RU2589035C1 - Device for making high-current electric circuits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: device for closing high-current electric circuits includes hollow cylindrical housing and installed in it fixed, installed with a gap relative to each other, contact elements, charge of pyrotechnic devices (PTC) and means for its ignition, generating a thermocompression pulse. Device has fixed contact elements, which are aligned and have contact platforms made in form of compacted parts from metal rubber based on copper wire, characterised by porosity of 40-60 vol%. PTC made of a mechanical mixture of powdered copper, titanium and copper oxide, with total content of copper of not less than 70 wt%, is installed in a zone adjoining to contact platforms of contact elements and contacts with electric igniter as a means of ignition of pyrotechnical charge, combustion products of which represent molten copper and titanium, non-contact elements are connected to electrodes of terminals of external electrical circuit, first of which is made in form of a rod as a whole with round flat head and second of which is a hollow cylindrical body with two chambers of larger and smaller diameters, communicated via through hole in base of chamber with smaller diameter. In chamber cavity of smaller diameter there is an electric igniter, from outside to be activated from a source of electric pulse. PTC is pressed in chamber cavity of larger diameter.

EFFECT: simple device for closing high-current electric circuits with high reliability during its operation.

1 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to devices for switching power electrical circuits, and can be used in the manufacture of pyrotechnic contact devices.

A known switching pyrotechnic device (RF patent No. 2364827, IPC F42C 11/00, published on 08/20/2009) containing a pyrotechnic drive mounted in a cylindrical housing a stationary insulator with two pairs of fixed contact elements made in the form of pins, one of which interconnected by a destructible wire, which is installed perpendicular to the direction of motion of the movable insulator, equipped on one of the ends from the side of the pyrotechnic drive with reciprocal movable contact elements made with the possibility of elastic setting after entering the pins of the first pair of fixed contacts when the pyrotechnic drive is triggered.

It is known as a prototype of the inventive device of the connector with a high density of placement (RF patent No. 2410790, IPC Н01Н 39/00, publ. 01/27/2011), containing a hollow cylindrical body and fixed in it, installed with a gap relative to each other, contact elements, pyrotechnic meltable element, means of ignition.

The disadvantages of analogues include a relatively high complexity and, as a consequence of this, insufficiently high reliability.

The task of the authors of the invention is to develop a simple and reliable device for closing high-current electrical circuits.

A new technical result provided by using the proposed device is to simplify, providing increased reliability when it is triggered.

The specified task and the new technical result provided by the proposed device for closing high-current electrical circuits are provided by the fact that, in contrast to the known device containing a hollow cylindrical body and fixed in it, mounted with a gap relative to each other, contact elements, pyrotechnic charge, means ignition of the pyrotechnic charge, generating a thermocompression pulse, according to the invention, the fixed contact elements are mounted coaxially and have to contact pads made in the form of compacted parts made of metal rubber based on copper wire, characterized by a porosity of 40-60 volume. %, a pyrotechnic charge based on a pyrotechnic composition (PTS) made of a mechanical mixture of powdered copper, titanium and copper oxide, with a total copper content of at least 70 wt%, is installed in the area adjacent to the contact pads of the contact elements and is in contact with the electric igniter in as a means of igniting a pyrotechnic charge, the combustion products of which are molten copper and non-conductive titanium compounds, the contact elements are connected by terminals to electrodes of an external electric chain, the first of which is made in the form of a rod in one piece with a round flat hat, and the second is a hollow cylindrical body having two chambers of larger and smaller diameters, communicating with each other through a through hole in the base of the chamber, characterized by a smaller diameter, in the cavity a smaller diameter chamber is equipped with an electric igniter, which is used externally from the source of an electric impulse; a PTS charge is installed in the cavity of a larger diameter chamber.

The proposed device is illustrated as follows.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the proposed device for closing high-current electrical circuits, where 1 is a cylindrical body; 2, 3 - contact pads made of metal rubber; 4 - vehicle charge; 5 - contact element of the device; 6 - electric igniter; 7 - air gap between the first and second contact elements; 8 - a dielectric strip separating the first and second contact elements; 9 - an insulator; 10 - second contact element; 11 - connected elements of an external electrical circuit.

The proposed device for closing high-current electrical circuits is designed for automatic switching of electrical circuits by a signal supplied from outside, including from a remotely remote pulse source of various kinds (for example, an electrical pulse supplied from a battery). The proposed device comprises fixedly mounted in a cylindrical housing 1, the first (5) and second (10) contact elements of the closure device, mounted coaxially and having contact pads 2, 3. The first contact element 5 is made in the form of a rod in one piece with a round flat hat. The second contact element 10 is a hollow cylindrical body having two chambers of larger and smaller diameters, communicating with each other through a through hole in the base of the chamber, characterized by a smaller diameter. An electric igniter 6 is placed in the cavity of the smaller diameter chamber, which is activated externally from the source of the electric pulse. In the cavity of the chamber of larger diameter, a charge of PTS 4 is installed. The charge of PTS 4 is a monolithic part based on a compressed PTS, which is adjacent on one side to the contact pad 2, and on the opposite side to the base of the chamber, characterized by a smaller diameter. The proposed device provides a simpler scheme for direct activation of the PTS 4 charge from an electric igniter 6, whereas in the prototype this function is performed by a system with a magnetic microswitch, which significantly complicates the design of the contactor as a whole.

The contact pads of the first 5 and second 10 contact elements are made in the form of compact flat parts made of metal rubber based on copper wire, characterized by a porosity of 40-60 volume. % In this case, the contact pad 3 is placed on the flat hat of the first contact element 5, and the contact pad 2 is removable and placed at the base of the second contact element 10 facing the surface of the flat hat of the first contact element 5. Between the contact pads 2 and 3 of the contact elements 2 and 3 an air gap 7 is made, in which an annular dielectric gasket 8 is placed, made for example of mica. The contact elements 5 and 10 are isolated from the walls of the cylindrical body 1 by an insulator 9. The charge PTS 4 is made of a mixture of powdered copper, titanium and copper oxide. The PTS charge is installed in a chamber with a large diameter adjacent to the contact pad 2 of the contact element 10. As a means of igniting the PTS, an electric igniter is installed in the contact element 10. The products of the combustion of the PTS charge are molten copper and non-conductive titanium compounds. The first (5) and second (10) contact elements are connected via terminals to the elements 11 of the external electrical circuit.

The proposed device for closing high-current electrical circuits works as follows.

At the initial time, the external electrical circuit of the proposed device is open, because contact elements 5 and 10 are separated by an air gap 7.

When an electric pulse is supplied from an external current source to an electric igniter 6, the PTS 4 charge material is generated, which generates a thermocompression pulse. As a result of combustion of PTS, which is a mixture of powdered copper, titanium (fuel) and copper oxide, combustion products are formed, which are molten copper and non-conductive titanium compounds. The electrical conductivity of the resulting products is high enough, which is critical to ensure reliable switching. The implementation of the contact pads 2 and 3 in the form of compacted parts made of metal rubber based on copper wire, characterized by a porosity of 40-60 volume. %, provides at high temperatures that developed during the combustion of the PTS, the ability to fill with molten copper from the products of the PTS combustion at the pads 2, 3, air gap 7 and provides the closure of the elements 11 of the external electrical circuit. It was experimentally shown that the combustion products of PTS, interacting with the proposed materials of the contact pads, characterized by the declared value of porosity, ensure reliable operation of the proposed device, while the achieved circuit closure time was ≈ 0.1 sec in the temperature range of ± 50 ° C.

In all experiments, the reproducibility of the claimed technical result was 99.9%. The readings of electrical appliances in the external electrical circuit always recorded the occurrence of a given amount of current in the circuit.

Thus, as confirmed by experimental studies, when using the proposed device for closing high-current electric circuits, a higher technical result is achieved as compared to the prototype, which consists in simplifying the device and providing increased reliability during its operation.

The possibility of industrial implementation of the proposed device is confirmed by the following example of a specific implementation.

Example 1. In laboratory conditions, the claimed device was tested on the model of the pyrotechnic contactor shown in FIG. one.

Contact elements 5 and 10 for closing elements 11 of the external electric circuit are made of copper grade M0k according to GOST 859-2001.

Contact pads 2 and 3 are made of metal rubber based on copper wire MM-0200 according to TU 16-705.492-2005, ⌀ = 0.2 mm.

The PTS charge is made of a mechanical mixture of powder materials of the following composition,% mass .:

- 41.7 CuO of the "chda" grade (TU 6-09-4126-88);

- 13.9 Ti grade "B" (TU 1715-036-07623615-2004);

- 44.4 Cu brand "PM" (GOST 4960-75).

PTS was obtained by mixing the components in a small ball mixer.

The contactor was activated by a direct current pulse with an amplitude of 5A and a duration of 10 ms. A lead battery (V = 12 V, ε = 60 A · h, inrush current of 480 A) was used as a current source. The contactor response parameters were recorded using a TDS 3014 V digital storage oscilloscope.

The results of the control measurements are summarized in table 1.

As experiments showed, when using the proposed device for closing high-current electric circuits, a technical result was achieved, which consists in simplifying the device and providing increased reliability during its operation.

Claims (1)

A device for closing high-current electrical circuits, including a hollow cylindrical body and fixed in it, mounted with a gap relative to each other, contact elements, pyrotechnic charge, means of ignition of the pyrotechnic charge, generating a thermocompression pulse, characterized in that the fixed contact elements are mounted coaxially and have contact pads made in the form of compacted parts made of metal rubber based on copper wire, characterized by porosity 40-60 vol. %, PTS charge made of a mechanical mixture of powdered copper, titanium and copper oxide, with a total copper content of at least 70% by mass, is installed in the area adjacent to the contact pads of the contact elements and is in contact with an electric igniter as a means of igniting the pyrotechnic charge, products the combustion of which is molten copper and non-conductive titanium compounds, the contact elements are connected by terminals to the electrodes of the external electrical circuit, the first of which is made in the form of a rod for the bottom is whole with a round flat hat, and the second is a hollow cylindrical body having two chambers of larger and smaller diameters communicating with each other through a through hole in the base of the chamber, which is characterized by a smaller diameter, an electric igniter is placed in the cavity of the chamber of a smaller diameter, operated from the outside from an electric source pulse, in the chamber cavity of a larger diameter, a charge of the TCP is established.

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