EP2124009A2 - Gemischter Kohlenschaum/Metallschaum Wärmetauscher - Google Patents
Gemischter Kohlenschaum/Metallschaum Wärmetauscher Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2124009A2 EP2124009A2 EP09250904A EP09250904A EP2124009A2 EP 2124009 A2 EP2124009 A2 EP 2124009A2 EP 09250904 A EP09250904 A EP 09250904A EP 09250904 A EP09250904 A EP 09250904A EP 2124009 A2 EP2124009 A2 EP 2124009A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- thermally
- foam layer
- type
- foam
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000006262 metallic foam Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 23
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009419 refurbishment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/003—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0062—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by spaced plates with inserted elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
- F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
Definitions
- the disclosure relates to ram air heat exchangers for aircraft. More particularly, the disclosure relates to a mixed carbon foam/metallic heat exchanger having thermally conductive carbon foam layers which alternate with metal foam layers to allow for the fabrication of heat exchanger cores using materials having vastly different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE).
- CTE coefficients of thermal expansion
- metallic and carbon elements may be used in fabrication of the heat exchanger core.
- the metallic and carbon elements used in fabrication of the heat exchanger core may have different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE). Therefore, during fabrication, high-temperature vacuum brazing processes may generate thermal stresses within the heat exchanger core during the heat-up and cooldown phases of the brazing process.
- the disclosure is generally directed to a heat exchanger.
- An illustrative embodiment of the heat exchanger includes a thermally-conductive fluid barrier having first and second surfaces, at least one first type of foam element placed in thermally-conductive contact with the first surface of the thermally-conductive fluid barrier and having a first coefficient of thermal expansion and at least one second type of foam element placed in thermally-conductive contact with the second surface of the thermally-conductive fluid barrier and having a second coefficient of thermal expansion.
- the first coefficient of thermal expansion of the first type of foam element and the second coefficient of thermal expansion of the second type of foam element are different by at least a factor of three.
- the disclosure is further generally directed to a mixed carbon foam/metallic foam heat exchanger method.
- An illustrative embodiment of the method includes providing a reticulated metal foam layer, providing a thermally conductive carbon foam layer in thermally-conductive contact with the reticulated metal foam layer, distributing a first fluid through the reticulated metal foam layer and distributing a second fluid through the carbon foam layer.
- the heat exchanger 1 may include a heat exchanger frame 2 which may be aluminum, for example and without limitation, and may include an upper end plate 3; a lower end plate 4 placed in an opposed relationship with respect to the upper end plate 3; and spaced apart end plates 5 at respective ends of the upper end plate 3 and the lower end plate 4.
- a heat exchanger frame 2 which may be aluminum, for example and without limitation, and may include an upper end plate 3; a lower end plate 4 placed in an opposed relationship with respect to the upper end plate 3; and spaced apart end plates 5 at respective ends of the upper end plate 3 and the lower end plate 4.
- carbon foam layers 14 may be exposed through plate slots 6 which separate adjacent side bar members 5 from each other.
- At least one ductile thermal management material layer 10 may be provided in the heat exchanger frame 2.
- the ductile thermal management material layer 10 may be reticulated metal foam such as reticulated aluminum foam, for example and without limitation.
- the fluids in the heat exchanger may require the use of other ductile materials such as copper, copper alloys, stainless steels, nickel alloys, etc.
- At least one thermally conductive carbon foam layer 14 may be provided in the heat exchanger frame 2 in thermally-conductive contact with at least one ductile thermal management material layer 10.
- the carbon foam may, in certain applications be replaced by other foams, such as a ceramic.
- the ductile thermal management material layer 10 and the thermally conductive carbon foam layer 14 may have different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs), for example the CTEs of the two materials may differ by a factor of three or more.
- CTEs coefficients of thermal expansion
- each ductile thermal management material layer 10 may be separated from each carbon foam layer 14 by a thermally-conductive fluid barrier 18. Accordingly, the ductile thermal management material layer 10 may be attached to a first surface 18a and the carbon foam layer 14 may be attached to a second surface 18b of the thermally-conductive fluid barrier 18 according to the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
- the thermally-conductive fluid barrier 18 may be a metal braze foil layer, for example and without limitation.
- multiple stress relief blind slots 11 may extend into each ductile thermal management material layer 10.
- the stress relief blind slots 11 may be placed in generally parallel, staggered relationship with respect to each other and may be oriented in generally perpendicular relationship with respect to a longitudinal axis of the ductile thermal management layer 10.
- Each stress relief slot 11 may or may not extend across the entire thickness of the ductile thermal management material layer 10.
- stress relief blind slots 15 may also be provided in the thermally conductive carbon foam layer 14 and each may or may not extend across the entire thickness of the carbon foam layer 14.
- the stress relief blind slots 11 and stress relief blind slots 15 may provide stress relief for the heat exchanger 1 during manufacturing and in operation.
- the stress relief blind slots 11 and stress relief blind slots 15 may provide control of fluid flow losses through the ductile thermal management material layer 10 and the thermally conductive carbon foam layer 14 ,respectively, in operation of the heat exchanger 1.
- the ductile thermal management material layers 10 and the thermally conductive carbon foam layers 14 may be arranged in the heat exchanger frame 2 in alternating relationship with respect to each other, with each carbon foam layer 14 sandwiched between a pair of ductile thermal management material layers 10.
- the heat exchanger frame 2 may include multiple side bar members 7 each of which may extend into a plate slot 6 between the end plates 5 at respective ends of the heat exchanger frame 2. Each side bar member 7 may be generally placed between ductile thermal management material layers 10 and generally adjacent to a thermally conductive carbon foam layer 14.
- CTE induced thermal stresses may be a function of length scale. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 , the thermally conductive carbon foam layers 14 may be segmented in multiple sections and tolerance-fitted together in the heat exchanger frame 2. Segmentation of the carbon foam layers 14 may reduce the total length scale between each element of the carbon foam layers 14 and the metallic portions of the heat exchanger 1 such as the various elements of the heat exchanger frame 2, for example and without limitation, to reduce CTE induced thermal stresses between the carbon foam layers 14 and those metallic portions of the heat exchanger 1 during operation of the heat exchanger 1.
- a vacuum brazing process may be used as is known to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the ductile thermal management material layers 10 and the thermally conductive carbon foam layers 14, separated by thermally-conductive fluid barriers 18, may be stacked and brazed together during fabrication. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that during the vacuum brazing process, the high thermal stresses resulting from thermal expansion and contraction induced in the heat exchanger frame 2 of the heat exchanger 1 may be absorbed by the ductile thermal management material layers 10. The thermal management material layers 10 may not transfer the thermal stresses from the heat exchanger frame 2 to the thermally conductive carbon foam layers 14. This may prevent the application of excessive thermally induced stress on the carbon foam layers 14.
- a first slot (not shown) may be placed in fluid communication with the ductile thermal management material layers 10 and a second slot (not shown) may be placed in fluid communication with the thermally conductive carbon foam layers 14.
- a first fluid (not shown) may be distributed from the first slot through the thermal management material layers 10, and a second fluid (not shown) may be distributed from the second slot through the carbon foam layers 14.
- heat may be transferred by convection and conduction from the hotter to the cooler of the first fluid and the second fluid through the thermally-conductive fluid barrier 18 ( FIG. 2B ).
- the high thermal stresses resulting from thermal expansion induced in the heat exchanger 1 by the hotter of the first fluid and the second fluid may be absorbed by the ductile thermal management material 10. This may prevent the application of excessive thermally induced stress on the carbon foam layers 14.
- the upper end plate 3, lower end plate 4 and side bar members 5 of the heat exchanger frame 2 may prevent loss of fluid from the heat exchanger 1.
- a flow diagram 500 which illustrates an illustrative embodiment of a mixed carbon foam/metallic foam heat exchanger method is shown.
- a reticulated metal foam layer is provided.
- a thermally-conductive fluid barrier is provided in thermally conductive contact with the reticulated metal foam layer.
- a thermally conductive carbon foam layer is provided in thermally-conductive contact with the thermally-conductive fluid barrier.
- a first fluid is distributed through the reticulated metal foam layer.
- a second fluid is distributed through the carbon foam layer. Heat is transferred from the hotter to the cooler of the first fluid and the second fluid.
- the reticulated metal foam layer may absorb stresses which are induced by thermal expansion during transfer of the heat between the fluids, minimizing or eliminating thermal stresses exerted on the carbon foam layer.
- embodiments of the disclosure may be used in the context of an aircraft manufacturing and service method 78 as shown in FIG. 6 and an aircraft 94 as shown in FIG. 7 .
- exemplary method 78 may include specification and design 80 of the aircraft 94 and material procurement 82.
- component and subassembly manufacturing 84 and system integration 86 of the aircraft 94 takes place.
- the aircraft 94 may go through certification and delivery 88 in order to be placed in service 90.
- the aircraft 94 may be scheduled for routine maintenance and service 92 (which may also include modification, reconfiguration, refurbishment, and so on).
- Each of the processes of method 78 may be performed or carried out by a system integrator, a third party, and/or an operator (e.g., a customer).
- a system integrator may include without limitation any number of aircraft manufacturers and major-system subcontractors
- a third party may include without limitation any number of vendors, subcontractors, and suppliers
- an operator may be an airline, leasing company, military entity, service organization, and so on.
- the aircraft 94 produced by exemplary method 78 may include an airframe 98 with a plurality of systems 96 and an interior 100.
- high-level systems 96 include one or more of a propulsion system 102, an electrical system 104, a hydraulic system 106, and an environmental system 108. Any number of other systems may be included.
- an aerospace example is shown, the principles of the invention may be applied to other industries, such as the automotive industry.
- the apparatus embodied herein may be employed during any one or more of the stages of the production and service method 78.
- components or subassemblies corresponding to production process 84 may be fabricated or manufactured in a manner similar to components or subassemblies produced while the aircraft 94 is in service.
- one or more apparatus embodiments may be utilized during the production stages 84 and 86, for example, by substantially expediting assembly of or reducing the cost of an aircraft 94.
- one or more apparatus embodiments may be utilized while the aircraft 94 is in service, for example and without limitation, to maintenance and service 92.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US12/124,092 US20090288814A1 (en) | 2008-05-20 | 2008-05-20 | Mixed Carbon Foam/Metallic Heat Exchanger |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2124009A2 true EP2124009A2 (de) | 2009-11-25 |
EP2124009A3 EP2124009A3 (de) | 2013-08-21 |
EP2124009B1 EP2124009B1 (de) | 2014-11-05 |
Family
ID=40954750
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09250904.1A Active EP2124009B1 (de) | 2008-05-20 | 2009-03-27 | Gemischter Kohlenschaum/Metallschaum Wärmetauscher |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090288814A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2124009B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2659944C (de) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2012106606A3 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2012-09-27 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Heat exchanger with foam fins |
EP2333475A3 (de) * | 2009-12-03 | 2013-05-01 | The Boeing Company | Kühlplatte mit Keramikschaum-Element |
CN103206879A (zh) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-17 | 江苏联合热交换系统有限公司 | 石墨泡沫材料换热器及其制备方法 |
WO2013086388A3 (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-08-08 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | System and method for desalination of water using a graphite foam material |
US9464847B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2016-10-11 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Shell-and-tube heat exchangers with foam heat transfer units |
US9951997B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2018-04-24 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Staged graphite foam heat exchangers |
DE102013218164B4 (de) | 2012-09-14 | 2018-12-20 | GM Global Technology Operations, LLC (n.d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) | Ladeluftkühler |
CN113670098A (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-19 | 天津大学合肥创新发展研究院 | 一种金属泡沫基印刷电路板式烟气换热器 |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103052853B (zh) * | 2010-08-05 | 2016-03-30 | 富士通株式会社 | 吸附式热泵 |
WO2012106601A2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2012-08-09 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Radial-flow heat exchanger with foam heat exchange fins |
US9016633B2 (en) | 2011-06-13 | 2015-04-28 | The Boeing Company | Electromechanical actuator (EMA) heat sink integrated de-icing system |
US9756764B2 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2017-09-05 | Aerovironment, Inc. | Thermal management system for an aircraft avionics bay |
US8995131B2 (en) | 2011-08-29 | 2015-03-31 | Aerovironment, Inc. | Heat transfer system for aircraft structures |
US9182175B2 (en) | 2011-12-01 | 2015-11-10 | The Boeing Company | Anti-icing heat exchanger |
US9074829B2 (en) * | 2011-12-01 | 2015-07-07 | The Boeing Company | Lightweight high temperature heat exchanger |
KR101583921B1 (ko) * | 2014-05-02 | 2016-01-11 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 차량용 열교환기 제조장치 및 제조방법 |
FR3045226B1 (fr) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-12-22 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | Dispositif de refroidissement de gaz chauds dans un appareillage haute tension |
US10723437B2 (en) | 2017-05-30 | 2020-07-28 | The Boeing Company | System for structurally integrated thermal management for thin wing aircraft control surface actuators |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2448315A (en) * | 1945-02-14 | 1948-08-31 | Gen Motors Corp | Combination restrictor and heat exchanger |
US4795618A (en) * | 1984-09-26 | 1989-01-03 | Michael Laumen | Heat exchanger |
US20040103660A1 (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2004-06-03 | Ship & Ocean Foundation | Heat exchanger applicable to fuel-reforming system and turbo-generator system |
WO2005054768A1 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2005-06-16 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Two-fluid heat exchangers and methods for manufacturing a metallic foam for two-fluid heat exchangers |
Family Cites Families (10)
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US3262190A (en) * | 1961-07-10 | 1966-07-26 | Iit Res Inst | Method for the production of metallic heat transfer bodies |
US3306353A (en) * | 1964-12-23 | 1967-02-28 | Olin Mathieson | Heat exchanger with sintered metal matrix around tubes |
US3595310A (en) * | 1969-11-12 | 1971-07-27 | Olin Corp | Modular units and use thereof in heat exchangers |
DE19701680C2 (de) * | 1997-01-18 | 2001-08-02 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Diamantkörper |
US6673328B1 (en) * | 2000-03-06 | 2004-01-06 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Pitch-based carbon foam and composites and uses thereof |
US6405792B1 (en) * | 2001-07-24 | 2002-06-18 | Thermal Corp. | Compact fluid to fluid heat exchanger |
US7013956B2 (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2006-03-21 | Thermal Corp. | Heat pipe evaporator with porous valve |
US7331381B2 (en) * | 2006-02-16 | 2008-02-19 | Allcomp, Inc. | Hybrid heat exchangers |
US8127829B2 (en) * | 2006-09-06 | 2012-03-06 | United Technologies Corporation | Metal foam heat exchanger |
US8171986B2 (en) * | 2008-04-02 | 2012-05-08 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Foam metal heat exchanger system |
-
2008
- 2008-05-20 US US12/124,092 patent/US20090288814A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-03-25 CA CA2659944A patent/CA2659944C/en active Active
- 2009-03-27 EP EP09250904.1A patent/EP2124009B1/de active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2448315A (en) * | 1945-02-14 | 1948-08-31 | Gen Motors Corp | Combination restrictor and heat exchanger |
US4795618A (en) * | 1984-09-26 | 1989-01-03 | Michael Laumen | Heat exchanger |
US20040103660A1 (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2004-06-03 | Ship & Ocean Foundation | Heat exchanger applicable to fuel-reforming system and turbo-generator system |
WO2005054768A1 (en) * | 2003-11-24 | 2005-06-16 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Two-fluid heat exchangers and methods for manufacturing a metallic foam for two-fluid heat exchangers |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2333475A3 (de) * | 2009-12-03 | 2013-05-01 | The Boeing Company | Kühlplatte mit Keramikschaum-Element |
US8720828B2 (en) | 2009-12-03 | 2014-05-13 | The Boeing Company | Extended plug cold plate |
WO2012106606A3 (en) * | 2011-02-04 | 2012-09-27 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Heat exchanger with foam fins |
CN103429982A (zh) * | 2011-02-04 | 2013-12-04 | 洛克希德马丁公司 | 具有泡沫翅片的换热器 |
US9080818B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2015-07-14 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Heat exchanger with foam fins |
CN103429982B (zh) * | 2011-02-04 | 2016-06-29 | 洛克希德马丁公司 | 具有泡沫翅片的换热器 |
US9464847B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2016-10-11 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Shell-and-tube heat exchangers with foam heat transfer units |
US9951997B2 (en) | 2011-02-04 | 2018-04-24 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Staged graphite foam heat exchangers |
WO2013086388A3 (en) * | 2011-12-08 | 2013-08-08 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | System and method for desalination of water using a graphite foam material |
DE102013218164B4 (de) | 2012-09-14 | 2018-12-20 | GM Global Technology Operations, LLC (n.d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) | Ladeluftkühler |
CN103206879A (zh) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-07-17 | 江苏联合热交换系统有限公司 | 石墨泡沫材料换热器及其制备方法 |
CN113670098A (zh) * | 2021-08-31 | 2021-11-19 | 天津大学合肥创新发展研究院 | 一种金属泡沫基印刷电路板式烟气换热器 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2124009B1 (de) | 2014-11-05 |
CA2659944A1 (en) | 2009-11-20 |
CA2659944C (en) | 2014-08-26 |
US20090288814A1 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
EP2124009A3 (de) | 2013-08-21 |
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