EP2106500A1 - Fuel injector - Google Patents

Fuel injector

Info

Publication number
EP2106500A1
EP2106500A1 EP07821687A EP07821687A EP2106500A1 EP 2106500 A1 EP2106500 A1 EP 2106500A1 EP 07821687 A EP07821687 A EP 07821687A EP 07821687 A EP07821687 A EP 07821687A EP 2106500 A1 EP2106500 A1 EP 2106500A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
combustion chamber
nozzle needle
fuel injector
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07821687A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2106500B1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Christoph Magel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2106500A1 publication Critical patent/EP2106500A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2106500B1 publication Critical patent/EP2106500B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/161—Means for adjusting injection-valve lift
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F02M63/0026—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive actuators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1, which is inexpensive to produce.
  • the object is with a fuel injector with an injector housing, which has a high-pressure fuel connection, which with a central High-pressure fuel source outside of the injector and is in communication with a pressure space within the injector, from which, depending on the pressure in a coupling space, high-pressure fuel is injected into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine when a nozzle needle opens, which is a brennraumfer- nes end having a control pressure surface which is acted upon in the coupling space with coupling space pressure, achieved in that the nozzle needle or an element operatively connected to the nozzle needle at least one low pressure surface facing away from the combustion chamber, which is acted upon by low pressure.
  • the injector according to the invention can be operated with a pulling and a pushing working phase.
  • the size of an actuator used for actuating the injector, in particular a piezoelectric actuator, in comparison to conventional injectors can be reduced. Due to the additional low pressure surface, which is preferably arranged on the nozzle needle top and directed against the closing direction, the opening force required to open the nozzle needle is reduced. Depending on the ratio of the size of the control pressure surface and / or the Brennraumdurckflache to the size of the low pressure surface, a closing force is required in the open state of the nozzle needle to close the nozzle needle. According to the invention, the large opening force occurring in conventional injectors is divided between the opening and closing phases of the nozzle needle. Particularly advantageous is a distribution in the range 50 to 50.
  • the nozzle needle may be formed one or more parts.
  • the nozzle needle may further be operatively connected to an additional element.
  • the further element can be mechanically or hydraulically coupled to the nozzle needle.
  • a preferred exemplary embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the low-pressure surface is smaller than a combustion chamber pressure surface provided at the combustion chamber near end of the nozzle needle.
  • the combustion chamber pressure surface is defined by a sealing seat provided at the end of the nozzle needle close to the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber facing and limited by the sealing seat pressure surface on the nozzle needle is referred to as Brennraumdruck- flat.
  • Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the low-pressure surface is approximately half the size of the combustion chamber pressure surface.
  • nozzle needle has a shoulder at its end remote from the combustion chamber which forms the low-pressure surface.
  • the end of the nozzle needle remote from the combustion chamber preferably has the shape of a straight circular cylinder.
  • the paragraph viewed in cross section, has the shape of a step.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the shoulder is provided between a first guide portion extending away from the combustion chamber and a second guide portion extending toward the combustion chamber.
  • the two guide sections form a double guide for the nozzle needle.
  • the nozzle needle has between its combustion chamber near the end and the double guide to another guide section through which the nozzle needle is guided in the injector.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the coupling space is limited in the radial direction by the double guide body and in the axial direction to the combustion chamber through the nozzle needle.
  • the coupling space is bounded away from the combustion chamber in the axial direction by a coupler piston, which is connected to an actuator, in particular a piezoelectric actuator.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the coupling space is subdivided into partial coupling spaces, which communicate with each other via a throttle.
  • the vibration behavior of the injector can be optimized.
  • the needle opening speed can be adjusted by the throttle.
  • Figure 1 is a simplified representation of a fuel injector according to the invention in longitudinal section and
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a fuel injector with an injector housing 1.
  • the injector housing 1 comprises a nozzle body 2, which projects with its lower free end into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine to be supplied with fuel. With its upper end remote from the combustion chamber, the nozzle body 2 is clamped axially against an intermediate body 3 and an injector body 4 by means of a clamping nut (not shown).
  • the injector body 4 has substantially the shape of a circular cylinder jacket-shaped sleeve, whose one end face is closed by the intermediate body 3 and the other end face by an injector head 5.
  • an axial guide bore 6 is recessed, in which a nozzle needle 8 is guided axially displaceable.
  • a sealing edge 10 is formed, which cooperates with a sealing seat or a sealing surface 11 to two injection holes 13 and 14 in dependence on the position of the nozzle needle 8 specifically release or close.
  • the nozzle needle 8 has a pressure chamber section 15, followed by a truncated conical widening section 16, which is also referred to as a pressure shoulder.
  • the pressure shoulder is arranged in a pressure chamber 17 which is formed between the nozzle needle 8 and the nozzle body 2.
  • On the pressure shoulder 16 is followed by a guide portion 18 which is guided in the guide bore 6 movable back and forth.
  • a fluid connection between the pressure chamber 17 and a nozzle spring chamber 22 is provided.
  • the nozzle spring chamber 22 is connected via a connecting channel 24, which is formed in the intermediate body 3, in communication with an actuator chamber 25, which in turn is connected via an inlet channel or an inlet line 26 to a high-pressure fuel source 28, which is also referred to as a common rail ,
  • the fuel injector is actuated by a piezoactuator 30 with a coupler piston 32 whose end face close to the combustion chamber limits a partial coupling space 34 in the axial direction.
  • a sealing sleeve 35 which is guided on the coupler piston 32 and biased by a compression spring 36 which bears on a collar 37 of the coupler piston 32 is supported.
  • the partial coupling space 34 communicates via a connecting channel 38, which is equipped with a throttle 39, with another partial coupling space 40 in connection.
  • the guide portion 18 of the nozzle needle 8 is bounded away from the combustion chamber by a collar 44, from which the combustion chamber remote end 45 of the nozzle needle 8 goes out.
  • the combustion chamber remote end 45 of the nozzle needle 8 has a first guide portion 46 and a second guide portion 47.
  • the first guide portion 46 has a smaller outer diameter than the second guide portion 47, which extends from the collar 44.
  • the two guide sections 46 and 47 are connected to one another by a shoulder 50, which has the low-pressure surface, which is therefore also designated by 50.
  • the combustion chamber remote end 45 of the nozzle needle 8 is guided with its guide portions 46 and 47 in a double guide body 55 which is fixedly connected to the intermediate body 3, which is also referred to as an intermediate plate.
  • a pressure connection channel 52 is recessed, which opens in the region of the shoulder 50 in an annular space which is formed between the combustion chamber distal end 45 and the double guide body 55.
  • An arrow 53 indicates that the low-pressure connection channel 52 communicates with a low-pressure source, for example a fuel tank.
  • the double guide body 55 has the shape of a sleeve which extends from the intermediate body 3 to the combustion chamber. room extends. Between the combustion chamber near end face of the double guide body 55 and the collar 44, a nozzle spring 60 is clamped.
  • the nozzle spring 60 is, like the Doppel Operationsskör- per 55, arranged in the high-pressure chamber 22, which is therefore also referred to as a nozzle spring chamber.
  • the partial coupling spaces 34 and 40 high pressure, which is also referred to as rail pressure.
  • the high pressure acts on the combustion chamber remote end face of the nozzle needle 8. This end face is also referred to as the control pressure surface 61.
  • the pressurized at its control pressure surface 61 high pressure nozzle needle 8 is closed.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 30 is charged when the fuel injector is at rest and has its maximum longitudinal extent. To control the Kraftstoffinj ector of the piezoelectric actuator 30 is discharged and retracts it.
  • the pressure in the partial coupling chambers 34 and 40 drops and the nozzle needle opens, that is, lifts off from its nozzle needle seat.
  • a needle stop is provided for limiting the stroke.
  • the reduced switching force necessary for needle opening preferably halved.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 30 only has to have approximately half the cross-sectional area in order to apply the force required to open the needle.
  • a higher, for example double, path ratio and a shorter actuator can be used.
  • the nozzle needle 8 is not pressure-balanced in the opened state, but acted upon by a force acting in the opening direction. This force must be applied by the piezoelectric actuator 30 for needle closing.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 30 can apply the same tensile and compressive force.
  • the inventive design of the injector, the working capacity of the actuator can be optimally utilized.
  • the force K is plotted against the stroke H in a Cartesian coordinate diagram.
  • a circle 71 the idle state of the injector is referred to, in which the actuator has its maximum stroke.
  • the second position or opening position of the injector is referred to, in which the actuator has its minimum stroke.
  • a dashed quadrilateral 74 the working lines of the actuator 30 of the fuel injector shown in Figure 1 are shown schematically.
  • the normal operating range of conventional direct needle control fuel injectors is indicated by a triangle 75.
  • a triangle 76 of the extended working range of the fuel injector according to the invention is indicated.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fuel injector with an injector housing (1) which has a high-pressure fuel connection which is connected to a central high-pressure fuel source (28) outside the injector housing (1) and with a pressure space (17) within the injector housing (1). According to the pressure in a coupling space, fuel under a high pressure is injected from the pressure space (17) into a combustion space of an internal combustion engine when a nozzle valve (8) opens which has a combustion space-remote end (45) with a control pressure surface (61) which is acted upon in the coupling space by the coupling space pressure. In order to create a fuel injector which can be produced inexpensively, the nozzle valve (8) has at least one low-pressure surface (50) which is averted from the combustion space and acted upon with low pressure.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Titeltitle
Kraftstoffinjektorfuel injector
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kraftstoffinjektor gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Es ist bekannt zur Einbringung von Kraftstoff in direkteinspritzende Dieselmotoren hubgesteuerte Kraftstoffinj ektoren zu verwenden. Das hat den Vorteil, dass der Einspritzdruck an Last und Drehzahl angepasst werden kann. Die Ansteuerung der Injektoren kann durch einen Piezoaktor direkt oder unter Zwischenschaltung eines Servo-Steuerraums erfolgen.It is known for the introduction of fuel in direct injection diesel engines to use Hubgesteuerte Kraftstoffinj sectors. This has the advantage that the injection pressure can be adapted to load and speed. The actuation of the injectors can be done by a piezoelectric actuator directly or with the interposition of a servo control chamber.
Offenbarung der ErfindungDisclosure of the invention
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Kraftstoffinjektor gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 zu schaffen, der kostengünstig herstellbar ist.The object of the invention is to provide a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1, which is inexpensive to produce.
Die Aufgabe ist bei einem Kraftstoffinjektor mit einem Injektorgehäuse, das einen Kraftstoffhoch- druckanschluss aufweist, der mit einer zentralen Kraftstoffhochdruckquelle außerhalb des Injektorgehäuses und mit einem Druckraum innerhalb des Injektorgehäuses in Verbindung steht, aus dem, in Abhängigkeit von dem Druck in einem Kopplungsraum, mit Hochdruck beaufschlagter Kraftstoff in einen Brennraum einer Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt wird, wenn eine Düsennadel öffnet, die ein brennraumfer- nes Ende mit einer Steuerdruckfläche aufweist, die in dem Kopplungsraum mit Kopplungsraumdruck beauf- schlagt ist, dadurch gelöst, dass die Düsennadel oder ein mit der Düsennadel wirkverbundenes Element mindestens eine dem Brennraum abgewandte Niederdruckfläche aufweist, die mit Niederdruck beaufschlagt ist. Der erfindungsgemäße Injektor kann mit einer ziehenden und einer drückenden Arbeitsphase betrieben werden. Das liefert den Vorteil, dass die Größe eines zum Betätigen des Injektors verwendeten Aktors, insbesondere eines Piezoaktors, im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Injektoren reduziert werden kann. Durch die zusätzliche Niederdruckfläche, die vorzugsweise an der Düsennadeloberseite angeordnet und entgegen der Schließrichtung gerichtet ist, wird die zum Öffnen der Düsennadel benötigte Öffnungskraft reduziert. In Abhängigkeit von dem Ver- hältnis der Größe der Steuerdruckfläche und/oder der Brennraumdurckflache zu der Größe der Niederdruckfläche wird im geöffneten Zustand der Düsennadel eine Schließkraft benötigt, um die Düsennadel zu schließen. Gemäß der Erfindung wird die bei her- kömmlichen Injektoren auftretende große Öffnungskraft auf die Öffnungs- und Schließphase der Düsennadel aufgeteilt. Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Verteilung im Bereich 50 zu 50. Durch die reduzierte Öffnungskraft der Düsennadel werden weiterhin Steifigkeitsverluste in den hydraulischen und mechanischen Übertragungselementen verringert. Die Düsennadel kann ein- oder mehrteilig ausgebildet sein. Die Düsennadel kann des Weiteren mit einem zusätzlichen Element wirkverbunden sein. Das weitere Element kann mechanisch oder hydraulisch mit der Düsennadel gekoppelt sein.The object is with a fuel injector with an injector housing, which has a high-pressure fuel connection, which with a central High-pressure fuel source outside of the injector and is in communication with a pressure space within the injector, from which, depending on the pressure in a coupling space, high-pressure fuel is injected into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine when a nozzle needle opens, which is a brennraumfer- nes end having a control pressure surface which is acted upon in the coupling space with coupling space pressure, achieved in that the nozzle needle or an element operatively connected to the nozzle needle at least one low pressure surface facing away from the combustion chamber, which is acted upon by low pressure. The injector according to the invention can be operated with a pulling and a pushing working phase. This provides the advantage that the size of an actuator used for actuating the injector, in particular a piezoelectric actuator, in comparison to conventional injectors can be reduced. Due to the additional low pressure surface, which is preferably arranged on the nozzle needle top and directed against the closing direction, the opening force required to open the nozzle needle is reduced. Depending on the ratio of the size of the control pressure surface and / or the Brennraumdurckflache to the size of the low pressure surface, a closing force is required in the open state of the nozzle needle to close the nozzle needle. According to the invention, the large opening force occurring in conventional injectors is divided between the opening and closing phases of the nozzle needle. Particularly advantageous is a distribution in the range 50 to 50. Due to the reduced opening force of the nozzle needle will continue Reduces stiffness losses in the hydraulic and mechanical transmission elements. The nozzle needle may be formed one or more parts. The nozzle needle may further be operatively connected to an additional element. The further element can be mechanically or hydraulically coupled to the nozzle needle.
Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstof- finjektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Niederdruckfläche kleiner als eine am brennraumna- hen Ende der Düsennadel vorgesehene Brennraumdruck- flache ist. Die Brennraumdruckflache wird durch einen an dem brennraumnahen Ende der Düsennadel vor- gesehenen Dichtsitz definiert. Die dem Brennraum zugewandte und von dem Dichtsitz begrenzte Druckfläche an der Düsennadel wird als Brennraumdruck- flache bezeichnet.A preferred exemplary embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the low-pressure surface is smaller than a combustion chamber pressure surface provided at the combustion chamber near end of the nozzle needle. The combustion chamber pressure surface is defined by a sealing seat provided at the end of the nozzle needle close to the combustion chamber. The combustion chamber facing and limited by the sealing seat pressure surface on the nozzle needle is referred to as Brennraumdruck- flat.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstoffinj ektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Niederdruckfläche etwa halb so groß wie die Brennraumdruckflache ist. Dadurch wird das Leistungsvermögen eines zum Betätigen des Injektors verwendeten Aktors, insbesondere eines Piezoaktors, optimal ausgenutzt und die notwendige Aktorgröße kann ungefähr halbiert werden.Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the low-pressure surface is approximately half the size of the combustion chamber pressure surface. As a result, the performance of an actuator used for actuating the injector, in particular a piezoelectric actuator, optimally utilized and the necessary actuator size can be approximately halved.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstoffinjektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düsennadel an ihrem brennraumfernen Ende einen Absatz aufweist, der die Niederdruckfläche bildet. Das brennraumferne Ende der Düsennadel hat vorzugsweise die Gestalt eines geraden Kreiszylin- - A -Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the nozzle needle has a shoulder at its end remote from the combustion chamber which forms the low-pressure surface. The end of the nozzle needle remote from the combustion chamber preferably has the shape of a straight circular cylinder. - A -
ders, an dem der Absatz ausgebildet ist. Der Absatz hat, im Querschnitt betrachtet, die Gestalt einer Stufe.of which the paragraph is formed. The paragraph, viewed in cross section, has the shape of a step.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstoffinjektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Absatz zwischen einem ersten Führungsabschnitt, der sich von dem Brennraum weg erstreckt, und einem zweiten Führungsabschnitt vorgesehen ist, der sich zum Brennraum hin erstreckt. Die beiden Führungsabschnitte bilden eine Doppelführung für die Düsennadel. Die Düsennadel weist zwischen ihrem brennraumnahen Ende und der Doppelführung einen weiteren Führungsabschnitt auf, durch den die Dü- sennadel in dem Injektorgehäuse geführt ist.Another preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the shoulder is provided between a first guide portion extending away from the combustion chamber and a second guide portion extending toward the combustion chamber. The two guide sections form a double guide for the nozzle needle. The nozzle needle has between its combustion chamber near the end and the double guide to another guide section through which the nozzle needle is guided in the injector.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstoffinjektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das brennraumferne Ende der Düsennadel mit den beiden Führungsabschnitten in einem Doppelführungskörper geführt ist, der komplementär zu den Führungsabschnitten ausgebildet ist. Der Doppelführungskörper ist fest, vorzugsweise einstückig, mit einem Teil des Injektorgehäuses, zum Beispiel einer Zwischenplatte, verbunden.Another preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the combustion chamber remote end of the nozzle needle is guided with the two guide portions in a double guide body which is complementary to the guide portions. The double guide body is fixed, preferably in one piece, to a part of the injector housing, for example an intermediate plate.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstoffinjektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Doppelführungskörper einen Absatz auf- weist, im Bereich dessen ein Niederdruckkanal mündet. Der Niederdruckkanal steht mit einer Niederdruckquelle, wie einem Kraftstofftank in Verbindung. Über den Niederdruckkanal wird die Nieder- druckfläche mit Niederdruck, zum Beispiel Umgebungsdruck, beaufschlagt.A further preferred exemplary embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the double guide body has a shoulder, in the region of which a low-pressure channel opens. The low pressure passage communicates with a low pressure source such as a fuel tank. The low pressure channel pressure surface with low pressure, for example, ambient pressure, applied.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstoffinj ektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Doppelführungskörper hülsenförmig ausgebildet und in einem Hochdruckraum angeordnet ist. Durch die Beaufschlagung des Doppelführungskörpers mit Hochdruck von außen kann auf einfache Art und Weise eine unerwünschte Aufweitung der Führungen durch den hohen Systemdruck vermieden werden. Außerdem können so die Verlustmengen gering gehalten werden .Another preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the double guide body is sleeve-shaped and arranged in a high-pressure chamber. By applying the double guide body with high pressure from the outside can be avoided in a simple manner an undesirable widening of the guides by the high system pressure. In addition, the loss amounts can be kept low.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstoffinjektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kopplungsraum in radialer Richtung durch den Doppelführungskörper und in axialer Richtung zum Brennraum hin durch die Düsennadel begrenzt ist. Der Kopplungsraum wird in axialer Richtung vom Brennraum weg durch einen Kopplerkolben begrenzt, der mit einem Aktor, insbesondere einem Piezoaktor, verbunden ist.A further preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the coupling space is limited in the radial direction by the double guide body and in the axial direction to the combustion chamber through the nozzle needle. The coupling space is bounded away from the combustion chamber in the axial direction by a coupler piston, which is connected to an actuator, in particular a piezoelectric actuator.
Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Kraftstoffinjektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kopplungsraum in Teilkopplungsräume unterteilt ist, die über eine Drossel miteinander in Verbindung stehen. Dadurch kann das Schwingungsver- halten des Injektors optimiert werden. Außerdem kann die Nadelöffnungsgeschwindigkeit durch die Drossel eingestellt werden.A further preferred embodiment of the fuel injector is characterized in that the coupling space is subdivided into partial coupling spaces, which communicate with each other via a throttle. As a result, the vibration behavior of the injector can be optimized. In addition, the needle opening speed can be adjusted by the throttle.
Kurze Beschreibung der Zeichnungen Es zeigen :Brief description of the drawings Show it :
Figur 1 eine vereinfachte Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektors im Längsschnitt undFigure 1 is a simplified representation of a fuel injector according to the invention in longitudinal section and
Figur 2 ein Kraft/Hub-Diagramm, in dem die Arbeitslinien eines Aktors des Kraftstoffinjektors schematisch dargestellt sind.Figure 2 is a force / stroke diagram in which the working lines of an actuator of the fuel injector are shown schematically.
Ausführungsformen der ErfindungEmbodiments of the invention
In Figur 1 ist ein Kraftstoffinjektor mit einem Injektorgehäuse 1 im Längsschnitt dargestellt. Das Injektorgehäuse 1 umfasst einen Düsenkörper 2, der mit seinem unteren freien Ende in einen Brennraum einer mit Kraftstoff zu versorgenden Brennkraftmaschine ragt. Mit seiner oberen brennraumfernen Stirnfläche ist der Düsenkörper 2 mittels einer (nicht dargestellten) Spannmutter axial gegen einen Zwischenkörper 3 und einen Injektorkörper 4 verspannt. Der Injektorkörper 4 hat im Wesentlichen die Gestalt einer kreiszylindermantelförmigen Hülse, deren eine Stirnseite durch den Zwischenkörper 3 und deren andere Stirnseite durch einen Injektorkopf 5 abgeschlossen ist.FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a fuel injector with an injector housing 1. The injector housing 1 comprises a nozzle body 2, which projects with its lower free end into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine to be supplied with fuel. With its upper end remote from the combustion chamber, the nozzle body 2 is clamped axially against an intermediate body 3 and an injector body 4 by means of a clamping nut (not shown). The injector body 4 has substantially the shape of a circular cylinder jacket-shaped sleeve, whose one end face is closed by the intermediate body 3 and the other end face by an injector head 5.
In dem Düsenkörper 2 ist eine axiale Führungsbohrung 6 ausgespart, in der eine Düsennadel 8 axial verschiebbar geführt ist. An der Spitze 9 der Düsennadel 8 ist eine Dichtkante 10 ausgebildet, die mit einem Dichtsitz beziehungsweise einer Dichtfläche 11 zusammenwirkt, um zwei Spritzlöcher 13 und 14 in Abhängigkeit von der Stellung der Düsennadel 8 gezielt freizugeben oder zu verschließen. Wenn die Düsennadelspitze 9 mit der Dichtkante 10 von ihrem Dichtsitz abhebt, dann wird mit Hochdruck beaufschlagter Kraftstoff durch die Spritzlöcher 13 und 14 in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt .In the nozzle body 2, an axial guide bore 6 is recessed, in which a nozzle needle 8 is guided axially displaceable. At the top 9 of the nozzle needle 8, a sealing edge 10 is formed, which cooperates with a sealing seat or a sealing surface 11 to two injection holes 13 and 14 in dependence on the position of the nozzle needle 8 specifically release or close. When the nozzle needle tip 9 lifts off from its sealing seat with the sealing edge 10, high-pressure fuel is injected through the injection holes 13 and 14 into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
Ausgehend von der Spitze 9 weist die Düsennadel 8 einen Druckraumabschnitt 15 auf, auf den ein sich kegelstumpfartig erweiternder Abschnitt 16 folgt, der auch als Druckschulter bezeichnet wird. Die Druckschulter ist in einem Druckraum 17 angeordnet, der zwischen der Düsennadel 8 und dem Düsenkörper 2 ausgebildet ist. Auf die Druckschulter 16 folgt ein Führungsabschnitt 18, der in der Führungsbohrung 6 hin und her bewegbar geführt ist. Durch Abflachungen 19, 20 an dem Führungsabschnitt 18 wird eine Fluidverbindung zwischen dem Druckraum 17 und einem Düsenfederraum 22 geschaffen.Starting from the tip 9, the nozzle needle 8 has a pressure chamber section 15, followed by a truncated conical widening section 16, which is also referred to as a pressure shoulder. The pressure shoulder is arranged in a pressure chamber 17 which is formed between the nozzle needle 8 and the nozzle body 2. On the pressure shoulder 16 is followed by a guide portion 18 which is guided in the guide bore 6 movable back and forth. By flattening 19, 20 on the guide portion 18, a fluid connection between the pressure chamber 17 and a nozzle spring chamber 22 is provided.
Der Düsenfederraum 22 steht über einen Verbindungskanal 24, der in dem Zwischenkörper 3 ausgebildet ist, mit einem Aktorraum 25 in Verbindung, der wiederum über einen Zulaufkanal oder eine Zulauflei- tung 26 mit einer Kraftstoffhochdruckquelle 28 in Verbindung steht, die auch als Common Rail bezeichnet wird. Der Kraftstoffinjektor wird mit einem Piezoaktor 30 mit einem Kopplerkolben 32 betätigt, dessen brennraumnahe Stirnfläche einen Teilkopp- lungsraum 34 in axialer Richtung begrenzt. In radialer Richtung wird der Teilkopplungsraum 30 durch eine Dichthülse 35 begrenzt, die an dem Kopplerkolben 32 geführt und durch eine Druckfeder 36 vorgespannt ist, die sich an einem Bund 37 des Koppler- kolbens 32 abstützt. Der Teilkopplungsraum 34 steht über einen Verbindungskanal 38, der mit einer Drossel 39 ausgestattet ist, mit einem weiteren Teilkopplungsraum 40 in Verbindung.The nozzle spring chamber 22 is connected via a connecting channel 24, which is formed in the intermediate body 3, in communication with an actuator chamber 25, which in turn is connected via an inlet channel or an inlet line 26 to a high-pressure fuel source 28, which is also referred to as a common rail , The fuel injector is actuated by a piezoactuator 30 with a coupler piston 32 whose end face close to the combustion chamber limits a partial coupling space 34 in the axial direction. In the radial direction of the sub-coupling space 30 is limited by a sealing sleeve 35 which is guided on the coupler piston 32 and biased by a compression spring 36 which bears on a collar 37 of the coupler piston 32 is supported. The partial coupling space 34 communicates via a connecting channel 38, which is equipped with a throttle 39, with another partial coupling space 40 in connection.
Der Führungsabschnitt 18 der Düsennadel 8 wird vom Brennraum weg durch einen Bund 44 begrenzt, von dem das brennraumferne Ende 45 der Düsennadel 8 ausgeht. Das brennraumferne Ende 45 der Düsennadel 8 weist einen ersten Führungsabschnitt 46 und einen zweiten Führungsabschnitt 47 auf. Der erste Führungsabschnitt 46 weist einen geringeren Außendurchmesser als der zweite Führungsabschnitt 47 auf, der von dem Bund 44 ausgeht. Die beiden Füh- rungsabschnitte 46 und 47 sind durch einen Absatz 50 miteinander verbunden, der die Niederdruckfläche aufweist, die daher ebenfalls mit 50 bezeichnet ist .The guide portion 18 of the nozzle needle 8 is bounded away from the combustion chamber by a collar 44, from which the combustion chamber remote end 45 of the nozzle needle 8 goes out. The combustion chamber remote end 45 of the nozzle needle 8 has a first guide portion 46 and a second guide portion 47. The first guide portion 46 has a smaller outer diameter than the second guide portion 47, which extends from the collar 44. The two guide sections 46 and 47 are connected to one another by a shoulder 50, which has the low-pressure surface, which is therefore also designated by 50.
Das brennraumferne Ende 45 der Düsennadel 8 ist mit seinen Führungsabschnitten 46 und 47 in einem Doppelführungskörper 55 geführt, der fest mit dem Zwischenkörper 3 verbunden ist, der auch als Zwischenplatte bezeichnet wird. In dem Zwischenkörper 3 und dem Doppelführungskörper 55 ist ein Druckverbindungskanal 52 ausgespart, der im Bereich des Absatzes 50 in einen Ringraum mündet, der zwischen dem brennraumfernen Ende 45 und dem Doppelführungskörper 55 ausgebildet ist. Durch einen Pfeil 53 ist angedeutet, dass der Niederdruckverbindungskanal 52 mit einer Niederdruckquelle, zum Beispiel einem Kraftstofftank, in Verbindung steht.The combustion chamber remote end 45 of the nozzle needle 8 is guided with its guide portions 46 and 47 in a double guide body 55 which is fixedly connected to the intermediate body 3, which is also referred to as an intermediate plate. In the intermediate body 3 and the double guide body 55, a pressure connection channel 52 is recessed, which opens in the region of the shoulder 50 in an annular space which is formed between the combustion chamber distal end 45 and the double guide body 55. An arrow 53 indicates that the low-pressure connection channel 52 communicates with a low-pressure source, for example a fuel tank.
Der Doppelführungskörper 55 hat die Gestalt einer Hülse, die sich von dem Zwischenkörper 3 zum Brenn- raum hin erstreckt. Zwischen der brennraumnahen Stirnfläche des Doppelführungskörpers 55 und dem Bund 44 ist eine Düsenfeder 60 eingespannt. Die Düsenfeder 60 ist, ebenso wie der Doppelführungskör- per 55, in dem Hochdruckraum 22 angeordnet, der daher auch als Düsenfederraum bezeichnet wird.The double guide body 55 has the shape of a sleeve which extends from the intermediate body 3 to the combustion chamber. room extends. Between the combustion chamber near end face of the double guide body 55 and the collar 44, a nozzle spring 60 is clamped. The nozzle spring 60 is, like the Doppelführungskör- per 55, arranged in the high-pressure chamber 22, which is therefore also referred to as a nozzle spring chamber.
Die Düsennadel 8 ist durch den Führungsabschnitt 18 im Schaft in dem Düsenkörper 2 und durch die Füh- rungsabschnitte 46 und 47 an dem brennraumfernen Ende 45 in dem Doppelführungskörper 55 geführt. Die Auslegung der Niederdruckfläche 50 richtet sich nach dem Nadelsitz an der Spitze 9 der Düsennadel 8 und beträgt einen Anteil einer Brennraumdruckflache 62 unterhalb des Nadelsitzes.The nozzle needle 8 is guided through the guide section 18 in the shaft in the nozzle body 2 and through the guide sections 46 and 47 at the combustion chamber distal end 45 in the double guide body 55. The design of the low pressure surface 50 depends on the needle seat at the tip 9 of the nozzle needle 8 and is a proportion of a combustion chamber pressure surface 62 below the needle seat.
Im Ruhezustand des Kraftstoffinjektors herrscht in den Teilkopplungsräumen 34 und 40 Hochdruck, der auch als Raildruck bezeichnet wird. Der Hochdruck wirkt auf die brennraumferne Stirnfläche der Düsennadel 8. Diese Stirnfläche wird auch als Steuerdruckfläche 61 bezeichnet. Die an ihrer Steuerdruckfläche 61 mit Hochdruck beaufschlagte Düsennadel 8 ist geschlossen. Der Piezoaktor 30 ist im Ru- hezustand des Kraftstoffinjektors aufgeladen und hat seine maximale Längsausdehnung. Zur Ansteuerung des Kraftstoffinj ektors wird der Piezoaktor 30 entladen und zieht sich dabei zurück. Der Druck in den Teilkopplungsräumen 34 und 40 fällt ab und die Dü- sennadel öffnet, das heißt hebt von ihrem Düsenna- delsitz ab. Vorteilhafterweise ist ein Nadelanschlag zur Hubbegrenzung vorgesehen.In the idle state of the fuel injector prevails in the partial coupling spaces 34 and 40 high pressure, which is also referred to as rail pressure. The high pressure acts on the combustion chamber remote end face of the nozzle needle 8. This end face is also referred to as the control pressure surface 61. The pressurized at its control pressure surface 61 high pressure nozzle needle 8 is closed. The piezoelectric actuator 30 is charged when the fuel injector is at rest and has its maximum longitudinal extent. To control the Kraftstoffinj ector of the piezoelectric actuator 30 is discharged and retracts it. The pressure in the partial coupling chambers 34 and 40 drops and the nozzle needle opens, that is, lifts off from its nozzle needle seat. Advantageously, a needle stop is provided for limiting the stroke.
Durch den mit Niederdruck beaufschlagten Absatz 50, der auch als Druckstufe bezeichnet wird, wird die zum Nadelöffnen notwendige Schaltkraft reduziert, vorzugsweise halbiert. Das hat den Vorteil, dass der Piezoaktor 30, im Vergleich mit herkömmlichen Aktoren, nur etwa die halbe Querschnittsfläche auf- weisen muss, um die zum Nadelöffnen erforderliche Kraft aufzubringen. Alternativ kann auch eine höhere, zum Beispiel doppelte, Wegübersetzung und ein kürzerer Aktor verwendet werden. Im Unterschied zu herkömmlichen Kraftstoffinjektoren ist die Düsenna- del 8 im geöffneten Zustand nicht druckausgeglichen, sondern durch eine in Öffnungsrichtung wirkende Kraft beaufschlagt. Diese Kraft muss zum Nadelschließen von dem Piezoaktor 30 aufgebracht werden. Innerhalb eines Arbeitszyklus kann der Piezo- aktor 30 dieselbe Zug- und Druckkraft aufbringen. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Gestaltung des Injektors kann das Arbeitsvermögen des Aktors optimal ausgeschöpft werden.By acted upon with low pressure paragraph 50, which is also referred to as a pressure level, the reduced switching force necessary for needle opening, preferably halved. This has the advantage that, in comparison with conventional actuators, the piezoelectric actuator 30 only has to have approximately half the cross-sectional area in order to apply the force required to open the needle. Alternatively, a higher, for example double, path ratio and a shorter actuator can be used. In contrast to conventional fuel injectors, the nozzle needle 8 is not pressure-balanced in the opened state, but acted upon by a force acting in the opening direction. This force must be applied by the piezoelectric actuator 30 for needle closing. Within one working cycle, the piezoelectric actuator 30 can apply the same tensile and compressive force. The inventive design of the injector, the working capacity of the actuator can be optimally utilized.
In Figur 2 ist in einem kartesischen Koordinatendiagramm die Kraft K über dem Hub H aufgetragen. Durch einen Kreis 71 ist der Ruhezustand des Injektors bezeichnet, in dem der Aktor seinen maximalen Hub aufweist. Mit 72 ist die zweite Stellung oder Öffnungsstellung des Injektors bezeichnet, in welcher der Aktor seinen minimalen Hub aufweist. Durch ein gestricheltes Viereck 74 sind die Arbeitslinien des Aktors 30 des in Figur 1 dargestellten Kraftstoffinjektors schematisch dargestellt. Der normale Arbeitsbereich von herkömmlichen Kraftstoffinjektoren mit direkter Nadelsteuerung ist durch ein Dreieck 75 bezeichnet. Durch ein Dreieck 76 ist der erweiterte Arbeitsbereich des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffinjektors angedeutet. In FIG. 2, the force K is plotted against the stroke H in a Cartesian coordinate diagram. By a circle 71, the idle state of the injector is referred to, in which the actuator has its maximum stroke. With 72, the second position or opening position of the injector is referred to, in which the actuator has its minimum stroke. By a dashed quadrilateral 74, the working lines of the actuator 30 of the fuel injector shown in Figure 1 are shown schematically. The normal operating range of conventional direct needle control fuel injectors is indicated by a triangle 75. By a triangle 76 of the extended working range of the fuel injector according to the invention is indicated.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Kraftstoffinj ektor mit einem Injektorgehäuse (1), das einen Kraftstoffhochdruckanschluss aufweist, der mit einer zentralen Kraftstoffhochdruck- quelle (28) außerhalb des Injektorgehäuses (1) und mit einem Druckraum (17) innerhalb des Injektorsgehäuses (1) in Verbindung steht, aus dem, in Abhängigkeit von dem Druck in einem Kopplungsraum, mit Hochdruck beaufschlagter Kraftstoff in einen Brenn- räum einer Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt wird, wenn eine Düsennadel (8) öffnet, die ein brennraum- fernes Ende (45) mit einer Steuerdruckfläche (61) aufweist, die in dem Kopplungsraum mit Kopplungsraumdruck beaufschlagt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düsennadel (8) oder ein mit der Düsennadel (8) wirkverbundenes Element mindestens eine dem Brennraum abgewandte Niederdruckfläche (50) aufweist, die mit Niederdruck beaufschlagt ist.1. Fuel injector with an injector (1) having a high-pressure fuel port, which communicates with a central fuel high-pressure source (28) outside the injector housing (1) and with a pressure chamber (17) within the injector housing (1) in connection which, depending on the pressure in a coupling space, is injected with high-pressure fuel into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine when a nozzle needle (8) opens which has a combustion chamber-remote end (45) with a control pressure surface (61), which is acted upon in the coupling space with coupling space pressure, characterized in that the nozzle needle (8) or with the nozzle needle (8) operatively connected element has at least one remote from the combustion chamber low pressure surface (50) which is acted upon by low pressure.
2. Kraftstoffinj ektor nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Niederdruckfläche (50) kleiner als eine am brennraumnahen Ende der Düsennadel vorgesehene Brennraumdruckflache (62) ist.2. Kraftstoffinj ector according to claim 1, characterized in that the low pressure surface (50) is smaller than a provided at the combustion chamber near the end of the nozzle needle combustion chamber pressure surface (62).
3. Kraftstoffinjektor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Niederdruckfläche (50) etwa halb so groß wie die Brennraumdruckflache (62) ist. 3. Fuel injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the low pressure surface (50) is about half the size of the combustion chamber pressure surface (62).
4. Kraftstoffinj ektor nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düsennadel (8) an ihrem brennraumfernen Ende (45) einen Absatz (55) aufweist, der die Niederdruckfläche bildet.4. fuel injector according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nozzle needle (8) at its combustion chamber remote end (45) has a shoulder (55) which forms the low pressure surface.
5. Kraftstoffinj ektor nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Absatz (55) zwischen einem ersten Führungsabschnitt (46), der sich vom Brenn- räum weg erstreckt, und einem zweiten Führungsabschnitt (47) vorgesehen ist, der sich zum Brennraum hin erstreckt.5. Fuel injector according to claim 4, characterized in that the shoulder (55) is provided between a first guide portion (46) extending away from the combustion chamber and a second guide portion (47) extending to the combustion chamber ,
6. Kraftstoffinjektor nach Anspruch 5, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass das brennraumferne Ende (45) der6. Fuel injector according to claim 5, character- ized in that the combustion chamber remote end (45) of the
Düsennadel (8) mit den beiden Führungsabschnitten (46,47) in einem Doppelführungskörper (55) geführt ist, der komplementär zu den Führungsabschnitten (46,47) ausgebildet ist.Nozzle needle (8) with the two guide portions (46,47) in a double guide body (55) is guided, which is complementary to the guide portions (46,47) is formed.
7. Kraftstoffinjektor nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Doppelführungskörper (55) einen Absatz aufweist, im Bereich dessen ein Niederdruckkanal (52) mündet.7. Fuel injector according to claim 6, characterized in that the double guide body (55) has a shoulder, in the region of which a low-pressure channel (52) opens.
8. Kraftstoffinjektor nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Doppelführungskörper8. Fuel injector according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the double guide body
(55) hülsenförmig ausgebildet und in einem Hochdruckraum (22) angeordnet ist.(55) sleeve-shaped and arranged in a high-pressure chamber (22).
9. Kraftstoffinj ektor nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kopplungs- raum in radialer Richtung durch den Doppelführungs- körper (55) und in axialer Richtung zum Brennraum hin durch die Düsennadel (8) begrenzt ist.9. fuel injector according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the coupling space in the radial direction through the double guide body (55) and in the axial direction to the combustion chamber through the nozzle needle (8) is limited.
10. Kraftstoffinjektor nach einem der vorhergehen- den Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kopplungsraum in Teilkopplungsräume (34,40) unterteilt ist, die über eine Drossel (39) miteinander in Verbindung stehen. 10. Fuel injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling space is subdivided into partial coupling spaces (34, 40) which are connected to one another via a throttle (39).
EP07821687A 2006-12-22 2007-10-23 Fuel injector Not-in-force EP2106500B1 (en)

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DE102006062216A DE102006062216A1 (en) 2006-12-22 2006-12-22 fuel injector
PCT/EP2007/061323 WO2008077657A1 (en) 2006-12-22 2007-10-23 Fuel injector

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CN (1) CN101568716B (en)
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EP2106500B1 (en) 2013-02-27
WO2008077657A1 (en) 2008-07-03
US20090308956A1 (en) 2009-12-17
US8226018B2 (en) 2012-07-24
CN101568716A (en) 2009-10-28
CN101568716B (en) 2012-05-30
JP2010513781A (en) 2010-04-30
DE102006062216A1 (en) 2008-06-26
JP4971463B2 (en) 2012-07-11

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