EP2109871B1 - Device for switching on and off an electric circuit - Google Patents
Device for switching on and off an electric circuit Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2109871B1 EP2109871B1 EP08707924A EP08707924A EP2109871B1 EP 2109871 B1 EP2109871 B1 EP 2109871B1 EP 08707924 A EP08707924 A EP 08707924A EP 08707924 A EP08707924 A EP 08707924A EP 2109871 B1 EP2109871 B1 EP 2109871B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- microswitch
- pyrotechnic charge
- electric circuit
- membrane
- conductors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
- H01H39/004—Closing switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
- H01H39/006—Opening by severing a conductor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/005—Details of electromagnetic relays using micromechanics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
- H01H2036/0093—Micromechanical switches actuated by a change of the magnetic field
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
- H01H2039/008—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current using the switch for a battery cutoff
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
- H01H50/005—Details of electromagnetic relays using micromechanics
- H01H2050/007—Relays of the polarised type, e.g. the MEMS relay beam having a preferential magnetisation direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
- H01H35/14—Switches operated by change of acceleration, e.g. by shock or vibration, inertia switch
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
- H01H35/14—Switches operated by change of acceleration, e.g. by shock or vibration, inertia switch
- H01H35/144—Switches operated by change of acceleration, e.g. by shock or vibration, inertia switch operated by vibration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H35/00—Switches operated by change of a physical condition
- H01H35/24—Switches operated by change of fluid pressure, by fluid pressure waves, or by change of fluid flow
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H59/00—Electrostatic relays; Electro-adhesion relays
- H01H59/0009—Electrostatic relays; Electro-adhesion relays making use of micromechanics
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for interrupting / switching on an electric circuit.
- This device operates from a pyrotechnic charge.
- He is known in particular by the document DE 44 06 730 a device for interrupting an electrical circuit.
- This device comprises in particular a pyrotechnic actuator comprising a pyrotechnic charge and a piston controlled in translation under the effect of the gases generated by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge.
- the piston carries a finger capable of coming to press a connection bridge initially making the electrical connection between two conductors.
- This bridge is mounted on a spring.
- the gases generated by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge cause the piston in motion to push on the bridge to disconnect the two conductors and thus interrupt the electrical circuit.
- this device of the prior art requires the use of an external sensor.
- it uses mainly mechanical means that are likely to wear over time, may cause malfunctions.
- the object of the invention is to propose a device for interrupting / switching on an electrical circuit which is not sensitive to wear over time and which operates using a pyrotechnic charge whose ignition is controlled. directly in the device.
- the microswitch is placed on a circuit branch connected on the one hand to the electric circuit and on the other hand to the ground.
- the ignition means comprise a heating resistive element mounted in series with the microswitch and able to initiate combustion of the pyrotechnic charge.
- the microswitch is controlled by a mobile permanent magnet, for example actuatable in translation.
- the microswitch is controlled by an excitation coil.
- the excitation coil is connected in parallel with the electric circuit.
- the device of the invention is then a device for interrupting the electrical circuit in which the electric circuit comprises two conductors and a connecting piece displaceable under the effect of the gases generated by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge, the connection piece connecting initially both drivers.
- the excitation coil is connected in parallel with the microswitch. In this case it is controlled by a sensor.
- the device of the invention is then an engagement device in which the electrical circuit comprises two conductors and a movable connection piece under the effect of the gases generated by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge.
- the connection piece is initially disconnected from the two conductors and is for example integral with a piston separating a first chamber comprising the pyrotechnic charge of a second chamber through which the two conductors pass.
- the micro-switch employed comprises for example a membrane of ferromagnetic material capable of being controlled between two positions by aligning with the field lines of a magnetic field.
- the invention relates to a device for interrupting or interlocking a main electrical circuit.
- This main electrical circuit can for example be reserved for the supply of a battery, transformers, elevator brakes or all types of circuits requiring a break or a quick and reliable engagement.
- Interrupt devices represented in figures 1 and 2 and the interlocking device shown in figure 3 each comprise a body 1 crossed by two spaced apart electrical conductors 6a, 6b connected to a main electrical supply circuit ( figure 1 ) for example of an apparatus A powered by a generator G.
- these two conductors 6a, 6b are initially joined by a movable connecting piece 7 initially making the electrical connection while in the interlocking device these two conductors 6a, 6b are initially spaced and are intended to be connected by a movable connecting piece 700.
- the body 1 of these devices is hermetically closed and has a bottom wall on which a breaking primer groove 8 is formed.
- the connecting piece 7 is for example wedged between the two conductors 6a, 6b and the bottom wall of the body.
- the combustion initiation of this charge 5 makes it possible to generate gases inside the body 1 and to cause the interruption of the circuit electrical main or the engagement of the main electrical circuit by moving the connecting piece 7, 700.
- the gases are released by bursting of the body 1 along the groove 8 of incipient fracture.
- the interruption / engagement devices also comprise a microswitch M, M 'with magnetic actuation as described below.
- This type of microswitch is particularly advantageous because it is housed in a perfectly hermetic housing and because it is insensitive to static electricity problems that can cause untimely firing of the pyrotechnic charge. It may in particular be manufactured by a MEMS type technology (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System).
- microswitch M M 'are represented on the figures 4 and 9 .
- Other types of microswitches perfectly meeting the needs of the invention could be envisaged, including "reed” type microswitches.
- the microswitch M, M ' comprises a movable element mounted on a substrate S made of materials such as silicon, glass, ceramics or in the form of printed circuits.
- the substrate S carries for example on its surface 30 at least two contacts or conductive tracks 31, 32 plane, identical and spaced apart, intended to be electrically connected by a movable electrical contact 21, 21 'in order to obtain the closure of a circuit electric.
- the movable element is composed of a deformable membrane 20, 20 'having at least one layer of ferromagnetic material.
- the ferromagnetic material is for example of the soft magnetic type and can be for example an alloy of iron and nickel ("permalloy" Ni 80 Fe 20 ).
- the membrane 20, 20 ' can take a low position, called closure, in which its movable contact 21, 21' electrically connects the two fixed conductor tracks 31, 32 of so as to close the electrical circuit or a raised up position, said opening, in which its movable contact 21, 21 'is away from the two conductive tracks so as to open the electrical circuit.
- closure in which its movable contact 21, 21' electrically connects the two fixed conductor tracks 31, 32 of so as to close the electrical circuit or a raised up position
- said opening in which its movable contact 21, 21 'is away from the two conductive tracks so as to open the electrical circuit.
- the free space In the open position, the free space must be sufficient to maintain the "no fire" standard in case of parasitic current.
- the membrane 20 of the microswitch M has a longitudinal axis (A) and is integral with the substrate S via two connecting arms 22a, 22b connecting said membrane 20 to two anchoring studs 23a, 23b arranged symmetrically to on both sides of its longitudinal axis (A) and extending perpendicularly with respect to this axis (A).
- the membrane 20 is able to pivot between its open position and its closed position along an axis of rotation (R) parallel to the axis described by the contact points of the membrane 20 with the electrical tracks 31, 32 and perpendicular to its longitudinal axis (A).
- Its movable electrical contact 21 is disposed under the membrane 20, at one end thereof.
- the magnetic actuation of the microswitch M consists of subjecting the membrane 20 to a permanent magnetic field B 0 , preferably uniform and for example of direction perpendicular to the surface 30 of the substrate S to maintain the membrane 20 in each of its positions, and to apply a temporary magnetic field Bc control to control the passage of the membrane 20 from one position to another, by inverting the magnetic torque exerted on the membrane 20.
- Force the membrane 20 to 20 opening by employing a temporary magnetic field B 0 may be necessary to resist electrostatic discharges and to give the microswitch M a strong galvanic isolation.
- it is possible to dispense with the application of the permanent magnetic field B 0 if the membrane at rest ensures sufficient opening space.
- the membrane 20 may be mechanically prestressed, for example by adding a layer made of a prestressed material.
- a permanent magnet (not shown) is used, for example fixed under the substrate S.
- the temporary magnetic field Bc is for example generated using an excitation coil 4 associated with the microphone -M switch M.
- This excitation coil 4 may be planar ( figure 5 ), integrated in the substrate, or external, for example of the solenoid type.
- the passage of a current in the excitation coil 4 generates a temporary magnetic field direction parallel to the substrate S and parallel to the longitudinal axis (A) of the membrane 20 to control, according to the direction of the current in the coil, the tilting of the membrane 20 from one of its positions to the other of its positions.
- the operation of such a microswitch M is detailed below in connection with the Figures 6 to 8 .
- the coil 40, 400 is represented in the form of a winding, but it should be understood that it can take any other form, in particular a planar shape integrated in the substrate of the microswitch M ( figure 5 ).
- the substrate S supporting the membrane 20 is placed under the effect of the permanent magnetic field B 0 already defined above.
- the first magnetic field B 0 initially generates a magnetic component BP 2 in the membrane 20 along its longitudinal axis (A).
- the magnetic torque resulting from the first magnetic field B 0 and the BP component 2 generated in the membrane 20 holds the membrane 20 in one of its positions, for example the open position on the figure 6 .
- the passage of a control current in a defined direction through the excitation coil 4 makes it possible to generate the temporary control magnetic field Bc whose direction is parallel to the substrate S, its direction depending on the direction of the current delivered in the coil 4.
- the temporary magnetic field Bc generates the magnetic component BP 3 in the magnetic layer of the membrane 20. If the control current is delivered in a suitable direction, this new magnetic component BP 3 opposes the generated component BP 2 in the magnetic layer of the membrane 20 by the first magnetic field B 0 . If the BP component 3 is of greater intensity than that generated by the first magnetic field B 0 , the magnetic torque resulting from the first magnetic field B 0 and this BP 3 component is reversed and causes the membrane 20 to tilt. open position to its closed position ( figure 7 ).
- the magnetic field Bc is generated only transiently to tilt the membrane 20 from one position to another.
- the membrane 20 is then held in its closed position under the effect of the only first magnetic field B 0 creating a new magnetic component BP 4 in the membrane 20 and therefore a new magnetic torque imposing on the membrane 20 to remain in its position. closing position ( figure 8 ).
- the membrane 20 'of the microswitch M' has a longitudinal axis (A ') and is connected at one of its ends via connecting arms 22a', 22b ', to one or more pads 23 'anchoring integral with the substrate S.
- the membrane 20' is pivotable relative to the substrate along an axis (R ') of rotation perpendicular to its longitudinal axis (A').
- the link arms 22a ', 22b' form an elastic connection between the membrane 20 'and the anchor stud 23' and are flexibly biased during the pivoting of the membrane 20 '.
- the magnetic actuation of the microswitch M ' is illustrated on the Figures 10 and 11 . It consists in applying a magnetic field created by a permanent magnet 4 '. According to this mode of actuation, the ferromagnetic membrane 20 'moves between its two states by aligning with the field lines L of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 4'.
- the magnetic field created by the permanent magnet 4 ' has indeed L field lines whose orientation generates a magnetic component (BP' 0 , BP ' 1 ) in a ferromagnetic layer of the membrane 20' along its longitudinal axis ( AT').
- By moving the permanent magnet 4 ' it is therefore possible to subject the membrane 20' to two different orientations of the field lines L of the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 4 'and to tilt the membrane 20' between its two positions .
- the displacement of the permanent magnet 4' can be made in a direction parallel to the surface 30 of the substrate S or perpendicular to this surface 30.
- the body of the devices therefore also contain means for igniting the pyrotechnic charge 5 composed in particular of a microswitch M, M 'as described above and a heating resistive element, such as for example a resistive wire. 9, whose heating for initiating the pyrotechnic charge in combustion is controlled by the microswitch M, M '.
- the microswitch M, M ' is placed in series with respect to the resistive wire 9, itself connected on the one hand to earth and on the other hand to the main electrical circuit when the microswitch M, M' is closed .
- the resistive wire 9 is located near the pyrotechnic charge 5, preferably in contact therewith or encased by it (variant not shown).
- the combustion initiation of the pyrotechnic charge 5 can be carried out directly by the microswitch without the use of the resistive wire 9.
- the microswitch can it is designed to volatilize by producing the energy required to ignite the pyrotechnic charge 5.
- the microswitch comprises for example a fuse 20 adapted to volatilize when the controlled current is too strong.
- a first configuration of an interrupt device is represented in figure 1 .
- This interruption device is intended to react to an external mechanical action.
- This external mechanical action can be performed by various means, such as for example an increase in the pressure of a fluid (air, water or oil) or the action of an external mechanical part set in motion following a temperature variation. or in response to a shock.
- Any other type of sensor could be envisaged, in particular a "multiphysics" sensor producing a mechanical response as a function of the variation of various physical parameters such as pressure, temperature, speed, etc.
- the device comprises a movable permanent magnet 10, for example in the form of disk or torus, mounted on a mobile actuator OA on which the external mechanical action is exerted, so as to coaxial with respect to the axis (X) of the device.
- This actuating member OA is able to move in translation during the application of a minimum external mechanical action calibrated, for example by means of a bellows mechanism 11, of an elastic membrane with sudden rupture (no shown) or with the aid of a fixed magnet in the form of a disk or a torus (not shown) arranged concentrically with respect to the moving permanent magnet 10.
- the magnet Mobile standing 10 can therefore translate along the axis (X) of the device between a rest position and a working position.
- the microswitch M ' employed is of the type of the second variant described below. This microswitch M 'is offset relative to the axis (X) of the device so as to be able to switch under the influence of the magnetic field created by the moving permanent magnet 10.
- the gases generated by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge 5 then cause the bursting of the body 1 according to its breaking point 8 and simultaneously the ejection of the connecting piece 7, so as to interrupt the main electrical circuit between the two conductors 6a. , 6b.
- the microswitch M employed in this configuration is of the type of the first variant described above. It is therefore polarized by a fixed permanent magnet (not shown) for example secured to the substrate S and creating the magnetic field B 0 initially maintaining the microswitch M in the open position.
- the microswitch M is offset with respect to the axis of the coil 40 so as to be under the influence of its substantially horizontal field lines. When the coil 40 is activated, the microswitch M is therefore placed under the dominating influence of the temporary magnetic field Bc ( figure 7 parallel to its substrate S and controlling its membrane 20 between its two positions.
- the excitation coil 40 is represented by a winding around a carcass but it must be understood that it can take any other form. As represented in figure 5 it may especially be of planar type, integrated in the substrate S supporting the microswitch M.
- the excitation coil 40 is connected in parallel with the main electric circuit so as to be traversed by the current of the main electrical circuit.
- the field generated by the coil 40 being proportional to the current flowing through it, the microswitch M can thus switch when the current exceeds a threshold value determined by the device to be protected.
- the temporary magnetic field Bc created by the excitation coil 40 generates a magnetic component in the membrane 20 of the microswitch M, of sufficient intensity to impose its closed position ( Figures 7 and 8 ), causing as in the first configuration, the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge 5 and the interruption of the main electrical circuit by ejection of the connection piece 7.
- the interlocking device represented in figure 3 also operates using an excitation coil 400 which is here connected in parallel with the resistive wire 9 and the microswitch M 'employed.
- the microswitch M 'employed in this interlocking device is of the type of the first variant described above ( Figures 4 to 8 ).
- Its membrane 20 is polarized by a fixed permanent magnet (not shown) and is controlled between its two positions by the temporary magnetic field Bc created by the coil 400.
- the coil 400 may be of planar type, integrated into the substrate S of the micro-switch ( figure 5 ).
- the excitation coil 400 is for example controlled at the closing by a sensor C.
- This sensor C can for example take the form of a switch sensitive to one or more physical parameters, such as temperature, pressure, acceleration, etc.
- an acceleration sensor comprising a plurality of MEMS-type microswitches conforming to FIG. invention placed on the electric circuit in series with the micro-switch M of ignition control of the load 5.
- a permanent magnet is for example set in motion according to the intensity of the acceleration or deceleration to operate more or less micro-switches. When an acceleration or deceleration threshold is reached, all the microswitches are closed allowing the passage of current to the excitation coil 400.
- the connecting piece 700 is mounted integral with a piston P separating the internal space of the body 1 into a first chamber 500 containing the pyrotechnic charge and a second chamber 600 traversed by the conductors 6a, 6b and containing the connection piece 700.
- the piston P is for example retained by notches 300 formed on the internal face of the body 1.
- the coil 400 In operation, when the coil 400 is activated, its magnetic field acts on the microswitch M imposing its closed position. Closing the microswitch M causes the heating of the pyrotechnic charge 5, and thus the generation of gas.
- the gases created in the first chamber 500 push the piston P in translation accompanied by the connection piece 700 until it comes to connect the two conductors 6a, 6b.
- the device may for example provide a valve mechanism 800 for evacuating the combustion gases from the first chamber 500.
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- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Thermally Actuated Switches (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
- Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention se rapporte à un dispositif d'interruption/enclenchement d'un circuit électrique. Ce dispositif fonctionne à partir d'une charge pyrotechnique.The present invention relates to a device for interrupting / switching on an electric circuit. This device operates from a pyrotechnic charge.
Il est connu notamment par le document
Pour commander l'initiation de la charge pyrotechnique, ce dispositif de l'art antérieur nécessite l'emploi d'un organe de détection externe. En outre, il utilise principalement des moyens mécaniques qui sont susceptibles de s'user au cours du temps, pouvant entraîner des dysfonctionnements.To control the initiation of the pyrotechnic charge, this device of the prior art requires the use of an external sensor. In addition, it uses mainly mechanical means that are likely to wear over time, may cause malfunctions.
Le but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif d'interruption/enclenchement d'un circuit électrique qui est non sensible à l'usure dans le temps et qui fonctionne à l'aide d'une charge pyrotechnique dont l'allumage est commandé directement dans le dispositif.The object of the invention is to propose a device for interrupting / switching on an electrical circuit which is not sensitive to wear over time and which operates using a pyrotechnic charge whose ignition is controlled. directly in the device.
Ce but est atteint par un dispositif d'interruption/enclenchement d'un circuit électrique, comportant :
- une charge pyrotechnique destinée à être initiée en combustion pour entraîner l'interruption, respectivement l'enclenchement, du circuit électrique,
- des moyens d'allumage de la charge pyrotechnique,
- les moyens d'allumage sont connectés au circuit électrique,
- les moyens d'allumage comprennent un micro-interrupteur à actionnement magnétique apte à commander l'allumage de la charge pyrotechnique.
- a pyrotechnic charge intended to be initiated in combustion to cause the interruption or engagement of the electric circuit,
- means for igniting the pyrotechnic charge,
- the ignition means are connected to the electric circuit,
- the ignition means comprise a microswitch with magnetic actuation adapted to control the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge.
Selon une particularité, le micro-interrupteur est placé sur une branche de circuit reliée d'une part au circuit électrique et d'autre part à la terre.According to a particularity, the microswitch is placed on a circuit branch connected on the one hand to the electric circuit and on the other hand to the ground.
Selon une autre particularité, les moyens d'allumage comprennent un élément résistif chauffant monté en série avec le micro-interrupteur et apte à initier en combustion la charge pyrotechnique.According to another particularity, the ignition means comprise a heating resistive element mounted in series with the microswitch and able to initiate combustion of the pyrotechnic charge.
Selon une première variante de réalisation, le micro-interrupteur est commandé par un aimant permanent mobile, par exemple actionnable en translation.According to a first variant embodiment, the microswitch is controlled by a mobile permanent magnet, for example actuatable in translation.
Selon une seconde variante de réalisation, le micro-interrupteur est commandé par une bobine d'excitation.According to a second variant embodiment, the microswitch is controlled by an excitation coil.
Dans une première configuration, la bobine d'excitation est montée en parallèle par rapport au circuit électrique. Le dispositif de l'invention est alors un dispositif d'interruption du circuit électrique dans lequel le circuit électrique comporte deux conducteurs et une pièce de connexion déplaçable sous l'effet des gaz générés par la combustion de la charge pyrotechnique, la pièce de connexion reliant initialement les deux conducteurs.In a first configuration, the excitation coil is connected in parallel with the electric circuit. The device of the invention is then a device for interrupting the electrical circuit in which the electric circuit comprises two conductors and a connecting piece displaceable under the effect of the gases generated by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge, the connection piece connecting initially both drivers.
Dans une seconde configuration, la bobine d'excitation est montée en parallèle par rapport au micro-interrupteur. Dans ce cas elle est commandée par un capteur. Le dispositif de l'invention est alors un dispositif d'enclenchement dans lequel le circuit électrique comporte deux conducteurs et une pièce de connexion déplaçable sous l'effet des gaz générés par la combustion de la charge pyrotechnique. Dans ce dispositif d'enclenchement, la pièce de connexion est initialement déconnectée des deux conducteurs et elle est par exemple solidaire d'un piston séparant une première chambre comportant la charge pyrotechnique d'une deuxième chambre traversée par les deux conducteurs.In a second configuration, the excitation coil is connected in parallel with the microswitch. In this case it is controlled by a sensor. The device of the invention is then an engagement device in which the electrical circuit comprises two conductors and a movable connection piece under the effect of the gases generated by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge. In this interlocking device, the connection piece is initially disconnected from the two conductors and is for example integral with a piston separating a first chamber comprising the pyrotechnic charge of a second chamber through which the two conductors pass.
Selon l'invention, le micro-interrupteur employé comporte par exemple une membrane en matériau ferromagnétique apte à être piloté entre deux positions en s'alignant sur les lignes de champ d'un champ magnétique.According to the invention, the micro-switch employed comprises for example a membrane of ferromagnetic material capable of being controlled between two positions by aligning with the field lines of a magnetic field.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages vont apparaître dans la description détaillée qui suit en se référant à un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple et représenté par les dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- la
figure 1 représente schématiquement un dispositif d'interruption d'un circuit électrique selon l'invention, répondant à une action mécanique externe, - la
figure 2 représente schématiquement un dispositif d'interruption d'un circuit électrique selon l'invention, répondant à une surintensité dans le circuit électrique, - la
figure 3 représente schématiquement un dispositif d'enclenchement d'un circuit électrique selon l'invention, - les
figures 4 à 8 montrent une première variante d'un micro-interrupteur utilisé dans l'invention, - Les
figures 9 à 11 montrent une seconde variante d'un micro-interrupteur employé dans l'invention.
- the
figure 1 schematically represents a device for interrupting an electrical circuit according to the invention, responding to an external mechanical action, - the
figure 2 schematically represents a device for interrupting an electrical circuit according to the invention, responding to an overcurrent in the electrical circuit, - the
figure 3 schematically represents an interlocking device of an electrical circuit according to the invention, - the
Figures 4 to 8 show a first variant of a microswitch used in the invention, - The
Figures 9 to 11 show a second variant of a microswitch used in the invention.
L'invention concerne un dispositif d'interruption ou d'enclenchement d'un circuit électrique principal. Ce circuit électrique principal peut par exemple être réservé à l'alimentation d'une batterie, de transformateurs, de freins d'ascenseurs ou de tous types de circuits nécessitant une interruption ou un enclenchement rapide et fiable.The invention relates to a device for interrupting or interlocking a main electrical circuit. This main electrical circuit can for example be reserved for the supply of a battery, transformers, elevator brakes or all types of circuits requiring a break or a quick and reliable engagement.
Les dispositifs d'interruption représentés en
Dans les dispositifs d'interruption, la pièce de connexion 7 est par exemple calée entre les deux conducteurs 6a, 6b et la paroi inférieure du corps.In the interruption devices, the connecting piece 7 is for example wedged between the two
Une charge pyrotechnique 5, par exemple de type composite, est placée à l'intérieur du corps 1. L'initiation en combustion de cette charge 5 permet de générer des gaz à l'intérieur du corps 1 et de provoquer l'interruption du circuit électrique principal ou l'enclenchement du circuit électrique principal par déplacement de la pièce de connexion 7, 700. Les gaz sont libérés par éclatement du corps 1 suivant le sillon 8 d'amorce de rupture.A
Selon l'invention, les dispositifs d'interruption/enclenchement comportent également un micro-interrupteur M, M' à actionnement magnétique tel que décrit ci-dessous. Ce type de micro-interrupteur est particulièrement avantageux car il est logé dans un boîtier parfaitement hermétique et car il est insensible aux problèmes d'électricité statique pouvant entraîner des mises à feu intempestives de la charge pyrotechnique. Il pourra notamment être fabriqué par une technologie de type MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System).According to the invention, the interruption / engagement devices also comprise a microswitch M, M 'with magnetic actuation as described below. This type of microswitch is particularly advantageous because it is housed in a perfectly hermetic housing and because it is insensitive to static electricity problems that can cause untimely firing of the pyrotechnic charge. It may in particular be manufactured by a MEMS type technology (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System).
Deux variantes de ce type de micro-interrupteur M, M' sont représentées sur les
Dans les deux variantes de réalisation représentées aux
Dans la première variante représentée en
Dans cette première variante, l'actionnement magnétique du micro-interrupteur M consiste à soumettre la membrane 20 à un champ magnétique permanent B0, préférentiellement uniforme et par exemple de direction perpendiculaire à la surface 30 du substrat S pour maintenir la membrane 20 dans chacune de ses positions, et à appliquer un champ magnétique temporaire Bc de commande pour piloter le passage de la membrane 20 d'une position à l'autre, par inversion du couple magnétique s'exerçant sur la membrane 20. Forcer la membrane 20 à l'ouverture en employant un champ magnétique temporaire B0 peut s'avérer nécessaire pour résister aux décharges électrostatiques et pour conférer au micro-interrupteur M une forte isolation galvanique. Cependant, il est possible de se passer de l'application du champ magnétique permanent B0 si la membrane au repos garantit un espace à l'ouverture suffisant. Pour garantir cet espace à l'ouverture suffisant, la membrane 20 peut être précontrainte mécaniquement, par exemple en lui adjoignant une couche réalisée dans un matériau précontraint.In this first variant, the magnetic actuation of the microswitch M consists of subjecting the
Pour générer le champ magnétique permanent B0, on utilise un aimant permanent (non représenté) par exemple fixé sous le substrat S. Le champ magnétique temporaire Bc est par exemple généré à l'aide d'une bobine d'excitation 4 associée au micro-interrupteur M. Cette bobine d'excitation 4 peut être planaire (
Le substrat S supportant la membrane 20 est placé sous l'effet du champ magnétique permanent B0 déjà défini ci-dessus. Comme représenté en
En référence à la
Une fois le basculement de la membrane 20 effectué, l'alimentation en courant de la bobine 4 n'est plus nécessaire. Selon l'invention, le champ magnétique Bc n'est généré que de manière transitoire pour faire basculer la membrane 20 d'une position à l'autre. Comme représenté en
Dans la deuxième variante représentée en
Dans cette deuxième variante de réalisation, l'actionnement magnétique du micro-interrupteur M' est illustré sur les
Le corps des dispositifs renferment donc également des moyens d'allumage de la charge pyrotechnique 5 composés notamment d'un micro-interrupteur M, M' tel que décrit ci-dessus et d'un élément résistif chauffant, tel que par exemple un fil résistif 9, dont l'échauffement destiné à initier en combustion la charge pyrotechnique 5 est commandé par le micro-interrupteur M, M'. Le micro-interrupteur M, M' est placé en série par rapport au fil résistif 9, lui-même relié d'une part à la terre et d'autre part au circuit électrique principal lorsque le micro-interrupteur M, M' est fermé. Le fil résistif 9 est situé à proximité de la charge pyrotechnique 5, préférentiellement en contact avec celle-ci ou enrobé par celle-ci (variante non représentée). En variante, l'initiation en combustion de la charge pyrotechnique 5 peut être réalisé directement par le micro-interrupteur en se passant de l'emploi du fil résistif 9. En effet, à partir d'un certain courant, le micro-interrupteur peut être conçu pour se volatiliser en produisant l'énergie nécessaire à la mise à feu de la charge pyrotechnique 5. Pour cela, le micro-interrupteur comporte par exemple une membrane 20 fusible apte à se volatiliser lorsque le courant commandé est trop fort.The body of the devices therefore also contain means for igniting the
Une première configuration d'un dispositif d'interruption est représentée en
Dans cette première configuration, le dispositif comporte un aimant permanent mobile 10, par exemple en forme de disque ou de tore, monté sur un organe d'actionnement OA mobile sur lequel est exercée l'action mécanique externe, de manière coaxiale par rapport à l'axe (X) du dispositif. Cet organe d'actionnement OA est apte à se déplacer en translation lors de l'application d'une action mécanique externe minimale calibrée par exemple à l'aide d'un mécanisme à soufflet 11, d'une membrane élastique à rupture brusque (non représentée) ou à l'aide d'un aimant fixe en forme de disque ou de tore (non représenté) disposé de manière concentrique par rapport à l'aimant permanent mobile 10. Entraîné par l'organe d'actionnement OA, l'aimant permanent mobile 10 peut donc se translater suivant l'axe (X) du dispositif entre une position de repos et une position de travail.In this first configuration, the device comprises a movable
Dans cette première configuration, le micro-interrupteur M' employé est du type de la seconde variante décrite ci-dessous. Ce micro-interrupteur M' est décalé par rapport à l'axe (X) du dispositif de manière à pouvoir basculer sous l'influence du champ magnétique créé par l'aimant permanent mobile 10.In this first configuration, the microswitch M 'employed is of the type of the second variant described below. This microswitch M 'is offset relative to the axis (X) of the device so as to be able to switch under the influence of the magnetic field created by the moving
Le fonctionnement de cette première configuration du dispositif d'interruption est le suivant :
- Lorsqu'une action mécanique externe d'intensité minimale déterminée est exercée sur l'organe d'actionnement OA, celui-ci se déplace en translation suivant l'axe (X) du dispositif en entraînant l'aimant permanent mobile 10. Dans sa position de repos, l'aimant permanent mobile n'a par exemple aucune influence sur le micro-interrupteur M'. La membrane 20' du micro-interrupteur M' est alors dans une position de repos, parallèle au substrat comme représenté sur la
figure 9 ou relevée comme représenté sur lafigure 10 par précontrainte mécanique interne. Lorsque l'aimant permanent mobile 10 est dans sa position basse de travail, son champ magnétique induit une composante magnétique dans la membrane 20' créant un couple magnétique imposant la position de fermeture au micro-interrupteur M' (figure 11 ).
- When an external mechanical action of determined minimum intensity is exerted on the actuating member OA, the latter moves in translation along the axis (X) of the device by driving the movable
permanent magnet 10. In its position rest, the mobile permanent magnet for example has no influence on the microswitch M '. The membrane 20 'of the microswitch M' is then in a rest position, parallel to the substrate as shown in FIG.figure 9 or raised as shown on thefigure 10 by internal mechanical prestressing. When the movablepermanent magnet 10 is in its low working position, its magnetic field induces a magnetic component in the membrane 20 'creating a magnetic torque imposing the closed position at the microswitch M' (figure 11 ).
La fermeture du micro-interrupteur M' provoque une mise à la terre brusque permettant d'échauffer le fil résistif 9 et de le volatiliser de manière à produire l'énergie nécessaire à l'initiation de la charge pyrotechnique 5.Closing the microswitch M 'causes a sudden grounding to heat the
Les gaz générés par la combustion de la charge pyrotechnique 5 provoquent ensuite l'éclatement du corps 1 suivant son amorce de rupture 8 et simultanément l'éjection de la pièce de connexion 7, de manière à interrompre le circuit électrique principal entre les deux conducteurs 6a, 6b.The gases generated by the combustion of the
Dans la seconde configuration du dispositif d'interruption représentée en
Le micro-interrupteur M employé dans cette configuration est du type de la première variante décrite ci-dessus. Il est donc polarisé par un aimant permanent fixe (non représenté) par exemple solidaire du substrat S et créant le champ magnétique B0 maintenant initialement le micro-interrupteur M en position d'ouverture. Le micro-interrupteur M est décalé par rapport à l'axe de la bobine 40 de manière à être sous l'influence de ses lignes de champ sensiblement horizontales. Lorsque la bobine 40 est activée, le micro-interrupteur M est donc placé sous l'influence prépondérante du champ magnétique temporaire Bc (
Sur la
La bobine d'excitation 40 est montée en parallèle par rapport au circuit électrique principal de manière à être traversé par le courant du circuit électrique principal. Le champ généré par la bobine 40 étant proportionnel au courant qui la traverse, le micro-interrupteur M peut ainsi basculer lorsque le courant dépasse une valeur seuil déterminée fonction de l'appareil à protéger. Lorsque cette valeur seuil est dépassée, le champ magnétique temporaire Bc créé par la bobine d'excitation 40 génère une composante magnétique dans la membrane 20 du micro-interrupteur M, d'intensité suffisante pour lui imposer sa position de fermeture (
Le dispositif d'enclenchement représenté en
La pièce de connexion 700 est montée solidaire d'un piston P séparant l'espace interne du corps 1 en une première chambre 500 contenant la charge pyrotechnique et une seconde chambre 600 traversée par les conducteurs 6a, 6b et contenant la pièce de connexion 700. Le piston P est par exemple retenu par des crans 300 formés sur la face interne du corps 1.The connecting
En fonctionnement, lorsque la bobine 400 est activée, son champ magnétique agit sur le micro-interrupteur M lui imposant sa position de fermeture. La fermeture du micro-interrupteur M entraîne l'échauffement de la charge pyrotechnique 5, et ainsi la génération de gaz. Les gaz créés dans la première chambre 500 poussent le piston P en translation accompagné de la pièce de connexion 700 jusqu'à ce que celle-ci vienne relier les deux conducteurs 6a, 6b. Le dispositif peut par exemple prévoir un mécanisme de soupape 800 pour évacuer les gaz de combustion de la première chambre 500.In operation, when the
Claims (15)
- A device for breaking/making an electric circuit, comprising:- a pyrotechnic charge (5) which can be ignited, the combustion of which brings about the breaking, respectively the making, of the electric circuit,- means of igniting the pyrotechnic charge (5),characterized in that:- the ignition means are connected to the electric circuit,- the ignition means comprise a microswitch (M, M') with magnetic action capable of controlling the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge (5).
- The device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the microswitch (M, M') is placed on a circuit branch linked on the one hand to the electric circuit and on the other hand to the earth.
- The device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the ignition means comprise a heating resistive element (9) mounted in series with the microswitch (M, M') and capable of igniting the pyrotechnic charge (5).
- The device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the microswitch (M') is controlled by a moving permanent magnet (10).
- The device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that the moving permanent magnet (10) can be actuated in translation.
- The device as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the microswitch (M, M') is controlled by an excitation coil (40, 400).
- The device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the excitation coil (40) is mounted in parallel relative to the electric circuit.
- The device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the electric circuit comprises two conductors (6a, 6b) and a connecting piece (7) that can be displaced under the effect of the gases generated by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge.
- The device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the connecting piece (7) initially links the two conductors (6a, 6b).
- The device as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that the excitation coil (400) is mounted in parallel relative to the microswitch.
- The device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that the excitation coil (400) is controlled by a sensor (C).
- The device as claimed in claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the electric circuit comprises two conductors (6a, 6b) and a connecting piece (700) that can be displaced under the effect of the gases generated by the combustion of the pyrotechnic charge (5).
- The device as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the connecting piece (700) is initially disconnected from the two conductors (6a, 6b).
- The device as claimed in claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the connecting piece (700) is joined to a piston (P) separating a first chamber (500) comprising the pyrotechnic charge (5) from a second chamber (600) that is passed through by the two conductors (6a, 6b).
- The device as claimed in one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the microswitch (M, M') comprises a membrane (20, 20') made of ferromagnetic material capable of being driven between two positions and being aligned on the field lines of a magnetic field.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0752763A FR2911719B1 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2007-01-19 | DEVICE FOR INTERRUPTING / INITIATING AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT |
PCT/EP2008/050434 WO2008090065A1 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2008-01-16 | Device for switching on and off an electric circuit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2109871A1 EP2109871A1 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
EP2109871B1 true EP2109871B1 (en) | 2010-10-06 |
Family
ID=38135003
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08707924A Not-in-force EP2109871B1 (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2008-01-16 | Device for switching on and off an electric circuit |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8446241B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2109871B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5133354B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101622684B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE484068T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602008002897D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2352412T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2911719B1 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2410790C1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008090065A1 (en) |
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US8659176B2 (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2014-02-25 | Hanchett Entry Systems, Inc. | Electromagnetic energy harvester and a door latch release mechanism as an energy source for the harvester |
US20130043111A1 (en) * | 2011-08-15 | 2013-02-21 | Honeywell International Inc. | Circuit breaker position sensing and health monitoring system |
US9543745B2 (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2017-01-10 | Cooper Technologies Company | Arrester bypass devices |
DE102014115396A1 (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2014-12-18 | Peter Lell | Disconnector for high DC or AC currents at high voltages |
DE102015201371A1 (en) | 2015-01-27 | 2016-07-28 | Leoni Bordnetz-Systeme Gmbh | Pyrotechnic fuse element |
RU2589035C1 (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2016-07-10 | Российская Федерация, от имени которой выступает Государственная корпорация по атомной энергии "Росатом" | Device for making high-current electric circuits |
US10566160B2 (en) | 2015-05-18 | 2020-02-18 | Gigavac, Llc | Passive triggering mechanisms for use with switching devices incorporating pyrotechnic features |
US11239038B2 (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2022-02-01 | Gigavac, Llc | Mechanical fuse device |
DE102016204287A1 (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2017-09-21 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | DC OVERCURRENT PROTECTION DEVICE |
KR102237377B1 (en) * | 2016-08-12 | 2021-04-06 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | Electrical connector |
FR3060834B1 (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2019-05-24 | Airbus Safran Launchers Sas | PYROTECHNIC SHORT CIRCUIT |
JP7441605B2 (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2024-03-01 | ギガバック リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | Contactor device with integrated pyrotechnic cutting function |
TWI627651B (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-06-21 | Nat Chung Shan Inst Science & Tech | Ripple type pressure switch |
US11276535B2 (en) * | 2018-08-28 | 2022-03-15 | Gigavac, Llc | Passive triggering mechanisms for use with switching devices incorporating pyrotechnic features |
DE102019122961A1 (en) * | 2018-08-27 | 2020-02-27 | Gigavac, Llc | Passive trigger mechanisms for use with switching devices that contain pyrotechnic features |
GB2577347A (en) * | 2018-09-24 | 2020-03-25 | Eaton Intelligent Power Ltd | Switch with pyrotechnic actuator |
DE102019126192B3 (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-02-25 | Ruag Ammotec Gmbh | Method and system for providing a predetermined pyrotechnic energy delivery |
US11443910B2 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2022-09-13 | Gigavac, Llc | Contact levitation triggering mechanisms for use with switching devices incorporating pyrotechnic features |
WO2023071713A1 (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-05-04 | 西安中熔电气股份有限公司 | Excitation protection apparatus with single excitation source acting step by step |
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US4342978A (en) * | 1979-03-19 | 1982-08-03 | S&C Electric Company | Explosively-actuated switch and current limiting, high voltage fuse using same |
US4479105A (en) * | 1983-03-08 | 1984-10-23 | G & W Electric Company | Pyrotechnic current interrupter |
JPH0356994Y2 (en) * | 1987-04-17 | 1991-12-25 | ||
DE4406730A1 (en) * | 1994-03-02 | 1995-09-14 | Bayern Chemie Gmbh Flugchemie | Emergency current supply interruption device in motor vehicle |
JPH09251829A (en) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-09-22 | Fujitsu Takamizawa Component Kk | Shock sensor |
US5732634A (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1998-03-31 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Thin film bridge initiators and method of manufacture |
US6107581A (en) * | 1998-02-17 | 2000-08-22 | Harness System Technologies Research, Ltd. | Circuit breaking device |
JP2000251599A (en) * | 1999-03-03 | 2000-09-14 | Yazaki Corp | Power supply breaker |
JP2001068000A (en) * | 1999-08-27 | 2001-03-16 | Yazaki Corp | Circuit breaker |
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JP2001135217A (en) * | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-18 | Yazaki Corp | Circuit breaker and wire harness unit using the same |
FR2836907B1 (en) * | 2002-03-11 | 2005-03-18 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | MICROVANNE WITH PYROTECHNIC ACTUATION |
DE102004062266A1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2006-07-13 | Siemens Ag | Method and device for safe operation of a switching device |
FR2880729B1 (en) * | 2005-01-10 | 2009-02-27 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | MICROSYSTEM WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTROL |
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-
2007
- 2007-01-19 FR FR0752763A patent/FR2911719B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-01-16 CN CN2008800060664A patent/CN101622684B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-16 ES ES08707924T patent/ES2352412T3/en active Active
- 2008-01-16 RU RU2009131448/07A patent/RU2410790C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-01-16 AT AT08707924T patent/ATE484068T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-01-16 WO PCT/EP2008/050434 patent/WO2008090065A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-01-16 US US12/523,668 patent/US8446241B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-16 JP JP2009545914A patent/JP5133354B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-01-16 DE DE602008002897T patent/DE602008002897D1/en active Active
- 2008-01-16 EP EP08707924A patent/EP2109871B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2008090065A1 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
FR2911719A1 (en) | 2008-07-25 |
RU2410790C1 (en) | 2011-01-27 |
JP5133354B2 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
EP2109871A1 (en) | 2009-10-21 |
US20100089739A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
ES2352412T3 (en) | 2011-02-18 |
DE602008002897D1 (en) | 2010-11-18 |
US8446241B2 (en) | 2013-05-21 |
CN101622684B (en) | 2012-04-04 |
CN101622684A (en) | 2010-01-06 |
FR2911719B1 (en) | 2009-02-27 |
JP2010517212A (en) | 2010-05-20 |
ATE484068T1 (en) | 2010-10-15 |
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