EP2095016B1 - Unité d'éclairage pour phare de véhicule, et phare de véhicule correspondant - Google Patents

Unité d'éclairage pour phare de véhicule, et phare de véhicule correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2095016B1
EP2095016B1 EP07822788.1A EP07822788A EP2095016B1 EP 2095016 B1 EP2095016 B1 EP 2095016B1 EP 07822788 A EP07822788 A EP 07822788A EP 2095016 B1 EP2095016 B1 EP 2095016B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
luminaire
bore
housing
reflector
illumination unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP07822788.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2095016A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Frey
Ralf Vollmer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Osram GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Osram GmbH filed Critical Osram GmbH
Publication of EP2095016A1 publication Critical patent/EP2095016A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2095016B1 publication Critical patent/EP2095016B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V29/00—Protecting lighting devices from thermal damage; Cooling or heating arrangements specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • F21V29/50—Cooling arrangements
    • F21V29/70—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks
    • F21V29/74—Cooling arrangements characterised by passive heat-dissipating elements, e.g. heat-sinks with fins or blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
    • F21S41/143—Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being parallel to the optical axis of the illuminating device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/19—Attachment of light sources or lamp holders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V19/00—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
    • F21V19/001—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders the light sources being semiconductors devices, e.g. LEDs
    • F21V19/003—Fastening of light source holders, e.g. of circuit boards or substrates holding light sources
    • F21V19/0035—Fastening of light source holders, e.g. of circuit boards or substrates holding light sources the fastening means being capable of simultaneously attaching of an other part, e.g. a housing portion or an optical component
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S45/00—Arrangements within vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, for purposes other than emission or distribution of light
    • F21S45/40—Cooling of lighting devices
    • F21S45/47—Passive cooling, e.g. using fins, thermal conductive elements or openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lamp according to the preamble of claim 1 and a vehicle headlight.
  • Such a lighting unit and such a vehicle headlights are for example in the WO 2006/066530 A1 disclosed.
  • This publication describes a lighting unit with at least one LED chip, designed as a heat sink housing which surrounds the at least one LED chip partially, and a holder for fixing the at least one LED chip with respect to the heat sink in a unique position and orientation, wherein the heat sink with fastening means for mounting the lighting unit is provided in a vehicle headlight.
  • the fasteners together with appropriate fasteners on the headlight bayonet lock.
  • the EP 1 715 242 A2 discloses a circuit board lighting, the housing has a housing shell with through holes for receiving Einpressiten and a rear wall, on the inside of a light-emitting diode is arranged, which receives its power supply from the Einpressiten ago.
  • the luminaire according to the invention has a reflector and an illumination device, wherein the illumination unit comprises at least one light-emitting diode chip and a housing which at least partially surrounds the at least one light-emitting diode chip.
  • the luminaire according to the invention has fastening means for mounting the lighting unit on the reflector.
  • the fastening means comprise according to the invention at least one projection or recess, which is arranged on the housing and with a matching matched counterpart to a luminaire part, for. B. on a reflector of the lamp, cooperate such that the at least one projection or the at least one recess and the counterpart fit into each other.
  • the at least one projection or the at least one recess and the matching matched counterpart is easily a precise alignment of the illumination unit and its at least one LED chip and possibly one placed on the at least one LED chip primary optics with respect to the luminaire portion and the reflector and allows in particular with respect to the optical axis of the lamp or the light-reflecting surfaces of the reflector.
  • the at least one projection or the at least one recess on the housing of the lighting unit with a first bore and the matching counterpart on the luminaire part or reflector of the luminaire with a second bore, equipped for producing a connection, preferably a screw, between the Lighting unit and the luminaire part or reflector serve.
  • the edge of the first bore forming portion of the housing and the edge of the second bore forming portion of the reflector is formed so that they fit into each other.
  • the two aforementioned bores and the fittingly interlocking edges of these bores By means of the two aforementioned bores and the fittingly interlocking edges of these bores, a precise alignment of the illumination unit and its at least one light-emitting diode chip and possibly a primary optic placed on the at least one light-emitting diode chip is achieved in a simple manner with respect to the reflector and in particular with respect to the optical axis of the reflector
  • the light reflecting surfaces of the reflector allows, as the first and second holes can be made very precise, so that only small tolerances of fractions of a millimeter occur in their position and their diameter.
  • the bores are therefore suitable as a reference for the adjustment of the light-emitting diode chip of the illumination unit or the primary optics associated therewith with respect to the light-reflecting surfaces of the reflector.
  • the fastening means according to the invention can be used independently of the shape of the electrical connections of the lighting unit. In particular, they are also suitable for lighting units which have electrical connection
  • the first bore or or and the second bore is formed narrowed stepwise in order to ensure the fitting meshing of the edge regions of the holes in the housing of the lighting unit and the reflector.
  • the narrower portion of the holes for making a connection, such as a screw, between the lighting unit and the reflector can be used, while the other portion of the first or second hole for the proper assembly of lighting unit and reflector is responsible for precise alignment.
  • the second bore is preferably arranged on the rear side remote from the light exit opening of the reflector, so that the illumination unit on the Rear side of the reflector can be mounted and the LED chip and the primary optics protrudes through a breakthrough in the reflector. As a result, light shading by the fastening means for the lighting unit is avoided.
  • the at least one projection or the at least one recess is formed by a wall of the housing of the lighting unit and the matching counterpart of guide elements arranged on the luminaire part, in particular on the reflector, which are in contact with the wall.
  • the fastening means of the lighting unit at least two projections or recesses, which are arranged on the housing and which are provided for mounting the lighting unit in the lamp to interact with matching matched counterparts on a light portion of the lamp such that the Protrusions or the recesses and the counterparts fit into each other. This ensures a clear installation position of the lighting unit and in particular prevents a rotational movement.
  • the lighting unit comprises a pot-shaped, substantially cylindrically symmetrical housing 100 made of aluminum with a circular disk-like bottom 101 and a, formed on the bottom 101 side wall 102 which extends along the lateral surface of a cylinder.
  • the housing 100 is designed in particular as an aluminum die cast part.
  • the bottom 101 of the housing 100 has on its inside an integrally formed with the bottom 101 elevation 103, which has a high central portion 1030 and two lower lying plateaus 1031, 1032 has.
  • the top of the central portion 1030 has a greater height above the bottom 101 of the housing 100 than the two, on different sides of the central portion arranged plateau 1031, 1032.
  • the top of the central portion forms a support surface for a support plate 2 made of ceramic, which serves as a carrier for five
  • the support plate 2 ensures electrical insulation between the metallic housing 100, in particular the elevation 103, and the light-emitting diode chips 3.
  • the five light-emitting diode chips 3 are arranged on the carrier plate 2 in a row and from the walls surrounded by a frame.
  • the light-emitting diode chips 3 emit blue light and are provided with a phosphor coating (chip layer coating) in order to convert the wavelength of a part of the electromagnetic radiation generated by the light-emitting diode chips 3, so that the illumination device emits white light during its operation.
  • the light-emitting diode chips 3 are, for example, thin-film light-emitting diode chips whose basic principle is described, for example, in US Pat Reference I. Schnitzer et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 63 (16), 18 October 1993, 2174-2176 is described.
  • the carrier plate 2 is glued by means of a placement machine on the top of the central portion 1030 of the elevation 103 at a predetermined distance and in a well-defined orientation with respect to a arranged on the first plateau 1031, hollow cylindrical web 105 and a disposed on the second plateau 1032 elongated hole 104.
  • the support plate 2 with the light-emitting diode chips 3 arranged thereon is arranged between the oblong hole 104 and the hollow-cylindrical web 105.
  • the slot 104 and the hollow cylindrical web 105 serve to align a dome-like primary optics 400 (FIG. FIGS. 4 and 5 ), which is placed over the light-emitting diode chips 3, so that the light emitted by the light-emitting diode chips 3 or the light-emitting diodes is coupled into the primary optics 400.
  • the primary optics 400 are a translucent, dome-like cover for the light-emitting diode chips 3.
  • the primary optics 400 has two webs 401, 402 which engage in the slot 104 and the hollow-cylindrical web 105 in an appropriate manner.
  • the top or the end of the hollow cylindrical web 105 serves the primary optics 400 as a support surface.
  • Another support surface for the primary optics 400 is from a Web 106 formed with an oval cross section, which is disposed on the first plateau 1031, adjacent to the hollow cylindrical web 105 and the slot 104.
  • the top of the cylindrical hollow web 105 and the web 106 with oval transverse web have the same height above the housing bottom 101 as the top of the central portion 1030.
  • first 1031 and second plateau 1032 two opposing pins 107, 108 are further arranged in the openings 403 , 404 engage the edge of the primary optics 400 to fix them to the housing 100.
  • the elevation 103 has two ear-like projections 109, 110 arranged on different sides of the plateau 1031, each with a pin 1090, 1100.
  • the pins 1090, 1100 are used for riveting a mounting board 500, which rests on the top of the first 1031 and second plateau 1032 and on three other, each provided with a pin 1110, 1120, 1130 bearing surfaces 111, 112, 113.
  • the abovementioned contact surfaces 111, 112, 113 are arranged equidistantly along the inside of an annular web 114 running on the inside of the side wall 102.
  • the mounting board 500 ( FIG. 6 ) has two substantially rectangular openings 501, 502, through which the central portion 1030 and the webs 105, 106 and the pins 107, 108 protrude.
  • the components of an operating device for the LED chips 3 are mounted on the mounting board.
  • the operating device comprises a driver circuit for powering the LED chips 3 and a voltage converter for supplying power to the driver circuit from the vehicle electrical system voltage of the motor vehicle.
  • a trough 115 is formed in the elevation 103, which is filled with a heat-conductive paste.
  • a temperature-dependent resistor (not shown), in particular a so-called NTC (resistance with negative temperature characteristic), arranged, which is in contact with the heat-conductive paste and serves as a temperature sensor to the operating temperature of the LED chips. 3 to eat.
  • the side wall 102 has three recesses 1021, 1022, 1023 arranged along the circumference of the housing 100, in each of which a surface 120, 130, 140 extending parallel to the housing bottom 101 is arranged. These surfaces 120, 130, 140 are located at the same height above the housing bottom 101 and are each bounded by a directed into the interior of the housing 100 recess 1141, 1142, 1143 of the annular ridge 114. In the first surface 120 a continuous, in the direction of the housing bottom 101 step-narrowed bore 121 is arranged, which extends from the surface 120 to the outside of the housing bottom 101.
  • the bore 121 is formed such that in the surface 120 a circular cylindrical recess 122 is arranged, whose outer radius corresponds to the first, large radius of the bore 121 and the inner radius of the second, small radius of the bore.
  • the depth of the bore 121 is only a few millimeters in the region of the first, large radius, while the region of the bore 121 in the region of the second, small radius extends from the bottom of the depression 122 to the outside of the housing bottom 101. That is, the height of the bottom of the recess 122 above the housing bottom 101 is only a few millimeters less than the height of the surfaces 120, 130, 140 above the housing bottom 101.
  • the housing bottom 101 In the other two surfaces 130, 140 is also in each case a through bore 131th , 141, whose radius coincides with the radius of the narrow portion of the first bore 121, respectively.
  • two apertures 150 are further arranged, which serve for the passage of electrical connection cables for the power supply of mounted on the mounting board components of the operating device.
  • the housing bottom 101 preferably has three further holes for fastening a heat sink (not shown).
  • the recess 122 is adapted to receive an appropriately matched, at the back 201 of in FIG. 3 pictured reflector 200 of the vehicle headlamp molded hollow web 210 is provided.
  • the outer diameter of this hollow web 210 is matched to the first, large radius of the bore 121, that is, to the radius of the recess 122.
  • a borehole 211 is arranged, whose radius is identical to the second, small radius of the bore 121 and which serves to screw the housing 100 of the lighting unit with the reflector 200.
  • the screwing is carried out from the outside of the housing bottom 101, wherein the screw is introduced at the outside or back of the bottom 101 in the narrowed portion of the bore 121 and by the screwing finally into the coaxial with the narrow portion of the bore 121 arranged well 211 of Hollow web 210 penetrates.
  • the hollow web 210 thus fits snugly into the widened region 122 of the bore 121, so that the position of the hollow web 210 and the stepped bore 121 can serve as a reference for the orientation of the illumination unit or the light-emitting diode chips 3 with respect to the reflector 200.
  • the reflector 200 has on its rear side 201 an annular flange 202 whose dimensions are matched to the annular web 114 of the lighting unit.
  • a sealing ring 600 made of rubber or silicone, which rests after mounting the lighting unit to the annular flange 202 with a press fit. That is, after mounting the illumination unit in the vehicle headlamp, the seal ring is disposed between the annular flange 202 of the reflector 200 and the annular bridge 114 of the illumination unit.
  • each with a borehole 221, 231 provided hollow webs 220, 230 are arranged, which are aligned for mounting the lighting unit so that the boreholes 221 and 231 are arranged coaxially to the bores 131 and 141, in order to be able to insert in each case one screw from the outside or rear side of the housing bottom 101 into the bores 131 or 141 and the boreholes 221 and 231, respectively.
  • the heads of the screws stuck in the bores 121, 131, 141 bear against the outside or rear side of the housing bottom 101 and their tips extend into the boreholes 211, 221, 231 of the corresponding hollow webs 210, 220, 230, to make a screw connection between the housing 100 of the illumination device and the reflector 200 by means of these screws.
  • the first hollow web 210 is formed longer than the other two hollow webs 220, 230 and has a stepped end portion with reduced outer diameter, because it fits into the recess 122 in the surface 120 passes.
  • a pin 203 is formed, which in a groove 1024 in the side wall 102 of the housing 100 of the illumination unit engages.
  • the pin 203 is diametrically opposite the first hollow web 210.
  • the groove 1024 of the support surface 120 is diametrically opposite.
  • the groove 1024 and the pin 203 together with the first hollow web 210 and the stepped bore 121 prevent rotation of the lighting unit about its axis of symmetry.
  • a substantially rectangular opening 204 is arranged through which project the LED chips 3 and the primary optics 400 mounted thereon after the mounting of the illumination unit, so that the light emitted by the LED chips 3, after passing through the primary optics 400 incident on the light reflecting surfaces of the reflector 200.
  • the reflector 200 with the illumination unit mounted thereon are part of a vehicle headlamp, preferably a foglamp or a headlamp for daytime running lights or for high beam or low beam.
  • FIG. 8 a second embodiment of a reflector 200 'is shown, which instead of the in FIG. 3 pictured reflector 200 together with in the FIGS. 1 . 2 . 4, 5 . 6 and 7 illustrated lighting unit can be used to form a vehicle headlight according to the invention.
  • the in FIG. 8 Reflector 200 'shown differs from that in FIG. 3 illustrated reflector 200 only in that it has three equidistant along the outer circumference of the annular flange 202 arranged webs 203 ', which extend parallel to the ring axis of the flange 202 and abut the outside of the wall 102 of the housing 100 of the lighting unit. They serve instead of the pin 203 according to the reflector 200 of the in FIG. 3 pictured first embodiment as further guide elements for the exact alignment of reflector 200 'and lighting unit.
  • FIG. 3 shows a third exemplary embodiment of a reflector 200 "which, instead of the one shown in FIG. 3 pictured reflector 200 or instead of in FIG. 8 pictured reflector 200 'together with in the FIGS. 1 . 2 . 4, 5 . 6 and 7 illustrated lighting unit can be used to a inventive To make vehicle headlights.
  • the in FIG. 9 pictured reflector 200 "differs from that in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 illustrated reflector 200 ' only in that it has three similar hollow webs 210 ", 220, 230 for the screw connection of lighting unit and reflector and has been dispensed with the extended hollow web 210 with the end portion with reduced outer diameter.
  • the orientation of illumination unit and reflector 200" is here only by the proper fit of the three webs 210 ", 220, 230 and the wall 102 of the housing 100 of the lighting unit and with the help of the pin 203, as in the FIG. 3 figured embodiment serves to engage in the groove 1024 of the wall 102 of the housing 100 of the lighting unit, guaranteed.
  • a cooling device which consists for example of cooling fins or is designed as a heat sink, be mounted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Lampe dotée d'une unité d'éclairage, l'unité d'éclairage comprenant au moins une puce à diode électroluminescente (3) et un boîtier (100) entourant au moins partiellement ladite puce à diode électroluminescente (3) et pourvu de moyens de fixation pour le montage de l'unité d'éclairage sur un élément de lampe (200),
    les moyens de fixation comprenant au moins une saillie ou cavité (122 ; 102) resp. disposée sur le boîtier (100) et coopérant avec un contre-élément adapté (210 ; 203') prévu sur l'élément de lampe (200 ; 200' ; 200") de la lampe, de telle sorte que la au moins une saillie resp. la au moins une cavité (122 ; 102) et le contre-élément (210 ; 203) s'engagent parfaitement l'un dans l'autre,
    et la au moins une saillie ou la au moins une cavité (122) présentant un premier alésage (121) et le contre-élément adapté (210) présentant un deuxième alésage (211), lesquels sont alignés coaxialement pour le montage de l'unité d'éclairage sur l'élément de lampe (200 ; 200'), caractérisé en ce que le premier alésage (121) et le deuxième alésage (211) sont réalisés comme éléments d'un assemblage vissé entre l'unité d'éclairage et l'élément de lampe (200 ; 200').
  2. Lampe selon la revendication 1, la partie (122) formant le bord du premier alésage (121) du boîtier (100) et la partie (210) formant le bord du deuxième alésage (211) de l'élément de lampe (200 ; 200') s'engageant parfaitement l'une dans l'autre.
  3. Lampe selon la revendication 1, le premier alésage (121) ou resp. et le deuxième alésage (211) se rétrécissant progressivement.
  4. Lampe selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 3, le deuxième alésage (211) étant disposé à la face arrière (201), opposée à l'orifice de sortie de lumière, de l'élément de lampe (200 ; 200').
  5. Lampe selon la revendication 1, la au moins une saillie resp. la au moins une cavité étant formée par une paroi (102) du boîtier (100) et le contre-élément adapté étant formé par des éléments de guidage (203') disposés sur l'élément de lampe (200'') et qui sont en contact avec la paroi (102).
  6. Lampe selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, les moyens de fixation comprenant au moins deux saillies ou cavités (122 ; 102, 1024) disposées sur le boîtier (100) et coopérant avec des contre-éléments adaptés (210 ; 203' ; 203) prévus sur l'élément de lampe (200 ; 200' ; 200") de la lampe, de telle sorte que les saillies resp. cavités (122 ; 102 ; 1024) et les contre-éléments (210 ; 203' ; 203) s'engagent parfaitement l'un dans l'autre.
  7. Lampe selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 6, réalisée comme phare de véhicule.
EP07822788.1A 2006-11-28 2007-11-21 Unité d'éclairage pour phare de véhicule, et phare de véhicule correspondant Active EP2095016B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE202006018081U DE202006018081U1 (de) 2006-11-28 2006-11-28 Beleuchtungseinheit für Fahrzeugscheinwerfer und Fahrzeugscheinwerfer
PCT/EP2007/062650 WO2008065030A1 (fr) 2006-11-28 2007-11-21 Unité d'éclairage pour phare de véhicule, et phare de véhicule correspondant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2095016A1 EP2095016A1 (fr) 2009-09-02
EP2095016B1 true EP2095016B1 (fr) 2017-03-08

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07822788.1A Active EP2095016B1 (fr) 2006-11-28 2007-11-21 Unité d'éclairage pour phare de véhicule, et phare de véhicule correspondant

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8303148B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2095016B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101553688B (fr)
DE (1) DE202006018081U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008065030A1 (fr)

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EP2095016A1 (fr) 2009-09-02
US20100067248A1 (en) 2010-03-18
US8303148B2 (en) 2012-11-06
DE202006018081U1 (de) 2007-02-08
CN101553688B (zh) 2012-03-14
WO2008065030A1 (fr) 2008-06-05
CN101553688A (zh) 2009-10-07

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