EP2108457A2 - Chimney system with electrostatic precipitator - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has two electrodes (2,4) and a coupling device which is connected with an electric voltage source. The coupling device is designed for supplying electric voltage to the former electrode for establishing an electric voltage potential between the two electrodes. The former electrode is removed from the coupling device. An independent claim is included for a smokestack system with an exhaust gas supply line.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for purifying exhaust gases, in particular in chimney systems, as well as a corresponding chimney system, in which suspended matter from flowing exhaust gases can be deposited and thus filtered.

Thus, electrostatic precipitators are known in which solid or liquid particles are separated from a gas stream by the action of an electric field. In this case, the attractive effect of electrical forces on electrically charged particles is utilized, which can be deposited on a collecting electrode. The charging of neutral dust particles is usually carried out by another electrode. A corresponding AC filter for the separation of suspended matter from flowing exhaust gases is for example in the DE 88 10 485 U1 disclosed. The problem with such a system, however, is that the cleaning of the exhaust shaft is difficult and expensive due to the electrode located therein.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a device for purifying exhaust gases, in particular in chimney systems, as well as a chimney system, in which the exhaust gas shaft can be cleaned with little effort.

This object is achieved by a device for purifying exhaust gases, in particular in chimney systems, with the features of claim 1 and also solved by a chimney system with the features of claim 10. Preferred embodiments are subject of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, a device for purifying exhaust gases, in particular in chimney systems, is provided, comprising a first electrode, a second electrode and a coupling device, which is connected or connectable to an electrical voltage source and is designed to supply an electrical voltage to the first electrode build up an electrical voltage potential between the first and second electrode, wherein the first electrode of the coupling device is releasable. It is thus expediently provided a device in which a gas stream is passed through an electric field generated by means of a pair of electrodes forming first and second electrodes, in which the particles contained in the gas are charged and transported to or in the direction of the second electrode. Such a device is particularly suitable for the separation of very small or fine particles or particles of the exhaust gas, so that the device for purifying exhaust gases can be particularly useful for the deposition of dust in flue gas of combustion plants. In this case, the first electrode and the second electrode are provided in particular in order to charge neutral charged dust particles in such a way that a separation by electrical forces or an electrical potential is possible. This is effected in particular by the first electrode, wherein gas ions are formed by a so-called corona discharge at the first electrode, which is suitably operated with high voltage, which accumulate on the particles to be deposited and thus cause a charging of the dust particles. The first electrode thus serves as a spray electrode or charging electrode. Due to the electrical voltage potential between the first and the second electrode, electrical forces act on the charged particles, so that the particles or particles in the exhaust shaft or flow through the separation chamber between the first and second electrode, in particular preferably transversely to the gas flow direction to or in the direction of second electrode are transported out and thus excreted from the gas stream. The precipitated or deposited particles or particles then form a Dust layer on the second electrode or a gas space limiting the arranged between the first and second electrode precipitation surface. The second electrode thus serves, in particular, expediently as a collecting electrode or deposition electrode. It is understood that a plurality of first electrodes and / or a plurality of second electrodes may also be provided, so that at least one first electrode and at least one second electrode are provided in the device according to the invention for purifying exhaust gases. In order to establish an electric field between the first and second electrodes, the first electrode is connected or connectable to an electrical voltage source. The electrical voltage source or high-voltage source particularly expediently generates an electrical alternating voltage. As a result, an electrical voltage potential or electric field is established between the first and the second electrode, which is directed in such a way that the particles or particles located in the exhaust gases are guided in the direction of the second electrode. In order to supply an electrical voltage to the first electrode, it is advantageously connected to a coupling device which is in direct or indirect electrical connection with an electrical voltage source. In other words, the coupling device thus serves to transmit an electrical voltage to the first electrode. Here, the connection between the first electrode and coupling device is designed such that the first electrode of the coupling device is detachable or separable or detachable or disengageable. In this case, the first electrode can be detached from the coupling device in such a way that expediently neither an electrical connection nor a mechanical connection exists between the first electrode and the coupling device. Advantageously, the first electrode can thus be separated from the voltage source indirectly connected via the coupling device and be removed from the exhaust gas shaft so that a simple and convenient cleaning of the exhaust gas shaft without elements located in it is made possible.

Advantageously, the first electrode is designed as a flexible rod-shaped or tubular conductor. The first electrode may thus be in other words, for example, as Wire may be formed, which may have any cross-sectional configuration. It is understood that the first electrode may also be formed as a lattice-shaped body, for example as a tubular or tubular grid body.

Advantageously, the second electrode at least partially surrounds the first electrode at a spatial distance. In other words, the first and second electrodes do not touch, but are spatially separated from each other. The spatial spacing is in this case seen in particular in the transverse, preferably perpendicular direction to the flow direction of the exhaust gas. The second electrode can expediently be designed such that it surrounds the first electrode. For this purpose, the second electrode may be formed as a hollow cylindrical element, for example as a tube. The second electrode may in this case have any cross-sectional configuration, in particular round (preferably circular) or angular (preferably rectangular). If the second electrode is formed as a hollow cylindrical element, this surrounds the first electrode fully. It is understood that the second electrode may also be formed as a portion of a hollow cylindrical element, so that the first electrode is only partially surrounded by the second electrode in the circumferential direction.

Further preferably, a gas space limiting precipitation surface is provided between the first and second electrodes. The precipitation surface or precipitation wall is expediently a precipitation wall which encloses the gas space and the first electrode and which separates the second electrode in an electrically insulating manner from it. The precipitation surface is correspondingly particularly expediently designed as an insulator or at least partially electrically insulating. This is particularly advantageous, since otherwise the charged particles or particles would release their charge again at the second electrode and thus lose their holding or adhesive forces, which could cause them to get back into the gas stream. Here, the precipitation surface is particularly advantageous as a ceramic tube or formed ceramic tube or exhaust pipe. This is particularly advantageous since the second electrode is thus arranged on the outer surface not stressed during cleaning of the exhaust pipe and thus can not be damaged.

In a preferred embodiment, the first electrode has at a first distal end region a connecting element which can be brought into engagement with the coupling device. The connecting element thus establishes a connection or a contact or an engagement between a first outer or distal end region of the first electrode and the coupling device. In this case, the connecting element serves in particular to ensure an electrical connection between the first electrode and the coupling device.

Advantageously, the connecting element has a return to receive a coupling portion of the coupling device. The recess or the recess or the opening is expediently essentially congruent with respect to an external configuration of the coupling section of the coupling device in terms of its geometric configuration. Advantageously, the recess is formed on an end face of the connecting element, wherein particularly expediently on an opposite side of the connecting element, the first electrode extends away from the latter.

Conveniently, the return expands towards its distal end. In other words, the return of the connecting element widens to the distal or outer end of the Verbindungsgelements. Advantageously, the extension of the return is at least partially provided. Due to the extension of the recess to the distal end of the connecting element, the recess at the distal or outer end of the connecting element has a larger opening cross-section than in a region within the connecting element. The recess may have any cross-sectional configuration, such as round or angular (polygon). Particularly advantageously, the recess has a circular cross-sectional area, so that the recess forms a conical recess.

In a further preferred embodiment, the connecting element has guide means in order to guide at least the end region of the first electrode in an exhaust gas shaft. The guide means thus provide particularly expediently a guide in the transverse direction, in particular perpendicular to the exhaust gas flow direction ready. As a result, the position of the end region of the first electrode in the exhaust gas duct in its transverse direction to the exhaust gas flow direction can advantageously be determined or fixed, thereby facilitating coupling or connection to the coupling section of the coupling device.

Conveniently, the guide means are formed as substantially radially extending arms. It has proven to be particularly advantageous to provide three at an angle of 120 ° to each other standing arms. The arms may extend substantially transversely, preferably perpendicular to the flow direction of the exhaust gas. Particularly advantageously, however, these are slightly inclined to the flow direction to facilitate removal of the first electrode from the exhaust duct. The guide means are expediently resilient or elastic designed to compensate for unevenness of the exhaust shaft can.

The first electrode preferably has, at a second distal end region, an insulator, on which preferably an actuating device is arranged. The first electrode is thus provided at a second distal end region, which is arranged opposite the first distal end region substantially opposite, provided with a region which is not electrically conductive. Indirectly above the insulator, an actuating device is particularly advantageously connected to the first electrode. The actuating device makes it possible to displace the first electrode, for example, to pull it out of the exhaust gas shaft. The Actuating device can be designed as desired, for example as a hook, handle or the like. However, the actuating device particularly advantageously comprises a tension element on which, for example, an actuating device designed in the form of a motor is arranged.

The coupling device preferably has a coupling section in order to engage a connecting element of the first electrode. In this case, the coupling section in particular produces a mechanical engagement between, in particular, the return of the connecting element. On the other hand, the coupling section has a region by means of which an electrical connection to the first electrode is made possible. This area may be formed, for example, as a mandrel, which can be brought into contact or electrical connection with the first electrode.

Conveniently, the coupling portion tapers towards its distal end. Particularly advantageously, the outer configuration of the coupling portion is thus formed substantially congruent to the return of the connecting element. Thus, a coupling section may be provided, which tapers only partially to its distal end.

Preferably, the connecting element of the first electrode and / or the coupling portion of the coupling device are at least partially magnetically formed to attract each other. For this purpose, the connecting element and / or the coupling section particularly advantageously has a magnetic region which attracts the magnetically attractable region of the other of the connecting element and / or the coupling section. This ensures a particularly secure connection or coupling between the connecting element and the coupling device.

According to the invention, a chimney system is provided, comprising an exhaust gas shaft with an exhaust gas feed, a first electrode which is disposed within the exhaust shaft, a second electrode and a coupling device which is connected to an electrical voltage source or is connectable and adapted to supply the first electrode with an electrical voltage to build between the first and second electrode, an electrical voltage potential, wherein the first electrode of the coupling device is releasable. The exhaust shaft is particularly expediently part of a chimney, wherein an exhaust gas supply is provided in order to supply the waste gas to the exhaust gas, in particular smoke. The exhaust gas supply can thus be designed in particular as a nozzle, T or tail. It is understood that the position or arrangement of the exhaust shaft for the effectiveness of the cleaning of the exhaust gas or the deposition of the particles is irrelevant, so that the exhaust shaft can be arranged horizontally, vertically or in any other angular position.

Preferably, the coupling device is arranged in the flow direction of the exhaust gas before the exhaust gas supply. In other words, the coupling device is at least partially in the exhaust shaft and is arranged in the flow direction of the exhaust gas outside the actual exhaust gas flow. In a vertical exhaust shaft, the coupling device is thus arranged under the exhaust gas supply in the flow direction of the exhaust gas. This ensures that the coupling device is not directly exposed to the hot exhaust gases and thus could be damaged.

Expediently, the first electrode has at a distal end region a connecting element which can be brought into engagement with the coupling device.

Advantageously, the connecting element has a return to receive a coupling portion of the coupling device.

Preferably, the connecting element has guide means for guiding at least the end region of the first electrode in an exhaust gas shaft.

Preferably, the diameter of the recess in the connecting element is greater than the clear width between the guide means and the inner wall of the exhaust shaft. The clear width between the guide means and the inner wall of the exhaust shaft substantially corresponds to the maximum deflection of the first electrode or the connecting element along a straight line perpendicular to the flow direction of the exhaust gas. By such a geometric design is particularly advantageously ensured that the connecting element with the coupling device is secure and error-free engageable.

Preferably, the first electrode has at a second distal end region an insulator, on which preferably an actuating device is arranged.

Advantageously, the actuating device comprises a tension element, such as a wire, which can be displaced manually or via an actuating device. Here, the tension element can be guided via a deflection device in a lying next to the exhaust shaft second shaft of the chimney system, in which an actuating device may be provided in the form of a winch. The winch can be driven, for example, manually or via a motor.

It is understood that the further advantages and features of the inventive device for purifying exhaust gases can also be used in the chimney system according to the invention.

• Fig. 1 eine perspektivische teilweise geschnittene Ansicht einer ersten beispielhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schornsteinsystems.
• Fig. 2 eine perspektivische teilweise geschnittene vergrößerte Ansicht einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Schornsteinsystems.
• Fig. 3 Seitenansichten einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Abgasen.
• Fig. 4 eine Seitenansicht eines Teils einer Koppeleinrichtung gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.
• Fig. 5 eine Draufsicht sowie eine Seitenansicht eines Verbindungselements gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.

Further advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying figures, wherein individual embodiments may be combined to form novel embodiments. Show it:

• Fig. 1 a perspective partially sectioned view of a first exemplary embodiment of the chimney system according to the invention.
• Fig. 2 a perspective partially sectioned enlarged view of an exemplary embodiment of the chimney system according to the invention.
• Fig. 3 Side views of an exemplary embodiment of the inventive device for purifying exhaust gases.
• Fig. 4 a side view of a portion of a coupling device according to a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.
• Fig. 5 a plan view and a side view of a connecting element according to a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention.

In Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a first preferred exemplary embodiment of the chimney system according to the invention shown. The chimney system comprises a first electrode 2, a second electrode 4 and a coupling device 6, which are arranged on or in a chimney 50.

The chimney 50 has an exhaust duct 52, which generally extends substantially vertically. However, it is also possible a horizontal or otherwise inclined design. In order to supply exhaust gases to the exhaust shaft 52, an exhaust gas supply 54 designed as an exhaust port is provided. Finally, in a particularly advantageous embodiment, the chimney 50 has a further shaft 56, which extends substantially parallel to the exhaust gas shaft 52 and can be designed as a fresh air or venting shaft. In the lower region of the chimney 50, an inspection opening 58 is provided through which access to the exhaust shaft 52 is made possible. The exhaust gas supplied through the exhaust gas feed 54 into the exhaust gas shaft 52 flows in the flow direction x through the exhaust gas shaft 52 up to the opening thereof and from there into the open air.

In the inspection opening 58, a device is provided to at least partially arrange the coupling device 6 in the exhaust shaft 52. in this connection is the coupling device 6 seen in the flow direction x of the exhaust gas before or arranged below the exhaust gas supply 54. As in particular from Fig. 1 - 4th can be seen, the coupling device 6 comprises a coupling portion 8, at the distal end portion of a mandrel 10 is provided. The coupling device 6 is connected or connectable to an electrical voltage source in order to supply an electrical voltage to the first electrode 2, as will be described later. The coupling device 6 has a fastening region for attachment to the inspection opening 58, from which extends a substantially L-shaped arm whose end projects into the exhaust gas shaft 52 and to which the coupling section 8 is arranged. The substantially L-shaped arm is in this case formed in particular of Teflon or another non-conductive and heat-resistant material, wherein in the interior of a conductor is provided which allows an electrical connection between the mandrel 10 and the electrical voltage source.

The first electrode 2 is designed as a flexible rod-shaped or tubular conductor, in particular as a wire, and has a connecting element 12 at its first distal end region. At the second distal end region opposite the first distal end region, an insulator 14 is provided, on which an actuating device is arranged. Thus, although there is a mechanical connection between the first electrode 2 and actuator, but not an electrical connection. The first electrode 2 is particularly advantageously arranged substantially concentrically in the exhaust gas shaft 52 and extends at least partially or partially or via a predefined separation region along the flow direction x. Between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4, a precipitation surface 60 is particularly advantageously provided, on which the precipitated particles can precipitate or settle. In particular Fig. 1 . 2 and 5 can be seen, the second electrode 4 surrounds the first electrode 2 in a spatial distance, wherein between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 4, the gas space limiting precipitation surface 60 is provided.

The connecting element 12, which is provided on the first electrode 2, ie at its first distal end region, is designed to be brought into engagement with the coupling device 6 (cf. Fig. 3 ). For this purpose, the connecting element 12 has a recess 16, which expands particularly expediently to the distal end of the connecting element 12. In this respect, the recess forms at least in regions a recess in the form of a cone or cone. The recess 16 is designed to receive the coupling section 8 of the coupling device 6 or to be engaged therewith. By the connecting element 12, which is particularly advantageously formed of a non-conductive but heat-resistant material such as Teflon, extends a conductor, here a part of the first electrode 2, so that an electrical connection between a bottom portion of the recess 16 and the first electrode 2 is guaranteed. In an engaging with the coupling portion 8 connecting element 12 thus an electrical connection between the electrical voltage source and the electrode 2 is given, since the mandrel 10 contacts a conductive region of the first electrode 2.

In order to ensure a particularly reliable coupling between connecting element 12 and coupling device 6, the coupling section 8 of the coupling device 6 in the region of the mandrel 10 has a magnetic part, which is formed in the illustrated embodiment as a permanent magnet 18 (see. Fig. 4 ). In a corresponding manner, a wall portion of the recess 16 of the connecting element 2 is also magnetically formed, in the embodiment shown here as a further permanent magnet 20 (see. Fig. 5 ). It is understood that also only a single permanent magnet 18 or 20 may be provided, provided that the corresponding opposite surface is magnetically attractable.

In order to achieve a guidance in the radial direction (ie essentially transversely or perpendicular to the flow direction x) during a displacement of the first electrode 2 along the flow direction x, the connecting element 12 also has guide means. These are designed, at least the end of the first Lead electrode 2 in the exhaust duct 52. In the illustrated embodiment, the guide means are formed as substantially radially extending arms 22, which do not extend perpendicular to the flow direction x, but are inclined at an angle α thereto, so that the movement of the first electrode 2 in the flow direction x is facilitated as a Hanging the arms 22 on the exhaust shaft 52 and its unevenness is avoided. Particularly advantageously, the arms 22 are formed resilient so as not to damage the precipitation surface 60 of the exhaust shaft 52. It is understood that a different number of arms 22 may be provided, for example, four arms 22 in a rectangular cross-section exhaust shaft 52nd

In order to allow easy cleaning of the exhaust duct 52, it is necessary to remove the first electrode 2 from this. For this purpose, an actuating device is arranged indirectly via the insulator 14 at the second distal end of the first electrode 2.

In the illustrated embodiment, the actuating device is designed such that it comprises a tension element 24, which is formed for example as a wire. The tension element 24 is fastened to the insulator 14 and is guided via a deflection device 26 into the further or second shaft 56. Here, the insulator 14 opposite end of the tension member 24 is attached to a trained as an actuator winding device 28, which can be operated manually (for example via a crank) or automatically (for example via a motor). Upon actuation of the actuating device thus the tension member 24 is wound on the winding device 28, whereby the first electrode 2 is led out in the flow direction x from the exhaust duct 52. Here, the connecting element 12 is decoupled from the coupling device 6, so that the electrical connection between the electrical voltage source and the first electrode 2 is disconnected.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

2

first electrode

4

second electrode

6

coupling device

8th

coupling section

10

mandrel

12

connecting element

14

insulator

16

return

18

permanent magnet

20

permanent magnet

22

poor

24

tension element

26

deflecting

28

winder

50

chimney

52

exhaust stack

54

exhaust gas supply

56

shaft

58

inspection opening

60

Precipitation area

x

flow direction

α

angle

Claims (15)

Device for purifying exhaust gases, in particular in chimney systems, comprising
a first electrode (2), a second electrode (4) and a coupling device (6) connected to an electric power source and adapted to supply an electric voltage to the first electrode (2) to be between the first and second electrodes second electrode (2, 4) to build an electrical voltage potential,
wherein the first electrode (2) of the coupling device (6) is releasable Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first electrode (2) is designed as a flexible rod or tubular conductor. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second electrode (4) at least partially surrounds the first electrode (2) at a spatial distance, and preferably between the first and second electrode (2, 4) a precipitation surface (60) bounding the gas space is provided. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first electrode (2) at a first distal end region has a connecting element (12) which can be brought into engagement with the coupling device (6). Apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the connecting element (12) has a recess (16) to receive a coupling portion (8) of the coupling device (6), which preferably widens towards its distal end. Device according to one of claims 4 or 5, wherein the connecting element (12) has guide means to at least the End region of the first electrode (2) in an exhaust duct (52) to lead and which are preferably formed as substantially radially extending arms (22). Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first electrode (2) has at a second distal end region an insulator (14) on which preferably an actuating device is arranged. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the coupling device (6) has a coupling portion (8) for engagement with a connecting element (12) of the first electrode (2), and wherein the coupling portion (8) to its distal end preferably rejuvenated. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting element (12) of the first electrode (2) and / or the coupling portion (8) of the coupling device (6) are at least partially formed magnetically to attract each other. Chimney system, comprising
an exhaust gas shaft (52) with an exhaust gas feed (54), a first electrode (2), which is arranged inside the exhaust gas shaft (52), a second electrode (4) and a coupling device (6), which are connected to an electric voltage source or is connectable and adapted to supply an electrical voltage to the first electrode (2) in order to establish an electrical voltage potential between the first and second electrodes (2, 4),
wherein the first electrode (2) of the coupling device (6) is releasable. Chimney system according to claim 10, wherein the coupling device (6) in the flow direction (x) of the exhaust gas seen in front of the exhaust gas feed (54) is arranged. Chimney system according to one of claims 10 or 11, wherein the first electrode (2) at a first distal end portion has a connecting element (12) which is engageable with the coupling device (6), wherein the connecting element (12) has a recess (16 ) preferably to receive a coupling portion (8) of the coupling device (6). A chimney system according to claim 12, wherein the connecting member (12) comprises guide means for guiding at least the end portion of the first electrode (2) in the exhaust duct (52), and wherein the diameter of the recess (16) in the connecting member (12) is preferably larger as the clear width between the guide means and the inner wall of the exhaust duct (52). A chimney system according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the first electrode (2) has at a second distal end region an insulator (14) on which preferably an actuating device is arranged. A chimney system according to claim 14, wherein the actuating means comprises a tension member (24), such as a wire, which can be displaced manually or via an actuator.

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