Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/08—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core the layers of which are formed of profiled interlocking wires, i.e. the strands forming concentric layers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B5/00—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form
  • D07B5/10—Making ropes or cables from special materials or of particular form from strands of non-circular cross-section
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0673—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration
  • D07B1/068—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core having a rope configuration characterised by the strand design
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/12—Ropes or cables with a hollow core
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
  • D07B2201/1012—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure
  • D07B2201/102—Rope or cable structures characterised by their internal structure including a core
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
  • D07B2201/1028—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands
  • D07B2201/1032—Rope or cable structures characterised by the number of strands three to eight strands respectively forming a single layer
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
  • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
  • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
  • D07B2201/1048—Rope or cable structures twisted using regular lay, i.e. the wires or filaments being parallel to rope axis
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/10—Rope or cable structures
  • D07B2201/104—Rope or cable structures twisted
  • D07B2201/1052—Rope or cable structures twisted using lang lay, i.e. the wires or filaments being inclined relative to the rope axis
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2016—Strands characterised by their cross-sectional shape
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2023—Strands with core
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2024—Strands twisted
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2036—Strands characterised by the use of different wires or filaments
  • D07B2201/2037—Strands characterised by the use of different wires or filaments regarding the dimension of the wires or filaments
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2015—Strands
  • D07B2201/2038—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments
  • D07B2201/204—Strands characterised by the number of wires or filaments nine or more wires or filaments respectively forming multiple layers
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
  • D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
  • D07B2201/2047—Cores
  • D07B2201/2048—Cores characterised by their cross-sectional shape
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2401/00—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage
  • D07B2401/20—Aspects related to the problem to be solved or advantage related to ropes or cables
  • D07B2401/2015—Killing or avoiding twist

Definitions

• THIS invention relates to a multi-strand steel wire rope and to individual strands of a wire rope.
• a multi-strand steel wire rope has steel wires spun into strands, and the strands are then laid up helically, typically about a core, in one or more layers.
• Figure 1 shows a typical example of a conventional single layer multi-strand steel wire rope, indicated generally by the numeral 1.
• the rope 1 has a core 2 about which a single layer of strands 3 is laid up.
• the core 2 is typically made of a fibre such as sisal, a synthetic polymeric material such as polypropylene or another steel wire strand, or the core area may be vacant.
• the numeral 4 designates the core of each strand, the numeral 5 an inner wire of the strand and the numeral 6 an outer wire of the strand.
• the rope is referred to as being of ordinary or regular lay construction. If the wires 6 are laid up in the same helical direction as the strand itself, the rope is referred to as being of Lang's lay construction.
• Ropes with a single layer of strands for convenience referred to in this specification as “single layer ropes", generally generate a torque when subjected to tensile load. The result of this is that if one end of the rope is free to rotate the rope as a whole will tend to untwist in order to alleviate the torque which is generated. This untwisting may be highly undesirable in certain applications, for example where the rope is used to raise a load which is not restrained from spinning. In such cases, non-spin ropes are used. Such ropes generally have more than one layer of strands, with an outer layer of strands laid up on an inner layer of strands but in the opposite helical direction to the strands of the inner layer. In this way an attempt is made to balance the torque generated by the respective layers when the rope is under tensile load. For convenience in this specification, ropes with more than one layer of strands are referred to as "multi-layer" ropes.
• multi-layer ropes can counter the tendency of the rope to untwist they are generally less stable and robust than single layer ropes. Also, magnetic non-destructive testing of single layer ropes tends to be more accurate and reliable than is the case with multi-layer ropes.
• the strands of known steel wire ropes may take different forms.
• An example of a round strand is shown in Figure 2 in which the numerals 7 and 8 respectively indicate the "height" and "width” of the strand.
• the "height" of the strand is the cross-sectional dimension of the strand measured, in the laid up rope, in a radial direction corresponding to the indicated Y-Y axis.
• the "width" of the strand is the cross-sectional measured, in the laid up rope, in a circumferential or tangential direction corresponding to the indicated X-X axis.
• the ratio heightwidth is substantially equal to unity and the bending stiffness of the strand about the X-X axis is substantially equal to the bending stiffness about the Y-Y axis.
• Figure 3 shows an example of a known triangular strand in which the core 4 has the cross-sectional shape of an equilateral triangle.
• the ratio heightwidth will typically be of the order of 0.98, i.e close to unity.
• the bending stiffness about the X-X axis is again substantially equal to the bending stiffness about the Y-Y axis.
• Figure 4 shows an example of another known strand form known as an "8 over 2 wire" strand composed of wires 9.
• the ratio height:width is substantially less than unity and may for instance be about 0.69.
• the bending stiffness of such a strand about the X-X axis is substantially less than its bending stiffness about the Y-Y axis.
• a multi-strand steel wire rope comprising multiple strands laid up helically on a core, at least some of the strands being deep strands, i.e. strands with a heightwidth ratio greater than unity, preferably 1.04 or greater.
• the rope is of a single layer construction.
• Each deep strand may includes a core having the cross-sectional shape of a non-equilateral triangle.
• each deep strand may comprise, in cross-section, parallel rows of wires arranged generally radially.
• a strand for a multi- strand steel wire rope the strand being a deep strand having a ratio heightwidth of 1.04 or greater.
• the strand may have a core with the cross-sectional shape of a non-equilateral triangle and wires laid up on the core, or it may comprise, in cross-section, parallel rows of wires arranged generally radially.
• Figure 1 illustrates a conventional multi-strand steel wire rope
• Figures 2 to 4 illustrate different, conventional strand configurations used in multi-strand steel wire ropes
• Figure 5 illustrates a deep strand of a multi-strand steel wire rope according to the present invention
• FIGS 6 to 10 illustrate different multi-strand steel wire ropes according to the invention.
• Figure 5 illustrates a deep strand 10 according to this invention.
• the strand 10 has a core 12 having the cross-sectional shape of a non-equilateral isosceles triangle, with two sides 14 and 16 of equal length and a shorter third side 18.
• An inner layer of steel wires 20 is laid up helically on the core 12 and an outer layer of steel wires 22 is laid up helically on the inner wires.
• the numeral 24 indicates the cross-sectional height of the strand 10.
• this is the radial dimension of the strand, i.e. the cross-sectional dimension of the strand, when laid up in a multi-strand steel wire rope, measured in a radial direction with respect to the central axis of the rope.
• the numeral 26 indicates the cross-sectional width of the strand 10, i.e. the circumferential or tangential cross-sectional dimension of the strand, measured perpendicularly to the radial direction, when laid up in the rope.
• the parameters are such that the ratio heightwidth is of the order of 1.12.
• a deep strand for convenience the strand 10 of Figure 5 is referred to as a deep triangular strand. It will be understood that a deep strand according to the invention may comprise a shaped core, as in Figure 5, with only a single layer of wires instead of multiple layers of wires.
• Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a multi-strand steel wire rope 28 which has a core 30 and five closely adjacent and equally spaced deep triangular strands 10 of Figure 5 type laid up helically in a single layer on the core.
• Figure 7 shows a cross-sectional view of a single layer multi-strand steel wire rope 32 which has a core 34 and nine closely adjacent and equally spaced deep triangular strands 10 of Figure 5 type laid up helically in a single layer on the core.
• Figure 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a single layer multi-strand steel wire rope 36 which includes deep strands having a form different to the deep triangular strand 10 of Figure 5.
• each deep strand 38 has ten steel wires 40 arranged in generally radially extending, parallel rows 41 , such that the height 42 of the strand is greater than the width 44 thereof, i.e. the ratio heightwidth is greater than unity.
• the ratio heightwidth may, for instance be of the order of 1.46: 1.
• Figure 9 shows a cross-sectional view of a single layer multi-strand steel wire rope 46 which includes deep strands 38.
• the ratio heightwidth of each deep strand 38 is greater than unity and may, as in Figure 8, be of the order of 1.46: 1.
• Figure 9 differs from that of Figure 8 in that there are four spaced apart deep strands 38 alternating with four round strands 3 of Figure 2 type.
• Figure 10 shows a cross-sectional view of a single layer multi-strand steel wire rope 50 which includes four closely adjacent deep strands 38 and four round strands 3.
• the round strands 3 are laid up helically as fillers between the deep strands 38 but do not cover them so that the construction does, in effect, remain a single layer construction.
• tensile force applied to a single layer multi-strand rope will generate a torque, i.e. a force tending to untwist the rope, when the rope is subjected to tensile load.
• the present invention is based upon the recognition by the inventor that the tensile force in a rope can be resolved into components of torque-generating shear force and longitudinal force.
• the inventor has furthermore recognised that in order to reduce the tendency of a single layer multi-strand rope to untwist under tensile load, the bending stiffness of the strands of the rope about the appropriate axes should be increased relative to the torsional stiffness of the strands, i.e. the resistance of the strands to twisting under the shear- generated, applied torque forces acting about the axes of the strands.
• the deep strands 10 and 38 described above will exhibit increased bending stiffness about the axis A-A in Figure 6, perpendicular to the radial direction and corresponding to the axis X-X in Figures 2 to 4, compared to conventional strand configurations where the corresponding ratio is unity or less.
• ropes with right hand or left hand lay including ropes with Lang's lay or ordinary lay, ropes in which the strands are simple strands with a single layer of wires over the core, ropes in which the strands are compound strands with two or more layers of wires laid up on the core, irrespective of whether the wires are laid up in the same or different helical directions in the different layers, ropes in which the strands have metallic or non-metallic cores, irrespective of whether the strand cores are of plaited or other construction, ropes in which the rope core is metallic or non-metallic or in the form of a strand or otherwise, and ropes in which the strands and/or ropes themselves are encapsulated.

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• 2007
  • 2007-11-01 US US12/513,318 patent/US20100043381A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-11-01 ZA ZA200903798A patent/ZA200903798B/xx unknown
  • 2007-11-01 EP EP07826943A patent/EP2094906A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-11-01 CN CNA2007800409257A patent/CN101553616A/zh active Pending
  • 2007-11-01 MX MX2009004673A patent/MX2009004673A/es unknown
  • 2007-11-01 RU RU2009120577/12A patent/RU2009120577A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-11-01 KR KR1020097011348A patent/KR20090085664A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-11-01 JP JP2009535176A patent/JP2010508450A/ja active Pending
  • 2007-11-01 BR BRPI0716294-4A2A patent/BRPI0716294A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2007-11-01 WO PCT/IB2007/054432 patent/WO2008053447A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2007-11-01 CA CA002668495A patent/CA2668495A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-11-01 AU AU2007315696A patent/AU2007315696A1/en not_active Abandoned

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