EP2128117A2 - Modifier for explosives - Google Patents
Modifier for explosives Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2128117A2 EP2128117A2 EP07861028A EP07861028A EP2128117A2 EP 2128117 A2 EP2128117 A2 EP 2128117A2 EP 07861028 A EP07861028 A EP 07861028A EP 07861028 A EP07861028 A EP 07861028A EP 2128117 A2 EP2128117 A2 EP 2128117A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- modifier
- composition
- formula
- acid
- cooh
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 99
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 157
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitramide Chemical class N[N+]([O-])=O SFDJOSRHYKHMOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- AGUIVNYEYSCPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methyl-N-picrylnitramine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N(C)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O AGUIVNYEYSCPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 nitroisobutyl glycerinetrinitrate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 7
- TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(CO[N+]([O-])=O)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O TZRXHJWUDPFEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium oxalate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O VBIXEXWLHSRNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VBEGHXKAFSLLGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-phenylnitramide Chemical class [O-][N+](=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 VBEGHXKAFSLLGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004971 nitroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O SPSSULHKWOKEEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JWQFKVGACKJIAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(CC=2C=C(C(O)=CC=2)C(O)=O)=C1 JWQFKVGACKJIAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical class [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- LYAGTVMJGHTIDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCOCCO[N+]([O-])=O LYAGTVMJGHTIDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CFYAUGJHWXGWHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-2,4,6-trinitroaniline Chemical compound CNC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O CFYAUGJHWXGWHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005181 nitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000026 Pentaerythritol tetranitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- IDNUEBSJWINEMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl nitrate Chemical compound CCO[N+]([O-])=O IDNUEBSJWINEMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound O=N(=O)OCCON(=O)=O UQXKXGWGFRWILX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DGMJZELBSFOPHH-KVTDHHQDSA-N mannite hexanitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OC[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O DGMJZELBSFOPHH-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001765 mannitol hexanitrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl nitrate Chemical compound CO[N+]([O-])=O LRMHVVPPGGOAJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004321 pentaerithrityl tetranitrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- PSXCGTLGGVDWFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OC(C)CO[N+]([O-])=O PSXCGTLGGVDWFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JCMBWDZBURXGMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,6-trinitronaphthalene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C21 JCMBWDZBURXGMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HJRJRUMKQCMYDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C(Cl)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 HJRJRUMKQCMYDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitroguanidine Chemical compound NC(=N)N[N+]([O-])=O IDCPFAYURAQKDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IAHOUQOWMXVMEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitroaniline Chemical compound NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O IAHOUQOWMXVMEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GGGVOOMKPJYWDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitroxylene Chemical group CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C)=C1[N+]([O-])=O GGGVOOMKPJYWDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- JHGWQSGWUPCKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-tert-butyl-4-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene Chemical compound CC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1[N+]([O-])=O JHGWQSGWUPCKNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QTYYIZYAWHBAHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-amino-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-2,4,6-trinitroaniline Chemical group NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C=2C(=C(N)C(=CC=2[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O QTYYIZYAWHBAHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SSZWWUDQMAHNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol Chemical compound OCC(O)CCl SSZWWUDQMAHNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UATJOMSPNYCXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 UATJOMSPNYCXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010338 boric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002645 boric acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940105990 diglycerin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XMWRWTSZNLOZFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N musk xylene Chemical compound CC1=C(N(=O)=O)C(C)=C(N(=O)=O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1N(=O)=O XMWRWTSZNLOZFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BUGRLMJGTJHURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-n-methylnitramide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N(C)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O BUGRLMJGTJHURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IQEJEZOCXWJNKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-2,4-dinitroaniline Chemical compound CNC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O IQEJEZOCXWJNKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QTXRAUAAUYMDLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-n-(4-nitrophenyl)nitramide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N(C)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 QTXRAUAAUYMDLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N picric acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O OXNIZHLAWKMVMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- IXHMHWIBCIYOAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N styphnic acid Chemical compound OC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O IXHMHWIBCIYOAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- JDFUJAMTCCQARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tatb Chemical class NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(N)=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(N)=C1[N+]([O-])=O JDFUJAMTCCQARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000005190 tetranitrobenzenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HSYGKEBJFKQOLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trinitroethane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C(C)([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O HSYGKEBJFKQOLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LKKHEZBRRGJBGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-dinitroethane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C(C)[N+]([O-])=O LKKHEZBRRGJBGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UXGRXJVMQSSUGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dinitroethane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CC[N+]([O-])=O UXGRXJVMQSSUGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- LIPDUIOSIFXENT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-triazido-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=C(N=[N+]=[N-])C([N+]([O-])=O)=C(N=[N+]=[N-])C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1N=[N+]=[N-] LIPDUIOSIFXENT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FZAZPMLWYUKRAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3-diamine Chemical compound NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(N)=C1[N+]([O-])=O FZAZPMLWYUKRAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FMXDVBRYDYFVGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene Chemical compound COC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O FMXDVBRYDYFVGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SLAMLWHELXOEJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O SLAMLWHELXOEJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- AFPHTEQTJZKQAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 AFPHTEQTJZKQAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- OTLNPYWUJOZPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 OTLNPYWUJOZPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims 1
- NYTOUQBROMCLBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetranitromethane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O NYTOUQBROMCLBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- NSGHSKHYRLWFOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)(O)[O-].[N+](=O)(O)[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])N.C(C)O.C(C)O Chemical compound [N+](=O)(O)[O-].[N+](=O)(O)[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])N.C(C)O.C(C)O NSGHSKHYRLWFOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CCAKQXWHJIKAST-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanitroethane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)([N+]([O-])=O)C([N+]([O-])=O)([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O CCAKQXWHJIKAST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- CMUOJBJRZUHRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrourea Chemical compound NC(=O)N[N+]([O-])=O CMUOJBJRZUHRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GEVPUGOOGXGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalic acid;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.OC(=O)C(O)=O GEVPUGOOGXGPIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 47
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000004072 triols Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 29
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 17
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 15
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 11
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 229940079938 nitrocellulose Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 239000000028 HMX Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octogen Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 7
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002913 oxalic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004451 Ballistite Substances 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N (2r,4r,4as,6as,6as,6br,8ar,12ar,14as,14bs)-2-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1h-picen-3-one Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@]2(C)CC[C@@]34C)C(C)(C)CC[C@]1(C)CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]4CC[C@@]1(C)[C@H]3C[C@@H](O)C(=O)[C@@H]1C DSEKYWAQQVUQTP-XEWMWGOFSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerol trioctadecanoate Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCXXMTOCNZCJGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000566515 Nedra Species 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical class OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical class [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 0 *c1c(*)c(*)c(*)c(*)c1* Chemical compound *c1c(*)c(*)c(*)c(*)c1* 0.000 description 2
- UUFQTNFCRMXOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylmethylene Chemical compound C[CH] UUFQTNFCRMXOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SWHSXWLSBBYLGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-carboxyphenoxy)methoxy]benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1OCOC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O SWHSXWLSBBYLGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- BMNNCORBZVSBCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-acetyloxy-3-(2-diazonioazanidylethoxy)propyl]-diazonioazanide Chemical compound N#[N+][N-]CC(OC(=O)C)COCC[N-][N+]#N BMNNCORBZVSBCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N centralite Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CC)C(=O)N(CC)C1=CC=CC=C1 PZIMIYVOZBTARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEGDXTZGFNIKIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methylnitramide;2,4,6-trinitroaniline Chemical compound CN[N+]([O-])=O.NC1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O XEGDXTZGFNIKIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PQMFVUNERGGBPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6-bromopyridin-2-yl)hydrazine Chemical compound NNC1=CC=CC(Br)=N1 PQMFVUNERGGBPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADCBKYIHQQCFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diphenylurea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ADCBKYIHQQCFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOPDRZXCEAKHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentoxypentane Chemical compound CCCCCOCCCCC AOPDRZXCEAKHHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISAUJOBISNRRDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3-diamine 1,3,5-trinitrocyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diamine Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])C1(C(C(=CC(=C1)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])N)N.NC1=C(C(=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])N)[N+](=O)[O-] ISAUJOBISNRRDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAXYUPADWNBTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene 1,3,5-tris(nitromethoxy)benzene Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)OC[N+](=O)[O-])OC[N+](=O)[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])C1=C(C(=CC(=C1)[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])OC LAXYUPADWNBTPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GYZVCMCORBRKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O GYZVCMCORBRKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXVONLUNISGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,6-dinitro-o-cresol Chemical group CC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1O ZXVONLUNISGICL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFGBASCJBKZGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 HFGBASCJBKZGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JOQGEBMSBJGSPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N CN(C1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-].CN(C1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-] Chemical group CN(C1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-].CN(C1=C(C=C(C=C1[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-] JOQGEBMSBJGSPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001649081 Dina Species 0.000 description 1
- USXDFAGDIOXNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulminate Chemical compound [O-][N+]#[C-] USXDFAGDIOXNML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLOYPCWZSNUJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N+](=O)([O-])C=1C=C(C(=O)O)C=CC1.[N+](=O)([O-])C=1C=C(C(=O)O)C=CC1 Chemical group [N+](=O)([O-])C=1C=C(C(=O)O)C=CC1.[N+](=O)([O-])C=1C=C(C(=O)O)C=CC1 DLOYPCWZSNUJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMYKJLXRRQTBOR-BZSNNMDCSA-N acetylleucyl-leucyl-norleucinal Chemical compound CCCC[C@@H](C=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(C)=O FMYKJLXRRQTBOR-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CCQWTIRNFJARSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;nitramide Chemical compound CCO.CCO.N[N+]([O-])=O CCQWTIRNFJARSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- XIFJZJPMHNUGRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-methyl-4-nitroaniline Chemical compound CNC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XIFJZJPMHNUGRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- XCLCNOZHRSZVCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxysine Natural products COC1CC(OC2C(C)OC(OC3C(C)OC(CC3OC)OC4C(O)CC(OC5CCC6(C)C7CCC8(C)C(CCC8(O)C7CC=C6C5)C(C)O)OC4C)C(O)C2OC)OC(C)C1O XCLCNOZHRSZVCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical compound C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VXPCQISYVPFYRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N profenamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.C1=CC=C2N(CC(C)N(CC)CC)C3=CC=CC=C3SC2=C1 VXPCQISYVPFYRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002760 rocket fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002277 temperature effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000844 transformation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IPPYBNCEPZCLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane trinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(C)(CO[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O IPPYBNCEPZCLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000015 trinitrotoluene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/006—Stabilisers (e.g. thermal stabilisers)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
- C06B23/005—Desensitisers, phlegmatisers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The proposed invention relates to modifiers from the range of organic and inorganic compositions, capable to modify their thermodynamic parameters, physical, chemical, biochemical properties for explosives, including gas generating compositions, rocket fuels and gunpowders based thereon.
- It is known, that when interacting (etherification) with a mix of nitric and sulphuric acids the monoatomic (alkanols, alcohols), diatomic (alkanediols, glycols, diols), triatomic (triols, glycerin), multinuclear (absolute valence) alcohols and their possible isomers easily form corresponding complex, complete or/and incomplete ethers of nitric acid (nitrate ethers, nitric ethers, nitrates) [1-5] which are to some extent explosive, where the nitrates of monoatomic alcohols are less explosive, than nitrates of multinuclear alcohols [3], that defines their application as brisant substances [3], that is rapidly decaying substances with releasing great volume of strongly heated gases [2, 5], that is they are shattering explosives [1] used in blasting operations [1-5], but inapplicable in small arms [1-5] as there would be not a shot, but a shattering explosion with break of a gun tube, and the projectile would not have time to leave the gun tube[1].
- One of such representatives for explosives is the complex complete ether of triatomic alcohol (glycerin) and nitric acid, the glycerine trinitrate incorrectly named nitroglycerine [1, 3-5]. Glycerine trinitrate blows up from a push [1], heating [5], impact, shock, under influence of detonation, for example explosion of a fuse of mercuric fulminate, as a result of self-decomposition [2], and simple touch [3], however the simplicity of process of synthesising the glycerine trinitrate, its low-stage and low-waste, as well as availability and cheapness of initial substances (semi-products) for producing glycerine trinitrate makes its manufacturing economic, while the constancy of structure as a target product which is the glycerine trinitrate itself, and insignificant quantity of impurity, that is very important when making compositions (structures, compoundings) based thereon, makes it a rather promising composition (substance) as compared to other substances of similar application (purpose, use) [1-5].
- There is known application (use) of glycerine trinitrate in structure of bibasic gunpowders [1-5], various kinds (embodiments) of dynamite [1-5].
- Glycerine trinitrate in the pure state is not applied because of its extreme instability, and, during its decomposition not only enormous quantity of energy is liberated as heat and huge volume of the heated gases: nitrogen, water, carbon dioxide, but also oxygen in free condition [1, 2] which may be used for amplification for explosive action of glycerine trinitrate in its mix with combustible materials including ethers of nitric acid of monoatomic, diatomic, triatomic and multinuclear alcohols, as well as cellulose [1-5], thus it is possible to obtain dynamites with active and inactive weight [1], for example, with fossil meal, a special kind of silica (porous SiO2, kieselguhr) [1-5].
- Now alongside with glycerine trinitrate other nitrates of alcohols became important as explosives, that is complex complete or/and incomplete ethers of alcohols and nitric acid, for example, methyl nitrate, ethyl nitrate [4], ethylene glycol dinitrate [2,4], propylene glycol dinitrate [2], mannitol hexanitrate, pentaerythritol tetranitrate [1] and so on [6, 7, 8]. They are safer to operate as compared to glycerine trinitrate, but as well as the latter they are also unsuitable for use when shooting with fire-arms.
- It is known, that in a molecule of cellulose formed from a molecule of glucose, the alcohol hydroxyl groups of glucose persist, that puts cellulose to the class of alcohols and defines its properties of alcohols [1-5], and a molecule of cellulose contains three hydroxyl groups, therefore during its interaction (etherification) with a mix of nitric and sulphuric acids the complex complete, and incomplete nitrate ethers of celluloseare are formed, i.e. depending on conditions of reaction of etherification the residues of nitric acid can replace one, two or all the three hydroxyls thus forming accordingly mononitrate, dinitrate and trinitrate of cellulose [or mononitro, dinitro and trinitro cellulose] [5].
- It is known, that trinitro cellulose or pyroxylin where all the three hydroxyls are replaced by the residues of nitric acid [1-5], as well as glycerine trinitrate, is a detonating explosive featuring high energy and it is applied as shattering explosive in blasting works, but it is not applied when shooting from gun and rocket weapon as the shattering explosion would break the installation before the projectile would come to movement [1-5]. For using the trinitro cellulose in gun systems it is necessary to slow down the speed of its combustion so as to gradually accrue the pressure of formed gases to set a projectile in motion (to push it out) [1-5]. For reducing the speed of its combustion the trinitro cellulose is being gelled using various solvents, for example such as acetone, vinegar amyl ether and others [1], i.e. trinitrate of cellulose swells and forms dense jellylike mass; such a mass is used for pressing tapes of various thickness and sizes which after drying may be applied as a smokeless gunpowder. They are burning down more slowly than trinitrate of cellulose that enables to use them for shooting from gun and rocket installations. For obtaining a weapon smokeless gunpowder they are being cut to fine slices. It is known, that trinitrate of cellulose is also being gelled by using glycerine trinitrate thus the formed mass represents a special kind of dynamite also used in blasting works under the name "blasting gelatin" [1]. As the properties of trinitrate of cellulose are similar to those of similar complete or incomplete ethers formed during interaction (etherification) of our proposed corresponding alcohols with a mix of nitric and sulfuric acids the principles of the approach to the decision of tasks for purposeful modification of thermodynamic (thermochemical) parameters and stability influences negatively influencing the properties and quality of trinitrate of cellulose are authentic, as well as the substances (compositions) applied (used) as universal modifiers of new composite structures of compoundings of power systems of driving force based thereon. And some grades of smokeless gunpowders consist of a mix containing at the same time trinitrate of cellulose and ∼30% of glycerine trinitrate [4], thus the use (application) of the only and the same universal modifier allows not only to improve the compatibility of components in a somewhat componental system, but also to exclude or reduce the general contents of each of its components as the use (application) of the universal modifier allows to reject the use of many other components necessary for obtaining required properties, and also to provide additional improvement of other properties, including, bio-, radio-, light, thermal, chemical and antioxidizing stability which the system gets when use only one of our proposed universal modifiers.
- Further to our study of materials of periodic and patent literature concerning the use (application) of explosives and compositions based thereon, intended for the various purposes, we defined the main drawback, namely, the constant and limited set of additives which are not featuring sufficient efficiency and versatility, and, the compositions created on their basis (structures, compoundings) do not solve many problems related to sensitivity, temperature, pressure, volume of formed substances, to their structures and ecological compatibility, speed of burning and its transition to detonation.
- Till now there are intensive works for creating new composite compounds of explosives having universal properties.
- It is known, that smokeless gunpowders are produced on the basis of nitrates of cellulose in structure with various softeners. There are smokeless gunpowders on the basis of glycerine trinitrate (ballistites) and pyroxylin [the Soviet encyclopaedic dictionary.-M.: Soviet encyclopedia, 1983, p.119]. Smokeless gunpowders, both artillery ballistite and pyroxylin, and ballistite rocket firm fuel differ the big variety on raapTHO-mass parameters (characteristics), structure, sensitivity a various sort to mechanical influences, power parameters, speed of burning, sensitivity a detonation pulse. Now the explosives most used in the industry are the hexogen and an octogen, however they possess high sensitivity a different sort to mechanical influences and cannot be applied without input in their structure of retarders [Patent
RU Nº2226522, Cl - There are known powder explosive compositions (structures, compoundings) on the basis of smokeless pyroxylin, artillery ballistite gunpowders, ballistite solid rocket fuels, their mixes [
Patents RU NºNº 1810321 2021239 2026274 2026275 2046117 2074160 2092473 2099396 2130446 2176632 2086524 C1 2122990 C1 2096396 C1, 20.11,1997 GB 1265718, 08.03.1992 GB 1307967, 21.02.1973 US NºNº 3235425 ;3186882, 01.06.1965 ;3713917, 30.01.1973 ;4555276 ;5445690 ; Kuk M.A. Industrial explosives science - M.: Nedra, 1980, p.28.], in materials of these works, as a rule, structures of explosives, possess significant sensitivity a different sort to mechanical and other influences, thus the required result is not always reached. - It is known that till now hexogen, octogen are applied (are used) as brisant explosives which possess high sensitivity and consequently cannot be applied (used) in the pure state. For lowering their sensitivity and maintaining safe handling they are used (applied) only in a combination with various unexplosive additives (retarders), as additives (retarders) are used unsaturated and saturated solid hydrocarbons, such as wax, paraffin, ceresin and other chemical substances (compositions) similar to such compositions as stearin, and also various rubbers and polymers plasticized by inactive and active (explosive) softeners. Powerful explosives usually contain in their structure retarders from 2,5 up to 10 mas. % [Patent
RU 2252925 CL - There is known a more powerful explosive (composition) from the class of cyclic nitramines 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexa-nitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexa-azo-tetracyclo (5,5,0,03,11, 05,9) dodecane as compared to hexogen and octogen, and as to chemical stability and sensitivity it is similar to octogen, it features high sensitivity to different sort of mechanical influences and low chemical stability. [Patent
RU Nº 2199540 from 26.04.2001 - In the work [Patent
US Nº 5587533 , High perfomanse pressable explosive compositions/Braithwaite P. C., Lund O. K., Wardle R. B.] explosive compositions based on 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexa-nitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexa-azo-tetracyclo (5,5,0,0,1,11, 05,9) dodecane and a retarder (an active binding additive) in quantity of 5-10 mas.%, consisting of polyglycidil nitrate, polyglycidil azide and others are offered. - In the work [Simpson R.L., Urtiew P.A., Ornellas D.L., et al. CL-20 performance exceeds that of HMX and its sensitivity is moderate // Propellants, Explosives - 1997 - Nº 22 - Pp. 249-255.] a composition consisting of a basis of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexa-nitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexa-azo-tetracyclo (5,5,0,0,1,11, 05,9) dodecane (CL-20) retarded by polyurethane polymer Estane-5703-P, is offered, and this composition features higher sensitivity than the composition of octogen with the same polyurethane polymer.
- In the work [Patent
RU 2252925, Cl - It is known, that application (use) of liquid explosive compositions (substances) and their composite structures of compoundings is one of important and promising directions for solving certain tasks of various special-purpose designations, and the consistent solutions on their basis being liquid or heterogeneous, under usual conditions are easier to produce as compared to solid explosives (compositions). [Patent
RU 2063944, Cl - However, the use (application) of liquid explosives such as glycerine trinitrate or compositions (structures, compoundings) based thereon is seriously limited because of their very high sensitivity to various mechanical influences, however high-energy substances (compositions), in particular glycerine trinitrate, are constant objects for creating on the basis thereon explosive compositions for various purpose. For reducing (decreasing) their sensitivity to various influences some retarding additives are used (applied). Using such additives a lot of so-called, tri-nitro-glycerin explosive compositions (substances, compoundings) for various special-purpose designations, including industrial (commercial) explosives, such as pobedits, detonites and similar compounds are created. Though these compositions (compounds) feature rather low sensitivity to mechanical influences due to low contents (approximately 10 %) of glycerine trinitrate and at the same time, and for the same reason they feature low energy characteristic (response).
- There is known a number of compositions (substances, compoundings) on the basis of glycerine trinitrate [Patent
US 3108916, Cl . C 06 B 19/02, 1963. PatentUS 2988436, CI . C 06 D 5/04 1961. PatentUS 4011114, CI . C 06 B 45/10, 1976]. These compositions (compoundings) feature rather high sensitivity to mechanical influences and low energy properties because of low (small) oxygen factor. There is known use (application) of trimethylolethane trinitrate as a retarder for glycerine trinitrate. [PatentUS 3423256, CI . C 06 B 3/001969.] However an essential decrease in sensitivity of liquid explosive composition is reached only in case of introducing a lot of retarder in glycerine trinitrate, thus its explosive characteristics (parameters) go down sharply. On the basis of the above-stated it follows, that the problem of creating a high-energy explosive heterogeneous bodies (solutions) featuring enough low sensitivity to various mechanical influences is rather urgent till now and it is not yet solved because the common drawback of the described explosive compositions is the high sensitivity to various mechanical influences. Therefore creating new explosive compositions using our offered modifiers that were unknown earlier for the given purpose, with mechanical and other properties set depending on the object in view, is a novelty. - The common drawback of explosive compositions described in these patents materials is their high sensitivity to various mechanical influences.
- Till now the task of creating explosives designed for manufacturing extended and sheet charges, detonating tape and other similar materials (products) for special explosive works is rather urgent and promising. There are known plastic explosive substances hexoplasts HP-74; HP -87; HP -87K [« The list of recommended industrial explosive materials.» M: Nedra, 1977, page 28.] and elastic explosives [Patent
US 3723204, Cl . 149-19 C 06B 3/00, C 06C 1/100, 1973; PatentUK Nº 1297706, Cl - There is a known explosive composition containing colloxylin as a basis, plasticized by liquid nitroesters of multinuclear alcohols, for example, glycerine trinitrate, as well as the stabilizer for chemical stability. [Svetlov B.Ya. and Yaremenko N.E. The theory and properties of industrial explosives. M.: Nedra, 1973, p.185.]. This explosive composition features high explosibility.
- There is a known explosive composition also containing colloxylin as a basis, and plasticized by liquid nitroesters of multinuclear alcohols, for example, by glycerine trinitrate; stabilizer for chemical stability and fine-dyspersated particles of high density substance. The stabilizer for chemical stability is centralite. [Patent
RU 2105746, Cl - Till now creating the gas generating compositions, including those for fire extinguishers, safety bags and other pneumatic devices is rather urgent and promising. There is a known gas generating composition for fire extinguishers on the basis of ether of cellulose which contains 30 to 40 % of softener substance (composition) with the formula
US 3873579, Cl . C 06 D 5/06, 1975]. The temperature of burning of this composition makes 2000 to 2500°K. Another gas generating composition for fire extinguishers contains in mass.% dibutil phthalate (17), acetate of cellulose (7,6), N-methyl-p-nitroaniline (1), nitrate of cellulose (30,4), trinitrate of pentaeritrit (37), ethyl centralite (2), tin oxides (5) while the temperature of its burning makes 1700°K. [PatentUS 3639183, Cl . C 06 D 5/06, 1972]. The purpose of improvement of such compositions is lowering the sensitivity to various mechanical influences and lowering the temperature of burning; and the main components of such compositions remain almost without qualitative and quantitative changes. Thus there is known a gas generating composition consisting in mass.% of ratio of nitrate of cellulose (59-69) bases, 1,6-diazido-2-acetoxy-4-oxa-hexane (30-40) as softener, while the other additives are dimethyl diphenyl urea (0,5-0,6) and vaseline (0,4-0,5), and the temperature of burning of this composition makes 1450°K [Copyright certificate RU Nº 918289, M Cl. C 06 D 5/06. UDC 662.16 (088.8), publ. 07.04.82. Bul. Nº13. date of publication of the description 10.04.82], however all these compositions feature higher sensitivity to mechanical influences, high temperature and high speed of burning. - Earlier it was considered, that acids promote decomposition of many explosives (compositions) [L.A.Smirnov «The equipment for manufacturing ballistite gunpowders using auger technology and charges made of them», edited by L.V.Zabelina. M.: 1997]. However, there is known a stabilizer of chemical stability of gunpowder, solid rocket fuel and gas generating composition on the basis of nitrocellulose, a boric or phosphorous acid, or an organic acid or its salt having the formula (I)
R1 =-H, -OH, - COOH; -COONH4, -COONa,
R2 =-H, -OH, -COOH, -COONa, the residue of composition having the formula
or having the formula (II):
R 1 =-bond or-C2H4,
R 2 is absent or means H2O or 2H2O [PatentRU 2244703, Cl - The engineering problem of the invention consists in creating a universal modifier for explosives from a range of composite complete or incomplete nitrates of monoatomic, diatomic, triatomic or multinuclear alcohols, nitrocelluloses, nitroamines, azides, nitrobenzenes or nitroalkanes; introducing such a modifier in these explosives allows to modify their thermodynamic parameters, physical, chemical, biochemical properties and to create on the basis of these explosives, with the introduced modifiers, explosive and unexplosive composite compounds having liquid (consistent), heterogeneous or solid aggregate state depending on objects in view (tasks) with required properties that may vary, by varying the ratio of components included in the composition.
- The technical result of the invention is the inhibition of premature decomposition of explosives (compounds) at all the initial stages of development of this process, with its subsequent initiation (activation) as a result of smooth and fast growth (increase) of temperature thus leading to explosive decomposition or burning depending on sufficiency surplus of oxygen in the system, both due to oxygen-containing compounds (substances), and as a result of emission of oxygen in a pure state when decomposing the substances (compounds) included in explosive composition, i.e. controlling the rate of their decomposition, as well as decrease in sensitivity of explosives to various mechanical influences, improvement of the degree of compression.
- The technical result is reached by using known, cheap and accessible compositions (substances) belonging to inorganic, organic acids and their salts as a universal modifier for explosives from the range of complex complete or incomplete nitrates of monoatomic, diatomic, triatomic or multinuclear alcohols, nitrocellulose, nitroamines, nitroanilines, azides, nitrobenzenes, nitroalkanes and their mix, where the compositions belonging to inorganic or organic acids or their salts, are chosen from the following group: orthoboric acid, phosphorous acid or orthophosphoric acid, or composition having the formula (1):
R1 = - H, - OH, - COOH, - COONH4, - COONa,
R2 = - H, - OH, - COOH, - COONa, and R1 and R have
the above-stated values, or formula (2):
R1 = - single bond or - C2H4 ,
R2 is absent or H2O or 2H2O,
Or formula (3):
if R1=-NO2; R=R2=-H, it is a 3-nitrobenzoic acid (m-nitrobenzoic acid),
if R2= -NO2; R= R1= -H, it is a 4-nitrobenzoic acid (p-nitrobenzoic acid).
The preferable acids and salts of the above mentioned formulas are the following compositions: -
-
- The composition having the formula (1) at R= H, R1= - COOH, R1= - COOH, R2= - H is the orthophthalic acid.
- The composition having the formula (1) at R = H, R1 = - COOH, R2 = - COOH is the isophthalic acid.
- The composition having the formula (1) at R= - COOH, R1= H, R2= - COOH is the terephthalic acid.
- The composition having the formula (1) at R= - COONa, R1= H, R2= - COONa is the disodium salt of terephthalic acid.
- The composition having the formula (1) at R= H, R1= - COONa, R2= - COONa is the disodium salt of metaphthalic acid.
- The composition having the formula (1) at R= - COOH, R1= - OH, R2 = -H is the salicylic acid.
- The composition having the formula (1) at R= - OH, R1= - COONa, R2= -H is the sodium salt of salicylic acid.
- The composition having the formula (1) at R= - COOH, R1= - H, R2= -H =-H is the benzoic acid.
- The composition having the formula (1) at R= - COONa, R1= - H, R2= -H is the sodium salt of benzoic acid.
- The composition having the formula (1) at R= - COOH, R1= - H, R2= - OH is the para- oxybenzoic acid.
- The composition having the formula (1) at R= - H, R1= - COOH, R2= - OH is the meta-oxybenzoic acid.
- The composition having the formula (2) at R =-OH, R1 = single bond, R2 - absent, is the oxalic acid is.
- The composition having the formula (2) at R = - OH, R1 = single bond, R2 = 2H2O is the 2-water oxalic acid.
- The composition having the formula (2) at R = - OK, R1 = single bond, R2 - absent, is the lemon salt.
- The composition having the formula (2) at R = - ONa, R1 = single bond, R2 - absent, is the sodium oxalate.
- The composition having the formula (2) at R = - ONH4, R1 = single bond, R2 - absent, is the ammonium oxalate.
- The composition having the formula (2) at R= - OH, R1 = - C2H4, R2 - absent, is the succinic acid.
- The listed compositions have, basically, rather low temperature of decomposition and rather high temperature of ignition, thus, a part of thermal energy will be spent for decomposing these substances when introducing them into the specified explosives, thus there will be a decrease of general (total) temperature of formed gases with simultaneous increase in their volumes and there will be a proportional development of pressure due to gases formed as a result of decomposition and-or burning of these compositions.
- The explosives from the range of complex complete or incomplete nitrates of monoatomic, diatomic, triatomic or multinuclear alcohols, nitrocelluloses, nitroamines, nitroanilines, azides, nitrobenzenes or nitroalkanes, where it is offered to introduce the above modifiers, may be the following explosives:
- Explosives having the formula:
if R=R1 = -CH2O-NO2; n=1, is a glycerol trinitrate (nitroglycerine);
if R=R1 = -H; n=1, is a methyl nitrate;
if R=-CH3; R1 =-H; n=1, is an ethyl nitrate
if R= -CH2-O-NO2; R1 = -H; n =1, is an ethylene glycol dinitrate;
if R=-CH3; R1= -CH2-O-NO2; n=1, is a propylene glycol dinitrate;
if R=R1 = -CH2-O-NO2; n=4, is a mannitol hexanitrate (nitromannit);
if R= -CH2CL; R1= -CH2-O-NO2; n=1, is a monochlorhydrin dinitrate;
if R=-H; - Explosives having the formula:
- Nitroisobutyl glycerinetrinitrate having the formula
- □ Diethanol-N-nitroamine dinitrate(DINA) having the formula
- □ Diglycerin tetranitrate having the formula
- □ Diethyleneglycol dinitrate (diglycol dinitrate, dinitrodiglycol) having the formula
- □ Trinitrate of cellulose (trinitro cellulose, trinitrate of cellulose, trinitrate) - [C6H7O2(O-NO2)3]n;
- □ Ethylene-N, N -dinitramine (EDNA)
NO2NH-(CH2)2-NHNO2; - □ Nitroguanidine (NH2)2C=NNO2
- □ NitroureaNH2CONHNO2;
- □ N, N'-bis (□,□,□,-trinitroethyl) carbamide, or N, N'-bis(□,□,□ - trinitroethyl) urea(BTNEM)
- □ Explosive having the formula:
if R1=R4= -NO2; R2 = -CH3; R3=R5= -H, it is a 4-nitrophenyl-N-methylnitroamine (N-nitro - N-methyl 4-nitroamine);
if R1=R5= -H; R2= -CH3, R3=R4= -NO2, it is a 2,4-dinitro-N-methylaniline;
if R1= R3=R4= -NO2; R2 = -CH3; R5= -H, it is a 2,4-di-nitrophenil-N-methylnitroamine (N-nitro - N-methyl - 2,4-dinitro - aniline);
if R1 -H; R2 = -CH3; R3=R4=R5 -NO2, it is N-methyl - 2,4,6-trinitroaniline;
if R1=R3=R4= R5= -NO2; R2 = -CH3, it is N-methyl - N, 2,4,6-tetranitroaniline (N-methyl - N-nitro - 2,4,6-trinitroaniline);
if R1 = -H; R2 =-CH3; R3=R4=R5- NO2 it is N-methyl - 2,4,6-trinitroaniline;
if R1=R3=R4 = R5 = - NO2; R2 = - CH3, it is N-methyl - N, 2,4,6-tetranitroaniline (N-methyl - N-nitro - 2,4,6-trinitroaniline or 2,4,6-trinitroaniline - N-methylnitroamine, tetryl);
if R1= -H; R2 = -CH3; R3=R4=R5 -NO2,, it is N-methyl - 2,4,6-trinitroaniline;
R1=R3=R4= R5= - NO2; R2 = -CH3, it is N-methyl - N, 2,4,6-tetranitroaniline (N-methyl - N-nitro - 2,4,6-trinitroaniline or 2,4,6-trinitroaniline - N-methylnitroamine, tetryl);
If R1=R2= -H; R3=R4= R5= - NO2, - it is a 2,4,6-trinitroaniline; - □ Explosive having the formula:
if R1=CL; R2=R4=R6= -NO2; R3=R5= -H, it is 2,4,6-trinitrochlorbenzene;
if R1= R3=-OH; R2=R4=R6= -NO2; R5= -H, it is 2,4,6-trinitroresorcin (TNR, stifnine acid);
if R1= - OCH3; R2=R4=R6= - NO2; R5= - H, it is 2,4,6-trinitroanisol (2,4,6-trinitro methoxybenzene);
if R1= R3=NH2; R2=R4=R6= - NO2; R5= - H, it is 1,3-diamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (2,4,6-trinitrophenylenediamine);
if R1= R3= R5=NH2; R2=R4=R6= -NO2, it is 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene;
if R1= CH3; R2=R4=R6=-NO2; R3=R5= - H, it is 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (trotyl, a TNT);
if R1= -CH3; R2=R4=R6= - NO2; R3=OH; R5= - H, it is trinitrocreosol;
if R1=R3-R6= - NO2 R2=R4=R6= H, it is 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene;
if R1= - CH3; R2=R4=R6=- NO2;
if R1= R3 -CH3; R2=R4=R6= -NO2;
if R1 = R1= R3 -CH3; R2=R4=R6= -NO2; R5=-H, it is 2,4,6-trinitro meta-xylene (1,3-dimethyl - 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene);
Isomers of tetranitrobenzene; - □ . 1,3,5-trinitro- 1,3,5-triazacyclo-hexane (hexogen)
- □ .1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazocyclooctane(cyclotetramethylene - tetranitroamine, octogen)
- □ .2,2',4,4',6,6' - hexanitrodiphenyl;
- □ .2,2',4,4',6,6' - hexanitrodiphenylsulphide (hexyd);
- □ .2,2',4,4',6,6' - hexanitrodiphenylsulfone;
- □ .2,2',4,4',6,6' - hexanitrostylbene;
- □ .3,3'-diamino-2,2',4,4',6,6' - hexanitro-diphenyl;
- □ .2,4,6,-hexanitrodiphenylamin;
- □ Isomers of trinitronaphthalene;
- □ .Isomers of tetranitronaphthalene;
- □ .Nitroalkanes:
C(NO2)4-tetranitromethane;
CH2(NO2)CH2NO2 - 1,2-dinitroethane;
CH3CH(NO2)2 - 1,1-dinitroethane;
CH3CH(NO2)2 - 1,1,1-trinitroethane;
C2(NO2)6 - hexanitroethane; - □ .C6(NO2)3(N3)3- trinitrotriazidobenzene;
- □ .C3N3(N3)3 - cyanurtriazide,
- □ Diethanol-N-nitroamine dinitrate(DINA) having the formula
- Nitroisobutyl glycerinetrinitrate having the formula
- The above cited (designated) explosives (compositions) and their mixes do not limit the possible assortment of various other explosives (copositions) that in combination (mix) with our proposed compositions (substances) from between organic, inorganic acids and their salts or other of substances (compositions), featuring similar properties and used as universal modifiers, may also similarly (purposefully) influence various parameters and properties of new energy systems of driving force created on their basis with characteristics required for any specific purpose, where, the same explosive composition may feature different speed of decomposition depending on the way (method) of its activation, and may also show the properties of simple burning not passing to detonation or brisances, i.e. to carry out the possibility of application (use) of two-component explosive composition on basis of the cited obtained explosives in a combination (mix) with our offered modifiers in an individual kind of each of them, as an active principle of a new composite structure of compoundings of monobasic gunpowders, gas generating compositions with or without using (application) pyroxylin (pyroxylin-free gunpowders) in their composition.
- As the operating principle of our offered modifiers in various composite structures of compounds for the specified classes of explosives (compositions) is essentially the same, and it consists in that these modifiers and substances (compositions) having similar properties under certain conditions may decay with emitting gaseous products, and in presence of enough of oxygen in the system may occur not only their decomposition, but also burning or a combination of these processes, thus there may be a thermodynamic (thermochemical) effect of significant decrease in temperature and increase in volume of the formed gases, and incidental proportional development of certain pressure [and the effect of decrease in temperature of gases is most pronounced in case when the compositions (substances) having the temperature of decomposition that is lower or coincides with the temperature of ignition are used (are applied) as modifiers], our approach to creating explosive and unexplosive energy systems of driving force with the properties set depending on the object in view is general and universal for all such systems. Using such an effect is rather urgent when creating low erosion, low-kindle or «cold gunpowders». When the properties of substances do not satisfy these conditions there may be an increase in total temperature effect. The modifier for our offered explosives may be used in case of the ratio modifier/explosive equal to (0,1-99,9 : (99,9-0,1).
- For increasing (raising) the enrgy characteristics (properties) of our offered composite structures (compositions) it is possible to introduce in them metallic power additives (substances).
- For giving various consistent properties including the plasticity to such explosive and unexplosive composite structures it is possible to use binding, gelatinizing (swelling) and polymeric compositions (substances).
- Researches of mixes of each of modifiers and each of explosives regarding the compatibility and influence of modifiers on heat-resistant characteristics of explosives. It is marked, that introduction of modifiers not only does not reduce the heat-resistant parameters of explosives, but also makes an inhibitory effect on their autocatalytic decomposition. Researches were carried out using an installation for defining the temperature of the beginning of intensive decomposition (Tbid) and phase transformations of polymeric materials using the DTC method (differential thermocouple) according to OST B-84-615-72.
- A thematic example of influence of the offered acids is the influence of oxalic acid (crystalline hydrate) on glycerine trinitrate. In
Fig. 1 andFig. 2 there are the diagrams of decomposition of mixes of oxalic acids (crystalline hydrate) with glycerine trinitrate in mass ratio 1:2 and 1:5 accordingly; it was been found that introducting oxalic acids (crystalline hydrate) does not worsen the heat-resistant characteristics of glycerine trinitrate. It is also determined, that the composition is not susceptible to transition of burning to explosion or detonation. - Mixes of glycerine trinitrate (OST B 84-2386) and oxalic acids (crystalline hydrate) Ty standard 2642-001-07500602-97 were prepared from their solutions in ethyl alcohol GOST 18300-87 by mixing at a room temperature and further removal of ethyl alcohol by keeping in exhaust case until a film is formed. The mixing did not cause changes of temperature, color and sedimentation. The compositions have been investigated using a microscope and a significant decrease in heterogeneity was marked with increase of the oxalic acids (crystalline hydrate) content. The density of structures made ρ = 1,7-1,75 g/cm3 (high density compositions).
- A thematic example of influence of the proposed salts of organic acids is the influence of ammonium oxalate (crystalline hydrate) on glycerine trinitrate. In
Fig. 3 there is a diagram of decomposition of a mix of ammonium oxalate (crystalline hydrate) with glycerine trinitrate in mass ratio 1:1 accordingly, it was been found that introducing ammonium oxalate (crystalline hydrate) does not worsen the heat-resistant characteristics of glycerine trinitrate, but also renders inhibitory action on its autocatalytic decomposition. It is also determined, that the composition is not sucseptible to transition of burning to explosion or detonation. The mixes were prepared similarly to those of Example 1. - Thematic examples are mixes of oxalic acids (crystalline hydrate) with glycerine trinitrate, thus the mixes prepared in mass ratio: composition Nº1 - 1:5, composition Nº2 - 1:2, composition Nº3 - 1:1, composition Nº4 - 2:1 accordingly, have been tested for explosive characteristics using a Kast's impact machine OST B 84-892-74 (Sensitivity impact using an impact machine at the bottom limit with instr. Nº1 and instr. Nº2) and the following results are received:
- Composition Nº1 with a load of 2 kg. and height Ho=250 mm. (instr. Nº2). The percent of explosions made 80 %,
- Structure Nº2 with a load of 2 kg. and height Ho=250 mm. (instr. Nº2). The percent of explosions made 55 %,
- Composition Nº3 with a load of 10 kg. and height Ho=250MM. (instr. Nº2). The percent of explosions made 68 %,
- Composition Nº4 with a load of 10 kg. and height Ho=250MM. (instr. Nº2). The percent of explosions made 0 %.
- The detonation of glycerine trinitrate is caused when dropping a 2 kg. load from a height of Ho=40mm [9].
- Composition Nº3 with a load of 10 kg. Ho> 500 mm. (instr. Nº1)
- Composition Nº4 with a load of 10 kg. Ho> 500 mm. (instr. Nº1),
- The compositions have been tested for sensitivity to shock-free friction at the bottom limit (OST B 84-894-74) at a speed of disk rotation (friction) of 520 rev/min. Thus the sensitivity to shock-free friction at the bottom limit of composition Nº3 makes Po > 3000 kilogram-force/cm2 and of composition Nº4 - Po = > 3000 kilogram-force/cm2-The tests were carried out at a temperature of 18°C.
- The compositions have been tested for sensitivity to friction at a shock shift at the bottom limit (OST B 84-895-83). Thus the sensitivity to friction at a shock shift at the bottom limit of composition Nº3 was equal to Po=750 kilogram-force/cm2 and of composition Nº4 Po=1750 kilogram-force/cm2.
- As a result of tests of samples with various percentage of glycerine trinitrate and oxalic acid (crystalline hydrate), it is possible to reckon the mix of 50%-60% of glycerine trinitrate and 50%-40% oxalic acid (crystalline hydrate) accordingly, among substances featuring low sensitivity to mechanical influences thus it is possible to operate with them while observing conventional security measures.
- The compositions have been tested for speed of explosive transformation (detonation) OST B 84-90074, susceptibility to transition of burning to explosion or detonation - the character of destruction of a pipe with indicating its dimensions and estimating the explosive process according to OST B 84-90074, thus the composition with the content of oxalic acid (crystalline hydrate) with glycerine trinitrate of 40%-60 % accordingly, has shown the following characteristics: the density ρ = 1,75 g/cm3, the speed of detonation D = 6370 m/s, the composition is not susceptible to transition of burning to explosion or detonation; the composition with the content of oxalic acids (crystalline hydrate) with glycerine trinitrate of 60%-40 % accordingly, has shown the following characteristics: the density ρ = 1,7 g/cm3, the speed of detonation D = 880-2230 m/s, the composition is not susceptible to transition of burning to explosion or detonation.
- For giving various consistent properties including plasticity to such explosive and unexplosive compositions, gelatinating (swelling) and polymeric compositions (substances) were used, such as pyroxylin, colloxylin and other compositions in monobasic and bibasic composite materials with our offered modifiers. Thematic examples are the obtained structures: oxalic acid (crystalline hydrate) 72 %, CT-30 21 %, glycerine trinitrate 7 % with speed of burning 0,5 mm/s and temperature of burning ∼800°K (at P=40 and temperature 20°C) - the product is plastic, it is susceptible to molding; and oxalic acid (crystalline hydrate) 42 %, glycerine trinitrate 42 %, PVR (polyvinyl butyral resin) 16 % with speed of burning 5 mm/s and temperature of burning ∼1500°K (at P=40 and temperature 20°C).
- The product is plastic, it is susceptible to molding, there is also an expressed influence of the modifier on the speed of burning and temperature of the obtained gases.
- The thematic example are also the obtained compositions of pyroxylin with salt of methylenedisalicylic acid. Thus when introduting it up to 0,5 % of mass., the stability of gunpowders made 3,5 to 4,5 kPa, at a norm of 8 kPa. When introducing the diammonium salt of methylenedisalicylic acid up to 20% of mass. essential decrease in temperature of the formed gases down by 700-800 °K was marked, while maintaining acceptable power of gunpowders.
- The obtained compositions of pyroxylin with lemon salt may also servea thematic example, because when introducing it up to 0,5 % mass., the stability of gunpowders made 3,5-4,5 kPa, at a norm of 8 kPa. When introducing the lemon salt up to 20 % mass., the obtained compositions had the power of gunpowder comparable to the normal one at a level of 1030 to 1060 kJ/kg.
- The obtained data as to characteristics of compositions in the Examples 1 and 2 allow to assume the possibility of their application for modifying the properties of gunpowders, including control of temperature, of the structure of obtained gases.
- Alongside with experimental data we have also obtained thermodynamic calculated values of obtained compositions which had good convergence of results and completely confirmed the experimental data and the Claims.
- On the basis of that the principle of action of our first proposed modifiers for new power systems of driving force for all classes of explosives (compositions) though essentially the same, however each individual explosive, as well as any other composition (substance) possesses certain unique inherent properties (physical, chemical, mechanical and others), that is each new power system of driving force on their basis has its own "know-how" having certain information value, but not influencing on essence of the invention as a whole and that are sometimes inexpedient to open with a view of the further preservation of priority of the trend itself and of the time of research process, therefore our obtained data and some results, having certain dependence and convergence in application conditions of our proposed modifiers in a combination (mix) with the cited explosive compositions (substances) are not always outlined in the description of materials in the text or being restricted.
- (The list of documents quoted and taken into account during examination)
- 1. E.S. Hotinsky. The course of organic chemistry. - Kharkov.: Publishing house of the Kharkov Red Labour Banner Award A.M.Gorky National University, 1959.-724 pp.
- 2. B.A.Pavlov and A.P.Terentyev. The course of organic chemistry. - Moscow.: National scientific and technical publishing house of chemical literature, 1961. - 592 pp.
- 3. A.E. Chichibabin. Principles of organic chemistry. Volume I. - Moscow.: National scientific and technical publishing house of chemical literature, 1963. - 912 pp.
- 4. A.N. Nesmeyanov, N.A. Nesmeyanov. Principles of organic chemistry. Book one.-Moscow.: Publishing house "Khimiya", 1974.-624 pp.
- 5. B.N. Stepanenko. The course of organic chemistry Part I. Aliphatic compositions. - Moscow.: Publishing house "Vysschaya shkola", 1976. - 448 pp.
- 6. E.Ju. Orlova. Chemistry and technology of brisant substances. - Moscow.: Scientific and technical publishing house OBORONGIZ, 1960 - 396 pp.
- 7. E.Ju. Orlova. Chemistry and technology of brisant substances. - Leningrad.: Publishing house "Khimiya", 1973. - 688 pp.
- 8. Ju.A. Lebedev, E.A.Miroshnichenko, Ju.K. Knobel. Thermochemistry of nitro compounds. Publishing house "Nauka". Moscow. 1970. - 168 pp.
- 9. Orlova E.Ju.Chemistry and technology of brisant substances: Textbook for high schools - Ed., - 3rd ed., rev. - L.: Khimiya, 1981.-312 pp.
Claims (29)
R1= - H,- OH, - COOH, - COONH4, - COONa,
R2= - H, - OH, - COOH, - COONa,
the above-stated values,
Or formula (2):
R1 = a single bond or - C2H4,
R2 = is absent or H2O or 2H2O
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2006136245/02A RU2318789C1 (en) | 2006-10-16 | 2006-10-16 | Explosive modifier |
PCT/RU2007/000556 WO2008048146A2 (en) | 2006-10-16 | 2007-10-12 | Modifier for explosives |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2128117A2 true EP2128117A2 (en) | 2009-12-02 |
EP2128117A4 EP2128117A4 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
Family
ID=39280875
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP07861028.4A Withdrawn EP2128117A4 (en) | 2006-10-16 | 2007-10-12 | Modifier for explosives |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20100096050A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2128117A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2010506821A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2318789C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008048146A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN114045039B (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-10-04 | 湖南卫航科技有限公司 | Explosive simulant and preparation method and application thereof |
CN115709075A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-02-24 | 西安近代化学研究所 | Nano tin dioxide loaded monatomic combustion catalyst and preparation method thereof |
CN116283452A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-06-23 | 西南科技大学 | Method for preparing explosive/HNS core-shell structure spherical compound based on pickering emulsion method |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB582621A (en) * | 1942-06-15 | 1946-11-22 | Donald Hugh Hall | Propellent explosives |
US3092968A (en) * | 1957-11-06 | 1963-06-11 | Atlantic Res Corp | Process for generating gases and apparatus therefor |
US3107187A (en) * | 1959-02-05 | 1963-10-15 | Atlantic Res Corp | Propellant compositions |
US4128443A (en) * | 1975-07-24 | 1978-12-05 | Pawlak Daniel E | Deflagrating propellant compositions |
US4764231A (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1988-08-16 | Atlas Powder Company | Well stimulation process and low velocity explosive formulation |
Family Cites Families (66)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1946479A (en) * | 1927-05-07 | 1934-02-13 | Ellis Foster Co | Nitrocellulose coating composition containing an acid body |
BE360394A (en) * | 1928-05-05 | |||
US1979681A (en) * | 1931-12-23 | 1934-11-06 | Burton Explosives Inc | Explosive |
US2988436A (en) | 1953-01-21 | 1961-06-13 | Olin Mathieson | Smokeless powder |
US2889216A (en) * | 1957-06-14 | 1959-06-02 | Olin Mathieson | Incorporation of water soluble salts in propellent powder |
US3108916A (en) | 1959-09-02 | 1963-10-29 | Olin Mathieson | Dustless propellent powder containing coated spherical nitrocellulose |
US3235425A (en) | 1960-11-07 | 1966-02-15 | Hercules Powder Co Ltd | Slurry-type blasting compositions containing ammonium nitrate and smokeless powder |
US3811358A (en) * | 1961-10-10 | 1974-05-21 | Rockwell International Corp | Solid propellants containing reinforcing filament and process of making |
US3186882A (en) | 1962-01-12 | 1965-06-01 | Holt Erich Von | Nitrocellulose containing explosive compositions and methods of preparing same |
US3183068A (en) * | 1962-05-17 | 1965-05-11 | Colgate Palmolive Co | Luminously burning fuel gels |
US3308210A (en) * | 1963-01-16 | 1967-03-07 | Atlantic Res Corp | Process of making propellent supports |
US4011114A (en) | 1964-04-09 | 1977-03-08 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Cross-linked nitrocellulose propellant formulation |
US3785888A (en) * | 1964-11-06 | 1974-01-15 | Atlantic Res Corp | Nitrocellulose gas-generating composition containing a polyethylene glycol |
US3421912A (en) * | 1965-03-26 | 1969-01-14 | Inter Chem Corp | Prevention of gassing in inks and coatings containing nitrocellulose |
US3639183A (en) | 1965-04-16 | 1972-02-01 | Us Navy | Gas generator compositions |
US3358600A (en) * | 1966-01-13 | 1967-12-19 | Trojan Powder Co | Self-destroying explosive cartridge for underwater seismic exploration |
US3473981A (en) * | 1966-04-15 | 1969-10-21 | Philip G Butts | Gas generating composition containing melamine |
US3428502A (en) * | 1966-10-25 | 1969-02-18 | Du Pont | Polyvinyl acetate binder for crystalline explosive |
US3423256A (en) | 1968-01-08 | 1969-01-21 | Commercial Solvents Corp | Explosives containing an impact-sensitive liquid nitrated polyol and trimethylolethane trinitrate and process of conitrating mixtures of polyols and trimethylol ethane |
ZA697340B (en) | 1968-10-31 | 1971-05-27 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | A slurry explosive |
FR2052018A5 (en) | 1969-07-04 | 1971-04-09 | Moritz Jean | |
US3873579A (en) | 1969-08-20 | 1975-03-25 | Us Navy | Organic azides and method of preparation thereof |
US3723204A (en) | 1969-10-01 | 1973-03-27 | Du Pont | Flexible high-velocity explosive |
DE2045020C3 (en) * | 1970-09-11 | 1980-04-30 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Weather explosives with increased energy |
US3713917A (en) | 1970-11-16 | 1973-01-30 | Ireco Chemicals | Blasting slurry compositions contain-ing calcium nitrate and method of preparation |
CA959269A (en) | 1971-03-15 | 1974-12-17 | Errol L. Falconer | Explosives compositions |
JPS5535359B2 (en) * | 1972-09-09 | 1980-09-12 | ||
US3910188A (en) * | 1974-04-04 | 1975-10-07 | Us Army | One watt/one amp no-fire match type initiator |
DE2461646C2 (en) * | 1974-12-27 | 1984-01-05 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Process for the production of propellant charge powders |
US4052941A (en) * | 1976-05-24 | 1977-10-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Production of electroless metal coatings on nitrocellulose base propellants and article |
US4533415A (en) * | 1977-09-23 | 1985-08-06 | Frederick B. Wagner, III | High energy propellant |
US4555276A (en) | 1984-10-29 | 1985-11-26 | Hercules Incorporated | High density pressure resistant invert blasting emulsions |
US4763576A (en) * | 1985-03-08 | 1988-08-16 | Angus Chemical Company | Detonating energy transmittal device |
US6932878B1 (en) * | 1988-05-11 | 2005-08-23 | Bae Systems Plc | Explosive compositions |
RU2046117C1 (en) | 1990-06-04 | 1995-10-20 | Стерлитамакское производственное объединение "Авангард" | Explosive compound |
US5224174A (en) | 1990-11-07 | 1993-06-29 | Niagara Technology Incorporated | Surface feature mapping using high resolution c-scan ultrasonography |
RU2026274C1 (en) | 1991-06-03 | 1995-01-09 | Люберецкое научно-производственное объединение "Союз" | Gun-powder composition |
RU2026275C1 (en) | 1991-06-03 | 1995-01-09 | Люберецкое научно-производственное объединение "Союз" | Gun-powder composition |
RU2021239C1 (en) | 1992-07-23 | 1994-10-15 | Старокожев Владимир Филиппович | Explosive composition |
RU2074160C1 (en) | 1993-01-05 | 1997-02-27 | Люберецкое научно-производственное объединение "Союз" | Powder explosion composition |
US5445690A (en) | 1993-03-29 | 1995-08-29 | D. S. Wulfman & Associates, Inc. | Environmentally neutral reformulation of military explosives and propellants |
RU2086524C1 (en) | 1993-06-21 | 1997-08-10 | Люберецкое научно-производственное объединение "Союз" | Explosive composition and a method of its making |
US6364975B1 (en) * | 1994-01-19 | 2002-04-02 | Universal Propulsion Co., Inc. | Ammonium nitrate propellants |
RU2093500C1 (en) * | 1994-03-29 | 1997-10-20 | Государственный научно-исследовательский институт химических продуктов | Method of preparing powder mass in pyroxylin powder production |
RU2063944C1 (en) | 1994-07-29 | 1996-07-20 | Центральный научно-исследовательский институт химии и механики | Liquid explosive compound |
RU2096396C1 (en) | 1994-09-22 | 1997-11-20 | Игорь Яковлевич Петровский | Explosive substance and method of preparation thereof |
RU2092473C1 (en) | 1995-08-29 | 1997-10-10 | Красноармейский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Механизации | Explosive emulsion composition |
DE19540278A1 (en) * | 1995-10-28 | 1997-04-30 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Lead- and barium-free igniters |
US6120627A (en) * | 1995-11-17 | 2000-09-19 | The Ensign-Bickford Company | Explosive with bioremediating capacity |
RU2099396C1 (en) | 1996-01-05 | 1997-12-20 | Самарский государственный аэрокосмический университет им.С.П.Королева | Lubricating and cooling liquid for processes of surface strain |
RU2105746C1 (en) | 1996-02-01 | 1998-02-27 | Петровский Игорь Яковлевич | Explosive |
RU2122990C1 (en) | 1998-04-02 | 1998-12-10 | Научно-техническая фирма "Взрывтехнология" | Powder explosive composition |
US6645325B1 (en) * | 1998-06-01 | 2003-11-11 | Russell R. Nickel | Fast-burning nitrocellulose compositions |
RU2130446C1 (en) | 1998-07-29 | 1999-05-20 | Научно-техническая фирма "Взрывтехнология" | Explosive powder composition and method of preparation thereof |
DE60021001T2 (en) * | 1999-02-23 | 2006-05-11 | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems, Inc., St. Petersburg | Perforated fuel and process for its preparation |
DE19907809C2 (en) * | 1999-02-24 | 2002-10-10 | Nitrochemie Gmbh | Process for the production of one-, two- or three-base propellant charge powders for gun ammunition |
RU2176632C1 (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2001-12-10 | Забелин Леонид Васильевич | Water-containing frost-resistant explosive |
US6562160B2 (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2003-05-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Airbag propellant |
RU2199540C2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2003-02-27 | Федеральный научно-производственный центр "Алтай" | Method of synthesis of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo-[5,5,0,03,11, 05,9]-dodecane |
RU2226522C2 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2004-04-10 | ООО Научно-техническая фирма "ВЗРЫВТЕХНОЛОГИЯ" | Gunpowder explosive composition and a method for preparation thereof |
CA2434859A1 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-01-11 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Of Her Majesty's Canadian Government | Flash-ignitable energetic material |
US20040073077A1 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2004-04-15 | Alfred Kornel | Decomposition of nitrogen-based energetic material |
RU2247102C1 (en) * | 2003-08-25 | 2005-02-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие Федеральный научно-производственный центр "Алтай" | Explosive |
RU2252925C1 (en) | 2003-10-28 | 2005-05-27 | Институт проблем химико-энергетических технологий СО РАН | Explosive composition |
RU2244703C1 (en) | 2003-12-02 | 2005-01-20 | Инновационный фонд "Развития и взаимосвязи культур, наук, образований, религий, обществ, стран" ("РиВКНОРОС") | Stabilizer of chemical resistance of blasting powders, solid rocket propellants and gas-generating compositions based on nitro-cellulose and a method of their treatment |
US8092623B1 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2012-01-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Igniter composition, and related methods and devices |
-
2006
- 2006-10-16 RU RU2006136245/02A patent/RU2318789C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2007
- 2007-10-12 US US12/445,387 patent/US20100096050A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2007-10-12 EP EP07861028.4A patent/EP2128117A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-10-12 JP JP2009533273A patent/JP2010506821A/en active Pending
- 2007-10-12 WO PCT/RU2007/000556 patent/WO2008048146A2/en active Application Filing
-
2012
- 2012-05-16 US US13/473,369 patent/US20120291931A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB582621A (en) * | 1942-06-15 | 1946-11-22 | Donald Hugh Hall | Propellent explosives |
US3092968A (en) * | 1957-11-06 | 1963-06-11 | Atlantic Res Corp | Process for generating gases and apparatus therefor |
US3107187A (en) * | 1959-02-05 | 1963-10-15 | Atlantic Res Corp | Propellant compositions |
US4128443A (en) * | 1975-07-24 | 1978-12-05 | Pawlak Daniel E | Deflagrating propellant compositions |
US4764231A (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1988-08-16 | Atlas Powder Company | Well stimulation process and low velocity explosive formulation |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of WO2008048146A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20100096050A1 (en) | 2010-04-22 |
RU2318789C1 (en) | 2008-03-10 |
US20120291931A1 (en) | 2012-11-22 |
JP2010506821A (en) | 2010-03-04 |
WO2008048146A2 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
WO2008048146A3 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
EP2128117A4 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Akhavan | The chemistry of explosives 4E | |
Cooper | Explosives engineering | |
Klapötke | Chemistry of high-energy materials | |
Cooper et al. | Introduction to the Technology of Explosives | |
US5468313A (en) | Plastisol explosive | |
WO1994020815A1 (en) | Non-detonable and non-explosive explosive simulators | |
US4304614A (en) | Zirconium hydride containing explosive composition | |
US5445690A (en) | Environmentally neutral reformulation of military explosives and propellants | |
US4196026A (en) | Donor free radical explosive composition | |
US20120291931A1 (en) | Composite compound including explosive and modifier for explosive and method of manufacture thereof | |
Oxley | The chemistry of explosives | |
US3489623A (en) | Process of gelling tmetn nitrocellulose explosives using nitroparaffin solvents and tmetn nitrocellulose explosive gels | |
US3473982A (en) | Nitrocellulose explosive containing a charcoal binder-oxidizer mixture | |
US3278350A (en) | Explosive-ammonium nitrate in phenol-aldehyde resin | |
Hopler | The history, development, and characteristics of explosives and propellants | |
Behera et al. | Recent Progress in Explosives: A Brief Review | |
US2708623A (en) | Explosive compound, process of making same and a composition thereof | |
Szala | Development trends in artillery ammunition propellants | |
Osmont et al. | Overview of energetic materials | |
US6645325B1 (en) | Fast-burning nitrocellulose compositions | |
Boileau et al. | Explosives | |
Lee | Explosives development and fundamentals of explosives technology | |
US3567805A (en) | Method of making a propellant grain containing metal wire staple | |
Kubota | Propellant chemistry | |
Hawass et al. | Metals percentage effect in flame retardants industry |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20090904 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR |
|
DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20131001 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: C06B 23/00 20060101ALI20130925BHEP Ipc: C06B 25/00 20060101AFI20130925BHEP Ipc: C06D 5/00 20060101ALI20130925BHEP |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: ZAO IFOKHIM |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20150819 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20170503 |