EP2118246B1 - Method and use of engine lubricants in four-stroke engines - Google Patents

Method and use of engine lubricants in four-stroke engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2118246B1
EP2118246B1 EP08709482.7A EP08709482A EP2118246B1 EP 2118246 B1 EP2118246 B1 EP 2118246B1 EP 08709482 A EP08709482 A EP 08709482A EP 2118246 B1 EP2118246 B1 EP 2118246B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
engine
diester
lubricant
engine lubricant
use according
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EP08709482.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2118246A2 (en
Inventor
Stephen Boyde
Steven James Randles
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Croda International PLC
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Croda International PLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/36—Esters of polycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
    • C10M105/32—Esters
    • C10M105/38—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
    • C10M171/02—Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
    • C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
    • C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/2815—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • C10M2207/2825—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/109—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified
    • C10M2209/1095—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups esterified used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
    • C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/02—Unspecified siloxanes; Silicones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/069—Linear chain compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/071—Branched chain compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/74—Noack Volatility
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the method and use of engine lubricants in four-stroke engines, and more especially to the use of engine lubricants having an SAE class rating of less than SAE 5W in four-stroke engines.
  • engine lubricants are required that contribute to increased engine efficiency, ie greater mpg or kpl and lowered engine emissions, and decreased frequency between lubricant changes, ie less oil usage.
  • poly- ⁇ -olefins oligomers and polymers
  • esters including monoesters, diesters, polyol esters and complex esters, with or without appropriate additives such as viscosity index improvers.
  • DE OL 2133042 discloses an engine lubricant of viscosity class 10W-20 to 5W-20 which consists of a mineral oil raffinate having a viscosity index of between 80 and 105 and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of between 7.5cSt and 12cSt, an oil-soluble synthetic lubricating oil, such as a diester, having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of between 3cSt and 5cSt and a Noack evaporation loss of between 3 and 10% and additives.
  • a mineral oil raffinate having a viscosity index of between 80 and 105 and a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of between 7.5cSt and 12cSt
  • an oil-soluble synthetic lubricating oil such as a diester
  • a specific example of a 10W engine oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C of 7sSt and a viscosity index of 116 and has a 5% additive packages is derived from 75% mineral oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 9cST, a viscosity index of 102 and a Noack evaporation loss of 6% and 25% di-n-decanol trimethyl adipate.
  • EP-A-0089709 discloses organic carbonic acid diesters derived from alcohols as components in engine lubricants.
  • EP-B-0792334 discloses an engine lubricant having at least one ester derived from a saturated branched chain aliphatic monohydric alcohol having at least 8 carbon atoms and a saturated branched chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acid having at least 10 carbon atoms.
  • JP 1993331483A discloses an engine oil in which reduced amounts of viscosity index improvers are required.
  • the engine oil has 10% to 30% of a diester or polyol ester, 60% to 89% of an ⁇ -olefin oligomer, 1% to 20% of an ethylene ⁇ -olefin oligomer and 0.5% to 3% zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate as an anti-wear agent.
  • the oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 4cSt or greater.
  • a specific example incorporates diisodecyl adipate which has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of 3.62cSt.
  • US-A-4155861 discloses lubricating oils based on mixed esters consisting of a monomeric diester of a dicarboxylic acid and a complex ester derived from a dicarboxylic acid (preferably branched) and hexanediol or trimethyl hexanediol.
  • the monomeric diester is n-octyl, n-decyl trimethyl adipate.
  • the addition of the complex ester at levels of 1% to 10% to the n-octyl, n-decyl trimethyl adipate is said to result in engine oils in the SAE classes 5W/20, 5W/30 or 10W/40.
  • US-B2-6303548 discloses an SAE 0W-40 lubricant composition consisting of 5% to 80% of a mineral oil base stock, 5% to 90% of a poly- ⁇ -olefin which has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C in the range 3.5cSt to 4.5cSt and 1% to 30% of an ester derived from monocarboxylic acids and polycarboxylic acids with monohydroxyl alcohols and polyols together with a viscosity improver comprising a mixture of 3% to 7% of a polymethacrylate and 4% to 9% olefin copolymer or hydrogenated diene copolymer.
  • a specific example uses di- iso octyl adipate.
  • DE 10 2004 034202 discloses ester oils with a low volatility and a low viscosity.
  • US-A-2004198614 discloses a method of reducing intake valve deposits in a direct injection engine
  • GB716086 discloses synthetic lubricants having utility at both high and low temperatures
  • GB1293225 discloses a lubricant composition comprising at least one diester of tripropylene glycol as a base fluid and an antioxidant
  • GB828956 discloses a lubricant composition which is particularly designed for lubrication of turbine engines
  • US3194764 discloses a process for the preparation of complex esters having improved viscosity characteristics and low acid number
  • US3546116 discloses functional fluid compositions which exhibit improved oxidative stability together with improved resistance to the corrosion of metal surfaces
  • Some disadvantages of such lubricants include the inherent limitation imposed by the viscosity indices of the base oils (which impacts film thickness); and the inability to reduce viscosity without increasing volatility (ie increasing the Noack evaporation loss of the lubricant). Additionally, very low viscosity esters can also have high polarity which can lead to seal compatibility issues and potential wear issues due to competition with antiwear agents such as ZDDP when the esters are used at high dose rates, eg >15 wt%. For example, di- iso octyl adipate has an NPI of 41.
  • low viscosity lubricants which have been optimised to give low volatilities, can also suffer from either low viscosity indices ( ⁇ 125), poor low temperature flow properties or shorter drain intervals resulting from poor oxidative stability (from the use of components in which gem dimethyl branching is present).
  • wt% indicates the percentage by weight of the component referred to as a percentage of the total weight of the engine lubricant.
  • wt% indicates the percentage by weight of the total weight of the component.
  • said engine lubricant comprises at least 20 wt%, more preferably at least 25 wt% of said at least one diester.
  • Said engine lubricant may comprise up to 75 wt%, more preferably up to 50 wt% and, up to 40 wt% of said at least one diester.
  • said engine lubricant comprises about 30 wt% of said at least one diester.
  • the balance of said engine lubricant comprises lubricant components selected from API Groups III, IV and V lubricants and gas-to-liquid lubricants (GTL) and mixtures thereof.
  • suitable Group III lubricants include mineral oils.
  • suitable Group IV lubricants included poly- ⁇ -olefins derived from C 8 to C 12 ⁇ -olefins and having kinematic viscosities in the range 3.6 cSt to 8 cSt at 100°C.
  • Group V lubricants include alkyl naphthalenes, alkyl benzenes and esters, for example esters derived from monohydric alcohols and/or polyols and monocarboxylic acids or polycarboxylic acids.
  • alkyl naphthalenes include SynessticTM 5 and SynessticTM 12 alkyl naphthalenes available from Mobil.
  • esters are Priolube 1976TM a monoester and Priolube 3970TM a TMP n C 8 In C 10 polyol ester.
  • GTL base stocks are made by conversion of natural gas (ie, methane and higher alkanes) to synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) and then via oligomerisation (eg the Fischer-Tropsch process) to higher molecular weight molecules that are hydrocracked to produce iso -paraffins in the required lubricant boiling/viscosity range.
  • natural gas ie, methane and higher alkanes
  • synthesis gas carbon monoxide and hydrogen
  • oligomerisation eg the Fischer-Tropsch process
  • said engine lubricant consists essentially of said at least one diester, at least one Group V lubricant, especially an alkyl naphthalene or an ester other than said at least one diester such as a polyol ester or complex ester, and said additives.
  • said at least one diester has a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of not more than 3.0cSt.
  • said at least one diester has a viscosity index of at least 140.
  • Said at least one diester has a pour point of not more than about - 30°C, more particularly of not more than -35°C and especially not more than -40°C.
  • said at least one diester has a Noack evaporation loss of not more than 14.5 wt%, more preferably of not more than 14.0 wt%.
  • said at least one diester has a flash point of at least 200°C, more preferably at least 210°C, more particularly at least 220°C and especially of about 230°C.
  • said at least one diester has a non-polarity index (NPI), as described in EP-B-0792334 , of more than 30 but less than 100, more preferably less than 80.
  • NPI non-polarity index
  • said at least one diester is stable when held at -20 °C for one week.
  • This low temperature stability may be tested by storing approximately 30ml of diester in a glass vial and placing the vial in a freezer unit at -20°C for one week, checking the sample at regular intervals and noting any signs of crystal formation or gelling.
  • said at least one diester has a cold crank simulation (CCS) dynamic viscosity at -35°C of not more than 6200 cPs.
  • CCS cold crank simulation
  • said engine lubricant comprises only one of said at least one diester.
  • each diester may be selected with different properties.
  • the properties of each diester are within the values of such properties as described above; alternatively, one or more of the properties of at least one diester may be outside the values of such properties as described above provided that the properties of the mixture of diesters are within the values of such properties as described above.
  • said at least one diester is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the diester when derived from diacids or anhydrides thereof and monohydric alcohols, contains 17 to 36, more particularly 20 to 30 and especially 23 to 26 carbon atoms.
  • reaction products of dicarboxylic acids and alcohols are reaction products of either branched acids with linear alcohols or linear acids with branched alcohols.
  • the branched chains of the branched acids and/or branched alcohols may be C 1 to C 4 alkyl, more preferably C 1 or C 2 alkyl and especially methyl.
  • the branched acids are preferably not branched in the ⁇ -position but are preferably branched in the ⁇ -position.
  • the acids do not contain any gem branched groups, eg gem dimethyl or gem diethyl, and preferably contain only one or two branches, especially a single branch in the ⁇ -position.
  • the dicarboxylic acids include adipic acid, 3-methyl adipic acid and sebacic acid.
  • the primary alcohols include 1-octanol, 1-decanol and mixtures thereof, 2-ethylhexanol and isononyl alcohol.
  • Preferred diesters are selected from the group consisting of di-isononyl adipate, di-n-octyl 3-methyl-adipate, di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate and mixtures thereof. More particularly, the diesters are selected from the group consisting of di-isononyl adipate, di-n-octyl 3-methyl-adipate and di-2-ethylhexyl sebacate and mixtures thereof.
  • the acids and alcohols used to make said diesters will be from commercial sources and may not necessarily comprise 100 wt% of the acid or alcohol.
  • Such commercial products usually comprise a major proportion of the primary product together with other isomers and/or additional products of shorter or longer chain length. This may lead to variations in properties of the diesters which are reaction products. Such variations in properties are exemplified below in the Examples.
  • said engine lubricant optionally may comprise esters selected from simple esters, diesters, not being diesters as hereinbefore described, and complex esters or mixtures thereof.
  • the weight ratio of said diesters to said optional esters will be between 100:0 to 60:40, more preferably between 100:0 to 75:25, more particularly between 99:1 and 80:20 and, especially between 95:5 to 85:15.
  • said engine lubricant comprises not more than 15 wt% of additives, more especially not more than 10 wt% of additives.
  • said additives are:
  • engine lubricants in which said diesters and, optionally, other esters are present in significant quantities, preferably as a major component of the engine lubricants, such engine lubricants may be free of some additives such as viscosity index improvers.
  • the combinations of additives used in engine lubricants and the amounts thereof may vary significantly; however, the total amount of all additives included in said engine lubricant according to the invention is subject to the upper limits of 15 wt% and more especially 10 wt%, as previously described.
  • the present invention includes the use of said engine lubricant as herein described in lubricating four-stroke engines and a method of lubricating a four-stroke engine comprising lubricating said engine with said engine lubricant as herein described.
  • the present invention further includes use of an SAE 0W engine lubricant, said engine lubricant comprising at least one diester as herein described.
  • SAE 0W engine lubricant said engine lubricant comprising at least one diester as herein described.
  • the features and embodiments herein described apply also mutatis mutandis to said SAE 0W engine lubricant.
  • Samples 1 to 4 as identified in Table 1 below are diesters suitable for use in said engine lubricants according to the invention. Comparative samples 5 to 11 are also identified in Table 1. The properties of the samples are given in Table 2.
  • Table 1 Sample Linear Acid Branched Acid Linear Alcohol Branched Alcohol Poly(alkyl glycol) 1 Adipic - - Isononyl* - 2 Adipic - - Isononyl** - 3 - 3-methyl adipic 1-octanol - - 4 Sebacic - - 2-ethylhexanol - 5
  • Caprylic/capric (approximately 50:50 mixture) - - - PPG 225 6
  • Caprylic/capric (approximately 50:50 mixture) - - Trimethylol propane 7 Adipic - 1-octanol/1-decanol (approximately 50:50 mixture) - - 8 Heptanoic - Gly

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
EP08709482.7A 2007-02-28 2008-02-21 Method and use of engine lubricants in four-stroke engines Active EP2118246B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US90384407P 2007-02-28 2007-02-28
GBGB0703831.8A GB0703831D0 (en) 2007-02-28 2007-02-28 Engine lubricants
PCT/GB2008/000599 WO2008104745A2 (en) 2007-02-28 2008-02-21 Engine lubricants

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EP2118246A2 EP2118246A2 (en) 2009-11-18
EP2118246B1 true EP2118246B1 (en) 2018-10-24

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EP (1) EP2118246B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JP2010520319A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES2705593T3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB0703831D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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EP2305782A1 (en) * 2009-09-23 2011-04-06 Cognis IP Management GmbH Lubricant compositions
JP5106695B1 (ja) 2012-04-02 2012-12-26 修 小川 ディーゼルエンジン用内部洗浄剤及びこれを用いた洗浄システム
AU2013204283A1 (en) 2012-07-20 2014-02-06 Phillip Farquharson Jack and support device
US9708561B2 (en) 2013-05-14 2017-07-18 Basf Se Lubricating oil composition with enhanced energy efficiency
WO2015078968A1 (en) * 2013-11-28 2015-06-04 Basf Se Composition for low temperature
US10208269B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2019-02-19 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Low viscosity ester lubricant and method for using
CA2941609A1 (en) * 2014-03-03 2015-09-11 Elevance Renewable Sciences, Inc. Branched diesters for use as a base stock and in lubricant applications
WO2017007670A1 (en) 2015-07-07 2017-01-12 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Composition and method for preventing or reducing engine knock and pre-ignition in high compression spark ignition engines
WO2017007669A1 (en) * 2015-07-07 2017-01-12 Exxonmpbil Research And Engineering Company Composition and method for preventing or reducing engine knock and pre-ignition in high compression spark ignition engines
EP3178908A1 (en) * 2015-12-11 2017-06-14 Basf Se The use of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid esters as lubricants
FR3069864B1 (fr) * 2017-08-03 2019-08-16 Total Marketing Services Composition lubrifiante comprenant un diester
WO2019110355A1 (en) * 2017-12-04 2019-06-13 Basf Se Branched adipic acid based esters as novel base stocks and lubricants
FR3088073B1 (fr) * 2018-11-05 2021-07-23 Total Marketing Services Utilisation d'un diester pour ameliorer les proprietes anti-usure d'une composition lubrifiante

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WO2008104745A3 (en) 2009-02-26
US20100093579A1 (en) 2010-04-15
EP2118246A2 (en) 2009-11-18
JP2010520319A (ja) 2010-06-10
ES2705593T3 (es) 2019-03-26
GB0703831D0 (en) 2007-04-11
WO2008104745A2 (en) 2008-09-04

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