EP2113022B1 - Méthode pour lubrifier une chaîne de transmission avec une composition de lubrification comprenant des polyols éthérifiés - Google Patents

Méthode pour lubrifier une chaîne de transmission avec une composition de lubrification comprenant des polyols éthérifiés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2113022B1
EP2113022B1 EP08728199A EP08728199A EP2113022B1 EP 2113022 B1 EP2113022 B1 EP 2113022B1 EP 08728199 A EP08728199 A EP 08728199A EP 08728199 A EP08728199 A EP 08728199A EP 2113022 B1 EP2113022 B1 EP 2113022B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydrocarbyl
polyoxyalkylene polyol
capped
capped polyoxyalkylene
lubricating composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP08728199A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2113022A2 (fr
Inventor
James H. Bush
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lubrizol Corp
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Lubrizol Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2113022A2 publication Critical patent/EP2113022A2/fr
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Publication of EP2113022B1 publication Critical patent/EP2113022B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M107/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M107/20—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M107/30—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M107/32—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Polyesters; Polyethers
    • C10M107/34—Polyoxyalkylenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/24—Polyethers
    • C10M145/26—Polyoxyalkylenes
    • C10M145/36—Polyoxyalkylenes etherified
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/1033—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
    • C10M2209/1045—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
    • C10M2209/1055—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/106—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only
    • C10M2209/1065—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/107—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106
    • C10M2209/1075—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106 used as base material
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    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
    • C10M2209/108—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
    • C10M2209/1085—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified used as base material
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/066—Arylene diamines
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
    • C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
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    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
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    • C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
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    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
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    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
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    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
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    • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/045—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for continuous variable transmission [CVT]
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of lubricating a driveline device with a lubricating composition comprising hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol.
  • driveline power transmitting devices such as gears or transmissions, especially axle fluids and manual transmission fluids (MTFs)
  • MTFs manual transmission fluids
  • One of the important parameters influencing performance is lubricant viscosity.
  • Lubricants capable of performing at lower viscosity typically provide increased fuel economy (thus improving CAFÉ efficiency).
  • lower viscosity fluids also contribute to elevated gear and transmission operating temperatures, which are believed to reduce fuel economy.
  • increasing lubricant viscosity is believed to provide better wear protection and durability to gears and transmissions.
  • the lubricating composition is capable of imparting at least one of an acceptable co-efficient of friction, viscosity index (VI), oil blend thickening capabilities, shear stability, good low temperature viscosity performance, reduced operating temperatures, acceptable wear performance, acceptable durability, or acceptable fuel economy.
  • VI viscosity index
  • US Patent 4,370,247 discloses the use of a polyalkylene glycol to reduce power loss due to a frictional decrease.
  • European Patent Application 460 317 discloses gear oil a lubricating composition containing a polyalkylene glycol lubricant and at least one sulphur-containing antiwear or extreme pressure agent.
  • the polyalkylene glycol is prepared using water or monohydric alcohols.
  • the monohydric alcohols listed include methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, isobutanol, neopentanol and decanoL
  • the examples disclose Emkarox® series poly(ethylene-propylene) glycols available from Uniquema that are believed to be made using a butanol initiator.
  • DE 2806133 discloses a lubricant consisting essentially of a polyoxyalkylene glycol diether having a specific formula. DE 2806133 does not disclose the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol required by the method of this invention.
  • the invention provides a method of lubricating a driveline device with a lubricating composition comprising:
  • the lubricating composition further comprises a non-phosphorus extreme pressure agent, or mixtures thereof.
  • the invention provides for the use of the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol disclosed herein as an oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • the present invention provides a method of lubricating a driveline device with a lubricating composition comprising a hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol includes compounds derived from a homopolymer or a copolymer of an alkylene oxide. In one embodiment the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol is a copolymer and may be random or block. In one embodiment the copolymer is block. In one embodiment the copolymer is random.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol has a weight average molecular weight of about 200 to about 50,000, or about 500 to about 20,000, or about 750 to about 10,000, or about 1000 to about 5000.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol includes compounds derived from a copolymer of two or more alkylene oxides.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol is obtained/obtainable by a process that comprises reacting (i) an alkylene oxide, (ii) a mixture of linear C 12-15 monohydric alcohols, (iii) optionally a base catalyst, and (iv) optionally an alcohol other than (ii).
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol is obtained/obtainable by a process that comprises reacting (i) an alkylene oxide, (ii) a mixture of linear C 12-15 monohydric alcohols, (iii) a base catalyst, (iv) optionally an alcohol other than (ii).
  • the processes defined above to prepare the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol comprise a mixture of a linear C 12-15 monohydric alcohols, and an alcohol other than the linear alcohols as defined above.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol is obtained/obtainable from an alkylene oxide including ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, pentylene oxide, hexylene oxide, heptylene oxide, octylene oxide, nonylene oxide, decylene oxide, undecylene oxide, dodecylene oxide, tridecylene oxide, tetradecylene, pentadecylene oxide, hexadecylene oxide, heptadecylene oxide, octadecylene oxide, nonadecylene oxide, eicosylene oxide, or mixtures thereof.
  • an alkylene oxide including ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, pentylene oxide, hexylene oxide, heptylene oxide, octylene oxide, nonylene oxide, eicosylene oxide, or mixtures thereof.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol is obtained/obtainable from a mixture of (1) at least one alkylene oxide selected from the group consisting of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, pentylene oxide, hexylene oxide, heptylene oxide, and mixtures thereof; and (2) at least one alkylene oxide selected from the group consisting of octylene oxide, nonylene oxide, decylene oxide, undecylene oxide, dodecylene oxide, tridecylene oxide, tetradecylene, pentadecylene oxide, hexadecylene oxide, heptadecylene oxide, octadecylene oxide, nonadecylene oxide, eicosylene oxide, and mixtures thereof.
  • the alkylene oxide of (2) is selected from the group consisting of decylene oxide, undecylene oxide, dodecylene oxide, tridecylene oxide, tetradecylene, pentadecylene oxide, hexadecylene oxide, heptadecylene oxide, octadecylene oxide, and mixtures thereof.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol is obtained/obtainable from a copolymer of two or more alkylene oxides.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol is obtained/obtainable from a copolymer of (i) one or more alkylene oxides, and (ii) styrene oxide.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol is obtained/obtainable from a copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide.
  • hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol in mono-capped.
  • hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol in di-capped may be formed by either (i) a mixture of linear C 12-15 monohydric alcohols, or (ii) an alcohol other than the linear alcohols of (i).
  • the di- hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol is formed by a mixture of a linear C 12-15 monohydric alcohols, and an alcohol other than the linear alcohols as defined above.
  • the alcohol other than the mixture of linear alcohols of (i) has 1 to 5 carbon atoms. In one embodiment the alcohol is methanol.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol comprises (i) a portion of oxyalkylene groups derived from ethylene oxide; and (ii) a portion of oxyalkylene groups derived from an alkylene oxide containing about 3 to about 8 carbon atoms.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol comprises (i) 0 wt % to 80 wt % of ethylene oxide, and an alkylene oxide containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms present at 20 wt % to 100 wt % of the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol comprises (i) 0 wt % to 75 wt % of ethylene oxide, and an alkylene oxide containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms present at about 25 wt % to about 100 wt % of the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol comprises (i) 1 wt % to 70 wt % of ethylene oxide, and an alkylene oxide containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms present at 30 wt % to 99 wt % of the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol comprises (i) 5 wt % to 60 wt % of ethylene oxide, and an alkylene oxide containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms present at 40 wt % to 95 wt % of the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol is commercially available for example available from Bayer with tradename ActaclearTMND-21.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol may be prepared by basic catalysis.
  • U.S. Patents 4,274,837 , 4,877,416 , and 5,600,025 disclose the use of alkali metals such as potassium as a basic catalyst for making hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol may be prepared using a double metal cyanide catalyst.
  • Suitable double cyanide catalysts are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,278,457 , 3,941,849 , 4,472,560 , 5,158,922 , 5,470,813 , 5,482,908 .
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol may be prepared using a zinc hexacyanocobaltate-tert-butyl alcohol complex as disclosed in US Pat No. 6,821,308 .
  • the base catalyst includes Lewis bases.
  • the reaction may be carried out a reaction temperature range of about 50 °C to about 150 °C, or about 100 °C to about 120 °C.
  • the reaction may be carried out at atmospheric pressure between about 10 kPa to about 3000 kPa (or about 0.1 bar to about 30 bar), or about 50 kPa to about 1500 kPa (or about 0.5 bar to about 15 bar).
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol will undergo remove or neutralize the base catalyst.
  • the base catalyst may be removed or neutralised by techniques including acid neutralization, ion exchange, adsorption of metals, or mixtures thereof.
  • the monohydric alcohol typically forms a capping group on the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol. Also the monohydric alcohol may also be described as an initiator.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped group of the polyoxyalkylene polyol comprises a residue of a mixture of linear monohydric alcohols containing 12 to 15 carbon atoms.
  • the mixture of linear monohydric alcohols includes dodecanol, tridecanol, tetradecanol and/or pentadecanol.
  • the mixture of linear monohydric alcohol is a mixture of C 12-15 alcohols.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol is present in the lubricating composition at a range of 65 wt % to 95 wt %, of the lubricating composition.
  • the lubricating composition includes a phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester.
  • the phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester may be an antiwear agent and/or an extreme pressure agent.
  • the phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester is in the form of a mixture.
  • the phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester may be ash-containing (i.e. metal containing) or ashless (i.e. metal free (prior to being mixed with other components)).
  • the phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester includes (i) a non-ionic phosphorus compound; (ii) an amine salt of a phosphorus compound; (iii) an ammonium salt of a phosphorus compound; (iv) a monovalent metal salt of a phosphorus compound, such as a metal dialkyldithiophosphate or a metal dialkylphosphate; or (v) mixtures of (i), (ii), (iii) or (iv).
  • the phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester includes a metal dialkyldithiophosphate.
  • the alkyl groups of the dialkyldithiophosphate include linear or branched containing about 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, provided that the total number of carbons is sufficient to make the metal dialkyldithiophosphate soluble in the hydrocarbyl-capped group of the polyoxyalkylene polyol.
  • the metal of the metal dialkyldithiophosphate typically includes monovalent or divalent metals. Examples of suitable metals include sodium, potassium, copper, calcium, magnesium, barium or zinc.
  • the phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester is a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate.
  • Examples of a suitable zinc dialkylphosphate often referred to as ZDDP, ZDP or ZDTP) include, zinc di-(amyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(1,3-dimethylbutyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(heptyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(octyl) dithiophosphate di-(2-ethylhexyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(nonyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(decyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(dodecyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(dodecylphenyl) dithiophosphate, zinc di-(heptylphenyl) dithiophosphate, or mixtures thereof.
  • Examples of a zinc dialkyldithiophosphate derived from mixtures of alcohols include those derived from (i) a mixture of amyl alcohol and isobutyl alcohol, (ii) 2-ethylhexyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol, and (iii) 4-methyl-2-pentanol and isopropyl alcohol.
  • the phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester is other than metal dialkyldithiophosphate.
  • the phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester includes an ammonium or amine salt of a phosphorus-containing acid or ester.
  • the amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester includes phosphoric acid esters and amine salts thereof; dialkyldithiophosphoric acid esters and amine salts thereof; amine salts of phosphites; and amine salts of phosphorus-containing carboxylic esters, ethers, and amides; and mixtures thereof.
  • the amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester may be used alone or in combination.
  • the amine salt of a phosphorus compound is derived from an amine salt of a phosphorus compound, or mixtures thereof.
  • the amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester includes a partial amine salt-partial metal salt compounds or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester further includes at least one sulphur atom in the molecule.
  • Suitable amines that are suitable for making the amine salt include primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and mixtures thereof.
  • the amines include those with at least one hydrocarbyl group, or, in certain embodiments, two or three hydrocarbyl groups.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups may contain 2 to 30 carbon atoms, or in other embodiments 8 to 26, or 10 to 20, or 13 to 19 carbon atoms.
  • Primary amines include ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, octylamine, and dodecylamine, as well as such fatty amines as n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-octadecylamine and oleyamine.
  • fatty amines include commercially available fatty amines such as "Armeen®” amines (products available from Akzo Chemicals, Chicago, Illinois), such as Armeen C, Armeen O, Armeen OL, Armeen T, Armeen HT, Armeen S and Armeen SD, wherein the letter designation relates to the fatty group, such as coco, oleyl, tallow, or stearyl groups.
  • suitable secondary amines include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, diamylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, methylethylamine, ethylbutylamine and ethylamylamine.
  • the secondary amines include cyclic amines such as piperidine, piperazine and morpholine.
  • the amine includes a tertiary-aliphatic primary amine.
  • the aliphatic group of the tertiary-aliphatic primary amine includes an alkyl group containing 2 to 30, or 6 to 26, or 8 to 24 carbon atoms.
  • Tertiary alkyl amines include monoamines such as tert-butylamine, tert-hexylamine, 1-methyl-1-amino-cyclohexane, tert-octylamine, tert-decylamine, tertdodecylamine, tert-tetradecylamine, tert-hexadecylamine, tert-octadecylamine, tert-tetracosanylamine, and tert-octacosanylamine.
  • monoamines such as tert-butylamine, tert-hexylamine, 1-methyl-1-amino-cyclohexane, tert-octylamine, tert-decylamine, tertdodecylamine, tert-tetradecylamine, tert-hexadecylamine, tert-oct
  • the amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester includes an amine with C11 to C14 tertiary alkyl primary groups or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the amine salt of a phosphorus compound includes an amine with C14 to C18 tertiary alkyl primary amines or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment the amine salt of a phosphorus compound includes an amine with C18 to C22 tertiary alkyl primary amines or mixtures thereof.
  • amines may also be used in the invention.
  • a useful mixture of amines is "Primene® 81R” or “Primene® JMT.”
  • Primene® 81 R and Primene® JMT are mixtures of about C11 to about C 14 tertiary alkyl primary amines and about C18 to about C22 tertiary alkyl primary amines respectively.
  • the amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester is the reaction product of a about C14 to about C18 alkyl phosphoric acid with Primene 81R® (produced and sold by Rohm & Haas) which is a mixture of about C11 to about C 14 tertiary alkyl primary amines.
  • Examples of the amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester include the reaction product(s) of isopropyl, methyl-amyl (4-methyl-2-pentyl or mixtures thereof), 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, octyl or nonyl dithiophosphoric acids with ethylene diamine, morpholine, or Primene 81RTM, and mixtures thereof.
  • a dithiophosphoric acid may be reacted with an epoxide or a glycol.
  • This reaction product is further reacted with a phosphorus acid, anhydride, or lower ester (where "lower” signifies about 1 to about 8, or about 1 to about 6, or about 1 to about 4, or 1 to about 2 carbon atoms in the alcohol-derived portion of the ester).
  • the epoxide includes an aliphatic epoxide or a styrene oxide. Examples of useful epoxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene oxide, octene oxide, dodecene oxide, styrene oxide and the like. In one embodiment the epoxide is propylene oxide.
  • glycols include aliphatic glycols having 1 to 12, or 2 to 6, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms.
  • the dithiophosphoric acids, glycols, epoxides, inorganic phosphorus reagents and methods of reacting the same are described in U.S. Patent numbers 3,197,405 and 3,544,465 .
  • the resulting acids may then be salted with amines.
  • dithiophosphoric acid is prepared by adding phosphorus pentoxide (about 64 grams) at about 58 °C over a period of about 45 minutes to about 514 grams of hydroxypropyl O,O-di(4-methyl-2-pentyl)phosphorodithioate (prepared by reacting di(4-methyl-2-pentyl)-phosphorodithioic acid with 1.3 moles of propylene oxide at about 25 °C). The mixture is heated at about 75 °C for about 2.5 hours, mixed with a diatomaceous earth and filtered at about 70 °C. The filtrate contains about 11.8% by weight phosphorus, about 15.2% by weight sulphur, and an acid number of 87 (bromophenol blue).
  • the phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester includes a non-ionic phosphorus compound.
  • the non-ionic phosphorus compound may have an oxidation of +3 or +5.
  • the different embodiments include phosphite ester, phosphate esters, or mixtures thereof.
  • a more detailed description of the non-ionic phosphorus compound include column 9, line 48 to column 11, line 8 of US 6,103,673 .
  • the phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester includes an amine salt of at least one partially esterified monothiophosphoric acid, or mixtures thereof.
  • the phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester includes an amine salt of at least one partially esterified phosphoric acid.
  • the phosphorous-containing acid, salt or ester is present in the lubricating composition at a range of 0.1 wt % to 5 wt %, of the lubricating composition.
  • the extreme pressure agent is other than the phosphorus-containing acid, salt, or ester.
  • the extreme pressure agent includes a boron-containing compound, a sulphur-containing compound, or mixtures thereof.
  • the extreme pressure agent includes a boron-containing compound, or mixtures thereof.
  • the extreme pressure agent includes a sulphur-containing compound, or mixtures thereof.
  • the extreme pressure agent includes a sulphur-containing compound and a boron-containing compound.
  • the extreme pressure agent is present in the lubricating composition at a range selected from the group consisting of 0.01 wt % to 20 wt %, or 0.05 wt % to 10 wt %, and 0.1 wt % to 8 wt %, of the lubricating composition.
  • the extreme pressure agent includes a sulphur-containing compound.
  • the sulphur-containing compound includes a sulphurised olefin, a polysulphide, or mixtures thereof.
  • the sulphurised olefin examples include an olefin derived from propylene, isobutylene, pentene, an organic sulphide and/or polysulphide including benzyldisulphide; bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulphide; dibutyl tetrasulphide; di-tertiary butyl polysulphide; and sulphurised methyl ester of oleic acid, a sulphurised alkylphenol, a sulphurised dipentene, a sulphurised terpene, a sulphurised Diels-Alder adduct, an alkyl sulphenyl N'N-dialkyl dithiocarbamates; or mixtures thereof.
  • the sulphurised olefin includes an olefin derived from propylene, isobutylene, pentene or mixtures thereof.
  • the extreme pressure agent sulphur-containing compound including a dimercaptothiadiazole derivative, or mixtures thereof.
  • dimercaptothiadiazole derivative examples include 2,5-dimercapto-1,3-4-thiadiazole or a hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3-4-thiadiazole, or oligomers thereof.
  • the oligomers of hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3-4-thiadiazole typically form by forming a sulphur-sulphur bond between 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole units to form oligomers of two or more of said thiadiazole units.
  • Suitable 2,5-dimercapto-1,3-4-thiadiazole compounds include 2,5-bis(tert-nonyldithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazole or 2-tert-nonyldithio-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole.
  • the number of carbon atoms on the hydrocarbyl substituents of the hydrocarbyl-substituted 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole typically include about 1 to about 30, or about 2 to about 20, or about 3 to about 16.
  • the extreme pressure agent includes a boron-containing compound.
  • the boron-containing compound includes a borate ester, a borate alcohol, or mixtures thereof.
  • the boron-containing compound includes a borate ester or a borate alcohol.
  • the borate ester or borate alcohol compounds are substantially the same except the borate alcohol has at least one hydroxyl group that is not esterified. Therefore, as used herein the term "borate ester" is used to refer to either borate ester or borate alcohol.
  • the borate ester may be prepared by the reaction of a boron compound and at least one compound selected from epoxy compounds, halohydrin compounds, epihalohydrin compounds, alcohols and mixtures thereof.
  • the alcohols include dihydric alcohols, trihydric alcohols or higher alcohols, with the proviso for one embodiment that hydroxyl groups are on adjacent carbon atoms i.e. vicinal.
  • epoxy compounds is used when referring to "at least one compound selected from epoxy compounds, halohydrin compounds, epihalohydrin compounds and mixtures thereof.”
  • Boron compounds suitable for preparing the borate ester include the various forms selected from the group consisting of boric acid (including metaboric acid, HBO 2 , orthoboric acid, H 3 BO 3 , and tetraboric acid, H 2 B 4 O 7 ), boric oxide, boron trioxide and alkyl borates.
  • the borate ester may also be prepared from boron halides.
  • the borate ester is formed by the reaction of a borating agent with an epoxy compound, dihydric alcohols, trihydric alcohols or higher alcohols.
  • the borating agent includes various forms of boric acid (including metaboric acid, HBO 2 , orthoboric acid, H 3 BO 3 , and tetraboric acid, H 2 B 4 O 7 ), boric oxide, boron trioxide, and alkyl borates, such as those of the formula (RO) x B(OH) y wherein x is 1 to 3 and y is 0 to 2, the sum of x and y being 3, and where R is a hydrocarbyl group containing about 1 or more carbon atoms, provided that the borating agent is soluble in the hydrocarbyl-capped group of the polyoxyalkylene polyol.
  • boric acid including metaboric acid, HBO 2 , orthoboric acid, H 3 BO 3 , and tetraboric acid, H 2 B 4 O 7
  • boric oxide including metaboric acid, HBO 2 , orthoboric acid, H 3 BO 3 , and tetraboric acid, H 2 B 4 O 7
  • boric oxide such as
  • the borating agent includes an alkali or mixed alkali metal and alkaline earth metal borate.
  • These metal borates are generally hydrated particulate metal borates which are known in the art.
  • the metal borates include mixed alkali and alkaline earth metal borates. These metal borates are available commercially.
  • x is equal to 2 or 3 for the formula (RO) x B(OH) y .
  • R groups per the above formula are hydrocarbyl groups.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups include alkyl, aryl or cycloalkyl when any two adjacent R groups are connected in a ring.
  • R is alkyl, the group include saturated or unsaturated.
  • the hydrocarbyl group is an unsaturated alkyl.
  • the hydrocarbyl group is cyclic.
  • the hydrocarbyl groups are mixtures of alkyl and cycloalkyl.
  • the number of carbon atoms in each R group includes 1 to 60, or 1 to 40, or 1 to 30 carbon atoms, provided the total number of carbon atoms on the R groups typically ranges from in 9 or more, or 10 or more, or 12 or more, or 14 or more.
  • all R groups are hydrocarbyl groups containing 1 to 30 carbon atoms, provided the total number of carbon atoms is 9 or more.
  • R groups include isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, amyl, 2-pentenyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2-ethylhexyl, heptyl, isooctyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecenyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl and eicosyl groups.
  • the epoxy compounds useful for preparing the borate ester or borate alcohol includes those represented by the formulae: or wherein R 1 includes independently H or an alkyl chain containing 1 to about 4, or about 1 to about 2 carbon atoms; R 2 includes an alkyl chain containing 8 to 30, or 10 to 26, or 12 to 22 carbon atoms; and T includes independently hydrogen or a halogen.
  • T includes a halogen, such as, chlorine, bromine, iodine or fluorine or mixtures thereof; and the epoxy compounds are epihalohydrin compounds.
  • T is chlorine.
  • T is hydrogen.
  • the epoxy compounds of the invention include commercial mixtures of C 14 -C 16 epoxides or C 14 -C 18 epoxides. In one embodiment, the epoxy compounds of the invention are substantially of the same carbon number. Examples of suitable such epoxy compounds may include 1,2-epoxydecane, 1,2-epoxyundecane, 1,2-epoxydodecane, 1,2-epoxytridecane, 1,2-epoxybutadecane, 1,2-epoxypentadecane 1,2-epoxyhexadecane, 1,2-epoxyheptadecane, 1,2-epoxyoctadecane, 1,2-epoxynonadecane and 1,2-epoxyicosane.
  • purified epoxy compounds include 1,2-epoxytetradecane, 1,2-epoxypentadecane 1,2-epoxyhexadecane, 1,2-epoxyheptadecane, 1,2-epoxyoctadecane. In one embodiment the epoxy compound is 1,2-epoxyhexadecane.
  • the dihydric alcohols, trihydric alcohols or higher alcohols may contain about 2 to about 30, or about 4 to about 26, or about 6 to about 20 carbon atoms.
  • the alcohol compounds may include glycerol compounds, such as, glycerol monooleate.
  • the borate ester may be prepared by blending the borating agent and the epoxy compounds or alcohols described above and heating them at a suitable temperature, such as at 80 °C to 250 °C, 90 °C to 240 °C, or 100 °C to 230 °C, until the desired reaction has occurred.
  • the molar ratio of the borating agent to the epoxy compounds includes 4:1 to 1:4, or 1:1 to 1:3, or 1:2.
  • An inert liquid may be used in performing the reaction.
  • the liquid includes toluene, xylene, chlorobenzene, dimethylformamide, or mixtures thereof. Water is typically formed and is distilled off during the reaction. Alkaline reagents may be used to catalyze the reaction.
  • suitable boron-containing compounds include tripropyl borate, tributyl borate, tripentyl borate, trihexyl borate, triheptyl borate, trioctyl borate, trinonyl borate and tridecyl borate.
  • the borate ester compounds include tributyl borate, tri-2-ethylhexyl borate or mixtures thereof.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol disclosed herein is mixed with a conventional oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • a conventional oil of lubricating viscosity may be immiscible with the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol disclosed herein
  • a person skilled in the art may further include ester base oils. The presence of ester base oils without being bound by theory is believed to aid in solubilising hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol disclosed herein, and a conventional oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • the lubricating compositions of the present invention are lubricated with the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol as disclosed herein i.e. the lubricating composition is free of a conventional oil of lubricating viscosity, other than diluent oil conventionally associated with lubricant additives.
  • the conventional oil of lubricating viscosity is an oil other than the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol as disclosed herein.
  • the conventional oil of lubricating viscosity includes natural and synthetic oils, oil derived from hydrocracking, hydrogenation, and hydrofinishing, unrefined, refined and re-refined oils or mixtures thereof.
  • Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source generally without (or with little) further purification treatment.
  • Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties.
  • Purification techniques include solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation and the like.
  • Re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils, and are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils and often are additionally processed by techniques directed to removal of spent additives and oil breakdown products.
  • Natural oils useful in making the conventional oil of lubricating viscosity include animal oils, vegetable oils (e.g., castor oil, lard oil), mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
  • animal oils e.g., castor oil, lard oil
  • mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types and oils derived from coal or shale or mixtures thereof.
  • Synthetic conventional oils of lubricating viscosity are useful and include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerised and interpolymerised olefins (e.g., polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propyleneisobutylene copolymers); poly(1-hexenes), poly(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes), and mixtures thereof; alkylbenzenes (e.g.
  • dodecylbenzenes tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di-(2-ethylhexyl)-benzenes
  • polyphenyls e.g., biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls
  • Another synthetic conventional oil of lubricating viscosity include polyol esters other than the the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol as disclosed herein, diesters, liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids (e.g., tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and the diethyl ester of decane phosphonic acid), or polymeric tetrahydrofurans.
  • Synthetic conventional oil of lubricating viscosity also include those produced by Fischer-Tropsch reactions and typically may be hydroisomerised Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes.
  • conventional oil of lubricating viscosity may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch gas-to-liquid synthetic procedure as well as other gas-to-liquid oils.
  • Conventional oils of lubricating viscosity may also be defined as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines.
  • the five base oil groups are as follows: Group I (sulphur content >0.03 wt %, and/or ⁇ 90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group II (sulphur content ⁇ 0.03 wt %, and ⁇ 90 wt % saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group III (sulphur content ⁇ 0.03 wt %, and ⁇ 90 wt % saturates, viscosity index ⁇ 120); Group IV (all polyalphaolefins (PAOs)); and Group V (all others not included in Groups I, II, III, or IV).
  • PAOs polyalphaolefins
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity comprises an API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V oil or mixtures thereof. Often the oil of lubricating viscosity is an API Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV oil or mixtures thereof. Alternatively the oil of lubricating viscosity is often an API Group II, Group III or Group IV oil or mixtures thereof.
  • the lubricating composition of the invention optionally further includes at least one other performance additive.
  • the other performance additives include metal deactivators, detergents, dispersants, viscosity index improvers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour point depressants, seal swelling agents, or mixtures thereof.
  • the total combined amount of the other performance additive compounds present on an oil free basis is present in the lubricating composition at a range selected from the group consisting of 0 wt % to 25 wt%, or 0.01 wt% to 20 wt%, or 0.1 wt % to 15 wt % or 0.5 wt % to 10 wt %, and 1 to 5 wt %, of the lubricating composition.
  • the other performance additives may be present, it is common for the other performance additives to be present in different amounts relative to each other.
  • Antioxidants include molybdenum compounds such as molybdenum dithiocarbamates, sulphurised olefins, hindered phenols, aminic compounds (such as alkylated diphenylamines, (typically di-nonyl diphenylamine, octyl diphenylamine, di-octyl diphenylamine)); detergents include neutral or overbased detergents, Newtonian or non-Newtonian, basic salts of alkali, alkaline earth or transition metals with one or more of a phenate, a sulphurised phenate, a sulphonate, a carboxylic acid, a phosphorus acid, a mono- and/or a di- thiophosphoric acid, a saligenin, an alkylsalicylate, and a salixarate; and dispersants include N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides, as well as Mannich condensation products as
  • Post-treated dispersants include those by reaction with urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulphide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, nitriles, epoxides, and phosphorus compounds.
  • Antiscuffing agents including organic sulphides and polysulphides, such as benzyldisulphide, bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, di-tertiary butyl polysulphide, di-tert-butylsulphide, sulphurised Diels-Alder adducts or alkyl sulphenyl N'N-dialkyl dithiocarbamates; and extreme pressure (EP) agents including chlorinated wax, metal thiocarbamates, such as zinc dioctyldithiocarbamate and barium heptylphenol diacid may also be used in the composition of the invention.
  • organic sulphides and polysulphides such as benzyldisulphide, bis-(chlorobenzyl) disulphide, dibutyl tetrasulphide, di-tertiary butyl polysulphide, di-tert-butyls
  • the invention may also include friction modifiers other than component including fatty amines, esters such as borated glycerol esters, fatty glycerol partial esters (for example glycerol mono-oleate, or glycerol di-oleate), fatty phosphites, fatty acid amides, fatty epoxides, borated fatty epoxides, alkoxylated fatty amines, borated alkoxylated fatty amines, metal salts of fatty acids, or fatty imidazolines, condensation products of carboxylic acids and polyalkylene-polyamines.
  • esters such as borated glycerol esters, fatty glycerol partial esters (for example glycerol mono-oleate, or glycerol di-oleate), fatty phosphites, fatty acid amides, fatty epoxides, borated fatty epoxides, alkoxylated
  • Viscosity modifiers include polymethacrylate acid esters, polyacrylate acid esters, and esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers.
  • the polymer of the invention is mixed with a viscosity modifier.
  • the viscosity modifier polymer architecture includes linear or star structures.
  • performance additives such as corrosion inhibitors including octylamine octanoate, condensation products of dodecenyl succinic acid or anhydride and a fatty acid such as oleic acid with a polyamine; metal deactivators including derivatives of benzotriazoles (typically tolyltriazole), 1,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles or 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles; foam inhibitors including copolymers of ethyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexylacrylate and optionally vinyl acetate; demulsifiers including trialkyl phosphates, polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides and (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers; pour point depressants including esters of maleic anhydride-styrene, polymethacrylates, polyacrylates or polyacrylamides; and seal swell agents including Exxon Ne
  • the method of the invention is useful for lubricating a variety of mechanical devices.
  • the mechanical device comprises at least one of an internal combustion engine (for crankcase lubrication), a hydraulic system, an axle, a gear, a gearbox or a transmission.
  • the transmission may include manual transmissions, continuously variable transmissions (CVT), infinitely variable transmissions (IVT), Toroidal transmissions, continuously slipping torque converted clutches (CSTCC), automatic transmissions, stepped automatic transmissions, traction drive transmissions or dual clutch transmissions (DVT).
  • CVT continuously variable transmissions
  • IVT infinitely variable transmissions
  • Toroidal transmissions continuously slipping torque converted clutches
  • CSTCC continuously slipping torque converted clutches
  • automatic transmissions stepped automatic transmissions
  • traction drive transmissions or dual clutch transmissions DVT
  • the transmission is a manual transmission.
  • the hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol and lubricating composition thereof is capable of providing the mechanical device with an oil of lubricating viscosity capable of imparting at least one of an acceptable coefficient of friction, viscosity index (VI), oil blend thickening capabilities, shear stability, good low temperature viscosity performance, reduced operating temperatures, acceptable wear performance, acceptable durability, or acceptable fuel economy.
  • an oil of lubricating viscosity capable of imparting at least one of an acceptable coefficient of friction, viscosity index (VI), oil blend thickening capabilities, shear stability, good low temperature viscosity performance, reduced operating temperatures, acceptable wear performance, acceptable durability, or acceptable fuel economy.
  • the amount of additives added to the examples below includes conventional amounts of diluent (may be 0 wt % to about 60 wt % depending on additive).
  • Reference 1 is a gear oil containing 10 wt % of a commercially available additive package and about 90 wt % of a commercially available butanol-initiated polyalkylene glycol derived from propylene glycol.
  • the gear oil further contains about 5 wt % of a viscosity index improver (esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers), about 4.6 wt % of a sulphurised olefin, about 1.9 wt % of phosphorus antiwear agents, about 3.25 wt % of antioxidants (includes phenolic and aminic compounds).
  • Example 1 a gear oil containing 10 wt % of a commercially available additive package and about 90 wt % of a C 12-15 -alkyl alcohol-initiated polyalkylene glycol derived from propylene glycol (commercially available from Bayer with the trade name ActaclearTMND-21).
  • the gear oil further contains about 5 wt % of a viscosity index improver (esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers), about 4.6 wt % of a sulphurised olefin, about 1.9 wt % of phosphorus antiwear agents, about 3.25 wt % of antioxidants (includes phenolic and aminic compounds).
  • the axle efficiency of Reference example 1 and Example 1 is determined by employing the methodology disclosed in SAE Paper No. 2003-01-3235 (entitled: "Developing Next Generation Axle Fluids: Part III - Laboratory CAFE Simulation Test as Key Fluid Development Tool", authors: Akucewich, E. S.; O'Connor, B. M.; Vinci, J. N.; Schenkenberger, C. ).
  • the test method simulates the Federal Test Procedure 75 (FTP-75).
  • the method simulates FTP-75 by performing a series of steady-state speed and load conditions in a laboratory full-scale axle stand.
  • the test method employs a single axle for multiple lubricant evaluations.
  • the results from the axle efficiency test indicate that the present invention containing a hydrocarbyl-capped group of the polyoxyalkylene polyol initiated with a linear or branched monohydric alcohol containing about 6 or more carbon atoms has improved axle efficiency over the a similar lubricating composition employing a polyoxyalkylene polyol initiated with butanol.
  • the example compositions disclosed above are evaluated for coefficient of friction using a Mini Traction Machine (MTM) available from PCS Instruments.
  • MTM Mini Traction Machine
  • the test configuration is that of a 19.05 mm (3 ⁇ 4 inch) diameter bearing steel ball making a contact on a highly polished surface on a 46 mm diameter bearing steel disk. Ball makes contact with the disc such that spin in the contact is eliminated.
  • Rolling velocity, slide/roll ratio, temperature and load were the parameters that could be varied during each test.
  • the specimen speeds are independently controlled using servo-motors to produce desired slide/roll motion at the contact.
  • the specimens are contained in a sealed temperature controlled reservoir that contains an approximately 35 ml fluid sample.
  • the test temperature is controlled through the use of electric heaters.
  • the contact is automatically loaded to the desired Hertz pressure.
  • Example Adjusted SRR Slide Roll Ratio 10 20 30
  • hydrocarbyl-capped polyoxyalkylene polyol and lubricating compositions thereof is capable of providing the mechanical device with an oil of lubricating viscosity capable of imparting at least one of an acceptable co-efficient of friction, viscosity index (VI), oil blend thickening capabilities, shear stability, good low temperature viscosity performance, reduced operating temperatures, acceptable wear performance, acceptable durability, or acceptable fuel economy.
  • VI viscosity index

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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Claims (13)

  1. Méthode pour lubrifier une chaîne de transmission avec une composition de lubrification comprenant :
    (a) un polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle, où (i) le groupement coiffé par un hydrocarbyle du polyoxyalkylènepolyol comprend un résidu d'un mélange d'alcools monohydriques linéaires choisis dans le groupe constitué par le dodécanol, le tridécanol, le tétradécanol et le pentadécanol, (ii) le polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle comprend de 0 % en poids à 80 % en poids d'oxyde d'éthylène et un oxyde d'alkylène contenant de 3 à 8 atomes de carbone présent à 20 % en poids à 100 % en poids du polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle, et (iii) le polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle est présent dans la composition de lubrification à 50 % en poids à 95 % en poids de la composition de lubrification ; et
    (b) un acide, sel ou ester contenant du phosphore, ou des mélanges de ceux-ci, l'acide, le sel ou l'ester contenant du phosphore ou des mélanges de ceux-ci étant présents dans la composition de lubrification à 0,1 % en poids à 5 % en poids de la composition de lubrification.
  2. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle est un polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle, mono-coiffé, un polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle, dicoiffé, ou des mélanges de ceux-ci.
  3. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle est issu d'un homopolymère d'un oxyde d'alkylène.
  4. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle est issu d'un copolymère de deux oxydes d'alkylène ou plus.
  5. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle est présent dans la composition de lubrification à 65 % en poids à 95 % en poids de la composition de lubrification.
  6. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle comprend de 1 % en poids à 70 % en poids d'oxyde d'éthylène et un oxyde d'alkylène contenant de 3 à 8 atomes de carbone présent à 30 % en poids à 99 % en poids du polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle.
  7. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle comprend de 5 % en poids à 60 % en poids d'oxyde d'éthylène et un oxyde d'alkylène contenant de 3 à 8 atomes de carbone présent à 40 % en poids à 95 % en poids du polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle.
  8. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la composition de lubrification comprend en outre un agent extrême-pression non phosphoré, ou des mélanges de celui-ci.
  9. Méthode selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que l'agent extrême-pression non phosphoré est choisi dans le groupe constitué par un composé contenant du bore, un composé contenant du soufre, et des mélanges de ceux-ci.
  10. Méthode selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que l'agent extrême-pression non phosphoré est présent à 0,01 % en poids à 20 % en poids, ou 0,05 % en poids à 10 % en poids, ou 0,1 % en poids à 8 % en poids de la composition de lubrification.
  11. Méthode selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la chaîne de transmission est choisie parmi au moins le groupe constitué par un essieu, un engrenage, une boîte de vitesse et une transmission.
  12. Méthode selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que la transmission est choisie parmi au moins le groupe constitué par les transmissions manuelles, les transmissions à variation continue, les transmissions à variation infinie, les transmissions toroïdales, les embrayages de convertisseurs de couple de glissement continu, les transmissions automatiques, les transmissions automatiques progressives, les transmissions de traction et les transmissions à double embrayage.
  13. Utilisation d'une composition de lubrification comprenant :
    (a) un polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle, où
    (i) le groupement coiffé par un hydrocarbyle du polyoxyalkylènepolyol comprend un résidu d'un mélange d'alcools monohydriques linéaires choisis dans le groupe constitué par le dodécanol, le tridécanol, le tétradécanol et le pentadécanol,
    (ii) le polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle comprend de 0 % en poids à 80 % en poids d'oxyde d'éthylène et un oxyde d'alkylène contenant de 3 à 8 atomes de carbone présent à 20 % en poids à 100 % en poids du polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle, et
    (iii) le polyoxyalkylènepolyol coiffé par un hydrocarbyle est présent dans la composition de lubrification à 50 % en poids à 95 % en poids de la composition de lubrification ; et
    (b) un acide, sel ou ester contenant du phosphore, ou des mélanges de ceux-ci, l'acide, le sel ou l'ester contenant du phosphore ou des mélanges de ceux-ci étant présents dans la composition de lubrification à 0,1 % en poids à 5 % en poids de la composition de lubrification,
    pour donner une économie de carburant à une chaîne de transmission, ladite utilisation impliquant la méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12.
EP08728199A 2007-01-29 2008-01-24 Méthode pour lubrifier une chaîne de transmission avec une composition de lubrification comprenant des polyols éthérifiés Not-in-force EP2113022B1 (fr)

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US88697307P 2007-01-29 2007-01-29
PCT/US2008/051898 WO2008094812A2 (fr) 2007-01-29 2008-01-24 Compositions de lubrification

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WO2008094812A2 (fr) 2008-08-07
US20130017981A1 (en) 2013-01-17
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JP2010516871A (ja) 2010-05-20
CA2674549A1 (fr) 2008-08-07
WO2008094812A3 (fr) 2008-10-02

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