EP1766225B1 - Common-rail injector - Google Patents

Common-rail injector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1766225B1
EP1766225B1 EP05749713.3A EP05749713A EP1766225B1 EP 1766225 B1 EP1766225 B1 EP 1766225B1 EP 05749713 A EP05749713 A EP 05749713A EP 1766225 B1 EP1766225 B1 EP 1766225B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
injector
actuator
nozzle needle
combustion chamber
chamber
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP05749713.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1766225A1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Boecking
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication of EP1766225A1 publication Critical patent/EP1766225A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/70—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger
    • F02M2200/703—Linkage between actuator and actuated element, e.g. between piezoelectric actuator and needle valve or pump plunger hydraulic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a common rail injector according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a control of an injector is referred to, in which the actuator is energized in retirement and is de-energized to open. In the de-energized state, the volume of the actuator decreases, so that the pressure in the control chamber decreases and lifts the nozzle needle from its seat. When the actuator is energized again, then closes the nozzle needle.
  • Conventional common rail injectors with direct and inverse control of the nozzle needle are complicated and require a relatively large amount of space.
  • a fuel injector is known with an actuator, which is in operative connection with an actuator piston, which with a first guide gap is guided.
  • the actuator piston is connected via a pressure medium in operative connection with a reciprocating piston, which is guided in a second guide gap.
  • a hydraulic device for transmitting an actuator movement with a transmission element is known, which establishes an operative connection between the actuator and an actuator.
  • a fuel injection valve with a hydraulic coupler which has a master piston and a slave piston.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a common rail injector according to the preamble of patent claim 1, which is simple in design and inexpensive to produce.
  • a common rail injector having the features of patent claim 1.
  • a stop for the coupler sleeve is created in a simple manner.
  • a direct control of the pressure in the control chamber is understood to mean the generation of a pressure drop and / or a pressure increase in the control chamber as a result of a deformation or a change in the volume of the actuator.
  • the combination according to the invention of a control chamber limiting sleeve with a coupler enables a compact solution without additional components, such as intermediate disks.
  • the sizes of the inner diameter of the nozzle needle guide portion and the Aktor Implementationsabites are chosen so that only a relatively small extension of the actuator for controlling the nozzle needle movement is required. This provides the advantage that relatively short actuators can be used.
  • a preferred embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the retaining disc is arranged in an annular space between the injector body and the actuator, which forms the fuel inlet, wherein the retaining plate has at least one through hole extending in the axial direction.
  • the through-hole allows the passage of high-pressure fuel supplied from the high-pressure fuel source.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the nozzle needle is guided only in a nozzle body. Due to the simple structure of the injector according to the invention further guidance of the nozzle needle in the injector is not required.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the coupler sleeve is supported at its combustion chamber remote end in the axial direction of the injector. This prevents the coupler sleeve from moving away from the combustion chamber in the injector housing.
  • the support on the injector housing is preferably designed so that a movement of the Coupler sleeve to the combustion chamber is possible. This simplifies assembly.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the nozzle body, for example by means of a clamping nut, is braced against an injector body having an Aktorabilityraum in which a shoulder is formed, on which the coupler sleeve is supported.
  • the shoulder forms a stop for the coupler sleeve in the axial direction.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the coupler sleeve is biased by a spring means in the axial direction against the injector.
  • the spring device serves to position the coupler sleeve in the idle state of the injector, that is to say, if no injection takes place, in particular on the shoulder of the actuator accommodating space.
  • Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the end of the spring device close to the combustion chamber is supported on the nozzle needle.
  • the spring device has two functions. On the one hand, it serves to position the coupler sleeve.
  • the spring device has the function of a nozzle spring, through which the nozzle needle is pressed in the resting state of the injector against its seat.
  • Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the end of the spring device close to the combustion chamber is supported on a spring plate, which in turn is supported on a shoulder which is formed on the nozzle needle. As a result, an easy-to-install attack surface for the spring device is created on the nozzle needle.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the actuator and the coupler sleeve are subjected to high pressure.
  • the actuator and the coupler sleeve float in the common rail pressure, which is above the fuel inlet provided by the high-pressure fuel source.
  • the accompanying figure shows an embodiment of a common rail injector according to the invention in longitudinal section.
  • the illustrated common rail injector has a generally designated 1 injector.
  • the injector housing 1 comprises a nozzle body 2, which projects with its lower free end into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to be supplied. With its upper, combustion chamber remote end face of the nozzle body 2 is clamped by means of a clamping nut 3 axially against an injector 4.
  • an axial guide bore 6 is recessed.
  • a nozzle needle 8 is guided displaceably.
  • a sealing edge 10 is formed, which cooperates with a sealing seat or with a sealing surface 11 which is formed on the nozzle body 2.
  • a spray hole 13 in the nozzle body 2 is closed.
  • the nozzle needle tip 9 with the Sealing edge 10 lifts from its sealing seat 11, then injected with high pressure fuel from the injector 1 through the injection hole 13 or more injection holes in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is injected.
  • the nozzle needle 8 has a frustoconical widening portion, which is followed by a pressure chamber portion 16, which has substantially the shape of a circular cylinder.
  • the sections 15 and 16 of the nozzle needle 8 are arranged in a pressure chamber 17, which is formed in the nozzle body 2.
  • the pressure chamber section 16 is followed by a guide section 18, through which the nozzle needle 8 is guided in the axial guide bore 6 in the nozzle body 2.
  • at least one flattening 20 is provided in the nozzle needle 8, via which the pressure chamber 17 is supplied with high-pressure fuel.
  • the combustion chamber distal end of the nozzle needle 8 has the shape of a circular cylinder which is guided in a sealing manner in a nozzle needle guide portion 26 of a coupler sleeve 28.
  • a step in the radial direction is formed to the outside, from the combustion chamber away an Aktor Operationssabterrorism 30 goes out.
  • the Aktor Resultssabites 30 has a larger inner diameter than the nozzle needle guide portion 26.
  • the combustion chamber near end 32 of an actuator 34 is performed in a sealing manner.
  • the actuator 34 is a piezoelectric actuator, in the energized state has a greater length or in the longitudinal direction has a larger volume than in the de-energized state.
  • the holding plate 38 is supported radially on the outside on a shoulder 36, which is formed in the injector body 4. Through the shoulder 36, a combustion chamber-near axial portion of the injector body 4 is separated from a combustion chamber remote axial portion of the injector body 4, which has a smaller inner diameter than the combustion chamber near section.
  • a shoulder 40 Radially outside a shoulder 40 is formed on the coupler sleeve 28, which separates a combustion chamber distant axial portion of a combustion chamber near the axial portion of the coupler sleeve 28, which has a smaller outer diameter than the combustion chamber remote section.
  • the combustion chamber remote end of a preloaded helical compression spring 41 At the shoulder 40 is the combustion chamber remote end of a preloaded helical compression spring 41, the combustion chamber near the end rests against a spring plate 43.
  • the helical compression spring 41 is thus clamped between the shoulder 40 of the coupler sleeve 28 and the spring plate 43, which is supported in the axial direction on a collar 44 of the nozzle needle 8.
  • the collar 44 is arranged in the axial direction between the flattening 20 and the combustion chamber remote end 24 of the nozzle needle 8.
  • the combustion chamber remote end 24 of the nozzle needle 8 protrudes into a central receiving space 46, which is formed at the combustion chamber remote end of the nozzle body 2 and has a larger inner diameter than the axial guide bore 6.
  • the central receiving space 46 merges into an actuator receiving space 49, which is formed at the end of the injector body 4 close to the combustion chamber and has the same inner diameter as the central receiving space 46.
  • the collar 44, the spring plate 43, the helical compression spring 41, the coupler sleeve 28, the combustion chamber remote end 24 of the nozzle needle 8 and the combustion chamber near end 32 of the actuator 34 are arranged ,
  • Aktorfactraum 49 opens a fuel inlet 50, which has substantially the shape of an annular space formed between the actuator 34 and the injector body 4.
  • the fuel inlet 50 is connected via a connecting line (not illustrated) to a central high-pressure fuel source outside the injector housing 1. From the fuel inlet 50 high-pressure fuel passes through at least one through hole 51, which is provided in the retaining washer 38, in the Aktorfactraum 49 and the central receiving space 46. From the central receiving space 46 of the high-pressure fuel passes the flattening 20 over in the pressure chamber 17th
  • Coupler sleeve 28 Between the combustion chamber facing the end face of the actuator 34 and the combustion chamber facing away from the end face of the nozzle needle 8 is within the Coupler sleeve 28 defines a control chamber 52, via the pressure of the opening and closing of the nozzle needle 8 is controlled. At rest, that is, when no injection occurs because the tip 9 of the nozzle needle 8 abuts with its sealing edge 10 on the sealing seat 11, the actuator 34 is energized. In the energized state, the actuator 34 displaces with its end 32 a larger volume in the control chamber 52 than in the de-energized state.
  • the piezoelectric actuator 34 is quasi retracted with its end 32 due to the piezoelectric effect or the reverse piezoelectric effect, that is moved away from the combustion chamber.
  • the volume of the control chamber 52 increases, whereby the pressure in the control chamber 52 decreases.
  • the pressure difference in the control chamber 52 between the energized and the de-energized state of the actuator 34 causes the nozzle needle 8 lifts due to the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber 17 high pressure with its tip 9 and the sealing edge 10 of the associated sealing seat 11, so that fuel off the pressure chamber 17 is injected through the injection hole 13 into the combustion chamber of the engine to be supplied.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Common-Rail-Injektor gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a common rail injector according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Wenn der Druck in dem Steuerraum durch einen Aktor, insbesondere einen Piezoaktor, gesteuert wird, dann spricht man auch von einer direkten Düsennadelsteuerung. Als inverse Ansteuerung wird eine Ansteuerung eines Injektors bezeichnet, bei der der Aktor im Ruhestand bestromt ist und zum Öffnen stromlos geschaltet wird. Im unbestromten Zustand verkleinert sich das Volumen des Aktors, so dass der Druck im Steuerraum sinkt und die Düsennadel von ihrem Sitz abhebt. Wenn der Aktor wieder bestromt wird, dann schließt die Düsennadel. Herkömmliche Common-Rail-Injektoren mit direkter und inverser Ansteuerung der Düsennadel sind kompliziert aufgebaut und benötigen relativ viel Bauraum.If the pressure in the control chamber is controlled by an actuator, in particular a piezoelectric actuator, then one speaks of a direct nozzle needle control. As inverse control, a control of an injector is referred to, in which the actuator is energized in retirement and is de-energized to open. In the de-energized state, the volume of the actuator decreases, so that the pressure in the control chamber decreases and lifts the nozzle needle from its seat. When the actuator is energized again, then closes the nozzle needle. Conventional common rail injectors with direct and inverse control of the nozzle needle are complicated and require a relatively large amount of space.

Aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 1 382 838 A2 ist ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einem Aktor bekannt, der in Wirkverbindung mit einem Aktorkolben steht, der mit einem ersten Führungsspalt geführt ist. Der Aktorkolben steht über ein Druckmedium in Wirkverbindung mit einem Hubkolben, der in einem zweiten Führungsspalt geführt ist. Aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 1 111 230 A2 ist eine hydraulische Vorrichtung zum Übertragen einer Aktorbewegung mit einem Übertragungselement bekannt, das eine Wirkverbindung zwischen dem Aktor und einem Stellglied herstellt. Aus der internationalen Veröffentlichung WO 03/081020 A1 ist ein Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einem hydraulischen Koppler bekannt, der einen Geberkolben sowie einen Nehmerkolben aufweist.From the European patent application EP 1 382 838 A2 a fuel injector is known with an actuator, which is in operative connection with an actuator piston, which with a first guide gap is guided. The actuator piston is connected via a pressure medium in operative connection with a reciprocating piston, which is guided in a second guide gap. From the European patent application EP 1 111 230 A2 a hydraulic device for transmitting an actuator movement with a transmission element is known, which establishes an operative connection between the actuator and an actuator. From the international release WO 03/081020 A1 a fuel injection valve with a hydraulic coupler is known which has a master piston and a slave piston.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Common-Rail-Injektor gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 zu schaffen, der einfach aufgebaut und kostengünstig herstellbar ist.The object of the invention is to provide a common rail injector according to the preamble of patent claim 1, which is simple in design and inexpensive to produce.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Die Aufgabe wird durch einen Common-Rail-Injektor mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Durch die Haltescheibe wird auf einfache Art und Weise ein Anschlag für die Kopplerhülse geschaffen. Im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung wird unter einem direkten Steuern des Drucks in dem Steuerraum das Erzeugen eines Druckabfalls und/oder eines Druckanstiegs in dem Steuerraum infolge einer Verformung beziehungsweise einer Volumenänderung des Aktors verstanden. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Kombination einer Steuerraumbegrenzungshülse mit einem Koppler wird eine kompakte Lösung ohne zusätzliche Bauteile, wie Zwischenscheiben, ermöglicht. Die Größen der Innendruchmesser des Düsennadelführungsabschnitts und des Aktorführungsabschnitts sind so gewählt, dass nur eine relativ kleine Ausdehnung des Aktors zum Steuern der Düsennadelbewegung erforderlich ist. Das liefert den Vorteil, dass relativ kurze Aktoren verwendet werden können.The object is achieved by a common rail injector having the features of patent claim 1. Through the retaining washer a stop for the coupler sleeve is created in a simple manner. In the context of the present invention, a direct control of the pressure in the control chamber is understood to mean the generation of a pressure drop and / or a pressure increase in the control chamber as a result of a deformation or a change in the volume of the actuator. The combination according to the invention of a control chamber limiting sleeve with a coupler enables a compact solution without additional components, such as intermediate disks. The sizes of the inner diameter of the nozzle needle guide portion and the Aktorführungsabschnitts are chosen so that only a relatively small extension of the actuator for controlling the nozzle needle movement is required. This provides the advantage that relatively short actuators can be used.

Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Injektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Haltescheibe in einem Ringraum zwischen dem Injektorkörper und dem Aktor angeordnet ist, der den Kraftstoffzulauf bildet, wobei die Haltescheibe mindestens ein Durchgangsloch aufweist, das in axialer Richtung verläuft. Das Durchgangsloch ermöglicht den Durchtritt von mit Hochdruck beaufschlagtem Kraftstoff, der von der Kraftstoffhochdruckquelle geliefert wird.A preferred embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the retaining disc is arranged in an annular space between the injector body and the actuator, which forms the fuel inlet, wherein the retaining plate has at least one through hole extending in the axial direction. The through-hole allows the passage of high-pressure fuel supplied from the high-pressure fuel source.

Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Injektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Düsennadel nur in einem Düsenkörper geführt ist. Aufgrund des einfachen Aufbaus des erfindungsgemäßen Injektors ist eine weitere Führung der Düsennadel in dem Injektorgehäuse nicht erforderlich.A further preferred embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the nozzle needle is guided only in a nozzle body. Due to the simple structure of the injector according to the invention further guidance of the nozzle needle in the injector is not required.

Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Injektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kopplerhülse an ihrem brennraumfernen Ende in axialer Richtung an dem Injektorgehäuse abgestützt ist. Dadurch wird verhindert, dass sich die Kopplerhülse in dem Injektorgehäuse von dem Brennraum weg bewegt. Die Abstützung an dem Injektorgehäuse ist vorzugsweise so ausgelegt, dass eine Bewegung der Kopplerhülse zum Brennraum hin möglich ist. Dadurch wird die Montage vereinfacht.A further preferred embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the coupler sleeve is supported at its combustion chamber remote end in the axial direction of the injector. This prevents the coupler sleeve from moving away from the combustion chamber in the injector housing. The support on the injector housing is preferably designed so that a movement of the Coupler sleeve to the combustion chamber is possible. This simplifies assembly.

Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Injektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Düsenkörper, zum Beispiel mit Hilfe einer Spannmutter, gegen einen Injektorkörper verspannt ist, der einen Aktoraufnahmeraum aufweist, in dem ein Absatz ausgebildet ist, an dem die Kopplerhülse abgestützt ist. Der Absatz bildet einen Anschlag für die Kopplerhülse in axialer Richtung.A further preferred embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the nozzle body, for example by means of a clamping nut, is braced against an injector body having an Aktoraufnahmeraum in which a shoulder is formed, on which the coupler sleeve is supported. The shoulder forms a stop for the coupler sleeve in the axial direction.

(Hieran schließen sich die ursprünglichen Seiten 5ff der Beschreibung in unveränderter Form an.)(This is followed by the original pages 5ff of the description in unmodified form.)

Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Injektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kopplerhülse durch eine Federeinrichtung in axialer Richtung gegen das Injektorgehäuse vorgespannt ist. Die Federeinrichtung dient dazu, die Kopplerhülse im Ruhezustand des Injektors, das heißt, wenn keine Einspritzung erfolgt, insbesondere an dem Absatz des Aktoraufnahmeraums zu positionieren.A further preferred embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the coupler sleeve is biased by a spring means in the axial direction against the injector. The spring device serves to position the coupler sleeve in the idle state of the injector, that is to say, if no injection takes place, in particular on the shoulder of the actuator accommodating space.

Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Injektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das brennraumnahe Ende der Federeinrichtung an der Düsennadel abgestützt ist. Die Federeinrichtung hat zwei Funktionen. Einerseits dient sie dazu, die Kopplerhülse zu positionieren. Darüber hinaus hat die Federeinrichtung die Funktion einer Düsenfeder, durch welche die Düsennadel im Ruhezustand des Injektors gegen ihren Sitz gedrückt wird.Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the end of the spring device close to the combustion chamber is supported on the nozzle needle. The spring device has two functions. On the one hand, it serves to position the coupler sleeve. In addition, the spring device has the function of a nozzle spring, through which the nozzle needle is pressed in the resting state of the injector against its seat.

Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Injektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das brennraumnahe Ende der Federeinrichtung an einem Federteller abgestützt ist, der sich wiederum an einem Absatz abstützt, der an der Düsennadel ausgebildet ist. Dadurch wird eine einfach zu montierende Angriffsfläche für die Federeinrichtung an der Düsennadel geschaffen.Another preferred exemplary embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the end of the spring device close to the combustion chamber is supported on a spring plate, which in turn is supported on a shoulder which is formed on the nozzle needle. As a result, an easy-to-install attack surface for the spring device is created on the nozzle needle.

Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des Injektors ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Aktor und die Kopplerhülse mit Hochdruck beaufschlagt sind. Der Aktor und die Kopplerhülse schwimmen in dem Common-Rail-Druck, der über den Kraftstoffzulauf von der Kraftstoffhochdruckquelle bereitgestellt wird.A further preferred embodiment of the injector is characterized in that the actuator and the coupler sleeve are subjected to high pressure. The actuator and the coupler sleeve float in the common rail pressure, which is above the fuel inlet provided by the high-pressure fuel source.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung ein Ausführungsbeispiel im Einzelnen beschrieben ist.Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description in which, with reference to the drawings, an embodiment is described in detail.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Die beiliegende Figur zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Common-Rail-Injektors im Längsschnitt. Der dargestellte Common-Rail-Injektor weist ein insgesamt mit 1 bezeichnetes Injektorgehäuse auf. Das Injektorgehäuse 1 umfasst einen Düsenkörper 2, der mit seinem unteren freien Ende in den Brennraum der zu versorgenden Brennkraftmaschine ragt. Mit seiner oberen, brennraumfernen Stirnfläche ist der Düsenkörper 2 mittels einer Spannmutter 3 axial gegen einen Injektorkörper 4 verspannt.The accompanying figure shows an embodiment of a common rail injector according to the invention in longitudinal section. The illustrated common rail injector has a generally designated 1 injector. The injector housing 1 comprises a nozzle body 2, which projects with its lower free end into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine to be supplied. With its upper, combustion chamber remote end face of the nozzle body 2 is clamped by means of a clamping nut 3 axially against an injector 4.

In dem Düsenkörper 2 ist eine axiale Führungsbohrung 6 ausgespart. In der Führungsbohrung 6 ist eine Düsennadel 8 verschiebbar geführt. An der Spitze der Düsennadel 8 ist eine Dichtkante 10 ausgebildet, die mit einem Dichtsitz beziehungsweise mit einer Dichtfläche 11 zusammenwirkt, der beziehungsweise die an dem Düsenkörper 2 ausgebildet ist. Wenn sich die Spitze 9 der Düsennadel 8 mit ihrer Dichtkante 10 in Anlage an dem Dichtsitz 11 befindet, ist ein Spritzloch 13 in dem Düsenkörper 2 verschlossen. Wenn die Düsennadelspitze 9 mit der Dichtkante 10 von ihrem Dichtsitz 11 abhebt, dann wird mit hohem Druck beaufschlagter Kraftstoff aus dem Injektorgehäuse 1 durch das Spritzloch 13 oder mehrere Spritzlöcher in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt.In the nozzle body 2, an axial guide bore 6 is recessed. In the guide bore 6, a nozzle needle 8 is guided displaceably. At the tip of the nozzle needle 8, a sealing edge 10 is formed, which cooperates with a sealing seat or with a sealing surface 11 which is formed on the nozzle body 2. When the tip 9 of the nozzle needle 8 with its sealing edge 10 is in contact with the sealing seat 11, a spray hole 13 in the nozzle body 2 is closed. When the nozzle needle tip 9 with the Sealing edge 10 lifts from its sealing seat 11, then injected with high pressure fuel from the injector 1 through the injection hole 13 or more injection holes in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is injected.

Ausgehend von der Spitze 9 weist die Düsennadel 8 einen sich kegelstumpfartig erweiternden Abschnitt auf, auf den ein Druckraumabschnitt 16 folgt, der im Wesentlichen die Gestalt eines Kreiszylinders aufweist. Die Abschnitte 15 und 16 der Düsennadel 8 sind in einem Druckraum 17 angeordnet, der in dem Düsenkörper 2 ausgebildet ist. Auf den Druckraumabschnitt 16 folgt ein Führungsabschnitt 18, durch den die Düsennadel 8 in der axialen Führungsbohrung 6 in dem Düsenkörper 2 geführt ist. Im Bereich des Führungsabschnitts 18 ist in der Düsennadel 8 mindestens eine Abflachung 20 vorgesehen, über die der Druckraum 17 mit mit Hochdruck beaufschlagtem Kraftstoff versorgt wird.Starting from the tip 9, the nozzle needle 8 has a frustoconical widening portion, which is followed by a pressure chamber portion 16, which has substantially the shape of a circular cylinder. The sections 15 and 16 of the nozzle needle 8 are arranged in a pressure chamber 17, which is formed in the nozzle body 2. The pressure chamber section 16 is followed by a guide section 18, through which the nozzle needle 8 is guided in the axial guide bore 6 in the nozzle body 2. In the region of the guide section 18, at least one flattening 20 is provided in the nozzle needle 8, via which the pressure chamber 17 is supplied with high-pressure fuel.

Das brennraumferne Ende der Düsennadel 8 hat die Gestalt eines Kreiszylinders, der in abdichtender Weise in einem Düsennadelführungsabschnitt 26 einer Kopplerhülse 28 geführt ist. Am brennraumfernen Ende des Düsennadelführungsabschnitts 26 ist eine Stufe in radialer Richtung nach außen ausgebildet, von der vom Brennraum weg ein Aktorführungsabschnitt 30 ausgeht. Der Aktorführungsabschnitt 30 weist einen größeren Innendurchmesser auf als der Düsennadelführungsabschnitt 26. In dem Aktorführungsabschnitt 30 ist in abdichtender Weise das brennraumnahe Ende 32 eines Aktors 34 geführt. Bei dem Aktor 34 handelt es sich um einen Piezoaktor, der im bestromten Zustand eine größere Länge beziehungsweise in Längsrichtung ein größeres Volumen aufweist als im unbestromten Zustand.The combustion chamber distal end of the nozzle needle 8 has the shape of a circular cylinder which is guided in a sealing manner in a nozzle needle guide portion 26 of a coupler sleeve 28. At the combustion chamber remote end of the nozzle needle guide portion 26, a step in the radial direction is formed to the outside, from the combustion chamber away an Aktorführungsabschnitt 30 goes out. The Aktorführungsabschnitt 30 has a larger inner diameter than the nozzle needle guide portion 26. In the Aktorführungsabschnitt 30, the combustion chamber near end 32 of an actuator 34 is performed in a sealing manner. The actuator 34 is a piezoelectric actuator, in the energized state has a greater length or in the longitudinal direction has a larger volume than in the de-energized state.

Das brennraumferne Ende der Kopplerhülse 28, die auch als Koppelhülse bezeichnet wird, stützt sich in axialer Richtung an einer Haltescheibe 38 ab, die im Wesentlichen die Gestalt einer Kreisringscheibe mit einem rechteckförmigen Querschnitt aufweist. Die Haltescheibe 38 stützt sich radial außen an einem Absatz 36 auf, der in dem Injektorkörper 4 ausgebildet ist. Durch den Absatz 36 ist ein brennraumnaher axialer Abschnitt des Injektorkörpers 4 von einem brennraumfernen axialen Abschnitt des Injektorkörpers 4 getrennt, der einen kleineren Innendurchmesser als der brennraumnahe Abschnitt aufweist.The combustion chamber remote end of the coupler sleeve 28, which is also referred to as a coupling sleeve, is supported in the axial direction on a retaining washer 38, which has substantially the shape of a circular disk with a rectangular cross-section. The holding plate 38 is supported radially on the outside on a shoulder 36, which is formed in the injector body 4. Through the shoulder 36, a combustion chamber-near axial portion of the injector body 4 is separated from a combustion chamber remote axial portion of the injector body 4, which has a smaller inner diameter than the combustion chamber near section.

Radial außen ist an der Kopplerhülse 28 ein Absatz 40 ausgebildet, der einen brennraumfernen axialen Abschnitt von einem brennraumnahen axialen Abschnitt der Kopplerhülse 28 trennt, der einen kleineren Außendurchmesser aufweist als der brennraumferne Abschnitt. An dem Absatz 40 liegt das brennraumferne Ende einer vorgespannten Schraubendruckfeder 41 an, deren brennraumnahes Ende an einem Federteller 43 anliegt. Die Schraubendruckfeder 41 ist also zwischen dem Absatz 40 der Kopplerhülse 28 und dem Federteller 43 eingespannt, der sich in axialer Richtung an einem Bund 44 der Düsennadel 8 abstützt. Der Bund 44 ist in axialer Richtung zwischen der Abflachung 20 und dem brennraumfernen Ende 24 der Düsennadel 8 angeordnet.Radially outside a shoulder 40 is formed on the coupler sleeve 28, which separates a combustion chamber distant axial portion of a combustion chamber near the axial portion of the coupler sleeve 28, which has a smaller outer diameter than the combustion chamber remote section. At the shoulder 40 is the combustion chamber remote end of a preloaded helical compression spring 41, the combustion chamber near the end rests against a spring plate 43. The helical compression spring 41 is thus clamped between the shoulder 40 of the coupler sleeve 28 and the spring plate 43, which is supported in the axial direction on a collar 44 of the nozzle needle 8. The collar 44 is arranged in the axial direction between the flattening 20 and the combustion chamber remote end 24 of the nozzle needle 8.

Das brennraumferne Ende 24 der Düsennadel 8 ragt in einen zentralen Aufnahmeraum 46, der am brennraumfernen Ende des Düsenkörpers 2 ausgebildet ist und einen größeren Innendurchmesser als die axiale Führungsbohrung 6 aufweist. Der zentrale Aufnahmeraum 46 geht über in einen Aktoraufnahmeraum 49, der am brennraumnahen Ende des Injektorkörpers 4 ausgebildet ist und den gleichen Innendurchmesser wie der zentrale Aufnahmeraum 46 aufweist. In dem Hohlraum, der von dem zentralen Aufnahmeraum 46 und dem Aktoraufnahmeraum 49 gebildet wird, sind der Bund 44, der Federteller 43, die Schraubendruckfeder 41, die Kopplerhülse 28, das brennraumferne Ende 24 der Düsennadel 8 und das brennraumnahe Ende 32 des Aktors 34 angeordnet.The combustion chamber remote end 24 of the nozzle needle 8 protrudes into a central receiving space 46, which is formed at the combustion chamber remote end of the nozzle body 2 and has a larger inner diameter than the axial guide bore 6. The central receiving space 46 merges into an actuator receiving space 49, which is formed at the end of the injector body 4 close to the combustion chamber and has the same inner diameter as the central receiving space 46. In the cavity, which is formed by the central receiving space 46 and the Aktoraufnahmeraum 49, the collar 44, the spring plate 43, the helical compression spring 41, the coupler sleeve 28, the combustion chamber remote end 24 of the nozzle needle 8 and the combustion chamber near end 32 of the actuator 34 are arranged ,

In den Aktoraufnahmeraum 49 mündet ein Kraftstoffzulauf 50, der im Wesentlichen die Gestalt eines Ringraums aufweist, der zwischen dem Aktor 34 und dem Injektorkörper 4 ausgebildet ist. Der Kraftstoffzulauf 50 steht über eine (nicht dargestellte) Verbindungsleitung mit einer zentralen Kraftstoffhochdruckquelle außerhalb des Injektorgehäuses 1 in Verbindung. Von dem Kraftstoffzulauf 50 gelangt mit Hochdruck beaufschlagter Kraftstoff durch mindestens ein Durchgangsloch 51, das in der Haltescheibe 38 vorgesehen ist, in den Aktoraufnahmeraum 49 und den zentralen Aufnahmeraum 46. Von dem zentralen Aufnahmeraum 46 gelangt der mit Hochdruck beaufschlagte Kraftstoff an der Abflachung 20 vorbei in den Druckraum 17.In the Aktoraufnahmeraum 49 opens a fuel inlet 50, which has substantially the shape of an annular space formed between the actuator 34 and the injector body 4. The fuel inlet 50 is connected via a connecting line (not illustrated) to a central high-pressure fuel source outside the injector housing 1. From the fuel inlet 50 high-pressure fuel passes through at least one through hole 51, which is provided in the retaining washer 38, in the Aktoraufnahmeraum 49 and the central receiving space 46. From the central receiving space 46 of the high-pressure fuel passes the flattening 20 over in the pressure chamber 17th

Zwischen der dem Brennraum zugewandten Stirnfläche des Aktors 34 und der dem Brennraum abgewandten Stirnfläche der Düsennadel 8 ist innerhalb der Kopplerhülse 28 ein Steuerraum 52 begrenzt, über dessen Druck das Öffnen und Schließen der Düsennadel 8 gesteuert wird. Im Ruhezustand, das heißt, wenn keine Einspritzung erfolgt, weil die Spitze 9 der Düsennadel 8 mit ihrer Dichtkante 10 an dem Dichtsitz 11 anliegt, ist der Aktor 34 bestromt. Im bestromten Zustand verdrängt der Aktor 34 mit seinem Ende 32 ein größeres Volumen in dem Steuerraum 52 als im unbestromten Zustand.Between the combustion chamber facing the end face of the actuator 34 and the combustion chamber facing away from the end face of the nozzle needle 8 is within the Coupler sleeve 28 defines a control chamber 52, via the pressure of the opening and closing of the nozzle needle 8 is controlled. At rest, that is, when no injection occurs because the tip 9 of the nozzle needle 8 abuts with its sealing edge 10 on the sealing seat 11, the actuator 34 is energized. In the energized state, the actuator 34 displaces with its end 32 a larger volume in the control chamber 52 than in the de-energized state.

Wenn die Stromzufuhr zu dem Aktor 34 unterbrochen wird, dann wird der Piezoaktor 34 aufgrund des Piezoeffekts beziehungsweise des umgekehrten Piezoeffekts quasi mit seinem Ende 32 zurückgezogen, also vom Brennraum weg bewegt. Dabei nimmt das Volumen des Steuerraums 52 zu, wodurch der Druck in dem Steuerraum 52 abnimmt. Die Druckdifferenz in dem Steuerraum 52 zwischen dem bestromten und dem unbestromten Zustand des Aktors 34 führt dazu, dass die Düsennadel 8 aufgrund des in dem Druckraum 17 herrschenden Hochdrucks mit ihrer Spitze 9 und der Dichtkante 10 von dem zugehörigen Dichtsitz 11 abhebt, so dass Kraftstoff aus dem Druckraum 17 durch das Spritzloch 13 in den Brennraum der zu versorgenden Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt wird.If the power supply to the actuator 34 is interrupted, then the piezoelectric actuator 34 is quasi retracted with its end 32 due to the piezoelectric effect or the reverse piezoelectric effect, that is moved away from the combustion chamber. In this case, the volume of the control chamber 52 increases, whereby the pressure in the control chamber 52 decreases. The pressure difference in the control chamber 52 between the energized and the de-energized state of the actuator 34 causes the nozzle needle 8 lifts due to the pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber 17 high pressure with its tip 9 and the sealing edge 10 of the associated sealing seat 11, so that fuel off the pressure chamber 17 is injected through the injection hole 13 into the combustion chamber of the engine to be supplied.

Wenn der Aktor 34 wieder bestromt wird, dann dehnt sich das Ende 32 des Aktors 34 quasi in den Steuerraum 52 aus, so dass der Druck in dem Steuerraum 52 entsprechend ansteigt. Das führt zusammen mit der Vorspannkraft der Schraubendruckfeder 41, die auch als Düsenfeder bezeichnet werden kann, dazu, dass die Düsennadel 8 schließt, wobei die Spitze 9 der Düsenfeder 8 wieder mit ihrer Dichtkante 10 an dem Dichtsitz 11 zur Anlage kommt.When the actuator 34 is energized again, then the end 32 of the actuator 34 extends quasi into the control chamber 52, so that the pressure in the control chamber 52 increases accordingly. This leads, together with the biasing force of the helical compression spring 41, which may also be referred to as a nozzle spring, that the nozzle needle 8 closes, the tip 9 of the Nozzle spring 8 again comes to rest with its sealing edge 10 on the sealing seat 11.

Claims (8)

  1. Common-rail injector having an injector housing (1) which has a fuel inlet (50) which is connected to a central high-pressure fuel source outside the injector housing and to a pressure chamber (17) within the injector housing, from which pressure chamber, in a manner dependent on the pressure in a control chamber (52), highly pressurized fuel is injected into a combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine when a nozzle needle (8) lifts off from its seat (11), wherein the pressure in the control chamber (52) is controlled by an actuator (34), in particular a piezo actuator, wherein that end (32) of the actuator (34), or of an actuator head provided on the actuator, which is close to the combustion chamber is guided in an actuator guide section (30) of a coupler sleeve (28), which actuator guide section has a larger inner diameter than a nozzle needle guide section (26) of the coupler sleeve (28), in which nozzle needle guide section that end (24) of the nozzle needle (8) which is remote from the combustion chamber is guided, characterized in that the nozzle body (2) is, for example with the aid of a clamping nut (3), braced against an injector body (4) which has an actuator receiving chamber (49) in which there is formed a shoulder (36) against which the coupler sleeve (28) is supported, wherein that end of the coupler sleeve (28) which is remote from the combustion chamber is supported on a holding disc (38), which is in turn supported on the shoulder (36) of the injector body (4).
  2. Injector according to Claim 1, characterized in that the coupler sleeve (28) is, at its end remote from the combustion chamber, supported in an axial direction on the injector housing (1).
  3. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nozzle needle (8) is guided in a nozzle body (2).
  4. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding disc (38) is arranged in a ring-shaped chamber between the injector body (4) and the actuator (34), which ring-shaped chamber forms the fuel inlet (50), wherein the holding disc (38) has at least one passage hole (51) which runs in an axial direction.
  5. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupler sleeve (28) is preloaded against the injector housing (1) in an axial direction by a spring device (41).
  6. Injector according to Claim 5, characterized in that that end of the spring device (41) which is close to the combustion chamber is supported on the nozzle needle (8).
  7. Injector according to Claim 6, characterized in that that end of the spring device (41) which is close to the combustion chamber is supported on a spring plate (43), which in turn is supported on a shoulder (44) formed on the nozzle needle (8).
  8. Injector according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuator and the coupler sleeve are acted on with high pressure.
EP05749713.3A 2004-07-01 2005-05-11 Common-rail injector Not-in-force EP1766225B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004031790A DE102004031790A1 (en) 2004-07-01 2004-07-01 Common rail injector
PCT/EP2005/052145 WO2006003048A1 (en) 2004-07-01 2005-05-11 Common-rail injector

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1766225A1 EP1766225A1 (en) 2007-03-28
EP1766225B1 true EP1766225B1 (en) 2015-11-04

Family

ID=34969141

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05749713.3A Not-in-force EP1766225B1 (en) 2004-07-01 2005-05-11 Common-rail injector

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7418949B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1766225B1 (en)
DE (1) DE102004031790A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2006003048A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20080029067A1 (en) 2008-02-07
WO2006003048A1 (en) 2006-01-12
EP1766225A1 (en) 2007-03-28
US7418949B2 (en) 2008-09-02
DE102004031790A1 (en) 2006-01-26

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