EP2109347A1 - Dispositif électrique de chauffage destiné à chauffer, en particulier un véhicule automobile - Google Patents

Dispositif électrique de chauffage destiné à chauffer, en particulier un véhicule automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2109347A1
EP2109347A1 EP08290355A EP08290355A EP2109347A1 EP 2109347 A1 EP2109347 A1 EP 2109347A1 EP 08290355 A EP08290355 A EP 08290355A EP 08290355 A EP08290355 A EP 08290355A EP 2109347 A1 EP2109347 A1 EP 2109347A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
heating device
electrical
layer
plastic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08290355A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2109347B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Kohl
Juergen Otto
Erwan Gogmos
Dieter Gross
Ingo Frank
Manfred Brandstetter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS
Original Assignee
Behr GmbH and Co KG
Behr France Rouffach SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Behr GmbH and Co KG, Behr France Rouffach SAS filed Critical Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP08290355.0A priority Critical patent/EP2109347B1/fr
Publication of EP2109347A1 publication Critical patent/EP2109347A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2109347B1 publication Critical patent/EP2109347B1/fr
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/146—Conductive polymers, e.g. polyethylene, thermoplastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical device for heating, in particular of a motor vehicle, with an electric heating device, with an electrical contact device and with a contact coating, which is arranged in a contact region between the electric heating device and the electrical contact device.
  • Such electric heaters are used more consistently in motor vehicles to support, for example, a regular main heating a passenger compartment of a motor vehicle, if they can not win a sufficient heat such as from a coolant circuit of an internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle. This may be the case in particular in a starting phase of the internal combustion engine. Even at very low outside temperatures can by means of such an electrical Heating device can be advantageously provided an additional heating power.
  • An electric heater with respect to a ventilation air for a passenger compartment proves to be the most sensible of these options, since suitable electrically operated heaters, such as PTC elements, also directly in one of the passenger compartment supplied ventilation air flow can be arranged so that the ventilation air immediately warm well and noticeably.
  • Such PTC elements often consist of a ceramic and are already well known in the art.
  • the resistance of the PTC ceramic element increases very sharply with increasing temperature.
  • a very uniform surface temperature at the PTC ceramic element can advantageously be set independently of further boundary conditions, such as, for example, an applied voltage, a nominal resistance of the amount of ventilation air supplied to the PTC ceramic element.
  • an electrical fuse is not required because the PTC ceramic element can self-regulate by its own behavior as a PTC thermistor. Specifically, as the temperature increases, the electrical resistance in the PTC ceramic increases proportionally, allowing less electrical energy to flow through the PTC ceramic, thereby allowing less heat to develop within the PTC ceramic.
  • PTC ceramic elements which can be used this year as electrical heaters, are relatively expensive and thus contribute significantly to high production costs of an electric Zublovorraum.
  • one is relatively limited in the shaping or in the selection of the achievable geometry of the PTC ceramic elements.
  • have standardized PTC ceramic elements Dimensions ranging from 6 mm to 15 mm wide x 20 mm to 40 mm deep with a thickness of 0.8 mm to 2 mm.
  • the structural design of electric Zublovoriquesen based on such PTC ceramic elements is almost always very similar.
  • the PTC ceramic elements can each be contacted from both sides with a contact plate, such as aluminum, in order to be able to improve electrical contact with the respective PTC ceramic element.
  • a contact plate such as aluminum
  • On a side facing away from a first PTC ceramic element side of a contact plate beyond a corrugated fin can be arranged, which can be followed by another contact plate of another PTC ceramic element.
  • a corrugated fin with or without reinforcement can be provided as a heat transfer network, by means of which a heat transfer from the PTC ceramic element to the ambient air or to a ventilation air can be facilitated.
  • Components of such a constructed electric Zuitzvorraum can be clamped together either by means of a spring or by means of several springs or glued together by means of suitable adhesive connections.
  • the entire heat exchanger network consists of individual PTC ceramic elements having a plurality of holes or recesses through which a ventilation air to be heated can flow directly through.
  • Dimensions of such PTC ceramic elements can also be about 40 mm to 100 mm wide x 30 mm to 80 mm deep with a thickness of 8 mm to 20 mm.
  • these rather large PTC ceramic elements are even more costly than the aforementioned smaller PTC ceramic elements. In addition, they are much heavier, making the electric heater is difficult to build.
  • the object of the invention is an electrical device for heating, in particular a motor vehicle, with an electric heating device, with an electrical contact device and with a contact layer which is arranged in a contact region between the electric heater and the electrical contact device, wherein the electric heater is characterized in that means for compensating for mechanical stresses in the contact region of the electric heater and the electrical Contact device are arranged.
  • the means for compensating for mechanical stresses hereinafter also referred to as compensating means, in the contact area, reduce the risk that mutually electrically connected components of the electric heating device lose their mutual contact properties owing to constant temperature changes, thereby leading to a critical deterioration of the electrical contact can come between the electrical contact device and in particular the contact layer of the electric heater.
  • the contact layer of the electric heater can be solved.
  • the electric heater is exposed to very high temperature fluctuations.
  • the temperature range of use of the present electric heater may be in the range of -40 ° C to 80 ° C without the electric heater itself being activated.
  • the operating temperatures can easily reach 120 ° C. This can cause temperature differences of up to 160 ° C. For example, this can be done when the electric heater is turned on at -40 ° C outside temperature, but still no ventilation air for cooling the electric heater is passed through the electric heater through. Due to different coefficients of thermal expansion of the individual components of the electric heating device, critical stresses can quickly occur at the contact points or joints of the components For example, it may come to the above-mentioned separation phenomena on the contact layer.
  • Such electrical heaters are used successfully especially when a regular heating device of a motor vehicle can not be heated sufficiently well by a coolant circuit of an internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle.
  • the present electric heater can advantageously heat a ventilation air supplied to the passenger compartment, so that the passenger compartment can already be heated shortly after the start of the internal combustion engine, for example.
  • the electric heater is often used only as zuholicvoriques on a motor vehicle and can therefore also be referred to as an electric heater.
  • the electric heater By means of the term “electric heater” are described in the sense of the present invention, any devices that can heat when passing through electricity such that they can heat a ventilation air for heating a passenger compartment.
  • the electric heater is designed here as a PTC thermistor component of the electric heater.
  • an "electrical contact device” means any device by means of which electricity can be supplied to an electrical heating device.
  • contact layer in this context refers to any structures by means of which an electrical contact between an electrical heating device and an electrical contact device can be designed particularly well.
  • a contact layer is expressly advantageous in electrical heating devices made of plastic, since the contact layer can reduce a contact resistance to the plastic, whereby a particularly high power density can be achieved.
  • substantially more adhesives can also be used on the electrical heating device. This is partly due to the fact that in connection with a plastic body as an electric heater only special adhesives can be used.
  • the contact layer comprises tin, silver and / or gold.
  • a metal layer is preferably used with respect to the contact layer, which has a particularly good electrical conductivity, as it can be used in conventional electrical connectors.
  • the contact area are ideally all contact points between an electrical contact device and an electrical heating device, in particular a contact layer provided there, detected, the one Allow passage of electricity from about the electrical contact device to the electric heater.
  • the compensating means according to the invention can be of various shapes, for example by mechanical spring elements in the contact region between the electrical heating device and the electrical contact device in order to be able to compensate for critical mechanical stresses which, for example, can not be compensated for by the components concerned alone.
  • the compensating means can be provided in a structurally particularly simple and very effective manner if the compensating means provide at least one further layer of material in the contact region of the electrical heating device and of the electrical contact device.
  • the compensating means in the form of a further material layer could ideally be realized directly with the application of the above-described contact layer to the electric heating device.
  • the electric heater is made of a plastic.
  • Made of plastic electrical heaters are almost unlimited in their design and with known manufacturing processes, such as by injection molding, very inexpensive to produce. This makes it easily possible to make the entire electric heater so compact that they not only centrally in a motor vehicle heating, for example in an air conditioner of a motor vehicle, but also decentralized, for example, in or before discharge openings of the vehicle heating, can be attached.
  • a plastic body forms the electric heating device such that the plastic body is the only heat-generating electric heating device. If the plastic body, as explained in the description of the figure, also shaped as a plastic rib body, it can essentially also form the only heat-emitting surface of the electric heater.
  • a particularly compact and easy-to-build design of the electric heating device can be realized if, in particular, the electrical contact device is bonded to the contact layer of the electric heating device.
  • the electrical contactor can conduct electricity particularly well when made of an aluminum or alloy thereof or a copper alloy. It is indisputable that an electrical contact device, such as a copper alloy, an electric heater made of a plastic body and an adhesive for connecting the two components of the electric heater at a temperature increase can vary greatly and at different rates. This can cause damage to the heater, which can significantly interfere with the electrical contact between the components.
  • the at least one further material layer can have a variety of functional properties.
  • any material layers can be used that in the sense of the explained compensating means compensate for critical stresses in the contact area.
  • the compensation means are formed by a bonding agent, which is arranged between the contact layer and the electric heater.
  • connection between a plastic body and a contact layer can thus be significantly enhanced if, in addition, a bonding agent is used by means of which the contact between the plastic body and the contact layer can be considerably intensified. In this way, in particular the risk can be reduced that the contact layer of the plastic body dissolves even with strong temperature fluctuations.
  • the primer may comprise chromium.
  • the adhesion promoter can hereby be applied as a thin adhesive layer to the plastic body of an electrical heating device, wherein the adhesive layer preferably consists of chromium, since on the one hand chromium is very reactive and on the other hand it can increase the adhesive strength of the contact layer.
  • the adhesive layer preferably consists of chromium, since on the one hand chromium is very reactive and on the other hand it can increase the adhesive strength of the contact layer.
  • the PVD process is used in vacuum for coating the plastic body. In this way, a particularly intimate connection between the bonding agent and the electric heater can be ensured from a plastic body.
  • the adhesion promoter has a bonding agent thickness between 5 nm and 500 nm, preferably between 20 nm and 150 nm.
  • An adhesion promoter thickness between 20 nm and 150 nm already causes a significant reduction in the risk that the contact layer suffers due to critical stresses in a contact area a defect.
  • the plastic body In order to achieve a particularly good adhesion of the adhesion promoter on a plastic body of the electric heater, the plastic body should be pre-cleaned, for example, with acetone, and ideally be subjected to a plasma cleaning in the vacuum chamber before a coating process. It makes sense for the layer structure to be carried out successively in a coating process.
  • the plastic body can be subjected to a galvanization, for example when a contact layer is applied.
  • Another highly advantageous embodiment provides that means for reducing tensile stress in the contact region of the electric heater and the electrical contact device, in particular on a heater side adhesion promoter, are provided.
  • the contact layer in the contact region of an electrical heating device and an electrical contact device can have a very high tensile stress when the electrical heating device and the electrical contact device expand differently and / or rapidly due to temperature fluctuations.
  • the fatigue strength of all components of the electric heating device can be further improved.
  • the reducing agents are formed by an intermediate layer, which is arranged between the contact layer and a bonding agent.
  • a three-layer contact coating is created in the contact region, by means of which advantageously a critical stress of the contact layer present there can be avoided particularly well.
  • the intermediate layer comprises copper.
  • the intermediate layer can distribute forces occurring within the contact coating very well, which in particular can reduce the tensile stress between the bonding agent and the electric heater or a plastic body of the electric heater.
  • the material copper is used as an intermediate layer, a relatively soft material.
  • the intermediate layer can be formed almost arbitrarily strong. However, it has been found that the intermediate layer can have a particularly good effect on an adhesive bond if the intermediate layer has an intermediate layer thickness of between 0.5 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m.
  • the intermediate layer may optionally be dispensed with, so that the contact coating can only have the previously described two-layered layer structure.
  • a particularly intimate and reliable connection of the components of the electrical heating device in a contact region can already be created if the contact layer and the heating device side are arranged an adhesion promoter on the contact side and if an intermediate layer is arranged between the contact layer and the adhesion promoter.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment provides a contact coating with a layer structure of contact layer, intermediate layer and adhesion promoter.
  • the contact coating has a total layer thickness between 0.2 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m, preferably between 2 ⁇ m and 10 ⁇ m.
  • Such a designed overall layer thickness shows in particular a very good abrasion resistance and beyond a particularly good dielectric strength with respect to micro-arcs in the contact region of the electric heater. It is understood that the total layer thickness of the contact coating can be selected higher. However, this results in no significant advantages in terms of improved abrasion resistance or improved dielectric strength in micro-arcs in the contact area of the electric heater. In addition, higher total layer thicknesses lead to higher costs with no or only negligible low Mehmutzen.
  • the term "contact coating” in the sense of the present invention is characterized in that the contact coating comprises at least two layers of material.
  • the contact coating differs from a conventionally used contact layer, which consists only of one material layer, albeit possibly in multiple layers. Decisive for a permanently good contact coating is also the choice of the materials used, the different material layers of the Contact coating advantageously designed to.
  • the present contact coating is constructed in three layers, so that it can compensate especially well for movement in particular between components of the electric heating device glued together.
  • the present contact coating is preferably a metallization, in particular a plastic surface, in which all material layers of the contact coating have good electrically conductive properties.
  • the contact layer may also be referred to as the top or cover layer, to which, for example, an electrical contact device of the electrical heating device is glued. If the contact layer in this case has a contact layer thickness of between 0.5 ⁇ m and 15 ⁇ m, preferably between 1 ⁇ m and 5 ⁇ m, the contact layer is already sufficiently strong to be able to permanently ensure stable and good electrical contact.
  • the electrical heating device comprises a PTC thermistor whose electrical resistance increases with increasing temperature, so that the electrical heating device essentially provides a constant heating power.
  • the electric heater can be designed differently. If the electrical heating device, as already indicated above, has a plastic ribbed body, it can be made particularly compact be because the plastic rib body can be flowed through directly by a ventilation air, the ventilation air can heat very well.
  • the electric heating device may also have a plastic plate body, which does not flow through due to its plate body of a ventilation air to be heated but can only be flowed around.
  • a plastic plate body which does not flow through due to its plate body of a ventilation air to be heated but can only be flowed around.
  • the electric heating device has corrugated fins which can additionally be flowed through or flowed through by the ventilation air to be heated. As a result, the heat energy output of the electric heater to the ventilation air is significantly improved.
  • corrugated fins can be made versatile.
  • a particularly compact construction obtains the electric heater, when the electrical contact means comprises a corrugated fin of the electric heater.
  • electricity can be supplied to the electric heating device by means of a corrugated fin attached to the electric heating device.
  • a particularly strong connection between the corrugated fin and the electrical heating device can be produced if the corrugated fin is arranged directly on the contact layer or on the contact coating of the electrical heating device.
  • the corrugated rib rests as an electrical contact device directly on the contact layer or on the contact coating of the electric heater, so that substantially no further structure between the corrugated fin and the contact layer or the contact coating is arranged. As a result, the electricity from the corrugated fin can be conducted directly into the contact layer or into the contact coating.
  • a preferred embodiment in this context provides that the corrugated fin is fixed to the contact layer or to the contact coating by means of an electrical insulator, in particular an electrically insulating adhesive.
  • an electrical insulator in particular an electrically insulating adhesive.
  • the electrically insulating adhesive is naturally not between the corrugated fin and the contact layer or the contact coating.
  • corrugated fin is arranged indirectly on the contact layer or on the contact coating of the electrical heating device.
  • the term "indirectly” here describes a connection between the corrugated rib as electrical contact device and the contact layer or the contact coating, in which between the corrugated fin and the contact layer or the contact coating another structure is arranged, so that an electrical contact substantially only over this further Structure between the corrugated fin and the contact layer or the contact coating can come about.
  • the corrugated fin is fastened to the contact layer or to a contact coating by means of an electrically conductive adhesive, the corrugated fin can be attached to the contact layer or to the contact coating in a particularly simple manner.
  • the electrically conductive adhesive can also advantageously particularly large contact areas in the contact area between the electrical Contact device and the electric heater can be ensured.
  • an adhesive used in connection with the present invention also has an at least elastic basic behavior even after curing, so that the adhesive used can also withstand different expansion work with regard to an electrical heating device, an electrical contact device and a contact coating.
  • the components of the electrical heating device in particular the electrical contact device with the electric heater, can also be clamped together mechanically.
  • the adhesive correspondingly suitable clamping means must be used, by means of which the components of the electric heater can be permanently clamped together.
  • the in the FIG. 1 shown electric heater 1 is provided for installation in an air conditioner of a motor vehicle, not shown here.
  • the electric heater 1 comprises a total of four electric heaters 2 (numbered here only by way of example), which are each formed as a plastic rib body 3.
  • the plastic rib bodies 3 are produced by means of a plastic injection molding process. But they can also be extruded, sintered or made by another suitable method.
  • each of the electric heaters 2 is provided with a first electrical contact means 7 and a second electrical contact means 8, wherein each of the electrical contact means 7 and 8 a electrical connection 9 (numbered here only by way of example).
  • a contact coating 11 (described in more detail below) is provided (see in particular FIG. 4 ) intended.
  • the electrical heating device 1 in the respective contact report 10 advantageously has means 12 for compensating for mechanical stresses (see in particular FIG. 4 ), so that even electric heaters 2 and electrical contact means 7, 8 with strong Deviating expansion coefficients can be reliably and permanently connected to each other. As a result, the fatigue strength of the electric heater 1 is substantially increased.
  • a ventilation air 13 By means of the plastic rib body 3, a ventilation air 13, by means of which a passenger compartment of the motor vehicle to be heated, are structurally particularly easy to be heated.
  • the electric heater 1 can advantageously be constructed modularly, if a plastic rib body 3 and one or two electrical contact means 7, 8 are glued together to form a heating module 14 and thus made available compact. For example, 2 to 8 such modules 14 are glued together.
  • the individual heating modules 14 can in this case be controlled jointly or separately via the electrical connection.
  • the electric heaters 2 are not formed as a plastic rib body 3, but as a plastic plate body 15 (numbered here for clarity only exemplified).
  • the plastic plate body 15 is in each case equipped on both sides with a contact coating 11 (numbered here only by way of example). Since the plastic plate body 15 as an electric heater 2 per se has no rib contour over which heat energy of the electric heater 2 can be advantageously delivered to ventilation air 13, a corrugated fin 16 is attached to each of the electric heaters 2 and to their contact coatings 11, respectively the heat energy of the electric heaters 2 can be transmitted to the corrugated fins 16.
  • the ventilation air 13 can flow through these corrugated fins 16, whereby the generated by the electric heaters 2 Heat energy then by means of corrugated fins 16 to the ventilation air 13 over a large area and therefore can be given advantageous.
  • An exceptionally good thermal conductivity of the corrugated fins 16 can be ensured here if they are made of aluminum.
  • the corrugated fins 16 are each glued to the contact coating 11 of the electric heaters 2, so that the corrugated fins 16 with the electric heater 2 and the respective contact coating 11 can be advantageous and structurally simple in contact.
  • the supply of electricity of the electric heaters 2 is ensured by means of electrical contact means 7 and 8, wherein the electricity from the contact means 7 and 8 via the corrugated fins 16 in the respective plastic plate body 15 can be initiated.
  • the electrical connection of the electrical contact devices 7 and 8 can be made via an electrical connection 9.
  • the electrical contact means 7 and 8 are also designed in this embodiment as a flat contact sheets.
  • a heating module 14 preferably consists of a plastic plate body 15, two corrugated fins 16 and a first contact device 7 and a second contact device 8, wherein here, too, each of the heating modules 14 is individually controllable.
  • the electrical heaters 2 explained in the present case are cold conduction bodies which are made of plastic.
  • the electric heating devices 1, 101 can be produced substantially more cost-effectively and, moreover, can be made more diverse, for example directly as a plastic ribbed body 3.
  • a negative terminal 22 and a positive terminal 23 are shown schematically.
  • the total resistance 20 results from a first surface resistance 24, a first contact resistance 25, a contact resistance 26, a second contact resistance 27 and a second surface resistance 28.
  • the surface resistances 24 and 28 depend essentially on the quality of the connection between the electrical contact device 7 or 8 and the contact coating 11.
  • the contact resistances 25 and 27 result essentially from the structure of the contact coating 11.
  • the volume resistance 26 depends essentially on the material from which the electrical heating device 2 is made. Also, the selected thickness 29 of the electric heater 2 plays an essential role in the passage resistance 26.
  • an electrical heating device 2 in the form of a plastic plate body 15 provided on both sides with a contact coating 11, a preferred layer structure 31 of the contact coating 11 is shown.
  • the layer structure 31 consists in this embodiment of a first layer 32, a second layer 33 and a third layer 34.
  • the first layer 32 forms a contact layer 35 of the contact coating 11, by means of which the electric heater 2 with an electrical contact means 7, 8 in Can contact.
  • the second layer 33 forms in this embodiment, an intermediate layer 36, by means of which the contact layer 35 in the present case can be connected to the third layer 34 of the contact coating 11.
  • the third layer 34 is formed by a bonding agent 37, by means of which the contact coating 11 can enter into a particularly intimate connection with the electrical heating device 2.
  • the adhesion promoter 37 provides a further material layer 38 in a contact region 10 (see in particular FIG.) Between the electrical heating device 2 and one of the electrical contact devices 7 or 8, by means of which the means 12 for compensating mechanical stresses in the contact region 10 are advantageously created can.
  • the adhesion promoter 37 in conjunction with the contact layer 35 can form a two-layer compensating means.
  • the intermediate layer 36 provides means 39 for reducing tensile forces in a contact region 10 (see in particular FIG. 1 ) of the electric heater 2 and the electrical contact device 7 and 8, in particular on a heater side adhesion promoter 37, is.
  • an advantageous contact coating could also be composed of only the contact layer 35 and the second layer 33 as a reducing means 39 of tensile stress forces within the contact coating 11.
  • the contact coating 11 of the layer structure 31 has a total layer thickness 40 of 8 ⁇ m.
  • the contact layer 35 used here consists of a silver alloy, so that a good contact between an electrical contact device 7 or 8 and the contact layer 35 can be ensured.
  • the compensating means 12 or the adhesion promoter 37 has chromium, since chromium is very reactive and can ensure good adhesion of the contact coating 11 to the electrical heating device 2.
  • Tensile forces, in particular within the contact coating 11, can advantageously be reduced if the intermediate layer 36 is made of copper or a suitable copper alloy.
  • copper is an excellent electrical conductor and a soft material that can easily compensate for tensile stresses.
  • the layer structure 31 of the contact coating 11 described here it is possible to effectively prevent the contact layer 35 from breaking off from the electric heating device 2 if such an equipped electric heating device 1 or 101 is exposed to strong temperature differences. As a result, the fatigue strength of the electric heater 1, 101 is particularly advantageous increased.
  • the contact coating 11 can in particular be applied to the heating device 2 advantageously by means of vapor deposition, for example a PVD coating in a plastic body made of PE, by means of at least partial electrodeposition and / or by means of an approximately self-adhesive metal foil.
  • FIG. 5 45 shows a relationship of a PTC ceramic 46 with respect to a first PTC plastic 47 and another PTC plastic 48.
  • the respective RT gradient which can describe a measure of a Ableit a PTC thermistor
  • the PTC plastics 47 and 48 at least as steep as that of the PTC ceramic 46, whereby the PTC Plastics 47 and 48 are also particularly well for electrical heaters 2 can be used.
  • the respective relevant R-T characteristic can be set in a selectable adjustment range 49. In particular, this results in different application areas 50 and 51, which are shown in gray in the diagram 45.
  • the different plastic compositions can be created, for example, by providing a polyolefin with different amounts of soot.
  • the proportions of carbon in this case provide carbon components in the respective plastic 47, 48, which are arranged in the plastic 47, 48 (see FIG FIG. 6 ).
  • a plastic body 52 At an average ambient temperature or a corresponding room temperature, a plastic body 52 essentially has a crystalline structure 53 in which the carbon components may be formed as electrically conductive carbon chains 54. As a result, the plastic body 52 is low impedance.
  • plastic body 52 at a higher temperature results in a substantially amorphous structure 55, in which the electrically conductive carbon chains 54 are divided into individually distributed carbon chain pieces 56, so that the plastic body 52 is high impedance.
  • the plastic body 52 is a PTC thermistor whose electrical conductivity decreases with increasing temperature 57. As soon as the temperature drops again 58, the electrical conductivity of the plastic body 52 can be taken again, since the carbon particles can reassemble into electrically conductive carbon chains 54.
  • plastic rib body 3 is provided at its two radial ends 4 and 5 each with a plurality of contact webs 60.
  • the plastic ribbed body 3 can be traversed by a ventilation air 13, wherein it can heat the ventilation air 13, if it is heated itself.
  • An electrical contact device 8 can be glued to the contact webs 60 (see detailed view of FIG. 9 ).
  • the contact webs 60 are coated with the contact coating 11 described above (see in particular FIG FIG. 8 ).
  • a current flow 21 (here shown only by way of example on one of four vertical arrows) flows through the plastic rib body 3, as a result of which can warm up.
  • the current flow 21 is in this case aligned in the direction of the contact webs 60, so that the longest possible current flow 21 through the plastic rib body 3 and thus a particularly good heating of the plastic rib body 3 can be achieved.
  • the surface resistance 24, 28 and the contact resistances 25 and 27 are substantially reduced by means of the contact coating 11, whereby, inter alia, a higher flexibility of the electrical connection of an electric heater 2 can be achieved.
  • the electric current density in the contact region 10 can be advantageously reduced.
  • the contact coating 11 forms a seal of the plastic surface on the contact webs 60, so that a particularly good contact between an electrical contact device 7 or 8 and an electric heater 2 can be ensured even in the long term.
  • FIGS. 10 to 13 is a possible process sequence for producing a heating module 14 from a plastic rib body 3 and a first electrical contact device 7 and a second electrical contact device 8 with a glued structure (see FIG. 13 ).
  • the plastic ribbed body 3 is present as plastic granules 63, wherein the plastic granules 63 are formed into the actual plastic ribbed body 3 ( FIG. 11 ).
  • the plastic granulate 63 can either be injection molded, extruded, sintered or produced with another advantageous plastic production method.
  • the plastic ribbed body 3 is cleaned at least at its radial ends 4 and 5, so that there contact webs provided 60 are particularly well freed from impurities.
  • an electrically insulating adhesive 64 see FIG. 12 .
  • the electrical heating devices 7 and 8 are supplied and pressed against the contact webs 60 of the plastic rib body 3 by suitable pressure rollers 65 (numbered here only by way of example).
  • the contact pressure of the pressure rollers 65 is advantageously selected so high that the electrically insulating adhesive 64 can be at least partially displaced at the contact webs 60, whereby the contact webs 60 rests directly on the electrical contact means 7 and 8 respectively.
  • a direct electrical contact between the plastic rib body 3 and the electrical contact means 7 or 8 is provided, so that in the present case the electrically insulating adhesive 64 can be used.
  • the adhesive 64 may in this case be brushed or sprayed onto the corresponding components, or the components of the heating module 14 to be glued together may be immersed in an adhesive reservoir. Curing of the electrically insulating adhesive 64 can take place by means of an increase in temperature, for example in an oven, by means of hot air, by means of UV light or simply at room temperature.
  • the plastic rib body 15 may have a thickness of between 5 mm and 100 mm, which may depend substantially on its later use.
  • the electric heater 2 may alternatively be used as a plastic plate body 15, as in the electric heater 101 from the FIG. 2 already shown, be designed (see FIG. 14 ).
  • This plastic plate body 15 is provided on both sides with a contact coating 11, which preferably has a layer structure 31 (see FIG. 15 ), which consists of a contact layer 35, an intermediate layer 36 and a bonding agent 37, as described in detail with reference to the further detail representation 30 from the FIG. 4 has already been explained.
  • the plastic plate body 15 may have a preferred thickness between 0.4 mm and 5 mm. The thinner the plastic plate body 15 is selected, the better its heat extraction can be. The thicker the plastic plate body 15 is selected, the more stable the entire structure. A good compromise was found when the plastic sheet body thickness is chosen between 0.7 mm and 2 mm.
  • the contact coating 11 in addition to the advantages explained above, also has a positive influence on an electrical connection to electrically conductive particles, such as carbon particles (see FIG. 6 ), in the plastic ribbed body 3.
  • a corrugated fin 16 is glued to the plastic plate body 15 or in particular to the contact coatings 11, wherein the corrugated fin 16 is equipped with an electrical contact means 7 (see FIG. 16 ).
  • the electrical contact device 7 may in this case have a contact plate thickness between 0.3 mm and 2 mm, wherein a contact plate thickness between 0.5 mm and 1 mm represents a very good compromise in terms of good stability and good weight.
  • a rib of the corrugated fin 16 preferably has a rib thickness of 0.05 mm to 0.2 mm. If the corrugated fin 16 additionally designed as a current-carrying component, the rib thickness is preferably 0.08 mm to 0.15 mm.
  • a rib height can be between 3 mm and 20 mm or between 5 mm and 20 mm. The rib depth can be 4 mm to 50 mm or 6 mm to 20 mm. The dimensions mentioned here also depend on the heat output of the electric heater.
  • a related heating module 14 with a preferred depth between 5 mm and 100 mm, from a plastic plate body 15, two corrugated fins 16 (only exemplified here) and a first electrical contact device 7 and a second electrical contact device 8 is in the FIGS. 17 and 18 shown.
  • the corrugated fins 16 serve to increase a heat-transferring surface of the heating module 14, so that a heat generated by the heater 2 can be transmitted much better to a ventilation air 13 flowing through the corrugated fins 16.
  • the contact coating 11 also improves the thermal conductivity between the electrical heating device 2 and the corrugated fins 16, so that in particular a very homogeneous heat distribution over the entire length of the corrugated fins 16 can be established.
  • the first electrical contact device 7 is poled as a positive pole 23 and the second electrical contact device 8 as a negative pole 22, so that in particular a flow of current 21 can flow through the plastic plate body 15, wherein the current flow 21, as explicitly in the FIG. 18 indicated, is also directed by the electrical guide 7 and the corrugated fin 16 of the positive pole 23 to the negative terminal 22.
  • FIGS. 19 and 20 While a previously explained corrugated fin 16 was formed only V-shaped, is in the FIGS. 19 and 20 an arrangement 67 of a plastic plate body 15 and two Trapezwellrippen 68 (numbered here only by way of example) shown. It is advantageous that the trapezoidal rib 68 in the contact region 10 can rest on the contact coating 11 of the plastic plate body 15 in a substantially larger area, so that excellent electrical contact between the trapezoidal ribs 68 and the plastic plate body 15 can thereby be ensured.
  • the trapezoidal ribs 68 are formed by means of an adhesive bond 61 with an electrically insulating adhesive 64, wherein the electrically insulating adhesive 64 is arranged only in meniscus regions 66 of the adhesive bond 61. This can be ensured by pressing the trapezoidal shafts 68 against the plastic plate body 15 so strongly in the manufacturing process of the arrangement 67 that the electrically insulating adhesive 64 is displaced from the immediate contact region 10. A contact force must be selected to be correspondingly high, so that the electrically insulating adhesive 64 can also be displaced by the larger contact surface.
  • the corrugated fins 16 which are adhered to a plastic plate body 15, each formed directly as a first electrical contact means 7 and as a second electrical contact means 8.
  • a constructed heating module 14 constructively constructs particularly simple, since a positive pole 23 and a negative pole 22 is formed directly from the respective rib 16.
  • at least one of the corrugated fins 16 is a connecting element 70 is provided, on which two corrugated fins 16 can be attached directly opposite lying.
  • the connecting element 70 does not serve as an electricity-initiating device but merely as an assembly and stop help.
  • An electric heater 101 equipped with such heating modules 14 is particularly easy to construct, since additional electrical contact means can be dispensed with.
  • FIG. 22 shown further adhesive connection 71 is realized with an electrically conductive adhesive 72, wherein the electrically conductive adhesive 72 between corrugated fins 16 and contact coatings 11 of a plastic plate body 15 is enriched.
  • the corrugated fins 16 are not directly on the contact coatings 11, but only indirectly, since there is between the corrugated fins 16 and the contact coatings 11 even when cured adhesive bond 71, the electrically conductive adhesive 72.
  • electrically conductive adhesive 72 By means of the electrically conductive adhesive 72, a direct contact between the corrugated fins 16 and the contact coatings 11 is not required, so that even with a relevant manufacturing process is not necessarily to ensure that the adhesive 72 is completely displaced between the corrugated fins 16 and the contact coatings 11 , As electrically conductive adhesive 72 here is a silicone adhesive has been used.
  • the electrically insulating adhesive 64 or the electrically conductive adhesive 72 can be applied as an adhesive strip 73 on a contact coating 11 of a plastic sheet body 15 (see FIG. 23 ). Or the adhesives 64 and 72 are applied to the corrugated fin 16 (see FIG. 24 ), wherein then the plastic plate body 15 and / or the electrical contact means 7 are brought in accordance with the direction arrows 74 and 75 to the corrugated fin 16 and pressed together.
  • the corrugated fin 16 (see FIG. 25 ) are brought into direct contact with the plastic plate body 15 and the electrical guide 7, respectively.
  • FIGS. 26 to 31 A possible process sequence for producing an electric heating device 101 according to FIG. 2 is in the FIGS. 26 to 31 shown schematically.
  • a plastic granules 63 is heated and formed into a plastic semi-finished plate 76 (see FIG. 27 ).
  • this plastic semi-finished plate 76 are on both sides of a contact coating 11, ideally according to the further detailed representation 30 of the FIG. 4 , applied.
  • the thus-prepared plastic semi-finished plate 76 is cut into individual plastic plate body 15.
  • the plastic plate body 15 are provided on both sides directly with the required contact coatings 11.
  • an electrically conductive adhesive 72 is applied to the respective contact coating 11 and solidified by means of suitable pressure rollers 65.
  • Corrugated ribs 16 can be glued to the thus prepared plastic plate body 15, whereby individual heating modules 14 can be produced, which in turn can be glued together in an appropriate manner to an electric heater or otherwise clamped together.
  • an electrical heating device 1, 101 with electrical heating devices 2 made of plastic can be made substantially less expensive, lighter and more versatile than with conventional PTC ceramic elements.
  • the contact coating 11 described here critical stresses and / or forces within the electrical heating device 2 can be substantially reduced.
  • the contact coating 11 is more resistant to micro-arcs than conventional simple contact coatings. This can be attributed, in particular, to the special layer structure 31, which consists of at least three different material layers 32, 33 and 34.
  • the present contact coating 11 differs in particular from conventional contact layers, which have only a single material layer. Even if a conventional contact layer should be multi-layered, it has the advantageous layer structure 31 not on, the present invention, the contact coating 11 is characterized.

Landscapes

  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP08290355.0A 2008-04-11 2008-04-11 Dispositif électrique de chauffage destiné à chauffer, en particulier un véhicule automobile Expired - Fee Related EP2109347B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08290355.0A EP2109347B1 (fr) 2008-04-11 2008-04-11 Dispositif électrique de chauffage destiné à chauffer, en particulier un véhicule automobile

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08290355.0A EP2109347B1 (fr) 2008-04-11 2008-04-11 Dispositif électrique de chauffage destiné à chauffer, en particulier un véhicule automobile

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EP2109347B1 EP2109347B1 (fr) 2015-03-11

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018215623A1 (fr) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Webasto SE Dispositif de chauffage de fluide et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif
WO2019115069A1 (fr) * 2017-12-15 2019-06-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif de chauffage
US20200286653A1 (en) * 2019-03-06 2020-09-10 Eberspacher catem Hermsdorf GmbH & Co. KG PTC Heating Element And An Electric Heating Device

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FR2826829A1 (fr) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-03 Valeo Climatisation Echangeur de chaleur a barreaux chauffants contenant des elements resistifs
EP1528837A1 (fr) 2003-10-31 2005-05-04 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Matrice plastique chauffable électriquement
EP1696704A1 (fr) * 2003-11-25 2006-08-30 Kyocera Corporation Dispositif chauffant en ceramique et procede de fabrication
EP1935684A1 (fr) * 2006-12-11 2008-06-25 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Chauffage électrique ou chauffage, en particulier pour un climatiseur ou une installation de chauffage d'un véhicule automobile

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2826829A1 (fr) * 2001-06-27 2003-01-03 Valeo Climatisation Echangeur de chaleur a barreaux chauffants contenant des elements resistifs
EP1528837A1 (fr) 2003-10-31 2005-05-04 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Matrice plastique chauffable électriquement
EP1696704A1 (fr) * 2003-11-25 2006-08-30 Kyocera Corporation Dispositif chauffant en ceramique et procede de fabrication
EP1935684A1 (fr) * 2006-12-11 2008-06-25 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Chauffage électrique ou chauffage, en particulier pour un climatiseur ou une installation de chauffage d'un véhicule automobile

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110678702A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2020-01-10 韦巴斯托股份公司 空气加热器
US20200166242A1 (en) * 2017-05-24 2020-05-28 Webasto SE Heating device and method for producing such a heating device
WO2018215197A1 (fr) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Webasto SE Dispositif de chauffage d'air
WO2018215534A1 (fr) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Webasto SE Dispositif de chauffage et son procédé de fabrication, procédé pour faire fonctionner ce dispositif et utilisation d'un tel dispositif
CN110691949B (zh) * 2017-05-24 2022-04-08 韦巴斯托股份公司 电加热器，用于制造和运行这种电加热器的方法以及这种加热器的使用
CN110678703A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2020-01-10 韦巴斯托股份公司 加热器以及用于制造这种加热器的方法，用于运行这种加热器的方法和这种加热器的使用
WO2018215537A1 (fr) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Webasto SE Appareil de chauffage électrique, procédé de fabrication et de commande et utilisation d'une tel appareil de chauffage
CN110678704A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2020-01-10 韦巴斯托股份公司 流体加热器和用于制造流体加热器的方法
WO2018215623A1 (fr) * 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Webasto SE Dispositif de chauffage de fluide et procédé de fabrication de ce dispositif
CN110691949A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2020-01-14 韦巴斯托股份公司 电加热器，用于制造和运行这种电加热器的方法以及这种加热器的使用
CN110678343A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2020-01-10 韦巴斯托股份公司 电加热器
JP2020521272A (ja) * 2017-05-24 2020-07-16 ベバスト エスエーＷｅｂａｓｔｏ ＳＥ 加熱装置、それを製造する方法及び動作させる方法、並びにその使用
WO2019115069A1 (fr) * 2017-12-15 2019-06-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif de chauffage
US20200286653A1 (en) * 2019-03-06 2020-09-10 Eberspacher catem Hermsdorf GmbH & Co. KG PTC Heating Element And An Electric Heating Device
US11676745B2 (en) * 2019-03-06 2023-06-13 Eberspächer catem Hermsdorf GmbH & Co. KG PTC heating element and an electric heating device

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