EP2129840B1 - Junction device, system and method for fluid drainage - Google Patents
Junction device, system and method for fluid drainage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2129840B1 EP2129840B1 EP08724350.7A EP08724350A EP2129840B1 EP 2129840 B1 EP2129840 B1 EP 2129840B1 EP 08724350 A EP08724350 A EP 08724350A EP 2129840 B1 EP2129840 B1 EP 2129840B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- port
- fluid
- diverter
- junction
- flow
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
- E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
- E03C1/12—Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
- E03C1/122—Pipe-line systems for waste water in building
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
- F15D1/02—Influencing flow of fluids in pipes or conduits
Definitions
- This invention relates to devices for managing fluid flow within fluid drainage systems, and more particularly to junction devices for fluid drainage systems.
- FIG. 1 shows a conventional junction 10 commonly used in rain water down pipe systems.
- the conventional junction 10 has a down pipe 12 and a connecting horizontal pipe 14 that is joined in a perpendicular orientation.
- water flows and clings along the wall of the pipe in a spiral direction indicated by arrows 30, while air flows in the opposite direction indicated by arrow 20 in the center of the pipe.
- Water also flows along connecting horizontal pipe 14 in the direction indicated by arrow 32.
- the vertical down pipe 12 is typically fluidly connected to the main drainage sources such as the roof top of a building.
- the horizontal branches typically fluidly connect the secondary drainage sources such as floor outlets, floor wastes, balconies, planter drainage, or the like as shown in FIG. 2 to the vertical down pipe 12.
- a water plug 34 is formed in the down pipe 12 preventing the flow of air 20 causing the air to back flow 22.
- Backflow occurs when the clear air passage in an open channel of a rain water down pipe system is completely filled with water and forms water plugs, thus preventing air from escaping upwards through the center of the pipe. Instead, air escapes through the side branches 14 causing backflow. Escaping air from the branches is known as positive air flow, whereas air being drawn into the pipe from the branches is known as negative air flow. Significant positive and negative pressures which may form inside the pipes during water flow contributes to backflow.
- siphonic rain water down pipe SRWDP
- siphonic drainage systems siphonic drainage systems
- the main drainage is completely separate from the drainage of secondary drainage such as floor outlets, floor wastes, balconies, planter drainage and the like.
- the main drainage is not fluidly connected with the secondary drainage because siphonic systems are drainage systems where the pipes are filled with water and contain no air and exhibit full bore water flow.
- pipes commonly used in siphonic drainage systems are 1/3 of the size of pipes commonly used in conventional gravity rain water drain pipe systems (non-siphonic drainage systems).
- the down pipe is typically 2" (50mm), and in non-siphonic drainage systems the down pipe is typically has a gauge of 6" (150mm).
- the siphonic outlets feeding the down pipes in the siphonic drainage system are specially designed to prevent air from entering the system, and the pipe gauge or diameter of the down pipe in the siphonic drainage system connected to the siphonic outlets is chosen to be relatively smaller than in non-siphonic drainage systems to ensure that the pipe is completely filled with water. It is not recommended to connect a non-siphonic pipe or junction to a siphonic system as it will introduce air into the siphonic system and prevent full bore flow in the siphonic system thereby reducing the drainage capacity of the siphonic system.
- US 3894302 describes a device for joining horizontal lines from one or more plumbing fixtures, such as toilet, to a vertical stack.
- US 1582845 describes drainage fittings, in particular, for hanging battery wall toilets.
- US 3376897 describes a pipe branch piece of a pressure line, which has one pipe leg of large diameter and at least two pipe legs of smaller diameter.
- US 3346887 describes an aerating connector fitting for use in a sanitary drainage system.
- JP11071794 discloses a collecting pipe for waste water for preventing variation of inside pressure in a pipe of one-pipe type drainage piping.
- JP2001026957 discloses a drain pipe joint provided with a horizontal branch pipe connection part.
- a fluid junction device according to Claim 1.
- a fluid junction device for managing a first fluid flowing from at least two sources and a second fluid from at least one source, the second fluid capable of a negative pressure flow and a positive pressure flow, the device comprising the technical features of independent claim 1.
- a drainage system comprising a plurality of devices according to claim 1, wherein the output of an upper device in fluid communication with the first port of the lower device.
- the first port of the upper device is optionally fluidly connected to a siphonic outlet, and each device comprises an escape for the second fluid in either a positive pressure flow or negative pressure flow through the second port of each device.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an anti-backflow junction device 100 in operation in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 4 shows the cross-sectional view of the anti-backflow junction device 100 of FIG. 3 with perspective view showing a side port 142 exposed on the second port 104.
- the cross-sections of FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are taken along the line A-A shown in FIG. 5A of a top view of the anti-backflow junction.
- the anti-backflow junction device comprises a body 108 with a cavity or passages having first port 102, a second port 104 and a third port 106.
- the first port and the second port are in fluid communication with fluid sources (not shown) which may be draining rain water collected from rooftops, balconies, floor wastes, floor outlets, planter drainage and the like.
- the body 108 is configured with a lip or diverter 112 in the wall that defines a nozzle 110 with the sidewall of the body of the junction device along the wall of the first port and the third port opposite the second port.
- a section of the side wall of the second port forms provides as gradual descent, an escape cut away 114, of the branch to the third port. This cut away section 114 maintains the diameter of the pipe size to ensure downward water flow exit from the second port to the third port.
- a support 136 is provided between the first port and the second port to provide added structural support for the second port and make the junction device rigid, however, it will be appreciated that such support may not be necessary or other means of support may be envisaged.
- the diverter 112 is shown in more detail in the top view of the junction device of FIG. 5A and the cross-sectional views of FIG. 6A and 6B taken at different cross-sections of the anti-backflow junction device 100 shown in FIG. 4 .
- the diverter 112 is a protrusion, ramp, channel, lip, bump, latch, ledge, or the like that extends from wall or within the surface of the first port.
- the diverter is integral with the side wall extending from the mouth of the first port such that the surface of the side wall is continuous with smooth surfaces.
- the diverter may be formed as protrusion, ramp, channel, lip, bump, latch, ledge, or the like having smooth and angled configuration.
- the diverter is integral with the side wall.
- the diverter top length extends about half of the circumference of the wall extending around the perimeter of the first port from a first point 113 to a second point 115 of the diverter as seen in the top view of FIG. 5A to the dashed line 128 of FIG. 4 .
- the bottom length is the distance from point 113 to point 115 around the head of the nozzle in a cross-section (not shown) including the point 124 shown in FIG. 4 .
- the depth of the diverter extends from a first point 122 and a second point 124 as shown in FIG. 4 .
- the diverter is sculpted as shown by channel 117, and the resulting diverter width 119 is shown that changes along the length of the diverter.
- Diverter width is defined by the horizontal distance, relative the central axis of the first port, from point 124 to dashed line 128 in FIG. 4 . More specifically, diverter width is the distance from the surface of the diverter that is exposed to the water to the first port wall of the pipe as shown in FIG. 6A and FIG. 4 .
- the dashed line 128 is an extension of the sidewall 126 of the first port by which the width of the diverter 112 may be seen from dashed line to the surface of the diverter exposed to the interior of the junction device 100.
- the diverter width is the distance along a radial line diverging from the central axis 180 of the first port from the edge of the ledge of the diverter 112 to the side wall extension as shown as dashed line 128 in FIG. 4 of the opening of the first port taken along a desired cross section as shown in FIG. 6A .
- the depth of the diverter is the vertical distance, relative the central axis of the first port, along the surface of the diverter forming the interior surface of the pipe that extends from point 122 and 124 shown in FIG. 4 .
- the length of the diverter is shown in FIG. 5A and extends from the first point 113 to a second point 115.
- the diverter has configuration such that in operation, the diverter 112 manages to divert the flow of the downward spiraling water entering the mouth of the first port 102 as indicated by arrows, and concentrates the flow of water against the opposite wall 111 of the second port 104 and third port 106, forming a water plug 134 at the first port proximate the diverter, between the diverter in the side wall 111 of the junction device 100 opposite the diverter 112.
- the diverter 112 in this embodiment has a sloping, gradient or ramping orientation with respect to the side wall of the first port.
- the diverter width 119 varies along the length of the diverter 112, and remains constant for the majority of the length at each cross section along the length, however, near the point 113,115 the diverter width is tapered. It will be appreciated that the width of the diverter may vary along either the depth or length or both or remain uniform. The length and/or depth of the diverter may also vary or be uniform along the depth and/or length, respectively. Some variations are shown and discussed in detail below with reference to FIG. 9A-12B .
- the configuration of the side wall 111 and the diverter 112 form a nozzle 110.
- the diverter 112 is in a position having the orientation where the first port cross-sectional area is reduced at the tip, at point 124, of the diverter forming the nozzle head.
- the diverter 112 is designed to reduce the cross-sectional area of the first port within the shortest width and yet has the least resistance to the fluid flow so as to maximize fluid capacity. This desired function is achieved by the shape and angle of the diverter 112 shown.
- the ratio of distances of the cross-sectional openings of the nozzle head 150, from the opposite wall of the first port 111 to the tip 124 of the nozzle head shown in FIG.
- the ratio to achieve is a balance between the maximum capacity of the anti-backflow junction device and the effectiveness of the anti-backflow junction device. For example, the ratio for percentage of reduction may be from approximately 10% to 25%. It will be appreciated that the ratio of the opening of the first port and the opening of the nozzle head may vary for specific applications, and may be less than 10% or more than 25%.
- junction of the second port 104 with the first port 102 to the third port 106 as shown is a graduated junction with smooth edges and curves with escape cut away section 114.
- Another function of an embodiment of second port section 114 besides allowing air to escape is to maintain the pipe diameter of the second port. Maintaining the pipe diameter in the second port also helps to prevent blockages by foreign items and debris such as leaves, twigs, soil and the like at the second port. This also allows the overall size of the anti-backflow junction device 100 as small and compact as possible.
- FIG. 16 shows a flow diagram of a method 400 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- the flow of water 130 from the first source 402 is channeled or diverted by diverter 112 in the side wall which forms the nozzle 110 that increases the velocity of the flow of water 132 downstream of the nozzle 110 and out third port 106.
- the air flow 120 is left clear for the air to escape 406 through the second port 104.
- the configuration ensures a controlled situation at every junction within the body of the device.
- the nozzle 110 formed by the diverter 112 at the junction ensures the formation of the water plug 134 and therefore ensures that the pressure build up at above the nozzle.
- the forming of the pressure above the nozzle 110 creates a pressure jet which passes through the nozzle at increased velocity. Pressure is released after the nozzle 110.
- the pressure builds and increases again above the next downstream nozzle. This situation is repeated at every junction and may be predicated and controlled.
- the pressure jet that is formed by the nozzle 110 may cause a high velocity pressure jet that accelerates the water beyond the junction, thereby ensuring a clear air passage at the junction.
- the anti-backflow fitting works in both negative and positive pressure which is a phenomenon that occurs with water and air flowing in pipes and drainage systems. In most cases the air inside the anti-backflow fitting 100 is forced downwards through the next nozzle together with water traveling at high velocity. In such cases the high velocity pressure jet causes the junction to be under negative pressure. In cases where the discharge is submerged or where the nozzle do not allow sufficient amount of air discharging downwards, the junction of the anti-backflow fitting is under positive pressure. Air escapes through the clear air passage created by the nozzle.
- the configuration of the anti-backflow fitting 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention ensures a clear air passage is maintained at each junction of the anti-backflow fitting, such that water is being prevented from being brought up through the passage by the downward pressure jet.
- the device 100 having this configuration provides predictability and controllability.
- the flow capacity of the anti-backflow fitting can be determined by physical testing. Empirical testing has shown that a flow rate of 20 I/s without any backflow, whereas conventional junctions experience backflow at as little as 2-3 l/s. Due to the principle that each junction forces the formation and release of pressure, there are no unpredictable pressure fluctuations at the junctions.
- the action of the nozzle configuration 110 increases the velocity of the fluid to jet flush the junction and the entire system. This jet action enables the self-cleansing of the pipe interior and minimizes blockages.
- the pressurized system allows a significantly higher flow rate through a pipe as compared to the conventional gravity system.
- the junction may be fitted for pipes of any number of dimensions and cross-sections.
- the ports of the junction may be adapted for a gauge of 3" (75mm) for the first port and 2" (50mm) for the second port, 4" (100mm) for the first port and 3" (75mm) for the second port, and the like.
- Other gauges or sizes are contemplated for example the 6" (150mm) first port and 4" (100mm) second port, 6" (150mm) first port and 3" (75mm) second port, 4" (100mm) for the first port and 2" (50mm) for the second port, or the like.
- the ports may be adapted to receive the same or different sized pipes.
- the first port may be adapted to receive larger dimensioned pipe than the second port and/or the third port.
- the third port may have a dimension that is equal to the first port and/or second port, or may have a different gauge than the first and second ports.
- the pipes may be tubular and the cross-section of the pipe may be circular or any number of other cross-sections, such as rectangular, square, oval or the like.
- the thickness of the pipe walls may be any thickness conventionally used, for example, about 2-3mm.
- the anti-backflow junction device 100 may be manufactured from polyvinyl carbonate (PVC), high density polyethylene (HDPE), hubbless, cast iron, metallic materials and other such materials.
- PVC polyvinyl carbonate
- HDPE high density polyethylene
- the manufacturing process may be by any conventional pipe manufacturing process such as by PVC extrusion or the like. It will be appreciated that the manufacturing process depends on the particular material selected.
- FIG. 7A shows a side elevation perspective view of the anti-backflow junction having a side port 144 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 8 shows a front elevation perspective view of the anti-backflow junction having the second port of the junction with multiple ports in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8 specifically shows at multiple ports at the second port 140 having ports 104, 142 and 144. It will be appreciated that any of the ports may be configured with one, two or multiple ports. Each of the ports may be in fluid connection with the same source or different sources of fluid.
- connection between the ports may be made with a pipe, connecting pipe, another junction or fitting, or the like.
- the port may form a socket, straight or plain end pipe, or the like, and may be fitted and joined together in any manner.
- FIG. 7B shows a side elevation perspective view of the anti-backflow junction 292 that may be adapted to receive a separate accessory 294 fitting or pipe that may contain an additional or multiple ports.
- FIG. 9A-12B Other configurations of the diverter as discussed above with reference to FIG. 4 are shown in FIG. 9A-12B .
- FIG. 9A-B which are not covered by wording of claim 1, show a diverter 220 having a configuration that is a protrusion that extends perpendicular to the first port wall 222 forming a ledge. In this configuration there is no gradient or sloping of the protrusion relative to the first port wall, or the opposing side wall 224 and the protrusion has a perpendicular orientation with respect to the first port wall.
- the diverter 220 protrudes about the first port wall 222 having a length from a first point 223 to a second point 225 in a straight configuration 227 (not indicated in drawings) edge of the diverter ledge.
- the diverter is not sculpted and no channel is formed in the diverter, resulting in different diverter width along the length of the diverter.
- this basic diverter configuration still achieves diversion of the water to form the water plug as desired, although in this embodiment higher resistance is observed in operation when the fluid runs through. Also, this configuration reduces the cross-sectional area of the first port, which also lowers drainage capacity.
- the junction of the second port 104 with the first port 102 to the third port 106 as shown is a graduated junction with smooth edges and angle cut away section in the second port section 114.
- the second port has a horizontal orientation with respect to the first port and third port that have central axis in alignment.
- FIG. 10A and 10B which are not covered by the wording of claim 1, show an anti-backflow junction device 100 having another configuration of diverter 230.
- the diverter in this configuration is more like the diverter shown in FIG. 5, 6A and 6B , than FIG. 9A and 9B , since the diverter is sculptured resulting in a smaller diverter width that is uniform across the length of the diverter and the surface of the diverter forms a cut away or channel 236.
- the diverter extends about half the circumference of the wall forming the first port.
- the diverter 230 is a protrusion that extends perpendicular to the first port wall 232.
- FIG. 11A and 11B show an embodiment of the anti-backflow junction device 100 having another configuration of diverter 240.
- the diverter in this configuration is more like the diverter shown in FIG. 5, 6A and 6B , than FIG. 9A and 9B or FIG. 10A or 10B , since the diverter is sculptured forming a cut-out or channel 246 resulting in a smaller diverter width that is uniform across the length of the diverter, and the diverter is graduated along the length of the diverter.
- the diverter extends about half the circumference of the wall forming the first port.
- the diverter in this embodiment has a sloping, gradient or ramping orientation with respect to the side wall of the first port.
- This embodiment has a fluid capacity that results from the reduction of the cross-sectional area of the first port that is gradual along the depth of the diverter, i.e. the ratio between the first port opening mouth 152 and the nozzle head opening 150 at point 124 along the depth of the diverter.
- the junction of the second port 104 with the first port 102 to the third port 106 as shown is a graduated junction with smooth edges and curves with escape cut away 114, with the second port having a vertical orientation.
- FIG. 12A and 12B show another embodiment of the anti-backflow junction device 160 having a double or multiple diverter configurations.
- the first diverter 162 is shown and is similar to the diverters discussed previously with respect to FIG. 3 to 11B .
- the second diverter 164 is formed in the side wall 264 opposite the first port wall 262 that the first diverter 162 protrudes.
- the water is diverted twice in this configuration to form a water plug and resulting air flow 170 as shown and the water is diverted toward the second port wall 268.
- the junction of the second port 104 with the first port 102 to the third port 106 as shown is graduated junction with escape cut away or gradual part 114 and a sharp edge join between the second and third port walls.
- the second port 168 is shown with pipe having rectangular cross-section.
- FIG. 12A and 12B show that the first port and third port do not necessarily need to be aligned.
- the central axis of each of the ports, first, second and third ports 166,168,167 is shown by dashed lines 272,274,276.
- the first, second and third ports have central axis that are in misalignment.
- the sidewall 264 of the first port is misaligned with the sidewall 266 of the third port.
- the sidewall 268 of the third port 167 is misaligned with the sidewall of the second port 168.
- the first port and third port share a common central axis 180,186 and are concentric. Additionally, in FIG.
- each port 180,184,186 is shown in parallel orientation with each other.
- the junction between the second port and the third port is in an unparallel orientation as shown in FIG. 4 by dashed lines 182.
- orientations may be configured, such as the central axis of the first port, central axis of the second port, and central axis of the third port are in parallel or non-parallel orientation and vertical, non-vertical or horizontal alignment or misalignment.
- FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the anti-backflow junction 280 having the first port 282 as a separate unit from the second port 284 and the third port 286.
- the first port unit 283 has a diverter 283.
- the first port unit 288 may be fitted or joined with the second port unit 284 to form a junction device 280.
- a third port unit 286 may be fitted or joined to the second port junction unit 284.
- the first port unit 282 may be a reducer and the second port junction unit 284 may be a y-tee that are standard in the industry.
- the units are fitted together and are concentrically aligned as shown by dashed line 288.
- the third port unit 286 may also be a reducer that is standard in the industry.
- the anti-backflow junction device may be adapted to receive a separate accessory 294 fitting or pipe that may contain an additional or multiple ports as shown and discussed with reference to FIG. 7B .
- a stack 200 is a drainage system with a plurality of junctions 100 connected in a series configuration joined by connecting piping 202, as shown in FIG. 14 .
- the stack 200 is in fluid communication with a rainwater outlet 204 and rainwater pipe 214 at the top of the stack and a drain pipe 206 and drain 208 at the bottom of the stack.
- the junction device 100 is in fluid communication with other junction devices 100 in the stack such that the third port of an upper junction device is in fluid communication with the first port of the junction device positioned below the upper junction device.
- a horizontal pipe 210 and source 212 is also in fluid communication with each junction device 100.
- junctions in the stacks be the anti-backflow junctions 100
- the inclusion of one or more in a conventional gravity rain water down pipe configuration may improve the system at that junction.
- a stack designed to function with the anti-backflow fitting may be mixed with conventional junctions. This is also shown in the flow diagram of method 400 of FIG. 16 as an embodiment in dashed box 410.
- the dimensions of the anti-backflow junction device 100 may be sized to maximize overall flow rate while remaining within the certified flow rate of the anti-backflow fitting.
- the anti-backflow fitting may be implemented in a fully conventional gravity RWDP systems, as well as to connect to siphonic and non-siphonic systems.
- Siphonic systems are drainage systems where the pipes are filled with water and contain no air and exhibit full bore water flow.
- the main drainage is completely separate from the drainage of balconies.
- the junction device allows the combination of both siphonic drainage systems and non-siphonic drainage systems to form a hybrid system 300 without significant enlargement in pipe size that would have been required in the conventional non-siphonic drainage system while controlling the pressure fluctuation and preventing any backflow.
- the pipe size or gauge may be maintained on either side of the junction 320.
- the siphonic outlet may be in fluid connection with rainwater pipe 314, and connecting pipe 302 having a gauge or dimension of 2" (50mm), and after junction 320 and anti-backflow junction 100 the connecting pipe 302 may have a gauge or dimension of 3" (75mm) where without the anti-backflow junction the connecting pipe 302 would need to be enlarged at least 3 times this size.
- the anti-backflow junction device 100 may have ports ready to receive the different dimensioned pipes at different ports, such that junction 320 would not be required.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
- Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
Description
- This invention relates to devices for managing fluid flow within fluid drainage systems, and more particularly to junction devices for fluid drainage systems.
- The design principle for junctions within conventional gravity rain water down pipe systems (RWDP) is based on the principle of open channel (non-pressured flow).
FIG. 1 shows aconventional junction 10 commonly used in rain water down pipe systems. Theconventional junction 10 has adown pipe 12 and a connectinghorizontal pipe 14 that is joined in a perpendicular orientation. In drainage operation, water flows and clings along the wall of the pipe in a spiral direction indicated byarrows 30, while air flows in the opposite direction indicated byarrow 20 in the center of the pipe. Water also flows along connectinghorizontal pipe 14 in the direction indicated byarrow 32. - In standard codes of practice such as the British standard and the European standard, for example, BS EN 12056-3:2000, suggests a fill rate of 33% for rain water down pipe systems for
vertical pipe 12 and 70% fill rate forhorizontal pipes 14. Such guidelines are intended to prevent pressure fluctuations in the rain water down pipe systems which lead towater 36 being pushed out from thehorizontal branches 14. The vertical downpipe 12 is typically fluidly connected to the main drainage sources such as the roof top of a building. The horizontal branches typically fluidly connect the secondary drainage sources such as floor outlets, floor wastes, balconies, planter drainage, or the like as shown inFIG. 2 to the vertical downpipe 12. When pressure fluctuation occurs in conventional gravity rain water down pipe systems, awater plug 34 is formed in thedown pipe 12 preventing the flow ofair 20 causing the air toback flow 22. The air is then forced to flow back 24 into the connectinghorizontal pipe 14 and pushes thewater 36 out. This is commonly termed as backflow. This backflow problem has been the uncertainty factor for development, especially for high rise residential buildings where balconies drainage and lobbies drainage are linked to common rain water down pipe systems. - However, even in attempting to follow the standard code of practice of 33% fill rate, pressure fluctuations may still occur in the following situations: submerged discharge (for example, flooding in drains), occurrence of bends in the rain water down pipe systems, and/or occurrences when despite trying to comply with the standard code of practice flow rate extends beyond recommended fill rate of 33%.
- Backflow occurs when the clear air passage in an open channel of a rain water down pipe system is completely filled with water and forms water plugs, thus preventing air from escaping upwards through the center of the pipe. Instead, air escapes through the
side branches 14 causing backflow. Escaping air from the branches is known as positive air flow, whereas air being drawn into the pipe from the branches is known as negative air flow. Significant positive and negative pressures which may form inside the pipes during water flow contributes to backflow. - In such cases the air that naturally moves upwards in positive air flow is prevented from escaping. The positive air flow is then forced to escape through the nearest passages which are normally the branches linking to floor outlets. When this occurs, air brings along water and both are forced out through the floor outlet. The nature of the problem in pressure fluctuations is due to its uncertainty and unpredictability.
- In conventional systems where a number of junctions are arranged in a stack configuration, different pressure fluctuations may be experienced at the upper most junctions in the stack compared to the lower most junctions, and backflow may be observed.
- Additionally, in conventional junctions as described above are not compatible or easily adaptable in siphonic rain water down pipe (SRWDP) systems (siphonic drainage systems). Typically, in high rise buildings with siphonic drainage systems, the main drainage is completely separate from the drainage of secondary drainage such as floor outlets, floor wastes, balconies, planter drainage and the like. The main drainage is not fluidly connected with the secondary drainage because siphonic systems are drainage systems where the pipes are filled with water and contain no air and exhibit full bore water flow. Typically, pipes commonly used in siphonic drainage systems are 1/3 of the size of pipes commonly used in conventional gravity rain water drain pipe systems (non-siphonic drainage systems). For example, in siphonic drainage systems, the down pipe is typically 2" (50mm), and in non-siphonic drainage systems the down pipe is typically has a gauge of 6" (150mm). The siphonic outlets feeding the down pipes in the siphonic drainage system are specially designed to prevent air from entering the system, and the pipe gauge or diameter of the down pipe in the siphonic drainage system connected to the siphonic outlets is chosen to be relatively smaller than in non-siphonic drainage systems to ensure that the pipe is completely filled with water. It is not recommended to connect a non-siphonic pipe or junction to a siphonic system as it will introduce air into the siphonic system and prevent full bore flow in the siphonic system thereby reducing the drainage capacity of the siphonic system. It is also not recommended for a siphonic system to be connected to a conventional non-siphonic systems as it will introduce more water than what a conventional non-siphonic system can drain. This will result in occurrence of pressure fluctuations. An attempt to overcome this is to enlarge the diameter of the non-siphonic pipe and design the non-siphonic pipe with 33% filled. However, having pipes of different diameter is unsatisfactory and not economical as the down pipe required in the non-siphonic components must be enlarged for most applications. In most cases the down pipes in the non-siphonic system are required to be enlarged by 3 times or larger based on the guideline given by the code of practice. For example where the siphonic drainage system components are 2" (50mm) and for the siphonic drainage system to connect to a non- siphonic drainage system, the minimum pipe size of the non-siphonic pipes system must be at least 6" (150mm).
-
US 3894302 describes a device for joining horizontal lines from one or more plumbing fixtures, such as toilet, to a vertical stack.US 1582845 describes drainage fittings, in particular, for hanging battery wall toilets.US 3376897 describes a pipe branch piece of a pressure line, which has one pipe leg of large diameter and at least two pipe legs of smaller diameter.US 3346887 describes an aerating connector fitting for use in a sanitary drainage system.JP11071794 JP2001026957 - Therefore, there is a need for a device and system that addresses a problem associated with conventional drainage systems, and in particular to solve the backflow problem in horizontal branches linked into rain water down pipe systems.
- According to a first aspect, there is provided a fluid junction device according to
Claim 1. According to a second aspect, there is provided a method of managing a first fluid flowing from at least two sources and a second fluid from at least one source, the second fluid capable of a negative pressure flow and a positive pressure flow according to Claim 9. - Details of preferred embodiments are provided in the dependent claims.
- The present disclosure describes various aspects that are of interest in the context of the invention, however, the present invention is defined solely by the scope of the claims. Described herein is a fluid junction device for managing a first fluid flowing from at least two sources and a second fluid from at least one source, the second fluid capable of a negative pressure flow and a positive pressure flow, the device comprising the technical features of
independent claim 1. - Further described is a drainage system comprising a plurality of devices according to
claim 1, wherein the output of an upper device in fluid communication with the first port of the lower device. The first port of the upper device is optionally fluidly connected to a siphonic outlet, and each device comprises an escape for the second fluid in either a positive pressure flow or negative pressure flow through the second port of each device. - Also described is a method of managing a first fluid flowing from at least two sources and a second fluid from at least one source, the second fluid capable of a negative pressure flow and a positive pressure flow, the method utilising the junction device according to any of
claims 1 to 6. - In order that the present invention may be fully understood and readily put into practical effect, there shall now be described a plurality of devices by way of non-limitative example only. The description is with reference to the accompanying illustrative drawings. In the drawings:
-
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a conventional gravity rain water down pipe junction when properly designed and working; -
FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the conventional gravity rain water down pipe junction ofFIG. 1 showing a formation of a water plug during pressure fluctuations; -
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of an anti-backflow junction in operation in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the cross- sectional view taken along line A-A ofFIG. 5A ; -
FIG. 4 shows the cross-sectional perspective view ofFIG. 3 having a side port exposed on the second port in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 5A-C show top views of the anti-backflow junction in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 6A and 6B shows cross-sectional views taken along lines B-B and C- C, respectively, of the anti-backflow junction ofFIG. 4 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 7A shows a side elevation view of the anti-backflow junction ofFIG. 4 having a side port in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, andFIG. 7B shows a side elevation view of an anti-backflow junction in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 8 shows a front elevation view of the anti-backflow junction ofFIG. 4 having the second port of the junction with multiple ports in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 9A and 9B show a top view of the anti-backflow junction, and a cross-sectional view of the anti-backflow junction ofFIG. 9A taken along line D-D, respectively; the device according tofigs 9A and 9B is not covered byclaim 1; -
FIG. 10A and 10B show a top view of the anti-backflow junction, and a cross-sectional view of the anti-backflow junction ofFIG. 10A taken along line E-E, respectively; the device according tofigs 10A and 10B is not covered byclaim 1; -
FIG. 11A and 11B show a top view of the anti-backflow junction, and a cross-sectional view of the anti-backflow junction ofFIG. 11A taken along line F-F, respectively; -
FIG. 12A and 12B show a top view of the anti-backflow junction in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, and a cross-sectional view of the anti-backflow junction ofFIG. 12A taken along line G-G in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, respectively; -
FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional view an anti-backflow junction having the first port as a separate unit from the second port and the third port; the device according tofig. 13 is not covered byclaim 1; -
FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional view of a stack system comprising a plurality of anti-backflow junctions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; -
FIG. 15 shows a cross-sectional view of a hybrid siphonic/non-siphonic stack system comprising a plurality of anti-backflow junctions in accordance with an embodiment of the invention; and -
FIG. 16 shows a flow diagram of a method in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. -
FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of ananti-backflow junction device 100 in operation in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.FIG. 4 shows the cross-sectional view of theanti-backflow junction device 100 ofFIG. 3 with perspective view showing aside port 142 exposed on thesecond port 104. The cross-sections ofFIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are taken along the line A-A shown inFIG. 5A of a top view of the anti-backflow junction. The anti-backflow junction device comprises abody 108 with a cavity or passages havingfirst port 102, asecond port 104 and athird port 106. The first port and the second port are in fluid communication with fluid sources (not shown) which may be draining rain water collected from rooftops, balconies, floor wastes, floor outlets, planter drainage and the like. Thebody 108 is configured with a lip ordiverter 112 in the wall that defines anozzle 110 with the sidewall of the body of the junction device along the wall of the first port and the third port opposite the second port. According to the invention, a section of the side wall of the second port forms provides as gradual descent, an escape cut away 114, of the branch to the third port. This cut awaysection 114 maintains the diameter of the pipe size to ensure downward water flow exit from the second port to the third port. Also, between the first port and the second port, asupport 136 is provided to provide added structural support for the second port and make the junction device rigid, however, it will be appreciated that such support may not be necessary or other means of support may be envisaged. - The
diverter 112 is shown in more detail in the top view of the junction device ofFIG. 5A and the cross-sectional views ofFIG. 6A and 6B taken at different cross-sections of theanti-backflow junction device 100 shown inFIG. 4 . Thediverter 112 is a protrusion, ramp, channel, lip, bump, latch, ledge, or the like that extends from wall or within the surface of the first port. The diverter is integral with the side wall extending from the mouth of the first port such that the surface of the side wall is continuous with smooth surfaces. In other embodiments, the diverter may be formed as protrusion, ramp, channel, lip, bump, latch, ledge, or the like having smooth and angled configuration. The diverter is integral with the side wall. - In this embodiment shown in
FIG. 4-6B , the diverter top length extends about half of the circumference of the wall extending around the perimeter of the first port from afirst point 113 to asecond point 115 of the diverter as seen in the top view ofFIG. 5A to the dashedline 128 ofFIG. 4 . The bottom length is the distance frompoint 113 to point 115 around the head of the nozzle in a cross-section (not shown) including thepoint 124 shown inFIG. 4 . The depth of the diverter extends from afirst point 122 and asecond point 124 as shown inFIG. 4 . The diverter is sculpted as shown bychannel 117, and the resultingdiverter width 119 is shown that changes along the length of the diverter. Diverter width is defined by the horizontal distance, relative the central axis of the first port, frompoint 124 to dashedline 128 inFIG. 4 . More specifically, diverter width is the distance from the surface of the diverter that is exposed to the water to the first port wall of the pipe as shown inFIG. 6A andFIG. 4 . InFIG. 4 the dashedline 128 is an extension of thesidewall 126 of the first port by which the width of thediverter 112 may be seen from dashed line to the surface of the diverter exposed to the interior of thejunction device 100. The diverter width is the distance along a radial line diverging from thecentral axis 180 of the first port from the edge of the ledge of thediverter 112 to the side wall extension as shown as dashedline 128 inFIG. 4 of the opening of the first port taken along a desired cross section as shown inFIG. 6A . The depth of the diverter is the vertical distance, relative the central axis of the first port, along the surface of the diverter forming the interior surface of the pipe that extends frompoint FIG. 4 . The length of the diverter is shown inFIG. 5A and extends from thefirst point 113 to asecond point 115. The diverter has configuration such that in operation, thediverter 112 manages to divert the flow of the downward spiraling water entering the mouth of thefirst port 102 as indicated by arrows, and concentrates the flow of water against theopposite wall 111 of thesecond port 104 andthird port 106, forming awater plug 134 at the first port proximate the diverter, between the diverter in theside wall 111 of thejunction device 100 opposite thediverter 112. Thediverter 112 in this embodiment has a sloping, gradient or ramping orientation with respect to the side wall of the first port. In this embodiment thediverter width 119 varies along the length of thediverter 112, and remains constant for the majority of the length at each cross section along the length, however, near the point 113,115 the diverter width is tapered. It will be appreciated that the width of the diverter may vary along either the depth or length or both or remain uniform. The length and/or depth of the diverter may also vary or be uniform along the depth and/or length, respectively. Some variations are shown and discussed in detail below with reference toFIG. 9A-12B . - Since the
side wall 111 of the wall opposite the diverter is continuous, the configuration of theside wall 111 and thediverter 112 form anozzle 110. Thediverter 112 is in a position having the orientation where the first port cross-sectional area is reduced at the tip, atpoint 124, of the diverter forming the nozzle head. Thediverter 112 is designed to reduce the cross-sectional area of the first port within the shortest width and yet has the least resistance to the fluid flow so as to maximize fluid capacity. This desired function is achieved by the shape and angle of thediverter 112 shown. The ratio of distances of the cross-sectional openings of thenozzle head 150, from the opposite wall of thefirst port 111 to thetip 124 of the nozzle head (shown inFIG. 5B ), and the mouth of the first port 102 (shown inFIG. 5C ) is shown. Having the nozzle head opening 152 too small will cause the fluid capacity to be low and not effective. Having the nozzle head opening 150 too small also increases the potential of having the device blocked by foreign items and debris such as leaves, twigs, soil and the like. If thenozzle head opening 150 is too large, the anti-backflow properties and functions will not be effective, and backflow may still occur. The ratio to achieve is a balance between the maximum capacity of the anti-backflow junction device and the effectiveness of the anti-backflow junction device. For example, the ratio for percentage of reduction may be from approximately 10% to 25%. It will be appreciated that the ratio of the opening of the first port and the opening of the nozzle head may vary for specific applications, and may be less than 10% or more than 25%. - Additionally, the junction of the
second port 104 with thefirst port 102 to thethird port 106 as shown is a graduated junction with smooth edges and curves with escape cut awaysection 114. Another function of an embodiment ofsecond port section 114 besides allowing air to escape is to maintain the pipe diameter of the second port. Maintaining the pipe diameter in the second port also helps to prevent blockages by foreign items and debris such as leaves, twigs, soil and the like at the second port. This also allows the overall size of theanti-backflow junction device 100 as small and compact as possible. - In operation, the
anti-backflow fitting 100 provides a controlled situation at the junctions to prevent uncontrolled pressure fluctuation in rain water down pipe systems that may contribute to back flow.FIG. 16 shows a flow diagram of amethod 400 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. The flow ofwater 130 from thefirst source 402 is channeled or diverted bydiverter 112 in the side wall which forms thenozzle 110 that increases the velocity of the flow ofwater 132 downstream of thenozzle 110 and outthird port 106. The first fluid directed from the first port away from thesecond port 404. Theair flow 120 is left clear for the air to escape 406 through thesecond port 104. - The configuration ensures a controlled situation at every junction within the body of the device. The
nozzle 110 formed by thediverter 112 at the junction ensures the formation of thewater plug 134 and therefore ensures that the pressure build up at above the nozzle. The forming of the pressure above thenozzle 110 creates a pressure jet which passes through the nozzle at increased velocity. Pressure is released after thenozzle 110. In a system comprising multiple or a plurality of such anti-backflow fittings, the pressure builds and increases again above the next downstream nozzle. This situation is repeated at every junction and may be predicated and controlled. - The pressure jet that is formed by the
nozzle 110 may cause a high velocity pressure jet that accelerates the water beyond the junction, thereby ensuring a clear air passage at the junction. The anti-backflow fitting works in both negative and positive pressure which is a phenomenon that occurs with water and air flowing in pipes and drainage systems. In most cases the air inside theanti-backflow fitting 100 is forced downwards through the next nozzle together with water traveling at high velocity. In such cases the high velocity pressure jet causes the junction to be under negative pressure. In cases where the discharge is submerged or where the nozzle do not allow sufficient amount of air discharging downwards, the junction of the anti-backflow fitting is under positive pressure. Air escapes through the clear air passage created by the nozzle. - In either positive or negative pressure situations, the configuration of the
anti-backflow fitting 100 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention ensures a clear air passage is maintained at each junction of the anti-backflow fitting, such that water is being prevented from being brought up through the passage by the downward pressure jet. - The
device 100 having this configuration provides predictability and controllability. The flow capacity of the anti-backflow fitting can be determined by physical testing. Empirical testing has shown that a flow rate of 20 I/s without any backflow, whereas conventional junctions experience backflow at as little as 2-3 l/s. Due to the principle that each junction forces the formation and release of pressure, there are no unpredictable pressure fluctuations at the junctions. - The action of the
nozzle configuration 110 increases the velocity of the fluid to jet flush the junction and the entire system. This jet action enables the self-cleansing of the pipe interior and minimizes blockages. - With this configuration, the pressurized system allows a significantly higher flow rate through a pipe as compared to the conventional gravity system.
- It will be appreciated that the junction may be fitted for pipes of any number of dimensions and cross-sections. For example, the ports of the junction may be adapted for a gauge of 3" (75mm) for the first port and 2" (50mm) for the second port, 4" (100mm) for the first port and 3" (75mm) for the second port, and the like. Other gauges or sizes are contemplated for example the 6" (150mm) first port and 4" (100mm) second port, 6" (150mm) first port and 3" (75mm) second port, 4" (100mm) for the first port and 2" (50mm) for the second port, or the like. The ports may be adapted to receive the same or different sized pipes. For example, the first port may be adapted to receive larger dimensioned pipe than the second port and/or the third port. The third port may have a dimension that is equal to the first port and/or second port, or may have a different gauge than the first and second ports. Additionally, the pipes may be tubular and the cross-section of the pipe may be circular or any number of other cross-sections, such as rectangular, square, oval or the like. The thickness of the pipe walls may be any thickness conventionally used, for example, about 2-3mm.
- The
anti-backflow junction device 100 may be manufactured from polyvinyl carbonate (PVC), high density polyethylene (HDPE), hubbless, cast iron, metallic materials and other such materials. The manufacturing process may be by any conventional pipe manufacturing process such as by PVC extrusion or the like. It will be appreciated that the manufacturing process depends on the particular material selected. - In another embodiment, multiple connections to the same anti-backflow fitting are possible, as shown in
FIG. 4 ,5, 6A, 6B ,7A, 7B , and8 .FIG. 7A shows a side elevation perspective view of the anti-backflow junction having aside port 144 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, andFIG. 8 shows a front elevation perspective view of the anti-backflow junction having the second port of the junction with multiple ports in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.FIG. 8 specifically shows at multiple ports at thesecond port 140 havingports FIG. 7B shows a side elevation perspective view of theanti-backflow junction 292 that may be adapted to receive aseparate accessory 294 fitting or pipe that may contain an additional or multiple ports. - Other configurations of the diverter as discussed above with reference to
FIG. 4 are shown inFIG. 9A-12B . For example,FIG. 9A-B , which are not covered by wording ofclaim 1, show adiverter 220 having a configuration that is a protrusion that extends perpendicular to thefirst port wall 222 forming a ledge. In this configuration there is no gradient or sloping of the protrusion relative to the first port wall, or the opposingside wall 224 and the protrusion has a perpendicular orientation with respect to the first port wall. Thediverter 220 protrudes about thefirst port wall 222 having a length from afirst point 223 to asecond point 225 in a straight configuration 227 (not indicated in drawings) edge of the diverter ledge. The diverter is not sculpted and no channel is formed in the diverter, resulting in different diverter width along the length of the diverter. However, this basic diverter configuration still achieves diversion of the water to form the water plug as desired, although in this embodiment higher resistance is observed in operation when the fluid runs through. Also, this configuration reduces the cross-sectional area of the first port, which also lowers drainage capacity. - Additionally, in
FIG. 9A and 9B the junction of thesecond port 104 with thefirst port 102 to thethird port 106 as shown is a graduated junction with smooth edges and angle cut away section in thesecond port section 114. The second port has a horizontal orientation with respect to the first port and third port that have central axis in alignment. -
FIG. 10A and 10B , which are not covered by the wording ofclaim 1, show ananti-backflow junction device 100 having another configuration ofdiverter 230. The diverter in this configuration is more like the diverter shown inFIG. 5, 6A and 6B , thanFIG. 9A and 9B , since the diverter is sculptured resulting in a smaller diverter width that is uniform across the length of the diverter and the surface of the diverter forms a cut away orchannel 236. The diverter extends about half the circumference of the wall forming the first port. Similar to the diverter ofFIG. 9A and 9B , thediverter 230 is a protrusion that extends perpendicular to thefirst port wall 232. In this configuration there is no gradient or sloping of the protrusion relative to thefirst port wall 232 or the opposingside wall 234. The nature of the diverter being perpendicular to the side wall of the pipe also yields an increased resistance to the fluid flow similar to the configuration shown inFIG. 9A and 9B , however the resistance observed is less than the embodiment shown inFIG. 9A and 9B . -
FIG. 11A and 11B show an embodiment of theanti-backflow junction device 100 having another configuration ofdiverter 240. The diverter in this configuration is more like the diverter shown inFIG. 5, 6A and 6B , thanFIG. 9A and 9B orFIG. 10A or 10B , since the diverter is sculptured forming a cut-out or channel 246 resulting in a smaller diverter width that is uniform across the length of the diverter, and the diverter is graduated along the length of the diverter. The diverter extends about half the circumference of the wall forming the first port. The diverter in this embodiment has a sloping, gradient or ramping orientation with respect to the side wall of the first port. This embodiment has a fluid capacity that results from the reduction of the cross-sectional area of the first port that is gradual along the depth of the diverter, i.e. the ratio between the firstport opening mouth 152 and the nozzle head opening 150 atpoint 124 along the depth of the diverter. - Additionally, in
FIG. 11A and 11B the junction of thesecond port 104 with thefirst port 102 to thethird port 106 as shown is a graduated junction with smooth edges and curves with escape cut away 114, with the second port having a vertical orientation. -
FIG. 12A and 12B show another embodiment of theanti-backflow junction device 160 having a double or multiple diverter configurations. Thefirst diverter 162 is shown and is similar to the diverters discussed previously with respect toFIG. 3 to 11B . Thesecond diverter 164 is formed in theside wall 264 opposite thefirst port wall 262 that thefirst diverter 162 protrudes. The water is diverted twice in this configuration to form a water plug and resultingair flow 170 as shown and the water is diverted toward thesecond port wall 268. - Additionally, in
FIG. 12A and 12B the junction of thesecond port 104 with thefirst port 102 to thethird port 106 as shown is graduated junction with escape cut away orgradual part 114 and a sharp edge join between the second and third port walls. Thesecond port 168 is shown with pipe having rectangular cross-section. -
FIG. 12A and 12B show that the first port and third port do not necessarily need to be aligned. The central axis of each of the ports, first, second and third ports 166,168,167 is shown by dashed lines 272,274,276. In this embodiment, the first, second and third ports have central axis that are in misalignment. Thesidewall 264 of the first port is misaligned with thesidewall 266 of the third port. Likewise, thesidewall 268 of thethird port 167 is misaligned with the sidewall of thesecond port 168. Whereas the embodiment shown inFIG. 4 , the first port and third port share a common central axis 180,186 and are concentric. Additionally, inFIG. 4 the central axis of each port 180,184,186 is shown in parallel orientation with each other. The junction between the second port and the third port is in an unparallel orientation as shown inFIG. 4 by dashedlines 182. Of course it will be appreciated that other orientations may be configured, such as the central axis of the first port, central axis of the second port, and central axis of the third port are in parallel or non-parallel orientation and vertical, non-vertical or horizontal alignment or misalignment. -
FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of theanti-backflow junction 280 having thefirst port 282 as a separate unit from thesecond port 284 and thethird port 286. Thefirst port unit 283 has adiverter 283. Thefirst port unit 288 may be fitted or joined with thesecond port unit 284 to form ajunction device 280. Additionally, athird port unit 286 may be fitted or joined to the secondport junction unit 284. In this embodiment thefirst port unit 282 may be a reducer and the secondport junction unit 284 may be a y-tee that are standard in the industry. The units are fitted together and are concentrically aligned as shown by dashedline 288. Thethird port unit 286 may also be a reducer that is standard in the industry. This is also shown in the flow diagram ofmethod 400FIG. 16 as an embodiment in dashedbox 408. It will also be appreciated that the anti-backflow junction device may be adapted to receive aseparate accessory 294 fitting or pipe that may contain an additional or multiple ports as shown and discussed with reference toFIG. 7B . - In another embodiment, a
stack 200 is a drainage system with a plurality ofjunctions 100 connected in a series configuration joined by connectingpiping 202, as shown inFIG. 14 . Thestack 200 is in fluid communication with arainwater outlet 204 andrainwater pipe 214 at the top of the stack and adrain pipe 206 and drain 208 at the bottom of the stack. Thejunction device 100 is in fluid communication withother junction devices 100 in the stack such that the third port of an upper junction device is in fluid communication with the first port of the junction device positioned below the upper junction device. In an embodiment ahorizontal pipe 210 andsource 212 is also in fluid communication with eachjunction device 100. Although it is preferred that all junctions in the stacks be theanti-backflow junctions 100, the inclusion of one or more in a conventional gravity rain water down pipe configuration may improve the system at that junction. It will be appreciated that a stack designed to function with the anti-backflow fitting may be mixed with conventional junctions. This is also shown in the flow diagram ofmethod 400 ofFIG. 16 as an embodiment in dashedbox 410. - Additionally, it will be appreciated that the dimensions of the
anti-backflow junction device 100 may be sized to maximize overall flow rate while remaining within the certified flow rate of the anti-backflow fitting. - It will be appreciated that the anti-backflow fitting may be implemented in a fully conventional gravity RWDP systems, as well as to connect to siphonic and non-siphonic systems. Siphonic systems are drainage systems where the pipes are filled with water and contain no air and exhibit full bore water flow. Typically, in high rise buildings with siphonic drainage systems, the main drainage is completely separate from the drainage of balconies. In an embodiment shown in
FIG. 15 , the junction device allows the combination of both siphonic drainage systems and non-siphonic drainage systems to form ahybrid system 300 without significant enlargement in pipe size that would have been required in the conventional non-siphonic drainage system while controlling the pressure fluctuation and preventing any backflow. The pipe size or gauge may be maintained on either side of thejunction 320. For example in one embodiment the siphonic outlet may be in fluid connection withrainwater pipe 314, and connectingpipe 302 having a gauge or dimension of 2" (50mm), and afterjunction 320 andanti-backflow junction 100 the connectingpipe 302 may have a gauge or dimension of 3" (75mm) where without the anti-backflow junction the connectingpipe 302 would need to be enlarged at least 3 times this size. Of course it will be appreciated that theanti-backflow junction device 100 may have ports ready to receive the different dimensioned pipes at different ports, such thatjunction 320 would not be required. - Whilst there has been described in the foregoing description preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the technology concerned that many variations or modifications in details of design or construction may be made without departing from the present invention defined by the appended claims.
Claims (12)
- A fluid junction device (100) for managing a first fluid flowing from at least two sources and a second fluid from at least one source, the second fluid capable of a negative pressure flow and a positive pressure flow, the device comprising:a body (108) having:a first port (102) adapted for fluid communication with the first fluid from a first source,a second port (104) adapted for fluid communication with the first fluid from a second fluid source,a third port (106) for the discharge of the first fluid received from first and second ports,the body (108) forming a junction between the first port (102) and second port (104) and third port (106),each of the first, second and third ports (102,104,106) having a central axis, the central axes in parallel orientation with each other,a diverter (112) formed in the junction between the first port (102) and the second port (104), the diverter (112) defining a nozzle (110) with a sidewall (111) of the body (108) which sidewall (111) runs along a wall of the first port (102) and a wall of the third port (106) opposite the second port (104),the diverter (112) being configured for diverting the flow of the first fluid from the first source from the first port (102) to the third port (106), said diverter is sculpted by a channel (117) formed on the surface of the diverter; wherein
a section of side wall of the second port (104) has an escape cutaway (114) that provides a gradual descent from the second port (104) to the third port (106), and so forms an escape for the second fluid in either a positive pressure flow or negative pressure flow through the second port (104);
the diverter (112) is integral with a side wall (126) extending from a mouth of the first port (102), such that a surface of the side wall extending from the mouth and the surface of the diverter (112) is continuous with smooth surfaces; the diverter (112) has a surface exposed to water coming from the first port (102), such that the surface is arranged to divert the first fluid in the junction so that a first fluid plug is formed in the proximity of the first port (102) adjacent the nozzle (110); and
the escape cutaway (114) is further configured to maintain a diameter of the second port (104) so that the second fluid escapes from the third port (106) to the second port (104). - The device of claim 1, further including the following properties:the nozzle (110) being configured to increase the pressure and velocity of the discharge flow of the first fluid at the third port (106), so that a jet of the first fluid is formed from the first fluid source;wherein the jet flushes the junction such that a clear passage is formed to allow the second fluid to escape through the second port (104).
- The device of claim 1 or 2, further including one or more of the following properties:the surface of the diverter has a length extending from a first length point (113) in a side wall of the first port along the surface of the diverter (112) to a second length point (115) in the side wall of the first port;the diverter has a uniform width along the length of the diverter;the diverter has a non-uniform width along the length of the diverter;the body (108) further comprises a second diverter (164) formed at the junction there between the first port (166) and the second port (168) for diverting the flow of the first fluid from the first diverter (162) to the third port (167).
- The device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first port (102) has a central axis (180) that is concentrically aligned with a central axis (186) of the third port (106), or concentrally misaligned with a central axis (186) of the third port (106).
- The device of any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first port (102), second port (104) and third port (106) are adapted to receive pipes of various cross-sections such as rectangular, square, oval and the like, the pipe optionally having a circular cross-section.
- The device of any one of the preceding claims, further including one or more of the following properties:the second port (104) comprises multiple side ports (140,142,144) feeding into the second port (104) and adapted for fluid communication with the first fluid from a third fluid source and proximate the second port (104);the body comprises a plurality of side ports adapted for fluid communication with the first fluid from the respective plurality of fluid sources and proximate the second port (104);the first port (282) comprises a first port unit (282), which is optionally a reducer, and the second port (284) comprises a second port unit (284), which is optionally a y-tee, the first port unit (282) and the second port unit (284) being arranged to be connected together;nozzle head opening (150) of the nozzle (110) is 10% to 25% the opening of the first port.
- A drainage system comprising a plurality of devices in accordance with any of the preceding claims forming a stack (200) of devices, the output of an upper device in fluid communication with the first port of the lower device.
- The drainage system of claim 7, wherein the first port of the upper device is fluidly connected to a siphonic outlet.
- A method of managing a first fluid flowing from at least two sources and a second fluid from at least one source, the second fluid capable of a negative pressure flow and a positive pressure flow, the method comprising:receiving the first fluid from a first source and the second fluid from a second source in first (102) and second (104) ports respectively of the fluid junction device (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 7;diverting the flow of the first fluid from the first source from the first port (102) to the third port with the diverter (112) of the fluid junction device (100) whereinthe method further comprises:forming an escape for the second fluid in either a positive pressure flow or negative pressure flow through the second port (104) using the escape cutaway (114) of the fluid junction device (100) so that the second fluid escapes from the third port (106) to the second port (104);diverting water in the junction, using the diverter, so that a first fluid plug (134) is formed in the proximity of the first port (102) adjacent the nozzle (110) defined by the diverter.
- The method of claim 9, further comprising connecting a plurality of said devices forming the stack (200) of devices, the output of an upper device in fluid communication with the first port of a lower device.
- The method of claim 10, further comprising forming an escape for the second fluid in either a positive pressure flow or a negative pressure flow through the second port of each device in the stack of devices.
- The method of any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein diverting the first fluid increases the pressure and velocity of the discharge flow of the first fluid from the first port to the third port.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SG200702177-7A SG146476A1 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2007-03-23 | Junction device, system and method for fluid drainage |
PCT/SG2008/000086 WO2008118099A1 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-03-19 | Junction device, system and method for fluid drainage |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2129840A1 EP2129840A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 |
EP2129840A4 EP2129840A4 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
EP2129840B1 true EP2129840B1 (en) | 2021-01-13 |
Family
ID=39788759
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08724350.7A Active EP2129840B1 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-03-19 | Junction device, system and method for fluid drainage |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2129840B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101688387B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2008230182B2 (en) |
MY (1) | MY166761A (en) |
SG (1) | SG146476A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008118099A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107555389B (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2024-03-15 | 鼎纳科技有限公司 | Pneumatic liquid discharge device |
CN114215984A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-03-22 | 拓荆科技股份有限公司 | Semiconductor equipment and gas conveying structure thereof |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1582845A (en) * | 1923-03-27 | 1926-04-27 | William P Mcarthur | Adjustable drainage fitting for hanging battery wall toilets |
US3346887A (en) * | 1965-02-11 | 1967-10-17 | Anaconda American Brass Co | Sanitary drain system, method, and fittings therefor |
US3376897A (en) | 1967-07-31 | 1968-04-09 | Escher Wyss Ag | Pipe branch piece |
US3894302A (en) * | 1972-03-08 | 1975-07-15 | Tyler Pipe Ind Inc | Self-venting fitting |
DE2707681C3 (en) * | 1976-02-25 | 1980-11-20 | Kubota Ltd., Osaka (Japan) | Deflection tube |
US4162546A (en) * | 1977-10-31 | 1979-07-31 | Carrcraft Manufacturing Company | Branch tail piece |
US4839927A (en) * | 1986-11-14 | 1989-06-20 | Nishihara Engineering Company, Ltd. | Drainage system in multi-story building |
JP2944975B2 (en) | 1998-01-09 | 1999-09-06 | 株式会社クボタ | Drainage collecting pipe |
JP3634152B2 (en) * | 1998-06-18 | 2005-03-30 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | Drainage vertical pipe |
JP2001026957A (en) | 1999-07-16 | 2001-01-30 | Noriatsu Kojima | Drain pipe joint provided with horizontal branch pipe connection part |
CN2851791Y (en) * | 2004-09-06 | 2006-12-27 | 积水化学工业株式会社 | Joint for water drain pipe |
-
2007
- 2007-03-23 SG SG200702177-7A patent/SG146476A1/en unknown
-
2008
- 2008-03-19 AU AU2008230182A patent/AU2008230182B2/en active Active
- 2008-03-19 MY MYPI20091913A patent/MY166761A/en unknown
- 2008-03-19 EP EP08724350.7A patent/EP2129840B1/en active Active
- 2008-03-19 WO PCT/SG2008/000086 patent/WO2008118099A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-03-19 CN CN2008800075195A patent/CN101688387B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2008118099A1 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
SG146476A1 (en) | 2008-10-30 |
CN101688387B (en) | 2012-10-10 |
CN101688387A (en) | 2010-03-31 |
MY166761A (en) | 2018-07-20 |
EP2129840A4 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
AU2008230182A1 (en) | 2008-10-02 |
EP2129840A1 (en) | 2009-12-09 |
AU2008230182B2 (en) | 2014-01-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9732506B2 (en) | Anti-overflow toilet with detachable primary and secondary drain tubes | |
CA1165207A (en) | Flow restrictor | |
EP2129840B1 (en) | Junction device, system and method for fluid drainage | |
US20060096186A1 (en) | Building drainage system | |
CN113700114A (en) | Rain and sewage diverter for vertical pipe of building | |
EP2778303B1 (en) | Anti-siphonic toilet | |
US10087611B2 (en) | Anti-overflow toilet with an internal diverting wall diverting flush water from a secondary drain inlet | |
CN206385741U (en) | A kind of siphon drainge system for building | |
JP2001164624A (en) | Drain system and design method therefor | |
CN211113990U (en) | Frame pipe type sewage intercepting pipeline | |
JP2009197575A (en) | Two-stage type junction joint body structure for vertical drain pipe | |
CN209854868U (en) | Sewage interception and storage regulation system comprising primary rain pipe | |
US20130315668A1 (en) | Building drainage system pipes with improved performance at low flow | |
CN201933604U (en) | Rainwater drainage multi-passage inspection well | |
WO1992014889A1 (en) | Inverted siphon of vacuum type sewerage | |
US11021858B2 (en) | Impact reducer for drainage stacks | |
JP6496230B2 (en) | Backflow prevention device and rice field dam system | |
CN211113991U (en) | Pipe hanging type sewage intercepting pipeline | |
CN211922853U (en) | Serial-type deodorant sewage pipes in bathroom | |
US20070246113A1 (en) | First flush passive flow control valve | |
CN215211450U (en) | Device for preventing drainage vertical pipe of multi-storey building from returning water | |
CN213233171U (en) | Sewage intercepting device and drainage system | |
JP5183616B2 (en) | Pipe for drainage | |
CN211114007U (en) | Energy dissipation structure applied to large ultra-deep drop well | |
AU2009100518B4 (en) | Multi Water Diverter (Improved) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20091006 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HK Ref legal event code: DE Ref document number: 1136328 Country of ref document: HK |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20120418 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: F16L 55/07 20060101ALI20120412BHEP Ipc: E04F 17/00 20060101ALI20120412BHEP Ipc: F16L 41/02 20060101ALI20120412BHEP Ipc: F17D 1/00 20060101ALI20120412BHEP Ipc: F15D 1/04 20060101ALI20120412BHEP Ipc: E03F 3/00 20060101ALI20120412BHEP Ipc: E03C 1/12 20060101AFI20120412BHEP |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20130415 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20200805 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602008063652 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 1353808 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20210215 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 1353808 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20210113 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20210113 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG9D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210414 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210413 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210413 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210513 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210513 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602008063652 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20210331 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20211014 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20210413 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20210319 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20210331 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20210331 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20210319 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20210413 Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20210331 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20211001 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210513 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20210331 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT; INVALID AB INITIO Effective date: 20080319 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20210113 |