EP2129457A2 - Enceinte à paroi de grande épaisseur relative résistant au vide et à la pression - Google Patents
Enceinte à paroi de grande épaisseur relative résistant au vide et à la pressionInfo
- Publication number
- EP2129457A2 EP2129457A2 EP08775627A EP08775627A EP2129457A2 EP 2129457 A2 EP2129457 A2 EP 2129457A2 EP 08775627 A EP08775627 A EP 08775627A EP 08775627 A EP08775627 A EP 08775627A EP 2129457 A2 EP2129457 A2 EP 2129457A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- thickness
- layer
- typically
- forming
- outer layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/006—Processes utilising sub-atmospheric pressure; Apparatus therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/04—Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves
- B01J3/048—Multiwall, strip or filament wound vessels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/08—Vessels characterised by the material; Selection of materials for pressure vessels
- G21C13/087—Metallic vessels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00002—Chemical plants
- B01J2219/00004—Scale aspects
- B01J2219/00015—Scale-up
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/0204—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
- B01J2219/0236—Metal based
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
- B01J2219/025—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties characterised by the construction materials of the reactor vessel proper
- B01J2219/0277—Metal based
- B01J2219/0286—Steel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/19—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor
- B01J2219/194—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round
- B01J2219/1941—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped
- B01J2219/1943—Details relating to the geometry of the reactor round circular or disk-shaped cylindrical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/12—Vessels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of enclosures which form confined spaces within which chemical, physical or physico - chemical transformations are carried out under pressure in the case of reactors, or in which products under pressure are stored.
- Such enclosures form, in particular, reactors used in the chemical, pharmaceutical or petroleum industry or in nuclear power plants.
- Such enclosures may also require a vacuum resistance, given that they may be subjected to at least partial vacuum during a step of said transformations, or, for example, during a stage of maintenance of the enclosures.
- These reactors typically include a cylindrical side wall and curved bottoms.
- the curved bottoms and the side wall are assembled either using mechanical means, for example using flanges, or by welding.
- these enclosures and reactors must also have a high resistance to any type of corrosion especially given the extreme danger presented by leakage in a pressure vessel, typically at a pressure above 50 bar or 5 MPa.
- the applicant has already developed methods for manufacturing plates made of multilayer materials capable of resisting corrosion, as described, for example, in French Patent No. 2,883,006 and in International Applications WO02 / 051576 and WO 03/097230.
- the applicant has formed pregnant or elements of chemical devices by shaping these plates of multilayer metal materials by welding them edge to edge.
- these manufacturing processes ensure an assembly of a thin corrosion-resistant metal coating, for example of the order of 1 mm, on a support of much greater thickness.
- a thin corrosion-resistant metal coating for example of the order of 1 mm
- the thickness of the anticorrosive metal coating can hardly go below 20 mm.
- US Pat. No. 3,140,006 which discloses a pressurized enclosure for storing hydrogen, comprising an outer wall and an inner wall, is also known, said outer wall comprising a plurality of vents, said outer and inner walls comprising no metallurgical bond of so that all the hydrogen diffused through said inner wall can escape through said vents, said inner wall comprising two layers being formed by welding edge to edge of these two layers.
- European Patent No. 0 146 081 which discloses a method of manufacturing a wall portion of an enclosure for containing hydrogen under pressure. In this method, which discloses the manufacture of a multilayer wall element, a low-carbon mild steel inner layer is welded to a base outer layer of chromium steel and then formed by welding.
- Japanese Patent No. 56 017628 discloses a pressure vessel comprising, from the outside to the inside: a) an outer cylinder of carbon steel, b) a multilayer piece formed by a winding of a sheet carbon steel, c) an inner cylinder comprising a carbon steel layer and a corrosion-resistant layer, d) a corrosion-resistant coating forming a layer comprising weld zones with detection holes, on both sides, and other of the welding.
- Plates made of multilayer materials of the prior art do not allow the economical manufacture of large-scale chemical engineering elements, the permanent race towards ever greater productivity leading to a race towards ever more gigantic means of production.
- Making chemical engineering devices such as large pressure and vacuum enclosures or reactors from large plates would be a major problem as it would require the development of specific devices or tools - particularly stamping of very high power - to shape the constituent elements of said enclosure.
- another problem is to be able to manufacture different sizes of speakers, and in particular to have a generic means adapted to present and future evolutions, especially in terms of productivity, because each time corresponds a productivity standard, a production equipment of a given size forming today's standard likely to be obsolete tomorrow.
- the materials capable of ensuring corrosion resistance such as, for example, tantalum, being very hot reactive
- the parts containing these materials must be heat-treated under vacuum, which further increases the cost of such thermal post-treatments. .
- a first object of the invention is a large chamber able to withstand pressure and vacuum, designed so as not to require special means for its manufacture, these speakers can be formed including using. presses, traditional stamping, which presents a. great interest for the manufacturer of such speakers. :,, :
- Another object of the invention is - formed by a manufacturing process which enables de- 1, limit the number of welds and in particular to avoid welds "hard” of the prior art, in particular of avoid edge-to-edge welding of multilayer materials.
- this method makes it possible to limit or even eliminate the heat post-treatments necessary with the methods of the prior art to comply with the requirements of building codes, such as codes
- the subject of the invention is a shaped element of a chemical engineering device capable of withstanding pressure and vacuum, be it a reactor bottom, as developed more in detail in the description, or a wall of an enclosure or other relatively large-sized element of a chemical engineering device.
- the enclosure typically a reactor intended for the implementation of nuclear or chemical reactions, forming a device for storing or transforming products capable of withstanding pressure and vacuum, comprises a typically cylindrical side wall of diameter D at least equal to 1 m, and a bottom, typically of the same diameter D, assembled to said side wall, said side wall. and said bottom being typically metallic.
- said bottom of said enclosure is a rounded bottom
- said rounded bottom forms a multilayer piece of thickness E comprising: b1) a so-called inner layer C1 ensuring a chemical inertia of said convex bottom screw with respect to said products, and typically a resistance to corrosion with respect to said products, b2) and a so-called outer layer C E of thickness E E at least equal to the thickness Ei of said inner layer Ci, of in such a way that said outer layer C E ensures mainly the mechanical strength of said multilayer piece of total thickness E equal to E E + E 1 , and its resistance to pressure
- said inner and outer layers C E E are preferably secured by a said first assembly means so that said inner layer Ci can not deviate from said outer layer C E especially when said enclosure is evacuated
- said inner layer Ci is a multilayer inner layer Ci 'formed of a multilayer material comprising at least one so-called internal Cic layer forming an inner coating of thickness Ei C in
- said inner and outer layers C 1 and C E are preferably secured by a said first assembly means, since there are cases where these inner and outer layers may not be secured, in particular because said inner layer it itself has a sufficient vacuum resistance, or because, under the standard conditions of use of said enclosure, the vacuum is not a high vacuum.
- Figures 1a to 6f relate to the invention.
- Figure la is an axial sectional view of a curved bottom (3 ') of a reactor (1'). In this figure, there is shown in dashed lines a multilayer side wall (2, 2 ') according to the invention.
- FIG. 1b is a view from below of said curved bottom (3 ') or of said piece of external shape (5a) forming said outer layer C E (5) of said curved bottom (3').
- Figures 2a to 2c relate to said inner part (6 ') for forming said inner layer Ci (4) the shaped piece (3).
- Figure 2a is an axial section illustrating the stamping of the inner metal strip (6) with a drawing device (8) to form said inner shape piece (4a).
- Figure 2b is an axial section of the inner shape piece (4a) thus obtained by stamping and cutting the edge.
- FIG. 2c is an enlarged view of the right portion of Figure 2b circled in dashed lines.
- FIG. 2d similar to FIG. 2c, illustrates the case where said inner layer (4) comprises an intermediate layer Cn (43) solidifying the internal C IC and outer C 1 3 layers.
- Figures 3a to 3c relate to another embodiment of said outer form piece (5a) for forming said outer layer C E (5) of the curved bottom (3 ').
- Figure 3a is a bottom view similar to the figure
- FIG. 3b is an axial sectional view along the vertical plane A-A of FIG. 3a in an axial direction.
- Figure 3c is a schematic representation of the shaping of a plane blank (70) cut in an outer band (7) leading, by implementation of a; drawing press (8), not shown and symbolized by an arrow, to a shaped element (51).
- FIGS 4a to 4f illustrate different steps and different methods of the manufacturing method according to the invention.
- FIG. 4a shows a perspective view of a coil of strip material of width L: strip inner (6) or first band (60) or second band
- FIGS. 4b to 4f illustrate the case where the desired diameter D is close to less than the width L of the strip, whereas FIGS. 4b 'to 4f illustrate the case where the strips (60, 61, 7) have been taped together. on board to double the width of the band and get a band
- FIGS. 4b and 4b ' are top views of blanks cut in a strip: blank (6, 60', 61 ', 7') cut in the strip (6, 60, 61, 7) in FIG. 4b, and flan
- FIGS. 4c and 4c ' relate to said first blank
- FIGS. 4f and 4f show the piece of external shape (5a) formed by stamping the outer blanks (7 ', 7'a) of FIGS. 4e and 4e', using a stamping press (8) .
- FIGS. 5a to 5e illustrate a method of manufacturing said inner-form piece (4a) in the case where it is necessary to use strips (62, 63) composed of portions (620, 630) welded together by a weld line ( 621, 631) as illustrated in Figures 4b 'to 4d'.
- Figures 5a to 5c relate to a blank (6 ') in which the blanks (62, 63) have been oriented so that the weld lines (621, 631) are orthogonal.
- Figure 5a is a top view for seeing said first blank (62 ') comprising 2 portions (620) welded by a weld line (621).
- FIG. 5b is a side view showing the end of the weld line (621) of said first blank
- Figure 5c is a side view, oriented at 90 ° with respect to Figure 5b, to see the end of the solder line (631) of said second blank (63').
- Figure 5d is a sectional view showing said shaped piece (4a) obtained by stamping the blank (6 ') of Figures 5a to 5c.
- Figure 5e is an enlarged view of part D surrounded by a circle of Figure 5d.
- Figures 6a to 6f are similar sectional views which illustrate two methods of forming said first assembly means (30) for securing said inner (4) and outer (5) layers.
- said outer layer (5) is a layer composed of a plurality of elements (50) to be welded.
- FIG. 6a represents, before their welding, two elements
- Figure 6b illustrates the first stage of the weld (55) with formation of a first weld layer (550) which secures the inner layer (4) to the elements (50).
- Figure 6c shows, the weld (55) being completed, the multilayer piece portion (3 '') thus obtained. According to a second modality illustrated in FIGS.
- the outer-shaped piece (5a) is disposed in contact with the inner-shaped piece (4a), as shown in FIG. 6d, and provided with a number of bores (56) to the outer layer (41), as shown in Figure 6e, then this bore is filled with solder material, so as to join together the inner layer (4) and outer (5).
- said outer layer C E (5, 5 ') may be an outer layer (5b) comprising a plurality of N elements (50) of thickness E E secured between them by an outer edge-to-edge weld (55), with N typically ranging from 2 to 16.
- said plurality of N elements (50) may be formed of N identical elements (52) secured together by said outer weld (55).
- said plurality of N elements (50) may comprise a central element (53) and N-I identical peripheral elements.
- N elements (50) may be shaped elements (51), typically stamped elements shaped by a stamping press from a strip material (7) of substantially the same thickness E E.
- the number N of elements (50) can be chosen according to the thickness E E of said outer layer
- stamping press (5, 5 '), the number N increasing with the thickness E E , so that said stamping press can be chosen from stamping presses of less than 1500 tons power; these presses are typically "standard" commercial presses.
- said outer layer C E (5, 5 ') may be an outer layer (5c) comprising a single element forming a shaped part monolayer thickness E E.
- the ratio of the thickness E E / E 1 can range from 1 to 20 and preferably from 2 to 10.
- Said thickness E E can range from 15 mm to 100 mm.
- Said thickness Ei can range from 4 mm to 15 mm, and preferably from 5 mm to 10 mm.
- Said inner layer C IC (40) may have a thickness E IC typically ranging from 0.4 mm to 4 mm.
- the ratio of the thicknesses E 1 S / E 1C can range from 2 to 10.
- said first material M IC forming said inner layer C IC (40) can be chosen from: tantalum or a tantalum alloy, titanium, titanium alloys, zirconium, zirconium alloys, alloys nickel base and stainless steels (also called stainless steels).
- said outer layer C E (5, 5') can be formed from a so-called basic material M B , in band (7) of thickness substantially equal to E E , said base material M B being typically selected from steels or stainless steels.
- said second material Mis forming said outer layer (41) may be selected from steels or stainless steels.
- said second material M IS forming said outer layer (41) and said base material M B forming said outer layer (5, 5 ') may preferably be identical.
- said multilayer inner layer Ci '(4') may comprise an intermediate layer Cn (43) solidifying said inner layer Cic (40) with said outer layer C IS (41), said inner multilayer layer Ci ' (4 ') thus forming a multilayer material symbolically represented by C IC / Cn / Ci S , said inner layer C IC (40) being intended to be in contact with said products, said outer layer C IS (41) being secured to said layer external C E (5) through said first assembly means (30).
- Said intermediate layer Cn (43) may preferably be a solder layer (43 ').
- said inner Cic (40) and outer outer C S (41) layers may be co-laminated layers, so as to form said second assembly means (42).
- said internal Cic (40) and external external C 13 (41) layers may be plated or "clad", typically by explosion, so as to form said second assembly means (42).
- said inner layers C 1 (4, 4 ') and outer layers C E (5, 5') can be joined to one another by welding or brazing, so as to form said first assembly means (30).
- said side wall (2) may be a multilayer side wall (2 ') comprising: a) a so-called inner wall layer Ci P (20) similar to said inner layer Ci (4,4' ) comprising said inner layer C IC (40) of said first material M IC ensuring said corrosion resistance, and said outer layer Ci S (41) of said second material M IS forming a support for said inner layer Ci 0 (40) and b) a so-called outer wall layer C EP (21) similar to said outer layer C E (5, 5 ') of said base material M B , of thickness at least equal to the thickness of said inner layer Ci P wall (20), so that said outer wall layer C E p (2L) mainly ensures the strength or mechanical strength of said - side wall (2, 2 ') to pressure or v-ide .
- said bottom (3, 3 ', 3' ') and said side wall (2, 2') can be connected at an angle ⁇ less than 60 °.
- said curved bottom (3 ') may be a conical bottom or a bottom forming a spherical cap of radius of curvature R at least equal to 0.5. D.
- said outer layer C E (5) can be a outer layer C E '(5') formed of a monolayer material having said thickness E E.
- said outer layer C E (5) is an outer layer C E 'formed of a multilayer material having said thickness
- Another object of the invention is a method of manufacturing a bottom (3, 3 ', 3'') of said enclosure (1) according to the invention.
- said first strip (60) or said first blank (60 '), typically flat and of thickness E IC may be a first strip (62) or a first blank (62') consisting of said first flat portions (620) of said first material Mi C assembled by a said first weld (621) edge to edge substantially of the same thickness E IC , so as to obtain a piece of inner shape (4a) large diameter typically greater than 2 m.
- Said second strip (61) or said second blank (61 '), which is typically plane and of thickness E IS, may be a second strip (63) or a second blank (63) consisting of said second planar portions (630) of said second material M ⁇ S assembled through a said second weld (631) edge to edge substantially of the same thickness Ei S , so as to obtain a piece of inner shape (4a) large diameter typically greater than 2 m.
- said outer form piece (5a) can be obtained by direct stamping of said outer strip (7) or said blank (V) of said outer strip (7) with the aid of said stamping press.
- said outer shaped part (5a) can be obtained by:
- said piece of outer shape (5a) can serve as a matrix j for shaping said inner strip (6), so as to form said inner shape piece (6a).
- said outer weld (55) of said N elements comprises a first step with forming a first solder layer (550) also constituting said first joining means (30).
- the pair of thicknesses E E and E ⁇ S can be chosen, with a total thickness E constant and typically increasing the thickness E 13 to the detriment of the thickness E E , so as to, if not avoid, at least limit the number of thermal treatments stressor or annealing said pieces of outer shape (5a) or inner (4a), or said bottom (3).
- the shaping and deformations of materials necessary to form the enclosures (1), and in particular the bottoms (3) cause the formation of stresses in the material used, and on the other hand, the residual stresses present in a material can weaken its durability and corrosion resistance, so that they must be removed, typically; by a post-treatment.
- thermal as provided in the construction standards of said speakers> (1) or reactors (I ').
- Another object of the invention is constituted by a shape element (1 '') of a chemical engineering device typically of an enclosure (1), for example a reactor (1 ') / typically intended for the implementation of chemical reactions, forming a product storage or processing device that can withstand pressure and vacuum. It is characterized in that:
- said shaped element (1 '') has a curvature, with for example a radius of curvature R at least equal to 0.5 m, b) said shaped element (1 '') is a multilayer piece (3) '') of thickness E comprising:
- said outer layer C E (5) is a pressed outer layer (5 '') formed by stamping said outer strip (7) of base material M B , typically monolayer, having said thickness E E
- said inner layer C 1 (4) is a multilayer inner layer Ci '(4') comprising at least one so-called inner layer Ci C (40) forming an inner coating of thickness E IC in a said first material Mi C ensuring said corrosion resistance, and a so-called outer layer C IS (41) of thickness E ⁇ s in a said second material M IS forming a support for said inner layer Ci C , said inner and outer layers Ci C (40) and Ci S (41) being secured by a said second joining means (42), so that said inner layers Ci C (41) and external C ⁇ S (42) can not deviate from each other especially when said chemical engineering device, typically said enclosure (1), is evacuated, f) said shaped element is without edge-to-edge welds, especially for said interlayers C 1 .
- FIG. 1a it illustrates a reactor part (1, 1 ') comprising a hemispherical domed bottom (3, 3') of inner radius R, connected to a multilayer cylindrical side wall (2, 2 ') with a typically small angle ⁇ , the connection between said curved bottom (3, 3') and said wall (2, 2 ') having been shown in this figure schematically.
- This curved bottom (3, 3 ') comprises an inner layer Ci
- This inner layer Ci may be a monolayer or advantageously be a multilayer inner layer C 1 '(4'), examples of multilayer structure being illustrated in FIGS. 2c and 2d.
- This curved bottom (3, 3 ') comprises an outer layer C E
- this outer layer (5, 5 ') has been formed by an assembly of 8 identical elements (50) by so-called outer welds (55), as shown in FIG. each element (50) being an element (51) shaped using a standard power press.
- FIGS. 2a to 2d illustrate the formation of the inner layer (4) by press stamping (8) of a strip material forming said multilayer inner strip (6), more specifically by stamping a blank (6 ') circular cut in said inner strip (6).
- a blank holder (82) compresses the edges of the blank (6 ') against the edge of the die (81-), while the axial force exerted by the punch (80) deforms the central portion of the blank. so that it marries the inner surface of the matrix (81), typically without wrinkles.
- Figure 2b shows the inner shape piece (4a) thus obtained, and Figures 2c and 2d illustrate two typical multilayer structures.
- This inner-form piece (4a) is intended to be subsequently assembled to the outer-shaped piece (5a) forming said outer layer (5, 5 ') / with said first joining means (30).
- FIG. 3a it represents a variant of the modality described in FIG. 1b.
- the outer-shaped part (5a) comprises four identical elements (52) surrounding a central element (53), all these elements being welded together by said outer weld (55).
- FIG. 3c illustrates the fabrication of the form elements (51) forming the elements (52) and (53) by stamping of a flat blank (70) typically cut in said outer strip (7) of thickness E E.
- FIGS. 4a to 4f they schematize several variants of manufacturing processes in two main ways: 4-1) FIGS. 4b to 4f relate to the case where the width of the strip (6, 60 , 61, 7) is sufficient to obtain shaped pieces (4a) and (5a) having the required dimensions. . .
- the strip (6) is a multilayer strip Ci of structure C IC / C IS according to; --2c the figure, structural or CIC / C I I / C according to fig IS '- 2d.
- the band (60) is said first band of material M IC .
- the band (61) is said second band of Mi S material.
- the strip (7) is said outer strip of material M B. 4-2)
- FIGS. 4b 'to 4f relate to the inverse case where the width of the strips (60), (61) and (7) is doubled by means of a longitudinal weld (621, 631, 72).
- Figures 4b and 4b ' respectively represent the blanks (6', 60 ', 61', 7 ') cut in a single strip (6, 60, 61, 7) and the blanks (62 ', 63', 7a ') cut in a doubled width strip (62, 63, 7a).
- FIGS. 4c and 4c ' respectively represent the so-called first blanks (60') and (62 ') made of M IC material of relatively small thickness ensuring the resistance to corrosion.
- FIGS. 4d and 4d respectively represent said second blanks (61') and (63 ') made of material M 13 of greater relative thickness providing the support function for the material M IC .
- said first (60 ', 62') and second (61 ', 63') blanks are not stamped separately, but previously assembled. .
- FIGS. 4e and 4e are relative to : external blanks (7 ') and (7a') in monolayer material f M B , the latter being a blank cut out of a double strip, whereas the corresponding FIGS. and 4f show shaped pieces (5a) or possibly shaped elements (51) obtained by stamping the corresponding outer blanks (7 ') and (7a').
- FIGS. 5a to 5e they illustrate the assembly of said first (60) and second (61) strips, in the case where both said first tape (60) is a first composite tape (62), typically a double tape as illustrated in FIG. 4b ', and wherein said second tape (61) is a first composite tape (63), typically a double tape as illustrated in FIG. Figure 4b '.
- the longitudinal welds (621) and (631) are oriented at 90 °.
- FIGS. 6a to 6f they illustrate two variants of said first assembly means
- the invention makes it possible to economically produce a large variety of loudspeakers or parts of loudspeakers, even in the case of large parts or components. dimension, these speakers having to hold both vacuum and pressure.
- the invention makes it possible to limit the number of welds, in particular to avoid the so-called "difficult" welds of the state of the art and in particular to avoid edge-to-edge welding of multilayer materials.
- this method makes it possible to limit, or even eliminate, particularly with regard to the inner layer, the heat post-treatments necessary with the methods of the prior art to comply with the requirements of the building codes, such as as CODAP or ASME codes.
- the invention makes it possible to limit the thickness of the inner layer to a value that is quite low at the same time in order to reduce the material costs in corrosion-resistant materials and to avoid any expensive heat treatment that is otherwise expensive, for example when, according to the ASME code, the deformation of the neutral fiber exceeds 5%.
- the invention is of very general scope and is suitable for any type of chemical engineering device requiring to withstand pressure and vacuum.
- Layer C E comprising a plurality of elements 50.. 5b
- First band made of M IC material. . . . 60
- First band made up of portions. . . 62 First flan consisting of portions. . . . 62 '
- Second band composed of portions. . . 63 Second portion of flan. . . . 63 '
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Pressure Vessels And Lids Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0701585A FR2913352B1 (fr) | 2007-03-05 | 2007-03-05 | Enceinte a paroi de grande epaisseur relative resistant au vide et a la pression |
PCT/FR2008/000287 WO2008132308A2 (fr) | 2007-03-05 | 2008-03-05 | Enceinte à paroi de grande épaisseur relative résistant au vide et à la pression |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2129457A2 true EP2129457A2 (fr) | 2009-12-09 |
Family
ID=38521608
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08775627A Withdrawn EP2129457A2 (fr) | 2007-03-05 | 2008-03-05 | Enceinte à paroi de grande épaisseur relative résistant au vide et à la pression |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20100092348A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2129457A2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101678294A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2913352B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2008132308A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2486427B (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2013-08-07 | Converteam Technology Ltd | A layered material for a vacuum chamber |
CN103544999B (zh) * | 2012-07-12 | 2016-12-28 | 国核华清(北京)核电技术研发中心有限公司 | 使压水堆堆内熔融物滞留在压力容器中的方法以及用于实施该方法的设备 |
ES2709649T3 (es) * | 2012-09-24 | 2019-04-17 | Borealis Ag | Almacenamiento y transporte de un catalizador para la producción de polímeros de olefina |
CN111545144A (zh) * | 2020-04-03 | 2020-08-18 | 南通三晶玻璃仪器有限公司 | 一种双层玻璃反应釜的制造方法 |
Family Cites Families (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3052021A (en) * | 1956-12-07 | 1962-09-04 | Smith Corp A O | Method of forming a multi-layer head |
FR1198743A (fr) * | 1957-02-06 | 1959-12-09 | Babcock & Wilcox Ltd | Enceintes sous pression et procédé de fabrication de revêtements résistant à la corrosion pour de telles enceintes |
US3140006A (en) * | 1962-09-12 | 1964-07-07 | Shell Oil Co | Pressure vessel for containing hydrogen or mixtures thereof |
US3490638A (en) * | 1966-01-24 | 1970-01-20 | Uniroyal Inc | Radial-filament spheres |
US3423820A (en) * | 1966-03-28 | 1969-01-28 | Hahn & Clay | Method of forming pre-stressed laminated heads |
US3512675A (en) * | 1967-11-24 | 1970-05-19 | Nat Res Dev | Multilayer high pressure vessels |
US3604587A (en) * | 1969-04-07 | 1971-09-14 | Hahn & Clay | Multilayer pressure vessel |
US4252244A (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1981-02-24 | Nooter Corporation | Layered pressure vessel head with machined surfaces |
JPS6012896B2 (ja) * | 1979-07-24 | 1985-04-04 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 多層圧力容器 |
US4538798A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1985-09-03 | Hahn & Clay | Frame for constructing a hemispherical multi-layered shell |
US4398646A (en) * | 1981-11-16 | 1983-08-16 | Hahn & Clay | Multi-layered vessel with discontinuity neutralizing area |
IT1169999B (it) * | 1983-12-14 | 1987-06-03 | Belleli Spa | Procedimento per la realizzazione di un recipiente a pressione con rivestimento anticorrosione e recipiente cosi' ottenuto |
DE8714113U1 (de) * | 1986-11-13 | 1988-01-07 | Kasyco Unternehmensberatungsgesellschaft mbH, 4300 Essen | Druckbehälter |
US6719165B2 (en) * | 2000-08-22 | 2004-04-13 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Apparatus and method for reinforcing a pressure vessel |
ATE318650T1 (de) * | 2002-04-29 | 2006-03-15 | Carbone Lorraine Equipements G | Verfahren zum herstellen eines elementes einer chemischen vorrichtung enthaltend ein metallisches haltewerkstück und metallische antikorrosionbeschichtung |
ITMI20021009A1 (it) * | 2002-05-13 | 2003-11-13 | Snam Progetti | Apparecchiatura a fascio tubiero per processare fluidi corrosivi |
FR2883006A1 (fr) * | 2005-03-09 | 2006-09-15 | Carbone Lorraine Equipements G | Plaques en acier revetues de zirconium et elements de dispositifs chimiques realises avec de telles plaques |
-
2007
- 2007-03-05 FR FR0701585A patent/FR2913352B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-03-05 EP EP08775627A patent/EP2129457A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-03-05 CN CN200880013096A patent/CN101678294A/zh active Pending
- 2008-03-05 WO PCT/FR2008/000287 patent/WO2008132308A2/fr active Application Filing
- 2008-03-05 US US12/529,814 patent/US20100092348A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2008132308A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101678294A (zh) | 2010-03-24 |
US20100092348A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
FR2913352B1 (fr) | 2010-11-12 |
WO2008132308A2 (fr) | 2008-11-06 |
WO2008132308A3 (fr) | 2009-01-08 |
FR2913352A1 (fr) | 2008-09-12 |
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