EP2122031A2 - Steam permissive and water non permissive screen, and method for making same - Google Patents

Steam permissive and water non permissive screen, and method for making same

Info

Publication number
EP2122031A2
EP2122031A2 EP08762087A EP08762087A EP2122031A2 EP 2122031 A2 EP2122031 A2 EP 2122031A2 EP 08762087 A EP08762087 A EP 08762087A EP 08762087 A EP08762087 A EP 08762087A EP 2122031 A2 EP2122031 A2 EP 2122031A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
natural
nonwoven
screen
web
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08762087A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pierre-Etienne Bindschedler
Marie Valentin
Rémi Perrin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Soprema SAS
Original Assignee
Soprema SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Soprema SAS filed Critical Soprema SAS
Publication of EP2122031A2 publication Critical patent/EP2122031A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H13/00—Other non-woven fabrics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/26—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it also being fibrous or filamentary
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/498—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres entanglement of layered webs
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M10/00—Physical treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, e.g. ultrasonic, corona discharge, irradiation, electric currents, or magnetic fields; Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
    • D06M10/04—Physical treatment combined with treatment with chemical compounds or elements
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M13/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M13/10—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with non-macromolecular organic compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with compounds containing oxygen
    • D06M13/184—Carboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D06M13/188—Monocarboxylic acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M14/00—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials
    • D06M14/02—Graft polymerisation of monomers containing carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds on to fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials on to materials of natural origin
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D12/00—Non-structural supports for roofing materials, e.g. battens, boards
    • E04D12/002—Sheets of flexible material, e.g. roofing tile underlay
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D5/00—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form
    • E04D5/10—Roof covering by making use of flexible material, e.g. supplied in roll form by making use of compounded or laminated materials, e.g. metal foils or plastic films coated with bitumen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/184—Nonwoven scrim
    • Y10T442/191—Inorganic fiber-containing scrim
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/10—Scrim [e.g., open net or mesh, gauze, loose or open weave or knit, etc.]
    • Y10T442/184—Nonwoven scrim
    • Y10T442/198—Coated or impregnated

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of products in the form of lightweight and flexible screens, used in the building, civil engineering and public works as a coating or protective cover, and relates to a screen permeable to steam water and waterproof, including under-roof screen, rain screen, air barrier screen or the like, and its method of manufacture.
  • screens of the aforementioned type were generally made in the form of thin bituminous membranes, consisting of a nonwoven reinforcement of synthetic fibers, coated with bitumen.
  • membranes are already known which can form a screen permeable to water vapor and impermeable to water.
  • the present invention provides a screen permeable to water vapor and impermeable to water, including under-roof screen, rain screen, air barrier screen or the like, characterized in that it is mainly (that is to say essentially or only) constituted by a nonwoven formed of a web or a veil mainly of natural fibers, preferably of vegetable origin, having at least undergone a binding operation by liquid jets under pressure, or hydrolysis, and a hydrophobation treatment.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing a screen permeable to vapor and impermeable to water, characterized in that it consists in providing natural fibers, preferably of plant origin, to be formed, possibly after carding, a web or a nonwoven web (e) with these fibers by mechanical or pneumatic topping, to then subject said web to a consolidating operation by hydrolysis or bonding by jets of liquid under pressure and, finally, to submit the nonwoven web woven consolidated to a hydrophobation treatment.
  • the invention provides a solution to meet the demand expressed above and to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the screen according to the invention has a one-component constitution since the consolidated web, whose fibers have been made hydrophobic, simultaneously performs the functions of mechanical strength and impermeability to water / gas permeability.
  • FIGS. are partial sectional views of a screen according to two embodiments of the invention, Figures 2A, 2B and 2C illustrating three variants of the second embodiment.
  • the screen 1 is essentially (FIG. 2) or only (FIG. 1) constituted by a nonwoven formed of a sheet or a veil mainly of natural fibers 2, with a substantially homogeneous distribution. and random orientation, preferably of plant origin, having at least underwent a binding operation by liquid jets under pressure, or hydrolysis, and a hydrophobation treatment.
  • the nonwoven in the form of fibrous web is formed at least 75% by weight of natural fibers, preferably of vegetable origin. Said nonwoven may also be formed exclusively of such fibers.
  • the nonwoven fibrous web has a weight per unit area of between 75 g / m 2 and 500 g / m 2 , advantageously between 100 g / m 2 and 300 g / m 2 , preferably of the order of 150 g / m 2 , and a thickness less than 2.5 mm, preferably of the order of 1.0 mm.
  • the natural fibers are natural fibers.
  • vegetable fibers treated or not, selected from the group consisting of flax fibers, cotton, jute, hemp, bamboo, kenaf and sisal, as well as mixtures of such fibers.
  • vegetable fibers 2 are mainly or solely made of flax fibers, in the form of flax tows and / or refined flax fibers.
  • the natural fibers 2, forming wholly or mainly said nonwoven are fibers made of synthetic material (s) of vegetable origin, chosen from the group formed by the fibers made of viscose, the fibers synthetic fibers derived from cellulose (for example of the type LYOCELL (registered name) from LENZING) and the possible mixtures of these fibers.
  • the hydrophobation treatment must confer on the sheet its water impermeability property (the cellulosic plant fibers are naturally hydrophilic) while not affecting, and in any case not notably, its gas permeability, and more particularly to water vapor, resulting from its discontinuous structure.
  • the substances and materials chosen should have sufficient intrinsic properties of water vapor permeability.
  • the hydrophobation treatment of the web or web is such that the treated natural fibers 2 have fatty acid chlorides grafted onto their structure, resulting from a chemical grafting by chromatogenesis and conferring on said fibers a hydrophobic character, these fatty acid chlorides being advantageously chosen from the group formed by palmitic acid chlorides and stearic acid chlorides.
  • the nonwoven web has, naturally because of the type of fibers used, a consolidation without addition of binding or adhering agent, said fibers 2 being interconnected by the crosslinked pectins released during the hydrolysis.
  • said natural fibers 2 are interconnected, if necessary in an additional manner, by an attached binder 3 a bonding operation or activated during a heat treatment operation undergone by the sheet of hydrolized natural fibers.
  • the binding agent attached, solidarizing the plant fibers 2 between them is a binder of natural origin, for example plant or possibly animal example, for example a binder selected from the group consisting of binders based on gluten or starch, in particular corn (for example keratin or similar protein).
  • such a binder can also be chosen from the ester of rosin (polymer of abietic acid - resin in aqueous dispersion), soybean glue (by nature proteinase), casein (of protein nature - dry matter in aqueous phase) and natural rubber latex (polyisoprene + proteins - in aqueous phase).
  • ester of rosin polymer of abietic acid - resin in aqueous dispersion
  • soybean glue by nature proteinase
  • casein of protein nature - dry matter in aqueous phase
  • natural rubber latex polyisoprene + proteins - in aqueous phase
  • the reported binding agent, solidarizing the plant fibers 2 with each other is a hot-melt binder of organic origin with a low melting point, in particular with a melting point of between 100 ° C. and 230 ° C., for example resulting from the melting of thermoplastic synthetic fibers mixed with the natural fibers of vegetable origin in a substantially homogeneous manner, before or during the formation of the nonwoven web and present with a percentage by weight of less than 25%, preferably of the order of 15%.
  • the screen may also comprise a reinforcing structure 4 integrated into the thickness. of the natural fiber layer 2 during the manufacturing process (FIGS. 2A and 2B) or reported on the latter (FIG 2C), this reinforcing structure 4 possibly consisting of a glass or polyester grid or a grid a natural material, especially based on plant fibers, preferably cotton, the latter solution entirely preserving the positive result in terms of LCA.
  • the nonwoven web is formed of natural fibers 2 having undergone treatment by spraying or impregnation, with agents able to modify at less certain of their mechanical, chemical and / or physical characteristics, in particular by increasing their resistance to fire and rot, their hydrophobic character and / or their resistance to UV, and / or by improving their resistance to animals and / or harmful insects.
  • Such a treatment may in particular aim to release the plant fibers 2 from their easily degradable organic components while preserving the long-life components and without substantially affecting the mechanical characteristics of said fibers, or to impregnate or coat these fibers.
  • the screen 1 may have a composite structure and the nonwoven web may comprise on one of its faces, intended to form the exposed face, a liquid waterproof but water vapor permeable film, made of a natural polymeric material, such as a polymer of vegetable origin or an agro-polymer, said film having for example a thickness between 10 and 100 microns and being for example secured to the nonwoven by calendering or extrusion coating. It should be noted that the addition of such a film is not penalizing in terms of LCA.
  • the web may comprise on one of its faces, intended to form the visible face, a film 5 sealed with liquid water but permeable to the water vapor, made of a synthetic or plastic polymer material, preferably recyclable, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane or the like, said film having for example a thickness between 10 and 50 microns and being for example secured to the non-woven by calendering.
  • a film 5 sealed with liquid water but permeable to the water vapor made of a synthetic or plastic polymer material, preferably recyclable, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane or the like, said film having for example a thickness between 10 and 50 microns and being for example secured to the non-woven by calendering.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a screen 1 of the type described above, said method consisting essentially in providing natural fibers 2, preferably of plant origin, to form, possibly after carding, a veil or a nonwoven web (e) with these fibers by mechanical or pneumatic layering, then subjecting said web to consolidation by hydrolysis or jet bonding of pressurized liquid and, finally, subjecting the consolidated nonwoven web to treatment repellent.
  • the web may be formed by a known forming method of the mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic type.
  • the lay density is set such that the basis weight or the basis weight of the resulting sheet is between 75 and 500 g / m 2 , advantageously between 100 and 300 g / m 2 , preferably of the order of about 150 g / m 2 , the consolidation operation reducing the thickness of the sheet so that its thickness at rest, in the absence of stress, is less than 2.5 mm, preferably of the order of 1.0 mm.
  • the type of natural fibers 2 forming the web spring from the possibilities indicated above.
  • the hydrolysis operation is carried out under such conditions, especially in terms of duration and intensity, that it achieves at least a partial release of the pectins contained in the plant fibers 2, these released pectins then being authorized to crosslinked.
  • the hydrophobation treatment consists of grafting fatty acid chlorides onto the structures of the natural fibers of the nonwoven web, by a chemical grafting operation by chromatogenesis. preferably after consolidation, the fatty acid chlorides (s) being chosen from the group formed by palmitic acid chlorides and stearic acid chlorides.
  • the amounts of grafted fatty acid chlorides are advantageously less than 1% by weight of the fibers forming the haze, preferably of the order of 0.2 to 0.3% by weight, the chromatogenesis allowing the homogeneous grafting. in such a small amount.
  • the abovementioned grafting operation may, for example, be derived from that described in European Patent No. 1,007,202 and in the patent
  • FIG. 3 schematically represents a possibility of carrying out such a hydrophobation treatment, as well as an installation for its implementation.
  • the fatty acid chloride is deposited by standard printing techniques at a rate of about 5g / m.
  • the passage on the heating cylinder vaporizes the acid chloride which is grafted (it is in gaseous phase) on the hydroxyl functions (OH) of the natural fibers.
  • the hydrophobic nature of the natural fibers 2 can also be achieved for example by a fluorine treatment.
  • HUNTSMANN so as to deposit about 8g / m 2 of PHOBOTEX on the fibers of the tablecloth.
  • Such a sheet fulfills the conditions of a W2 classification according to EN 18859-1 provided that the median pore diameter measured in the porometer PSM 165 is of the order of 25 microns and in no case greater than 75 microns.
  • the aim of the invention is to compromise the average pore diameter of the web so that the latter simultaneously exhibits impermeability to water and vapor permeability. of water in accordance with expected values for the type of products covered by the invention.
  • Such a result can be achieved by successive approximation in the context of manufacturing tests implementing one or the other of the aforementioned variants and according to the respective degrees of permeability and impermeability sought.
  • the web obtained according to the invention in accordance with the above methods has the mechanical characteristics required for the intended application, these characteristics not being significantly affected by the hydrophobation treatment.
  • the latter may further consist of:
  • an additional reinforcement structure 4 by integrating it into said web, during the layering or during the consolidation, or by relating it to one of the faces of the latter, this structure 4 being chosen in the group formed by the glass grids, polyester grids and grids of a natural material, for example based on vegetable fibers, such as cotton or the like; - Subjecting the natural fibers 2, before coating or after obtaining the consolidated nonwoven web, to a treatment by spraying or impregnation, with agents capable of modifying at least some of their mechanical, chemical and / or physical characteristics, in particular by increasing their resistance to fire and rot, their hydrophobic character and their resistance to UV;
  • the nonwoven web after hydrolysis, to an additional consolidation operation, either by spraying or impregnation with a binding agent of natural origin, for example vegetable or possibly animal, for example a binding agent selected from the group formed by binders based on gluten or starch, in particular corn, or by a heat treatment under pressure, for example by hot calendering, the nonwoven web then being constituted by a mixture substantially homogeneous natural fibers and hot melt fibers of organic origin low melting point, preferably between 100 0 C and 230 0 C, the weight percentage of said hot melt fibers in the mixture being less than 25%, preferably of the order about 15%.
  • a binding agent of natural origin for example vegetable or possibly animal
  • a binding agent selected from the group formed by binders based on gluten or starch, in particular corn or by a heat treatment under pressure, for example by hot calendering
  • the nonwoven web then being constituted by a mixture substantially homogeneous natural fibers and hot melt fibers of organic origin low melting point, preferably between 100 0
  • a film 5 waterproof liquid water but permeable to water vapor made of a natural polymer material, such as a polymer of plant origin or an agro -polymer, said film having for example a thickness of between 10 and 100 microns and being for example secured to the nonwoven by calendering.
  • a waterproof film 5 liquid water but permeable to water vapor made of a synthetic or plastic polymer material, preferably recyclable, such as polyethylene, polypropylene , polyurethane or the like, said film having for example a thickness of between 10 and 50 microns and being for example secured to the nonwoven by calendering.

Abstract

The invention relates to a steam permissive and water non-permissive screen, particularly a sub-roof screen, a rain-proof screen, an air-proof screen or the like. The screen (1) is characterised in that it mainly comprises a non-woven fabric made of a mat or a web of a majority of natural fibres (2), preferably vegetable fibres, that has been submitted to a binding operation by pressurised liquid jets, or hydrobinding, and to a hydrophobation process.

Description

Ecran perméable à la vapeur d'eau et imperméable à l'eau et son procédé de fabrication Water vapor permeable and impermeable screen and method of manufacture
La présente invention concerne le domaine des produits sous forme d'écrans légers et souples, utilisés dans le bâtiment, le génie civil et les travaux publics en tant que revêtement ou couverture de protection, et a pour objet un écran perméable à la vapeur d'eau et imperméable à l'eau, notamment écran de sous-toiture, écran pare -pluie, écran pare-air ou analogue, et son procédé de fabrication.The present invention relates to the field of products in the form of lightweight and flexible screens, used in the building, civil engineering and public works as a coating or protective cover, and relates to a screen permeable to steam water and waterproof, including under-roof screen, rain screen, air barrier screen or the like, and its method of manufacture.
Jusqu'à récemment, les écrans du type précité étaient généralement réalisés sous la forme de membranes bitumineuses de faible épaisseur, consistant en une armature non tissée de fibres synthétiques, enduite de bitume.Until recently, screens of the aforementioned type were generally made in the form of thin bituminous membranes, consisting of a nonwoven reinforcement of synthetic fibers, coated with bitumen.
Toutefois, ces écrans bitumineux sont actuellement de plus en plus fréquemment remplacés par des écrans synthétiques dits HPV, pour Haute Perméabilité à la Vapeur d'eau.However, these bituminous screens are currently more and more frequently replaced by so-called HPV synthetic screens, for High Permeability to Water Vapor.
Les deux types de réalisation d'écran perméable à la vapeur et imperméable à l'eau évoqués ci-dessus, présentent plusieurs inconvénients puisqu'ils utilisent des matériaux dérivés des matières premières fossiles et non renouvelables, nécessitent des quantités d'énergie importantes pour leur obtention et leur transformation et/ou sont difficilement, voire non recyclables. Ces différents facteurs négatifs sont particulièrement pénalisants dans le cadre de l'ICV (Inventaire du Cycle de Vie) de produits, et confèrent à ces derniers un résultat d'ACV (Analyse du Cycle de Vie) très peu favorable.The two types of embodiment of vapor permeable and waterproof screen mentioned above, have several drawbacks since they use materials derived from fossil and non-renewable raw materials, require significant amounts of energy for their use. obtaining and their transformation and / or are difficult or non-recyclable. These various negative factors are particularly penalizing in the context of the LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) products, and give them a result of LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) very unfavorable.
De plus, un tel écran devra répondre aux critères et exigences des normes EN 13859.In addition, such a screen must meet the criteria and requirements of EN 13859 standards.
Par les documents EP-A-I 010 801, US-A-2002/0071944 et US-A-2006/0160453, on connaît déjà des membranes susceptibles de former un écran perméable à la vapeur d'eau et imperméable à l'eau.By documents EP-A-I 010 801, US-A-2002/0071944 and US-A-2006/0160453, membranes are already known which can form a screen permeable to water vapor and impermeable to water.
Toutefois, ces membranes connues présentent toutes des structures composites complexes (laminats), lesquelles comprennent au moins une première composante réalisant la fonction de tenue mécanique et au moins une seconde composante distincte réalisant la fonction d'imperméabilité à l'eau et de perméabilité aux gaz. De plus, les deux fonctions précitées doivent être combinées lors d'une étape supplémentaire du procédé de fabrication telle qu'une étape de laminage, contrecollage, pulvérisation ou analogue.However, these known membranes all have complex composite structures (laminates), which comprise at least one first component performing the mechanical strength function and at least one second distinct component providing the function of impermeability to water and gas permeability. . In addition, both The above functions are to be combined in an additional step of the manufacturing process such as rolling, laminating, spraying or the like.
Il existe, par conséquent, un besoin pour un écran du type précité surmontant les inconvénients mentionnés ci-dessus, tout en présentant sensiblement les mêmes performances et propriétés et en étant d'un prix de revient sensiblement équivalent et relativement simple à fabriquer.There is, therefore, a need for a screen of the aforementioned type overcoming the drawbacks mentioned above, while having substantially the same performance and properties and being a substantially equivalent cost and relatively simple to manufacture.
Pour répondre à ce besoin, la présente invention propose un écran perméable à la vapeur d'eau et imperméable à l'eau, notamment écran de sous-toiture, écran pare -pluie, écran pare-air ou analogue, caractérisé en ce qu'il est principalement (c'est-à-dire essentiellement ou uniquement) constitué par un non tissé formé d'une nappe ou d'un voile majoritairement de fibres naturelles, préférentiellement d'origine végétale, ayant au moins subi une opération de liage par jets liquides sous pression, ou hydroliage, et un traitement d'hydrophobation.To meet this need, the present invention provides a screen permeable to water vapor and impermeable to water, including under-roof screen, rain screen, air barrier screen or the like, characterized in that it is mainly (that is to say essentially or only) constituted by a nonwoven formed of a web or a veil mainly of natural fibers, preferably of vegetable origin, having at least undergone a binding operation by liquid jets under pressure, or hydrolysis, and a hydrophobation treatment.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un écran perméable à la vapeur et imperméable à l'eau, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à fournir des fibres naturelles, préférentiellement d'origine végétale, à former, éventuellement après cardage, un voile ou une nappe non tissé(e) avec ces fibres par nappage mécanique ou pneumatique, à soumettre ensuite ledit voile à une opération de consolidation par hydroliage ou liage par jets de liquide sous pression et, enfin, à soumettre le voile non tissé consolidé à un traitement d'hydrophobation. Ainsi, l'invention fournit une solution permettant de répondre à la demande exprimée ci-dessus et permettant de surmonter les inconvénients précités. En effet, l'écran selon l'invention présente une constitution monocomposante puisque le voile consolidé, dont les fibres ont été rendues hydrophobes, assure simultanément les fonctions de tenue mécanique et d'imperméabilité à l'eau/perméabilité aux gaz.The subject of the invention is also a method for manufacturing a screen permeable to vapor and impermeable to water, characterized in that it consists in providing natural fibers, preferably of plant origin, to be formed, possibly after carding, a web or a nonwoven web (e) with these fibers by mechanical or pneumatic topping, to then subject said web to a consolidating operation by hydrolysis or bonding by jets of liquid under pressure and, finally, to submit the nonwoven web woven consolidated to a hydrophobation treatment. Thus, the invention provides a solution to meet the demand expressed above and to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. Indeed, the screen according to the invention has a one-component constitution since the consolidated web, whose fibers have been made hydrophobic, simultaneously performs the functions of mechanical strength and impermeability to water / gas permeability.
L'invention sera mieux comprise, grâce à la description ci- après, qui se rapporte à des modes de réalisation préférés, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, et expliqué avec référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels les figures 1 et 2 sont des vues partielles en coupe d'un écran selon deux modes de réalisation de l'invention, les figures 2A, 2B et 2C illustrant trois variantes du second mode de réalisation. Comme le montrent les figures 1 et 2, l'écran 1 est essentiellement (figures 2) ou uniquement (figure 1) constitué par un non tissé formé d'une nappe ou d'un voile majoritairement de fibres naturelles 2, à répartition sensiblement homogène et à orientation aléatoire, préférentiellement d'origine végétale, ayant au moins subi une opération de liage par jets liquides sous pression, ou hydroliage, et un traitement d'hydrophobation.The invention will be better understood, thanks to the following description, which relates to preferred embodiments, given by way of non-limiting example, and explained with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which FIGS. are partial sectional views of a screen according to two embodiments of the invention, Figures 2A, 2B and 2C illustrating three variants of the second embodiment. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the screen 1 is essentially (FIG. 2) or only (FIG. 1) constituted by a nonwoven formed of a sheet or a veil mainly of natural fibers 2, with a substantially homogeneous distribution. and random orientation, preferably of plant origin, having at least underwent a binding operation by liquid jets under pressure, or hydrolysis, and a hydrophobation treatment.
De manière avantageuse, le non tissé sous forme de nappe fibreuse est formé à au moins 75 % en poids de fibres naturelles, préférentiellement d'origine végétale. Ledit non tissé peut également être formé exclusivement de telles fibres.Advantageously, the nonwoven in the form of fibrous web is formed at least 75% by weight of natural fibers, preferably of vegetable origin. Said nonwoven may also be formed exclusively of such fibers.
Préférentiellement, la nappe fibreuse non tissée présente une masse surfacique comprise entre 75 g/m2 et 500 g/m2, avantageusement entre 100 g/m2 et 300 g/m2, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 150 g/m2, et une épaisseur inférieure à 2,5 mm, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 1,0 mm.Preferably, the nonwoven fibrous web has a weight per unit area of between 75 g / m 2 and 500 g / m 2 , advantageously between 100 g / m 2 and 300 g / m 2 , preferably of the order of 150 g / m 2 , and a thickness less than 2.5 mm, preferably of the order of 1.0 mm.
Selon une première variante de réalisation, les fibres naturellesAccording to a first variant embodiment, the natural fibers
2, formant exclusivement ou majoritairement ledit non tissé, sont des fibres végétales, traitées ou non, choisies dans le groupe formé par les fibres de lin, de coton, de jute, de chanvre, de bambou, de kénaf et de sisal, ainsi que les mélanges de telles fibres.2, forming exclusively or predominantly said nonwoven, are vegetable fibers, treated or not, selected from the group consisting of flax fibers, cotton, jute, hemp, bamboo, kenaf and sisal, as well as mixtures of such fibers.
Avantageusement, les fibres végétales 2 (traitées ou non) sont principalement ou uniquement constituées de fibres de lin, sous forme d'étoupes de lin et/ou de fibres de lin affinées.Advantageously, vegetable fibers 2 (treated or untreated) are mainly or solely made of flax fibers, in the form of flax tows and / or refined flax fibers.
Selon une seconde variante de réalisation, les fibres naturelles 2, formant entièrement ou majoritairement ledit non tissé, sont des fibres en matériau(x) synthétique(s) d'origine végétale, choisies dans le groupe formé par les fibres en viscose, les fibres synthétiques dérivées de la cellulose (par exemple du type LYOCELL (nom déposé) de la société LENZING) et les mélanges possibles de ces fibres. Le traitement d'hydrophobation doit conférer à la nappe sa propriété d'imperméabilité à l'eau (les fibres végétales cellulosiques sont naturellement hydrophiles) tout en n'affectant pas, et en tout cas pas de manière notable, sa perméabilité aux gaz, et plus particulièrement à la vapeur d'eau, résultant de sa structure discontinue. II y a donc lieu d'éviter en tant que traitement d'hydrophobation ou d'imperméabilisation de la nappe ou du voile, les traitements par enduction, imprégnation ou revêtement avec apport de réactif hydrophobant ou de substance imperméabilisante en quantité non négligeable, susceptible d'aboutir à une structure surfacique continue ou quasi-continue imperméable aux gaz.According to a second variant embodiment, the natural fibers 2, forming wholly or mainly said nonwoven, are fibers made of synthetic material (s) of vegetable origin, chosen from the group formed by the fibers made of viscose, the fibers synthetic fibers derived from cellulose (for example of the type LYOCELL (registered name) from LENZING) and the possible mixtures of these fibers. The hydrophobation treatment must confer on the sheet its water impermeability property (the cellulosic plant fibers are naturally hydrophilic) while not affecting, and in any case not notably, its gas permeability, and more particularly to water vapor, resulting from its discontinuous structure. It is therefore necessary to avoid as hydrophobic treatment or waterproofing of the web or the veil, treatments by coating, impregnation or coating with the addition of hydrophobic reagent or waterproofing substance in a significant amount, likely to result in a continuous or quasi-continuous surface impermeable to gases.
Toutefois, si un tel traitement devait s'avérer nécessaire ou recommandable, les substances et matériaux choisi(e)s devront présenter des propriétés intrinsèques suffisantes de perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau.However, should such treatment be necessary or advisable, the substances and materials chosen should have sufficient intrinsic properties of water vapor permeability.
Conformément à un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le traitement d'hydrophobation de la nappe ou du voile est tel que les fibres naturelles 2 traitées présentent des chlorures d'acide gras greffés sur leur structure, résultant d'un greffage chimique par chromatogénie et conférant auxdites fibres un caractère hydrophobe, ces chlorures d'acide gras étant avantageusement choisis dans le groupe formé par les chlorures d'acide palmitique et les chlorures d'acide stéarique.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hydrophobation treatment of the web or web is such that the treated natural fibers 2 have fatty acid chlorides grafted onto their structure, resulting from a chemical grafting by chromatogenesis and conferring on said fibers a hydrophobic character, these fatty acid chlorides being advantageously chosen from the group formed by palmitic acid chlorides and stearic acid chlorides.
La nappe non tissée présente, de manière naturelle, du fait du type de fibres utilisé, une consolidation sans apport d'agent liant ou adhérent, lesdites fibres 2 étant reliées entre elles par les pectines réticulées libérées lors de l'hydroliage.The nonwoven web has, naturally because of the type of fibers used, a consolidation without addition of binding or adhering agent, said fibers 2 being interconnected by the crosslinked pectins released during the hydrolysis.
Cette liaison pectique des fibres 2 entre elles peut, le cas échéant en fonction de la nature des fibres mises en œuvre, de l'intensité de l'hydroliage et des propriétés et caractéristiques minimales recherchées, être suffisante à elle seule pour assurer les performances mécaniques de l'écranThis pectic connection of the fibers 2 between them can, if necessary depending on the nature of the fibers used, the intensity of the hydrolysis and the properties and minimum characteristics sought, be sufficient on its own to ensure the mechanical performance of the screen
1.1.
Toutefois, lorsque l'application envisagée l'exige ou lorsque leur type n'entraîne pas naturellement une liaison entre elles, lesdites fibres naturelles 2 sont reliées entre elles, le cas échéant de manière supplémentaire, par un agent liant rapporté 3, appliqué lors d'une opération de liage ou activé lors d'une opération de traitement thermique subie par la nappe de fibres naturelles hydroliées.However, when the intended application requires it or when their type does not naturally lead to a connection between them, said natural fibers 2 are interconnected, if necessary in an additional manner, by an attached binder 3 a bonding operation or activated during a heat treatment operation undergone by the sheet of hydrolized natural fibers.
En vue d'éviter un impact négatif sur l'ACV de l'écran selon l'invention, il peut être avantageusement prévu que l'agent liant rapporté, solidarisant les fibres végétales 2 entre elles, est un liant d'origine naturelle, par exemple végétale ou éventuellement animale, par exemple un liant choisi dans le groupe formé par les liants à base de gluten ou d'amidon, notamment de maïs (par exemple kératine ou protéine analogue). En plus des exemples de liant d'origine végétale précités, un tel liant peut également être choisi parmi l'ester de collophane (polymère de l'acide abiétique - résine en dispersion aqueuse), la colle de soja (de nature protéinique), la caséine (de nature protéinique - matière sèche en phase aqueuse) et le latex de caoutchouc naturel (polyisoprène + protéines - en phase aqueuse).In order to avoid a negative impact on the LCA of the screen according to the invention, it may be advantageously provided that the binding agent attached, solidarizing the plant fibers 2 between them, is a binder of natural origin, for example plant or possibly animal example, for example a binder selected from the group consisting of binders based on gluten or starch, in particular corn (for example keratin or similar protein). In addition to the examples of binder of plant origin mentioned above, such a binder can also be chosen from the ester of rosin (polymer of abietic acid - resin in aqueous dispersion), soybean glue (by nature proteinase), casein (of protein nature - dry matter in aqueous phase) and natural rubber latex (polyisoprene + proteins - in aqueous phase).
Selon une autre variante de consolidation de la nappe, limitant sensiblement l'impact négatif en terme d'ACV, l'agent liant rapporté, solidarisant les fibres végétales 2 entre elles, est un liant thermofusible d'origine organique à bas point de fusion, notamment avec un point de fusion compris entre 100 0C et 230 0C, par exemple résultant de la fusion de fibres synthétiques thermoplastiques mélangées aux fibres naturelles d'origine végétale de manière sensiblement homogène, avant ou lors de la formation de la nappe non tissée et présent avec un pourcentage pondéral inférieur à 25 %, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 15 %.According to another variant of consolidation of the web, substantially limiting the negative impact in terms of LCA, the reported binding agent, solidarizing the plant fibers 2 with each other, is a hot-melt binder of organic origin with a low melting point, in particular with a melting point of between 100 ° C. and 230 ° C., for example resulting from the melting of thermoplastic synthetic fibers mixed with the natural fibers of vegetable origin in a substantially homogeneous manner, before or during the formation of the nonwoven web and present with a percentage by weight of less than 25%, preferably of the order of 15%.
Enfin, lorsque l'application envisagé exige des caractéristiques augmentées de résistance et/ou de tenue mécanique, en particulier une amélioration de la tenue à la déchirure au clou, l'écran peut également comprendre une structure de renfort 4, intégrée dans l'épaisseur de la couche de fibres naturelles 2 durant le procédé de fabrication (fig. 2A et 2B) ou rapportée sur cette dernière (fig. 2C), cette structure de renfort 4 pouvant consister en une grille en verre ou en polyester ou en une grille en un matériau naturel, notamment à base de fibres végétales, préférentiellement du coton, cette dernière solution préservant entièrement le résultat positif en terme d'ACV.Finally, when the application envisaged requires enhanced characteristics of strength and / or mechanical strength, in particular an improvement in tear resistance to the nail, the screen may also comprise a reinforcing structure 4 integrated into the thickness. of the natural fiber layer 2 during the manufacturing process (FIGS. 2A and 2B) or reported on the latter (FIG 2C), this reinforcing structure 4 possibly consisting of a glass or polyester grid or a grid a natural material, especially based on plant fibers, preferably cotton, the latter solution entirely preserving the positive result in terms of LCA.
Afin d'augmenter la durée de vie de l'écran 1 résultant et la conservation de ses caractéristiques dans le temps, la nappe non tissée est formée de fibres naturelles 2 ayant subi un traitement par pulvérisation ou imprégnation, avec des agents aptes à modifier au moins certaines de leurs caractéristiques mécaniques, chimiques et/ou physiques, en augmentant notamment leur résistance au feu et au pourrissement, leur caractère hydrophobe et/ou leur résistance aux UV, et/ou en améliorant leur résistance aux animaux et/ou insectes nuisibles.In order to increase the lifetime of the resulting screen 1 and the preservation of its characteristics over time, the nonwoven web is formed of natural fibers 2 having undergone treatment by spraying or impregnation, with agents able to modify at less certain of their mechanical, chemical and / or physical characteristics, in particular by increasing their resistance to fire and rot, their hydrophobic character and / or their resistance to UV, and / or by improving their resistance to animals and / or harmful insects.
Un tel traitement pourra notamment viser à libérer les fibres végétales 2 de leurs composantes organiques aisément dégradables tout en préservant les composantes à durée de vie longue et sans affecter sensiblement les caractéristiques mécaniques desdites fibres, ou à imprégner ou enrober ces fibres.Such a treatment may in particular aim to release the plant fibers 2 from their easily degradable organic components while preserving the long-life components and without substantially affecting the mechanical characteristics of said fibers, or to impregnate or coat these fibers.
Comme le montrent les figures 2B et 2C des dessins annexés, et lorsqu'une étanchéité renforcée aux liquides est souhaitée (par exemple étanchéité renforcée à l'eau : classe Wl selon la norme EN 13859-1 ou EN 13859-2), l'écran 1 peut présenter une structure composite et le voile non tissé comporter sur l'une de ses faces, destinée à former la face apparente, un film 5 étanche à l'eau liquide mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau, réalisé en un matériau polymère naturel, tel qu'un polymère d'origine végétale ou un agro-polymère, ledit film 5 présentant par exemple une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 100 μm et étant par exemple solidarisé avec le non tissé par calandrage ou extrusion couchage. On notera que l'ajout d'un tel film n'est aucunement pénalisant en terme d'ACV. En variante, et en accord avec une solution légèrement plus pénalisante en terme d'ACV, le voile peut comporter sur l'une de ses faces, destinée à former la face apparente, un film 5 étanche à l'eau liquide mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau, réalisé en un matériau polymère synthétique ou plastique, préférentiellement recyclable, tel que du polyéthylène, du polypropylène, du polyuréthane ou analogue, ledit film présentant par exemple une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 50 μm et étant par exemple solidarisé avec le non tissé par calandrage.As shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C of the accompanying drawings, and when enhanced liquid sealing is desired (e.g. reinforced watertightness: class Wl according to the standard EN 13859-1 or EN 13859-2), the screen 1 may have a composite structure and the nonwoven web may comprise on one of its faces, intended to form the exposed face, a liquid waterproof but water vapor permeable film, made of a natural polymeric material, such as a polymer of vegetable origin or an agro-polymer, said film having for example a thickness between 10 and 100 microns and being for example secured to the nonwoven by calendering or extrusion coating. It should be noted that the addition of such a film is not penalizing in terms of LCA. Alternatively, and in agreement with a slightly more penalizing solution in terms of LCA, the web may comprise on one of its faces, intended to form the visible face, a film 5 sealed with liquid water but permeable to the water vapor, made of a synthetic or plastic polymer material, preferably recyclable, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane or the like, said film having for example a thickness between 10 and 50 microns and being for example secured to the non-woven by calendering.
La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de fabrication d'un écran 1 du type décrit ci-dessus, ledit procédé consistant essentiellement à fournir des fibres naturelles 2, préférentiellement d'origine végétale, à former, éventuellement après cardage, un voile ou une nappe non tissé(e) avec ces fibres par nappage mécanique ou pneumatique, à soumettre ensuite ledit voile à une opération de consolidation par hydroliage ou liage par jets de liquide sous pression et, enfin, à soumettre le voile non tissé consolidé à un traitement d'hydrophobation.The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a screen 1 of the type described above, said method consisting essentially in providing natural fibers 2, preferably of plant origin, to form, possibly after carding, a veil or a nonwoven web (e) with these fibers by mechanical or pneumatic layering, then subjecting said web to consolidation by hydrolysis or jet bonding of pressurized liquid and, finally, subjecting the consolidated nonwoven web to treatment repellent.
La nappe peut être formée par un procédé de formation connu du type mécanique, pneumatique ou hydraulique.The web may be formed by a known forming method of the mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic type.
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la densité de nappage est réglée de telle manière que le grammage ou la masse surfacique de la nappe résultante est compris(e) entre 75 et 500 g/m2, avantageusement entre 100 et 300 g/m2, préférentiellement de l'ordre d'environ 150 g/m2, l'opération de consolidation réduisant l'épaisseur de la nappe de telle manière que son épaisseur au repos, en l'absence de contrainte, est inférieure à 2,5 mm, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 1 ,0 mm. Le type des fibres naturelles 2 formant la nappe ressort des possibilités indiquées précédemment. Avantageusement, l'opération d'hydroliage est réalisée dans des conditions telles, notamment en termes de durée et d'intensité, qu'elle réalise une libération au moins partielle des pectines contenues dans les fibres végétales 2, ces pectines libérées étant ensuite autorisées à réticuler. En accord avec un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, le traitement d'hydrophobation consiste à greffer des chlorures d'acide(s) gras sur les structures des fibres naturelles du voile non tissé, par une opération de greffage chimique par chromatogénie, préférentiellement après consolidation, les chlorures d'acide(s) gras étant choisis dans le groupe formé par les chlorures d'acide palmitique et les chlorures d'acide stéarique. Les quantités de chlorures d'acide(s) gras greffés sont avantageusement inférieurs à 1 % du poids des fibres 2 formant le voile, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 0,2 à 0,3 % en poids, le chromatogénie permettant le greffage homogène en aussi faible quantité. L'opération de greffage précitée peut, par exemple, être dérivée de celle décrite dans le brevet européen n° 1 007 202 et dans le brevetAccording to one characteristic of the invention, the lay density is set such that the basis weight or the basis weight of the resulting sheet is between 75 and 500 g / m 2 , advantageously between 100 and 300 g / m 2 , preferably of the order of about 150 g / m 2 , the consolidation operation reducing the thickness of the sheet so that its thickness at rest, in the absence of stress, is less than 2.5 mm, preferably of the order of 1.0 mm. The type of natural fibers 2 forming the web spring from the possibilities indicated above. Advantageously, the hydrolysis operation is carried out under such conditions, especially in terms of duration and intensity, that it achieves at least a partial release of the pectins contained in the plant fibers 2, these released pectins then being authorized to crosslinked. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the hydrophobation treatment consists of grafting fatty acid chlorides onto the structures of the natural fibers of the nonwoven web, by a chemical grafting operation by chromatogenesis. preferably after consolidation, the fatty acid chlorides (s) being chosen from the group formed by palmitic acid chlorides and stearic acid chlorides. The amounts of grafted fatty acid chlorides are advantageously less than 1% by weight of the fibers forming the haze, preferably of the order of 0.2 to 0.3% by weight, the chromatogenesis allowing the homogeneous grafting. in such a small amount. The abovementioned grafting operation may, for example, be derived from that described in European Patent No. 1,007,202 and in the patent
US n° 6 342 268, dont les contenus sont intégrés à la présente par référence.US 6,342,268, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
La figure 3 représente de manière schématique une possibilité de réalisation d'un tel traitement d'hydrophobation, ainsi qu'une installation pour sa mise en œuvre.FIG. 3 schematically represents a possibility of carrying out such a hydrophobation treatment, as well as an installation for its implementation.
Comme le montre cette figure, le chlorure d'acide gras est déposé par des techniques d'imprimerie standards à raison d'environ 5g/m .As shown in this figure, the fatty acid chloride is deposited by standard printing techniques at a rate of about 5g / m.
Le passage sur le cylindre chauffant vaporise le chlorure d'acide qui se greffe (il est en phase gazeuse) sur les fonctions hydroxyles (OH) des fibres naturelles.The passage on the heating cylinder vaporizes the acid chloride which is grafted (it is in gaseous phase) on the hydroxyl functions (OH) of the natural fibers.
Cette réaction se déroule en 1 à 2 secondes et dégage comme résidu de réaction très faibles quantités d'acide chlorhydrique qui sont aspirées puis condensées.This reaction takes place in 1 to 2 seconds and gives off as reaction residue very small amounts of hydrochloric acid which are sucked and then condensed.
En variante, le caractère hydrophobe des fibres naturelles 2 peut également être atteint par exemple par un traitement au fluor.Alternatively, the hydrophobic nature of the natural fibers 2 can also be achieved for example by a fluorine treatment.
Ainsi, une nappe non tissée constituée à 100 % de fibres de linThus, a nonwoven web made of 100% flax fiber
(Etoupe E2) et consolidée par hydroliage, est imprégnée, par exemple par foulardage, avec une solution aqueuse de PHOBOTEX JVA de la Société(Etoupe E2) and consolidated by hydrolysis, is impregnated, for example by padding, with an aqueous solution of PHOBOTEX JVA of the Company
HUNTSMANN, de manière à déposer environ 8g/m2 de PHOBOTEX sur les fibres de la nappe.HUNTSMANN, so as to deposit about 8g / m 2 of PHOBOTEX on the fibers of the tablecloth.
Une telle nappe remplit les conditions d'un classement W2 selon la norme EN 18859-1 à condition que le diamètre des pores médian mesurés au poromètre PSM 165 soit de l'ordre de 25 μm et en aucun cas supérieur à 75 μm.Such a sheet fulfills the conditions of a W2 classification according to EN 18859-1 provided that the median pore diameter measured in the porometer PSM 165 is of the order of 25 microns and in no case greater than 75 microns.
Quel que soit le mode de traitement d'hydrophobation des fibres, l'invention vise à aboutir à un compromis au niveau du diamètre moyen des pores de la nappe pour que cette dernière présente simultanément une imperméabilité à l'eau et une perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau en accord avec des valeurs attendues pour le type de produits visé par l'invention. Un tel résultat peut être atteint par approximation successive dans le cadre de tests de fabrication mettant en œuvre l'une ou l'autre des variantes précitées et en fonction des degrés respectifs de perméabilité et d'imperméabilité recherchés.Irrespective of the hydrophobation treatment mode of the fibers, the aim of the invention is to compromise the average pore diameter of the web so that the latter simultaneously exhibits impermeability to water and vapor permeability. of water in accordance with expected values for the type of products covered by the invention. Such a result can be achieved by successive approximation in the context of manufacturing tests implementing one or the other of the aforementioned variants and according to the respective degrees of permeability and impermeability sought.
En outre, la nappe obtenue selon l'invention en accord avec les procédés ci-dessus présente les caractéristiques mécaniques requises pour l'application visée, ces caractéristiques n'étant pas affectées de manière sensible par le traitement d'hydrophobation.In addition, the web obtained according to the invention in accordance with the above methods has the mechanical characteristics required for the intended application, these characteristics not being significantly affected by the hydrophobation treatment.
En accord avec une ou des caractéristiques additionnelles possibles pour le procédé selon l'invention, ce dernier peut en outre consister :In accordance with one or more additional features possible for the method according to the invention, the latter may further consist of:
- à associer au voile non tissé une structure de renfort 4 supplémentaire, en l'intégrant dans ledit voile, lors du nappage ou lors de la consolidation, ou en le rapportant sur l'une des faces de ce dernier, cette structure 4 étant choisie dans le groupe formé par les grilles en verre, les grilles en polyester et les grilles en un matériau naturel, par exemple à base de fibres végétales, telles que coton ou analogue ; - à soumettre les fibres naturelles 2, avant nappage ou après obtention du voile non tissé consolidé, à un traitement par pulvérisation ou imprégnation, avec des agents aptes à modifier au moins certaines de leurs caractéristiques mécaniques, chimiques et/ou physiques, en augmentant notamment leur résistance au feu et au pourrissement, leur caractère hydrophobe et leur résistance aux UV ;to associate with the nonwoven web an additional reinforcement structure 4, by integrating it into said web, during the layering or during the consolidation, or by relating it to one of the faces of the latter, this structure 4 being chosen in the group formed by the glass grids, polyester grids and grids of a natural material, for example based on vegetable fibers, such as cotton or the like; - Subjecting the natural fibers 2, before coating or after obtaining the consolidated nonwoven web, to a treatment by spraying or impregnation, with agents capable of modifying at least some of their mechanical, chemical and / or physical characteristics, in particular by increasing their resistance to fire and rot, their hydrophobic character and their resistance to UV;
- à soumettre le voile non tissé, après hydroliage, à une opération de consolidation supplémentaire, soit par pulvérisation ou imprégnation avec un agent liant d'origine naturelle, par exemple végétale ou éventuellement animale, par exemple un agent liant choisi dans le groupe formé par les liants à base de gluten ou d'amidon, notamment de maïs, soit par un traitement thermique sous pression, par exemple par calandrage à chaud, le voile non tissé étant alors constitué par un mélange sensiblement homogène de fibres naturelles et de fibres thermofusibles d'origine organique à bas point de fusion, préférentiellement compris entre 100 0C et 230 0C, le pourcentage pondéral desdites fibres thermofusibles dans le mélange étant inférieur à 25 %, préférentiellement de l'ordre d'environ 15 %.- Subjecting the nonwoven web, after hydrolysis, to an additional consolidation operation, either by spraying or impregnation with a binding agent of natural origin, for example vegetable or possibly animal, for example a binding agent selected from the group formed by binders based on gluten or starch, in particular corn, or by a heat treatment under pressure, for example by hot calendering, the nonwoven web then being constituted by a mixture substantially homogeneous natural fibers and hot melt fibers of organic origin low melting point, preferably between 100 0 C and 230 0 C, the weight percentage of said hot melt fibers in the mixture being less than 25%, preferably of the order about 15%.
- à rapporter sur l'une des faces du voile non tissé un film 5 étanche à l'eau liquide mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau, réalisé en un matériau polymère naturel, tel qu'un polymère d'origine végétale ou un agro-polymère, ledit film présentant par exemple une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 100 μm et étant par exemple solidarisé avec le non tissé par calandrage.- To report on one of the faces of the nonwoven web 5 a film 5 waterproof liquid water but permeable to water vapor, made of a natural polymer material, such as a polymer of plant origin or an agro -polymer, said film having for example a thickness of between 10 and 100 microns and being for example secured to the nonwoven by calendering.
- à rapporter sur l'une des faces du voile non tissé un film 5 étanche à l'eau liquide mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau, réalisé en un matériau polymère synthétique ou plastique, préférentiellement recyclable, tel que du polyéthylène, du polypropylène, du polyuréthane ou analogue, ledit film présentant par exemple une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 50 μm et étant par exemple solidarisé avec le non tissé par calandrage.- To report on one of the faces of the nonwoven web a waterproof film 5 liquid water but permeable to water vapor, made of a synthetic or plastic polymer material, preferably recyclable, such as polyethylene, polypropylene , polyurethane or the like, said film having for example a thickness of between 10 and 50 microns and being for example secured to the nonwoven by calendering.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés aux dessins annexés. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention. Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications are possible, particularly from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements or by substitution of technical equivalents, without departing from the scope of protection of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Ecran perméable à la vapeur d'eau et imperméable à l'eau, notamment écran de sous-toiture, écran pare -pluie, écran pare-air ou analogue, caractérisé en ce qu'il est principalement constitué par un non tissé formé d'une nappe ou d'un voile majoritairement de fibres naturelles (2), préférentiellement d'origine végétale, ayant au moins subi une opération de liage par jets liquides sous pression, ou hydroliage, et un traitement d'hydrophobation.1) Screen permeable to water vapor and waterproof, including under-roof screen, rain screen, air barrier screen or the like, characterized in that it consists mainly of a non-woven formed a web or a veil mainly of natural fibers (2), preferably of plant origin, having at least underwent a binding operation by liquid jets under pressure, or hydrolysis, and a hydrophobation treatment.
2) Ecran selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le non tissé sous forme de nappe fibreuse est formé à au moins 75 % en poids de fibres naturelles, préférentiellement d'origine végétale.2) Screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the nonwoven in the form of fibrous web is formed at least 75% by weight of natural fibers, preferably of vegetable origin.
3) Ecran selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le non tissé sous forme de nappe fibreuse est formé exclusivement de fibres naturelles, préférentiellement d'origine végétale.3) Screen according to claim 1, characterized in that the nonwoven in the form of a fibrous web is formed exclusively of natural fibers, preferably of vegetable origin.
4) Ecran selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la nappe fibreuse non tissée présente une masse surfacique comprise entre 75 g/m2 et 500 g/m2, avantageusement entre 100 g/m2 et 300 g/m2, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 150 g/m2, et une épaisseur inférieure à 2,5 mm, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 1,0 mm.4) Screen according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the nonwoven fibrous web has a density of between 75 g / m 2 and 500 g / m 2 , preferably between 100 g / m 2 and 300 g / m 2, preferably of the order of 150 g / m 2 and a thickness less than 2.5 mm, preferably of the order of 1.0 mm.
5) Ecran selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les fibres naturelles (2), formant exclusivement ou majoritairement ledit non tissé, sont des fibres végétales traitées ou non choisies dans le groupe formé par les fibres de lin, de coton, de jute, de chanvre, de bambou, de kénaf et de sisal, ainsi que les mélanges de telles fibres. 6) Ecran selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les fibres végétales (2) traitées ou non sont principalement ou uniquement constituées de fibres de lin, sous forme d'étoupes de lin et/ou de fibres de lin affinées.5) A screen according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the natural fibers (2) forming exclusively or predominantly said nonwoven, are vegetable fibers treated or not selected from the group formed by the flax fibers cotton, jute, hemp, bamboo, kenaf and sisal, as well as blends of such fibers. 6) Screen according to claim 3, characterized in that the vegetable fibers (2) treated or not are mainly or solely made of flax fibers, in the form of tows of linen and / or refined flax fibers.
7) Ecran selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les fibres naturelles (2), formant entièrement ou majoritairement ledit non tissé, sont des fibres en matériau(x) synthétique(s) d'origine végétale, choisies dans le groupe formé par les fibres en viscose, les fibres synthétiques dérivées de la cellulose et les mélanges possibles de ces fibres. 8) Ecran selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que les fibres naturelles (2) présentent des chlorures d'acide gras greffés sur leur structure, résultant d'un greffage chimique par chromatogénie et conférant auxdites fibres un caractère hydrophobe. 9) Ecran selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les chlorures d'acides gras greffés sont choisis dans le groupe formé par les chlorures d'acide palmitique et les chlorures d'acide stéarique.7) Screen according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the natural fibers (2), forming wholly or mainly said nonwoven, are fibers of synthetic material (s) of plant origin, selected from the group consisting of viscose fibers, synthetic fibers derived from cellulose and possible mixtures of these fibers. 8) Screen according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the natural fibers (2) have fatty acid chlorides grafted onto their structure, resulting from chemical grafting by chromatogeny and conferring said fibers a character hydrophobic. 9) Screen according to claim 8, characterized in that the grafted fatty acid chlorides are selected from the group consisting of palmitic acid chlorides and stearic acid chlorides.
10) Ecran selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les fibres naturelles (2) sont reliées entre elles par les pectines réticulées libérées lors de l'hydroliage.10) Screen according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the natural fibers (2) are interconnected by the crosslinked pectins released during the hydrolysis.
11) Ecran selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les fibres naturelles (2) sont reliées entre elles, le cas échéant de manière supplémentaire, par un agent liant rapporté, appliqué lors d'une opération de liage ou activé lors d'une opération de traitement thermique subie par la nappe de fibres naturelles hydroliées.11) Screen according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the natural fibers (2) are interconnected, if necessary additionally, by an attached binding agent, applied during a binding operation or activated during a heat treatment operation undergone by the sheet of hydrolized natural fibers.
12) Ecran selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'agent liant rapporté, solidarisant les fibres végétales (2) entre elles, est un liant d'origine naturelle, par exemple végétale ou éventuellement animale, par exemple un liant choisi dans le groupe formé par les liants à base de gluten ou d'amidon, notamment de maïs.12) Screen according to claim 11, characterized in that the binding agent attached, solidarisant the plant fibers (2) together, is a binder of natural origin, for example plant or possibly animal, for example a binder selected in the group formed by binders based on gluten or starch, in particular corn.
13) Ecran selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'agent liant rapporté, solidarisant les fibres végétales (2) entre elles, est un liant thermofusible d'origine organique à bas point de fusion, notamment avec un point de fusion compris entre 100 0C et 230 0C, par exemple résultant de la fusion de fibres synthétiques thermoplastiques mélangées aux fibres naturelles d'origine végétale de manière sensiblement homogène, avant ou lors de la formation de la nappe non tissée et présent avec un pourcentage pondéral inférieur à 25 %, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 15 %. 14) Ecran selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend également une structure de renfort (4), intégrée dans l'épaisseur de la couche de fibres naturelles ou rapportée sur cette dernière.13) Screen according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the binding agent attached, solidarisant the plant fibers (2) together, is a hot melt binder of organic origin low melting point, especially with a melting point of between 100 ° C. and 230 ° C., for example resulting from the melting of thermoplastic synthetic fibers mixed with the natural fibers of plant origin in a substantially homogeneous manner, before or during the formation of the nonwoven web and this being present with a weight percentage of less than 25%, preferably of the order of 15%. 14) Screen according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it also comprises a reinforcing structure (4), integrated in the thickness of the natural fiber layer or reported on the latter.
15) Ecran selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la structure de renfort (4) consiste en une grille en verre ou en polyester. 16) Ecran selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la structure de renfort (4) consiste en une grille en un matériau naturel, notamment à base de fibres végétales, préférentiellement du coton.15) Screen according to claim 14, characterized in that the reinforcing structure (4) consists of a glass grid or polyester. 16) Screen according to claim 14, characterized in that the reinforcing structure (4) consists of a grid of a natural material, in particular based on plant fibers, preferably cotton.
17) Ecran selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16, caractérisé en ce que les fibres naturelles (2) ont en outre subi un traitement, par pulvérisation ou imprégnation, avec des agents aptes à modifier au moins certaines de leurs caractéristiques mécaniques, chimiques et/ou physiques, en augmentant notamment leur résistance au feu et au pourrissement, leur caractère hydrophobe et/ou leur résistance aux UV et/ou en améliorant leur résistance aux animaux et/ou insectes nuisibles.17) Screen according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the natural fibers (2) have further undergone a treatment, by spraying or impregnation, with agents capable of modifying at least some of their mechanical characteristics, chemical and / or physical, in particular by increasing their resistance to fire and rot, their hydrophobic character and / or their resistance to UV and / or by improving their resistance to animals and / or harmful insects.
18) Ecran selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une structure composite et en ce que le voile non tissé comporte sur l'une de ses faces, destinée à former la face apparente, un film (5) étanche à l'eau liquide mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau, réalisé en un matériau polymère naturel, tel qu'un polymère d'origine végétale ou un agro-polymère, ledit film (5) présentant par exemple une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 100 μm et étant par exemple solidarisé avec le non tissé par calandrage ou extrusion couchage.18) Screen according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it has a composite structure and in that the nonwoven web has on one of its faces, intended to form the visible face, a film (5) waterproof to liquid water but permeable to water vapor, made of a natural polymer material, such as a polymer of plant origin or an agro-polymer, said film (5) having for example a thickness between 10 and 100 microns and being for example secured to the nonwoven by calendering or extrusion coating.
19) Ecran selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 17, caractérisé en ce que le voile non tissé comporte sur l'une de ses faces, destinée à former la face apparente, un film (5) étanche à l'eau liquide mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau, réalisé en un matériau polymère synthétique ou plastique, préférentiellement recyclable, tel que du polyéthylène, du polypropylène, du polyuréthane ou analogue, ledit film présentant par exemple une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 50 μm et étant par exemple solidarisé avec le non tissé par calandrage.19) Screen according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the nonwoven web has on one of its faces, intended to form the visible face, a film (5) sealed to liquid water but permeable to water vapor, made of a synthetic or plastic polymer material, preferably recyclable, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane or the like, said film having for example a thickness of between 10 and 50 μm and being for example secured to the nonwoven by calendering.
20) Procédé de fabrication d'un écran perméable à la vapeur et imperméable à l'eau, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 19, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à fournir des fibres naturelles (2), préférentiellement d'origine végétale, à former, éventuellement après cardage, un voile ou une nappe non tissé(e) avec ces fibres par nappage mécanique ou pneumatique, à soumettre ensuite ledit voile à une opération de consolidation par hydroliage ou liage par jets de liquide sous pression et, enfin, à soumettre le voile non tissé consolidé à un traitement d'hydrophobation.20) A method of manufacturing a vapor permeable and waterproof screen, according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that it consists in providing natural fibers (2), preferably of vegetable origin, to form, optionally after carding, a web or a nonwoven web (e) with these fibers by mechanical or pneumatic topping, to then subject said web to a consolidating operation by hydrolysis or bonding by jets of liquid under pressure and finally, subjecting the consolidated nonwoven web to a hydrophobation treatment.
21) Procédé selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que la densité de nappage est réglée de telle manière que le grammage ou la masse surfacique de la nappe résultante est compris(e) entre 75 et 500 g/m2, avantageusement entre 100 et 300 g/m2, préférentiellement de l'ordre d'environ 150 g/m2, et en ce que l'opération de consolidation réduit l'épaisseur de la nappe de telle manière que son épaisseur au repos, en l'absence de contrainte, est inférieure à 2,5 mm, préférentiellement de l'ordre de 1 ,0 mm.21) Method according to claim 20, characterized in that the lay density is set in such a way that the grammage or weight The surface area of the resulting web is between 75 and 500 g / m 2 , advantageously between 100 and 300 g / m 2 , preferably around 150 g / m 2 , and in that the operation consolidation reduces the thickness of the sheet so that its thickness at rest, in the absence of stress, is less than 2.5 mm, preferably of the order of 1.0 mm.
22) Procédé selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que les fibres naturelles (2) formant entièrement ou majoritairement, préférentiellement à au moins 75 % en poids, le voile non tissé, sont des fibres végétales, traitées ou non, choisies dans le groupe formé par les fibres de lin, de coton, de jute, de chanvre, de bambou, de kénaf, de sisal, ainsi que les mélanges de deux ou plusieurs des fibres précitées.22) Method according to claim 21, characterized in that the natural fibers (2) forming entirely or predominantly, preferably at least 75% by weight, the nonwoven web, are vegetable fibers, treated or not, chosen from the group formed by flax, cotton, jute, hemp, bamboo, kenaf, sisal, and mixtures of two or more of the aforementioned fibers.
23) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 20 à 22, caractérisé en ce que les fibres végétales (2) traitées ou non sont majoritairement constituées de fibres de lin, sous forme d'étoupes de lin et/ou de fibres de lin affinées.23) Method according to any one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the plant fibers (2) treated or not are predominantly made of flax fibers, in the form of tows of linen and / or refined flax fibers .
24) Procédé selon la revendication 20 ou 21, caractérisé en ce que les fibres naturelles (2), formant entièrement ou majoritairement ledit voile non tissé, sont des fibres en matériau(x) synthétique(s) d'origine végétale, choisies dans le groupe formé par les fibres en viscose, les fibres en dérivés de la cellulose et les mélanges possibles de ces fibres.24) Method according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the natural fibers (2), forming wholly or mainly said nonwoven web, are fibers of synthetic material (s) of vegetable origin, chosen in the group formed by the viscose fibers, the fibers derived from cellulose and the possible mixtures of these fibers.
25) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 20 à 24, caractérisé en ce que l'opération d'hydroliage est réalisée dans des conditions telles, notamment en termes de durée et d'intensité, qu'elle réalise une libération au moins partielle des pectines contenues dans les fibres végétales (2), ces pectines libérées étant ensuite autorisées à réticuler.25) Process according to any one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that the hydrolysis operation is performed under such conditions, particularly in terms of duration and intensity, it achieves an at least partial release pectins contained in the plant fibers (2), these released pectins being then allowed to crosslink.
26) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 20 à 25, caractérisé en ce que en ce que le traitement d'hydrophobation consiste à greffer des chlorures d'acide(s) gras sur les structures des fibres naturelles du voile non tissé, par une opération de greffage chimique par chromatogénie, préférentiellement après consolidation.26) Method according to any one of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that the hydrophobation treatment consists of grafting fatty acid chlorides (s) onto the structures of the natural fibers of the nonwoven web, by a chemical grafting operation by chromatogeny, preferably after consolidation.
27) Procédé selon la revendication 26, caractérisé en ce que les chlorures d'acides gras greffés sont choisis dans le groupe formé par les chlorures d'acide palmitique et les chlorures d'acide stéarique. 28) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 20 à 27, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste en outre à associer au voile non tissé une structure de renfort (4) supplémentaire, en l'intégrant dans ledit voile, lors du nappage ou lors de la consolidation, ou en le rapportant sur l'une des faces de ce dernier.27) Method according to claim 26, characterized in that the grafted fatty acid chlorides are selected from the group consisting of palmitic acid chlorides and stearic acid chlorides. 28) Method according to any one of claims 20 to 27, characterized in that it further comprises associating with the nonwoven web an additional reinforcement structure (4), integrating it into said web, when of the batting or during the consolidation, or by bringing it back to one of the faces of the latter.
29) Procédé selon la revendication 28, caractérisé en ce que la structure de renfort supplémentaire (4) est choisie dans le groupe formé par les grilles en verre, les grilles en polyester et les grilles en un matériau naturel, par exemple à base de fibres végétales, telles que coton ou analogue.29) A method according to claim 28, characterized in that the additional reinforcing structure (4) is selected from the group consisting of glass grids, polyester grids and grids made of a natural material, for example fiber-based vegetable, such as cotton or the like.
30) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 20 à 29, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à soumettre les fibres naturelles (2), avant nappage ou après obtention du voile non tissé consolidé, à un traitement par pulvérisation ou imprégnation, avec des agents aptes à modifier au moins certaines de leurs caractéristiques mécaniques, chimiques et/ou physiques, en augmentant notamment leur résistance au feu et au pourrissement et leur caractère hydrophobe. 31) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 20 à 30, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à soumettre le voile non tissé, après hydroliage, à une opération de consolidation supplémentaire, soit par pulvérisation ou imprégnation avec un agent liant d'origine naturelle, par exemple végétale, ou éventuellement animale par exemple un agent liant choisi dans le groupe formé par les liants à base de gluten ou d'amidon, notamment de maïs, soit par un traitement thermique sous pression, par exemple par calandrage à chaud, le voile non tissé étant alors constitué par un mélange sensiblement homogène de fibres naturelles et de fibres thermofusibles d'origine organique à bas point de fusion, préférentiellement compris entre 100 0C et 230 0C, le pourcentage pondéral desdites fibres thermofusibles dans le mélange étant inférieur à 25 %, préférentiellement de l'ordre d'environ 15 %.30) Process according to any one of claims 20 to 29, characterized in that it consists in subjecting the natural fibers (2), before coating or after obtaining the consolidated nonwoven web, to a treatment by spraying or impregnation, with agents capable of modifying at least some of their mechanical, chemical and / or physical characteristics, in particular by increasing their resistance to fire and rot and their hydrophobic character. 31) A method according to any one of claims 20 to 30, characterized in that it consists in subjecting the nonwoven web, after hydrolysis, to an additional consolidation operation, either by spraying or impregnation with a binding agent of origin natural, for example plant, or possibly animal for example a binding agent selected from the group consisting of binders based on gluten or starch, in particular corn, or by a heat treatment under pressure, for example by hot calendering, the nonwoven web then consisting of a substantially homogeneous mixture of natural fibers and hot melt fibers of organic origin with a low melting point, preferably between 100 0 C and 230 0 C, the weight percentage of said hot melt fibers in the mixture being less than 25%, preferably of the order of about 15%.
32) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 20 à 31 , caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à rapporter sur l'une des faces du voile non tissé un film (5) étanche à l'eau liquide mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau, réalisé en un matériau polymère naturel, tel qu'un polymère d'origine végétale ou un agro-polymère, ledit film présentant par exemple une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 100 μm et étant par exemple solidarisé avec le non tissé par calandrage. 33) Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 20 à 31, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à rapporter sur l'une des faces du voile non tissé un film (5) étanche à l'eau liquide mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau, réalisé en un matériau polymère synthétique ou plastique, préférentiellement recyclable, tel que du polyéthylène, du polypropylène, du polyuréthane ou analogue, ledit film présentant par exemple une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et 50 μm et étant par exemple solidarisé avec le non tissé par calandrage. 32) A method according to any one of claims 20 to 31, characterized in that it consists in reporting on one of the faces of the nonwoven web a film (5) sealed to liquid water but permeable to steam. water, made of a natural polymer material, such as a polymer of plant origin or an agro-polymer, said film having for example a thickness of between 10 and 100 μm and being for example secured to the nonwoven by calendering. 33) Method according to any one of claims 20 to 31, characterized in that it consists in reporting on one of the faces of the nonwoven web a film (5) sealed to liquid water but permeable to steam. 'water, made of a synthetic or plastic polymer material, preferably recyclable, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane or the like, said film having for example a thickness between 10 and 50 microns and being for example secured to the nonwoven by calendering.
EP08762087A 2007-02-14 2008-02-13 Steam permissive and water non permissive screen, and method for making same Withdrawn EP2122031A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0753248A FR2912441B1 (en) 2007-02-14 2007-02-14 PERMEABLE WATER VAPOR PERMEABLE SCREEN AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME.
PCT/FR2008/050239 WO2008110728A2 (en) 2007-02-14 2008-02-13 Steam permissive and water non permissive screen, and method for making same

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2122031A2 true EP2122031A2 (en) 2009-11-25

Family

ID=38508756

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08762087A Withdrawn EP2122031A2 (en) 2007-02-14 2008-02-13 Steam permissive and water non permissive screen, and method for making same

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20100087113A1 (en)
EP (1) EP2122031A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2678209A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2912441B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2008110728A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2975041B1 (en) * 2011-05-09 2015-06-19 Oleg Muzyrya ACOUSTICALLY AND THERMALLY INSULATING COMPOSITE MATERIAL
FR3010654B1 (en) * 2013-09-19 2015-09-25 Ahlstroem Oy SCREEN BRACKET FOR ROOF OR RAIN SHIELD AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME
US20160101590A1 (en) * 2014-10-10 2016-04-14 Interface Performance Materials, Inc. Composite sheet with embedded mesh layer
EP3314058B1 (en) * 2015-06-29 2019-11-27 Stora Enso Oyj Method for hydrophobing a cellulose substrate
CN107165344A (en) * 2017-05-25 2017-09-15 成都市容德建筑劳务有限公司 A kind of Green Roof
US20210285219A1 (en) * 2020-03-12 2021-09-16 Milliken & Company Composite roofing membrane
CN112853609B (en) * 2020-12-29 2022-05-31 东华大学 Water-repellent laminated jute non-woven fabric packaging bag material and preparation method thereof
CN112853608B (en) * 2020-12-29 2022-05-31 东华大学 Environment-friendly heat-preservation jute non-woven fabric packaging material and preparation method thereof
DE102021119667A1 (en) 2021-07-28 2023-02-02 Revoltech GmbH Process for producing a vegetable textile fabric
WO2023079330A1 (en) * 2021-11-08 2023-05-11 Steelcase Inc. Method of producing a semifinished product and a workpiece, and semifinished product and workpiece

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007042302A1 (en) * 2005-10-13 2007-04-19 Lindenfarb Textilveredelung Julius Probst Gmbh & Co. Kg Multilayer fabric

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6238789B1 (en) * 1994-03-22 2001-05-29 Omnova Solutions Inc. Breathable wallcovering
US5733824A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-03-31 Bay Mills Ltd Hand-tearable moisture barrier laminate
US7047607B2 (en) * 1996-12-30 2006-05-23 Wattex Process for manufacturing a band-shaped non-woven product with increased tensile strength
FR2767270B1 (en) * 1997-08-14 2000-02-11 Daniel Gamain GAS PHASE TREATMENT PROCESS OF A SOLID MATERIAL TO MAKE IT HYDROPHOBIC, MATERIAL OBTAINED AND APPLICATIONS
US6506695B2 (en) * 1998-04-21 2003-01-14 Rheinische Kunststoffewerke Gmbh Breathable composite and method therefor
EP1010801A3 (en) * 1999-03-19 2000-06-28 Fibervisions A/S Composite nonwoven materials
US20060160453A1 (en) * 2005-01-14 2006-07-20 Hageun Suh Breathable composite sheet

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007042302A1 (en) * 2005-10-13 2007-04-19 Lindenfarb Textilveredelung Julius Probst Gmbh & Co. Kg Multilayer fabric

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20100087113A1 (en) 2010-04-08
CA2678209A1 (en) 2008-09-18
FR2912441B1 (en) 2009-11-27
WO2008110728A2 (en) 2008-09-18
FR2912441A1 (en) 2008-08-15
WO2008110728A3 (en) 2008-11-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2122031A2 (en) Steam permissive and water non permissive screen, and method for making same
WO2008110727A2 (en) Method for making a reinforcement frame and sealing membrane including such frame, and products thus obtained
EP2822746B1 (en) Method of manufacturing a piece of automotive vehicle equipment and associated piece of equipment
EP0667427B1 (en) Method of manufacturing a two-layer textile reinforcement for the realisation of impervious bituminous roof coverings, and textile reinforcement obtained thereby
EP0315553B2 (en) Multilayer textile composite made from fibre fleeces having different characteristics
FR2461583A1 (en) MATERIAL IN WATERPROOF SHEET
EP2366822A1 (en) Nonwoven product containing organic and/or mineral particles and its method of manufacturing
FR3041299A1 (en) METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A PIECE OF INTERIOR EQUIPMENT OF A MOTOR VEHICLE
FR2479288A1 (en) PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CHEMICALLY LINED NONWOVEN SHEET MATERIALS CONTAINING MICROHETEROPOROUS STRUCTURE BINDER
WO2008003902A2 (en) Composite reinforcement or geotextile product and its manufacturing process
EP3571361A1 (en) Acoustic panelling for producing a floor covering
WO2016020505A1 (en) Method for producing an automotive equipment part and associated part
FR2932511A1 (en) Thermal insulation panel, for use in buildings, comprises natural fibers entrapped in 3-dimensional network formed from thermofusible composite fibers based on biopolymers
FR2834726A1 (en) FIBROUS STRUCTURE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
FR2988640A1 (en) Acoustically and thermally insulated composite material for use in structural element of building e.g. naval building, has core in form of web including bamboo filaments, fibers of product, and bonding agents, and bonded face bonded to core
EP1126067A1 (en) Composite mat and process for making this composite mat, especially from natural fibres
FR2942829A1 (en) Sound-proofing material comprises an under-layer for floor coating, an upper rigid layer and a lower rigid layer, and a flexible intermediate layer disposed between the upper and lower layers, where the layers are made of non-woven cards
EP2516148A1 (en) Flexible sealing membrane, in particular for sealing planar surfaces such as roofs
EP3845376B1 (en) Floor covering with textile underside with resistance to perforation and improved sound attenuation properties
WO2014122385A1 (en) Web of multilayer material made from cellular foam and textile fibres and associated production method
EP2203610B1 (en) A thermally insulating material based on organic fibres and on a powder that breaks down infrared radiation, and use thereof in thermal insulation
FR2501749A1 (en) Sound absorbing mat or sheet - includes layer of cellular polymer filled with heavy metal or mineral powder and bonded to flexible substrate
WO2008096083A1 (en) Bentonitic geotextile and related method for making the same
WO2018122519A1 (en) Low pcs surfacing product for plasterboards
BE887588A (en) SAILING OR MATTE OF SOUNDPROOFING

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20090910

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL NO PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: BINDSCHEDLER, PIERRE-ETIENNE

Inventor name: PERRIN, REMI

Inventor name: VALENTIN, MARIE

DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: SOPREMA (SAS)

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20150414