EP2128874B1 - Équipement électrique isolé avec un fluide diélectrique biodégradable - Google Patents

Équipement électrique isolé avec un fluide diélectrique biodégradable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2128874B1
EP2128874B1 EP07730390.7A EP07730390A EP2128874B1 EP 2128874 B1 EP2128874 B1 EP 2128874B1 EP 07730390 A EP07730390 A EP 07730390A EP 2128874 B1 EP2128874 B1 EP 2128874B1
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Prior art keywords
electrical equipment
equipment according
dielectric fluid
content
oil
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EP07730390.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2128874A4 (fr
EP2128874A1 (fr
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Alberto Sanchez De Lema
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/20—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils
    • H01B3/22—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances liquids, e.g. oils hydrocarbons
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H01F27/125—Cooling by synthetic insulating and incombustible liquid

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of the insulation and cooling of electrical systems, it specifically relates to electrical equipment comprising a biodegradable dielectric fluid that is highly resistant to oxidation consisting of an oil or a mixture of vegetable oils with a very high oleic acid content which substantially conserve all their natural tocopherols and containing a metal deactivator.
  • Dielectric fluids which are used in the electrical industry generally consist of gases or liquids the most important mission of which is to achieve the electrical insulation between live parts, as well as to serve as a cooling means.
  • the liquids which are used as dielectric media can have different origins.
  • the liquids most used as a dielectric fluid are mineral oils derived from petroleum.
  • mineral oils derived from petroleum.
  • the considerable use of mineral oils is due to their low cost and easy availability, as well as to their dielectric properties, cooling properties, to the low viscosity at high temperatures and to their excellent behavior at very low temperatures.
  • they have a high oxidation stability.
  • mineral oils involve the drawback that due to their chemical composition, their biodegradability is very low, whereby a spillage of said oil can cause damage in the ecosystem and can remain in the environment for many years.
  • mineral oils have a high combustion power and have a very low fire point, whereby they involve a high risk in the event of fire and/or explosion.
  • a recognized safety option is to substitute mineral oils with less inflammable or non-inflammable liquids.
  • the less inflammable liquids must have a fire point equal to or greater than 300oC.
  • dielectric liquids with a high fire point such as for example silicone oils, high molecular weight hydrocarbons (HMWHs) or synthetic esters are occasionally used.
  • silicone oils and high molecular weight hydrocarbons (HMWHs) are characterized, like mineral oils, by their null or low biodegradability. Likewise, all these liquids have a higher cost than that of mineral oils.
  • Natural esters are obtained from oils with a plant origin through suitable refining and purification processes.
  • Vegetable oils are essentially made up of triacylglycerols and of other components in a lower proportion such as for example monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, phosphatides, sterols, oil-soluble vitamins, tocopherols, pigments, waxes, long-chain alcohols etc.
  • Triacylglycerols occurring in vegetable oils are triesters formed by three fatty acids chemically bonded to glycerin.
  • the general formula of a triacylglycerol is: wherein R, R I , R II can be the same or different fatty acids normally with C 14 to C 22 carbon chains and with unsaturation levels of 0 to 3.
  • the main differences between the different vegetable oils are caused by the different fatty acid contents present in the composition of their triacylglycerols.
  • fatty acids including myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, eicosenoic, behenic acid, erucic, palmolitic, docosadienoic, lignoceric, tetracosenoic, margaric, margaroleic, gadoleic, caprylic, capric, lauric, pentadecanoic and heptadecanoic acids. They differ from one another by the number of carbon atoms and by the number of unsaturations (carbon-carbon double bonds).
  • the three fatty acids in a triacylglycerol molecule can all be the same or can be two or three different fatty acids.
  • the fatty acid composition of triacylglycerols varies between plant species and less between strains of a particular species.
  • the vegetable oils derived from a single strain essentially have the same fatty acid composition in their triacylglycerols.
  • Each triacylglycerol has unique properties depending on the fatty acids that it contains. For example, some triacylglycerols are more susceptible to oxidation than others.
  • the freezing point (or minimum pour point) of vegetable oils is a property to be taken into account.
  • the freezing point defines the temperature at which a liquid passes to the solid state, with the consequent loss of cooling properties.
  • ASTM D6871-03 the freezing point must be -10oC at most. It is therefore important for the dielectric fluid to be based on vegetable oils ensuring that it remains as a flowing liquid even when the dielectric fluid is subjected to moderately low temperatures (less than -15oC).
  • Additives are usually used to reduce the freezing point and achieve dielectric liquids that are more resistant to the low temperatures.
  • additives such as PMA (polymethacrylate), oligomers and polymers of polyvinyl acetate and/or acrylic oligomers and polymers, diethylhexyl adipate, polyalkylmethacrylate have been used.
  • PMA polymethacrylate
  • oligomers and polymers of polyvinyl acetate and/or acrylic oligomers and polymers, diethylhexyl adipate, polyalkylmethacrylate have been used.
  • Vegetable oils are normally susceptible to polymerization when they are exposed to oxygen. The exposure to oxygen activates the non-saturated bonds present in the fatty acids of the triacylglycerols of the oils, causing oxidative polymerization of the oil, with potentially adverse effects on the properties of the actual dielectric fluid. Their susceptibility to oxidation is an important obstacle to their use as a dielectric.
  • the problem of the oxidation of oils has usually been solved by means of adding synthetic antioxidant oils such as BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), TBHQ (tertiary butylhydroquinone), THBP (tetrahydrobutrophenone), ascorbyl palmitate (rosemary oil), propyl gallate etc.
  • synthetic antioxidant oils such as BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), TBHQ (tertiary butylhydroquinone), THBP (tetrahydrobutrophenone), ascorbyl palmitate (rosemary oil), propyl gallate etc.
  • BHA butylated hydroxyanisole
  • BHT butylated hydroxytoluene
  • TBHQ tertiary butylhydroquinone
  • THBP tetrahydrobutrophenone
  • ascorbyl palmitate rosemary
  • the inventors of the present invention propose electrical equipment comprising a dielectric liquid providing an alternative technical solution to the problem of oxidation and providing very advantageous features to the liquid for its application as an insulator and coolant of electrical apparatuses.
  • Tocopherols in addition to being substantially biodegradable, are substances which are naturally present in the composition of oils and which have important antioxidant properties. There are four types of tocopherols, ⁇ -, ⁇ -, ⁇ - and ⁇ -tocopherol, having different antioxidant power and which are present in different proportions depending on the type of vegetable oil and on the variety from which it is obtained.
  • the inventors of the present invention provide the incorporation of metal deactivators such as derivatives of triazole, of benzotriazole, of dimercaptothiadiazole, etc
  • a first object of the invention is electrical equipment for an electric power distribution network comprising a vat or envelopment integrating one or more electrical elements insulated in a biodegradable dielectric fluid free of added antioxidant additives, synthetic or not, comprising an oil or a mixture of vegetable oils with an oleic acid (C18:1) content greater than 75%, a natural tocopherol content greater than 200 ppm and incorporating a metal deactivator additive in a proportion less than 1% by weight.
  • a vat or envelopment integrating one or more electrical elements insulated in a biodegradable dielectric fluid free of added antioxidant additives, synthetic or not, comprising an oil or a mixture of vegetable oils with an oleic acid (C18:1) content greater than 75%, a natural tocopherol content greater than 200 ppm and incorporating a metal deactivator additive in a proportion less than 1% by weight.
  • the second object of the invention is a method for insulating and cooling electrical elements in a power distribution network comprising submerging or enveloping said electrical elements in a biodegradable dielectric fluid free of synthetic antioxidant additives added thereto comprising an oil or a mixture of vegetable oils with an oleic acid (C18:1) content greater than 75%, with a natural tocopherol content greater than 200 ppm and a metal deactivator additive in a proportion less than 1%.
  • the invention relates in the first place to electrical equipment for an electric power distribution network comprising a vat or envelopment integrating one or more electrical elements insulated in a biodegradable dielectric fluid free of synthetic antioxidant additives added thereto comprising an oil or a mixture of vegetable oils with an oleic acid (C18:1) content greater than 75%, characterized by having a natural tocopherol content greater than 200 ppm and a metal deactivator additive in a proportion less than 1 %.
  • a vat or envelopment integrating one or more electrical elements insulated in a biodegradable dielectric fluid free of synthetic antioxidant additives added thereto comprising an oil or a mixture of vegetable oils with an oleic acid (C18:1) content greater than 75%, characterized by having a natural tocopherol content greater than 200 ppm and a metal deactivator additive in a proportion less than 1 %.
  • the natural tocopherol content of the fluid is greater than 300 ppm and in an even more preferred embodiment it is greater than 400 ppm.
  • the oleic acid content of the oil or vegetable oils making up the dielectric fluid is greater than 80% and in an even more preferred embodiment said content is greater than 90%.
  • the dielectric fluid since in electrical equipment the dielectric liquids are usually in contact with metals, the dielectric fluid includes as an additive a metal deactivator to prevent copper or another metal in contact with the oil from acting as a catalyst of the oxidation reactions thereof. Therefore, it is suitable to include in the composition of the dielectric liquid a metal deactivator such as for example any derivative of triazole, of benzotriazole or of dimercaptothiadiazole.
  • the dielectric fluid incorporated in the electrical equipment of the invention preferably comprises:
  • Oils or mixtures of sunflower, rapeseed, soybean, cotton, jojoba, safflower, olive or olive-pomace oils with a high oleic content are especially suitable for their use as a dielectric fluid in the context of the present invention, although the preferred embodiment of the invention involves the use of high oleic sunflower oil.
  • These oils in addition to high oleic acid levels, naturally have a large amount of tocopherols which are mostly lost in normal refining processes.
  • the refining of said oils according to methods capable of conserving their natural tocopherols to a great extent contributes to these oils being very suitable for their use as dielectric fluids without the risk of oxidation thereof.
  • the methods described in patent US 5928696 allow obtaining oils with tocopherol concentrations greater than 400 ppm and with low phosphatide, free fatty acid and wax contents.
  • the oil or oils resulting from the mentioned methods can be subjected to a subsequent vacuum distillation process, using a combination of heat and vacuum, to eliminate most of their moisture.
  • the dehumidification of the oil is necessary due to the fact that the oil can have an initial moisture level making it unsuitable to be used as a dielectric liquid.
  • the vegetable oil is thus processed for the purpose of eliminating the excessive moisture to a level less than 50 ppm.
  • the oils thus obtained are characterized by having induction times longer than 25 hours in the Rancimat test (EN 14112) and a biodegradability index greater than 99% after 21 days (CEC-L-33-A-93).
  • dielectric fluids with a high quality and excellent yield satisfying or exceeding the safety standards and which in turn are not toxic, are harmless to the environment and have a lower cost than other dielectric fluids are achieved by using the mentioned oils or their mixtures.
  • the dielectric fluid incorporated to the apparatus of the invention can further have additional additives depending on the type of application to which it is going to be subjected.
  • the electrical equipment of the invention can be switchgear and/or protection cubicles, transformers, self-protected transformers with current-limiting fuses or transformation centers with multiple switchgear elements and multiple protection devices.
  • the second aspect of the invention relates to a method for insulating and cooling electrical elements in an electric power distribution network comprising submerging or enveloping said electrical elements in a biodegradable electrical fluid free of synthetic antioxidant additives added thereto comprising an oil or mixture of vegetable oils with an oleic acid (C18:1) content greater than 75%, with a natural tocopherol content greater than 200 ppm and a metal deactivator additive in a proportion less than 1%.
  • a biodegradable electrical fluid free of synthetic antioxidant additives added thereto comprising an oil or mixture of vegetable oils with an oleic acid (C18:1) content greater than 75%, with a natural tocopherol content greater than 200 ppm and a metal deactivator additive in a proportion less than 1%.
  • a preferred example of the invention consists of a transformer in which a dielectric liquid with the following composition is included as an insulator and coolant: Sunflower oil with a high oleic acid content with: a) natural tocopherols ppm ⁇ -tocopherol 402.0 ⁇ -tocopherol 17.1 ⁇ -tocopherol 8.6 ⁇ -tocopherol Total 427.7 b) triacylglycerols, with the following fatty acid composition % C16:0 ⁇ 4.0 C18:0 ⁇ 2.5 C18:1 > 90 C18:2 ⁇ 3.5 C18:3 ⁇ 1.0 c) 5000 ppm of a metal deactivator additive derived from dimercaptothiadiazole (Additin RC 8210 of Rhein Chemie) corresponding to less than 1% by weight of the total of the composition.
  • a metal deactivator additive derived from dimercaptothiadiazole
  • the dielectric liquid with the composition indicated above has the following properties: Property Value Water content ⁇ 50 ppm Dielectric strength > 40 kV ignition pt. > 350oC flash pt. (open cup) > 300oC freezing pt. ⁇ -15oC oxidation stability > 25 hours - Rancimat EN14112 (110oC, 10L/h air) oxidation stability > 6.5 hours - Rancimat EN14112 (110oC, 10L/h air) with copper(*)
  • the pour point in places where the electrical equipment is subjected to extremely low temperatures, can be further reduced by adding an additive to the oil to obtain a lower freezing point.
  • an additive which are compatible with vegetable oils, such as for example the product known as Viscoplex 10-310, can thus be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Equipement électrique pour un réseau de distribution d'énergie électrique comprenant une cuve ou un enveloppement intégrant un ou plusieurs éléments électriques isolés dans un fluide diélectrique biodégradable exempt d'additifs antioxydants synthétiques ajoutés à celui-ci comprenant une huile ou un mélange d'huiles végétales ayant une teneur en acide oléique (C18:1) supérieure à 75%, une teneur en tocophérol naturel supérieure à 200 ppm et un additif désactivateur de métaux dans en proportion inférieure à 1%.
  2. Equipement électrique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le fluide diélectrique comprend une huile ou un mélange d'huiles ayant une teneur en acide oléique (C18:1) supérieure à 80%.
  3. Equipement électrique selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le fluide diélectrique comprend une huile ou un mélange d'huiles ayant une teneur en acide oléique (C18:1) supérieure à 90%.
  4. Equipement électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en tocophérol naturel du fluide électrique est supérieure à 300 ppm.
  5. Equipement électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la teneur en tocophérol naturel du fluide diélectrique est supérieure à 400 ppm.
  6. Equipement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le fluide diélectrique a un point d'inflammation supérieur à 350°C.
  7. Equipement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le fluide diélectrique comprend une huile ou des huiles végétales, comprenant :
    a) une teneur en acide linoléique (C18:2) inférieure à 3,5%
    b) une teneur en acide linolénique (C18:3) inférieure à 1%
    c) une teneur en acide palmitique (C16:0) inférieure à 4%
    d) une teneur en acide stéarique (C18:0) inférieure à 2,5%
  8. Equipement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le fluide diélectrique comprend un additif permettant de réduire le point de congélation.
  9. Equipement électrique selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'additif est du type polyalkylméthacrylate.
  10. Equipement électrique selon les revendications 8 et 9, caractérisé en ce que le fluide diélectrique a un point de congélation inférieur ou égal à -18°C.
  11. Equipement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le désactivateur de métaux du fluide diélectrique est un dérivé de triazole, de benzotriazole ou de dimercaptothiadiazole.
  12. Equipement électrique selon la revendication 11, dans lequel le désactivateur de métaux est un dérivé de dimercaptothiadiazole.
  13. Equipement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'huile ou le mélange d'huiles végétales du fluide diélectrique peut être l'huile de tournesol, de colza, de soja, de coton, de jojoba, de carthame, d'olive ou de pulpe d'olive ayant une forte teneur en acide oléique.
  14. Equipement électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes choisi parmi des armoires de protection et/ou d'appareillages de commutation, de transformateurs, de transformateurs auto-protégés ayant des fusibles limiteurs de courant ou des centres de transformation ayant de multiples éléments de commutation et de multiples dispositifs de protection.
  15. Procédé d'isolement et de refroidissement d'éléments électriques dans un réseau de distribution d'énergie comprenant le fait d'immerger ou d'envelopper lesdits éléments électriques dans un fluide diélectrique biodégradable exempt d'additifs antioxydants synthétiques ajoutés à celui-ci comprenant une huile ou un mélange d'huiles végétales ayant une teneur en acide oléique (C18:1) supérieure à 75%, une teneur en tocophérol naturel supérieure à 200 ppm et un additif désactivateur de métaux en une proportion inférieure à 1%.
EP07730390.7A 2007-03-16 2007-03-16 Équipement électrique isolé avec un fluide diélectrique biodégradable Active EP2128874B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07730390T PL2128874T3 (pl) 2007-03-16 2007-03-16 Urządzenie elektryczne izolowane płynem dielektrycznym ulegającym degradacji biologicznej

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2007/000149 WO2008113866A1 (fr) 2007-03-16 2007-03-16 Équipement électrique isolé avec un fluide diélectrique biodégradable

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2128874A1 EP2128874A1 (fr) 2009-12-02
EP2128874A4 EP2128874A4 (fr) 2012-08-08
EP2128874B1 true EP2128874B1 (fr) 2013-04-24

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EP07730390.7A Active EP2128874B1 (fr) 2007-03-16 2007-03-16 Équipement électrique isolé avec un fluide diélectrique biodégradable

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP2128874B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2423480T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL2128874T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT2128874E (fr)
WO (1) WO2008113866A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102365343B (zh) * 2009-03-27 2016-08-03 纳幕尔杜邦公司 介电传热流体
CA2785645C (fr) * 2009-12-28 2017-03-14 Dow Global Technologies Llc Fluide dielectrique a base d'huile d'algues pour composants electriques
IT1403878B1 (it) 2011-02-14 2013-11-08 A & A Flii Parodi Srl Fluido dielettrico vegetale per trasformatori elettrici
US9011733B2 (en) * 2011-12-21 2015-04-21 Joan Lynch Dielectric fluids compositions and methods

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE181745T1 (de) * 1994-08-16 1999-07-15 Frische Gmbh Verfahren zur gewinnung von nicht wasserlöslichen, nativen produkten aus nativen stoffgemengen mit hilfe der zentrifugalkraft
US6037537A (en) 1995-12-21 2000-03-14 Cooper Industries, Inc. Vegetable oil based dielectric coolant
US6398986B1 (en) 1995-12-21 2002-06-04 Cooper Industries, Inc Food grade vegetable oil based dielectric fluid and methods of using same
US6280659B1 (en) 1996-03-01 2001-08-28 David W. Sundin Vegetable seed oil insulating fluid
US6312623B1 (en) * 1996-06-18 2001-11-06 Abb Power T&D Company Inc. High oleic acid oil compositions and methods of making and electrical insulation fluids and devices comprising the same
US5949017A (en) * 1996-06-18 1999-09-07 Abb Power T&D Company Inc. Electrical transformers containing electrical insulation fluids comprising high oleic acid oil compositions
US6340658B1 (en) 1998-05-11 2002-01-22 Wavely Light And Power Vegetable-based transformer oil and transmission line fluid
JP2000090740A (ja) 1998-09-14 2000-03-31 Kansai Tech Corp エステル系電気絶縁油及びその製造法並びに電気機器
JP2005317259A (ja) 2004-04-27 2005-11-10 Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co Ltd 電気絶縁油を用いた電気機器及び油入変圧器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL2128874T3 (pl) 2013-12-31
ES2423480T3 (es) 2013-09-20
PT2128874E (pt) 2013-08-01
EP2128874A4 (fr) 2012-08-08
WO2008113866A1 (fr) 2008-09-25
EP2128874A1 (fr) 2009-12-02

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