品有限公司 | A kind of screw bolt manufacture process |
FR3014428B1 (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2017-05-12 | Sofiplast | PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A GLASS CONTAINER |
CN104647171B (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2017-01-25 | 佛山市建春友金属科技有限公司 | Surface treatment method for stainless steel plate with high cleanness and corrosion resistance |
CN105970127B (en) * | 2016-05-25 | 2018-01-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | A kind of method for realizing biphase titanium alloy tubular member surfaces externally and internally nanosizing structure |
FR3123012A1 (en) * | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-25 | Safran Landing Systems | SURFACE TREATMENT METHOD OF A PISTON ROD |
CN115823191A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-03-21 | 广东极亚精机科技有限公司 | RV speed reducer |
CN116445902B (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2023-09-05 | 上海毫米星光光学有限公司 | Aluminum alloy polygon mirror processing method applied to rotary scanning optical system |
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US3632368A (en) * | 1970-11-12 | 1972-01-04 | Lubrication Sciences Inc | Lubricant coated bearing and method |
JPS60181282A (en) * | 1984-02-24 | 1985-09-14 | Okuno Seiyaku Kogyo Kk | Surface treatment of aluminum alloy |
US4753094A (en) * | 1986-06-19 | 1988-06-28 | Spears Richard L | Apparatus and method of powder-metal peen coating metallic surfaces |
JP3777461B2 (en) * | 2001-10-18 | 2006-05-24 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Corrosion-resistant magnesium alloy and its manufacturing method |
JP4011892B2 (en) * | 2001-11-20 | 2007-11-21 | 富士通株式会社 | Polishing equipment |
US6977096B2 (en) * | 2002-10-03 | 2005-12-20 | Material Technologies, Inc. | Method of coating surface with tungsten disulfide |
JP2004226695A (en) * | 2003-01-23 | 2004-08-12 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Bearing seal structure of development device of image forming apparatuses, the development device, and the image forming apparatus |
US20040187979A1 (en) * | 2003-03-31 | 2004-09-30 | Material Technologies, Inc. | Cutting tool body having tungsten disulfide coating and method for accomplishing same |
JP2005254348A (en) * | 2004-03-09 | 2005-09-22 | Fuji Seisakusho:Kk | Jet material pressure-feed method, blast machining method using the jet material force-feed method, jet material force-feed device and blast machining apparatus having the jet material force-feed device |
US20070134468A1 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2007-06-14 | Buehler Jane E | Enhanced friction reducing surface and method of making the same |
US7687112B2 (en) * | 2004-07-14 | 2010-03-30 | Kinetitec Corporation | Surface for reduced friction and wear and method of making the same |
JP2006318747A (en) * | 2005-05-12 | 2006-11-24 | Dap Technology Kk | Sandblast apparatus and method for sandblasting |
JP2007001531A (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2007-01-11 | Nsk Ltd | Expansion shaft for steering of vehicle |
JP2007010051A (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2007-01-18 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | High speed sliding mechanism and its manufacturing method |
JP2008095051A (en) * | 2006-10-16 | 2008-04-24 | Ihi Corp | Solid lubricating film |
-
2008
- 2008-06-04 FR FR0803093A patent/FR2932193B1/en active Active
-
2009
- 2009-05-15 EP EP09290361A patent/EP2130944B1/en active Active
- 2009-05-15 AT AT09290361T patent/ATE488619T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-05-15 DE DE602009000370T patent/DE602009000370D1/en active Active
- 2009-05-15 ES ES09290361T patent/ES2354936T3/en active Active
- 2009-05-22 US US12/470,864 patent/US8128991B2/en active Active
- 2009-06-02 BR BRPI0902016-0A patent/BRPI0902016A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-06-03 MX MX2009005871A patent/MX2009005871A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2009-06-03 CA CA2668502A patent/CA2668502C/en active Active
- 2009-06-03 JP JP2009134246A patent/JP5215241B2/en active Active
- 2009-06-03 AU AU2009202212A patent/AU2009202212B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-06-04 CN CN2009101595969A patent/CN101608307B/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP5215241B2 (en) | 2013-06-19 |
CA2668502A1 (en) | 2009-12-04 |
CA2668502C (en) | 2011-08-09 |
DE602009000370D1 (en) | 2010-12-30 |
FR2932193A1 (en) | 2009-12-11 |
ES2354936T3 (en) | 2011-03-21 |
FR2932193B1 (en) | 2010-07-30 |
JP2009293128A (en) | 2009-12-17 |
EP2130944A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 |
AU2009202212A1 (en) | 2009-12-24 |
AU2009202212B2 (en) | 2010-07-01 |
MX2009005871A (en) | 2010-01-15 |
US8128991B2 (en) | 2012-03-06 |
BRPI0902016A2 (en) | 2010-04-13 |
ATE488619T1 (en) | 2010-12-15 |
US20090302550A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
CN101608307B (en) | 2011-03-16 |
CN101608307A (en) | 2009-12-23 |
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