EP2094242A2 - Compositions incorporées à une matrice, comprenant des acides organiques et des acides gras - Google Patents

Compositions incorporées à une matrice, comprenant des acides organiques et des acides gras

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Publication number
EP2094242A2
EP2094242A2 EP07871446A EP07871446A EP2094242A2 EP 2094242 A2 EP2094242 A2 EP 2094242A2 EP 07871446 A EP07871446 A EP 07871446A EP 07871446 A EP07871446 A EP 07871446A EP 2094242 A2 EP2094242 A2 EP 2094242A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
weight
composition
oil
fatty
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07871446A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2094242A4 (fr
Inventor
Felipe Navarro
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Novus International Inc
Original Assignee
Novus International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Novus International Inc filed Critical Novus International Inc
Publication of EP2094242A2 publication Critical patent/EP2094242A2/fr
Publication of EP2094242A4 publication Critical patent/EP2094242A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/192—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having aromatic groups, e.g. sulindac, 2-aryl-propionic acids, ethacrynic acid 
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
    • A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
    • A61K31/20—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having a carboxyl group bound to a chain of seven or more carbon atoms, e.g. stearic, palmitic, arachidic acids

Definitions

  • the invention generally provides matrix-embedded compositions having organic acids and fatty acids.
  • the compositions may be administered to an animal to deliver intact organic acids and fatty acids to the animal's small intestine.
  • Nutritional supplements may also be used by athletes to boost strength and performance or by ordinary persons with everyday lifestyles to provide a balanced diet. Furthermore, they may be given to companion animals to meet their nutritional needs or to agricultural animals to promote growth and health.
  • Nutritional supplements may contain a quick energy source in the form of fatty acids or triglycerides (glycerol esters of fatty acids) rather than glucose or another form of sugar.
  • Short chain (C2-C6) fatty acids are typically generated in the large intestine by microbial fermentation of non-digestible starches or soluble fiber. Short chain fatty acids are readily absorbed and oxidized for energy or used to generate ATP. The addition of short chain fatty acids or short chain triglycerides to a nutritional supplement enables these fatty acids to be absorbed earlier in the intestinal tract.
  • Medium chain (C8-C12) triglycerides are regularly added to infant formulas because breast milk is highly enriched with these molecules.
  • Encapsulated products typically consist of a protective coating that completely surrounds or "encapsulates" the organic acid.
  • One drawback with encapsulation technology is that the protective coating can be compromised in the stomach. In turn, the compromised coating causes the release of all of the organic acid in the stomach as opposed to the small intestine.
  • Another aspect of the invention encompasses a method for providing an organic acid and a fatty acid having from four to twelve carbon atoms to a monogasthc animal.
  • the method comprises administering to the monogastric animal a composition comprising an organic acid and a fatty acid embedded in a lipid matrix.
  • the organic acid and fatty acid are not substantially released from the matrix until the composition enters the monogastric animal's small intestine.
  • the feed ration comprises grain, crude protein, crude fat, and a composition comprising an organic acid and a fatty acid embedded in a lipid matrix.
  • Figure 1 depicts a graph illustrating the initial weight of the piglets in each diet group, the final weight of the piglets in each diet group, and the weight development of the piglets in each diet group.
  • Figure 2 depicts a graph illustrating the daily weight gain of the piglets in each diet group.
  • Figure 4 depicts schematics illustrating two techniques for protecting organic acids (OA's) from gastric digestion.
  • Panel A illustrates an encapsulated product, which contains 100% of the active ingredient disposed on the inside of a protective barrier.
  • Panel B illustrates a matrix-embedded composition of the invention. As illustrated in the schematic, the embedded OA's are disposed on the surface or within the matrix.
  • the invention provides matrix-embedded compositions having organic acids and fatty acids. Because the compositions of the invention are embedded within a matrix, they are generally resistant to degradation in the acidic stomach. Once the matrix-embedded compositions enter the small intestine, however, intestinal enzymes, such as lipases and esterases, may hydrolyze the composition, causing the release of intact organic acid and fatty acids from the matrix. In addition to providing nutritional benefits, the organic acids and fatty acids may also provide antimicrobial activity. As illustrated in the Examples, administration of the matrix-embedded compositions to monogastric animals generally increases overall weight gain and feed efficiency compared to matrix-embedded compositions having only organic acids.
  • compositions that are embedded in a matrix.
  • the composition comprises an organic acid and a fatty acid. Suitable examples of organic acids, fatty acids, and matrices are detailed below.
  • a variety of compounds or compositions are suitable for use as a matrix.
  • the term "matrix” is used in its broadest sense and includes any of a variety of compounds or compositions to which a composition comprising an organic acid and a fatty acid may be embedded.
  • the matrix will comprise a fat source.
  • a suitable matrix is one that can be embedded with a relatively high density of a composition comprising an organic acid and a fatty acid.
  • the term “embedded” generally means that the fatty acids and organic acids are disposed on the surface of or within the matrix.
  • matrix-embedded does not include encapsulated products. Encapsulated products typically contain 100% of the active agent (e.g., organic acid or fatty acid) disposed inside of a protective coating or barrier.
  • the matrix material may comprise a polysaccharide or a mixture of saccharides and glycoproteins extracted from a plant, fungus, or microbe.
  • Non-limiting examples include corn starch, wheat starch, potato starch, tapioca starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, dextrans, maltodexthn, cyclodextrins, inulins, pectin, mannans, gum arabic, locust bean gum, mesquite gum, guar gum, gum karaya, gum ghatti, tragacanth gum, funori, carrageenans, agar, alginates, chitosans, or gellan gum.
  • the matrix material may comprise an edible wax.
  • Edible waxes may be derived from mammals, insects, or plants. Non-limiting examples include beeswax, lanolin, bayberry wax, carnauba wax, and rice bran wax.
  • the matrix material may also comprise a mixture of biopolymers. As an example, the matrix material may comprise a mixture of a polysaccharide and a fat.
  • the matrix material may comprise a semi-synthetic polymer.
  • Semi-synthetic polymers include, but are not limited to, semi-synthetic celluloses and semi-synthetic starches.
  • the semisynthetic celluloses include methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, sulfonated cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate thmelitate, cellulose ethyl phthalate, and viscose.
  • Suitable semi-synthetic starches include water-soluble starch, carboxymethylated starch, dialdehyde starch, hydrophobically modified starch, oxidized starch, ethehfied starch, and estehfied starch.
  • Monoglycehdes and diglycehdes can be formed naturally in a biological system, as well as by partial or complete hydrolysis of triglycerides and distillation in commercial manufacturing. These methods are known to those skilled in the art.
  • Monoglycehdes also known as monoacylglycerols, are molecules made up of a glycerol and a fatty acid bound as an ester.
  • Diglycerides i.e., diacylglycerols
  • diacylglycerols are molecules made up of a glycerol and two fatty acids, each fatty acid is bound to the glycerol as an ester.
  • the properties of the lipid material may vary.
  • Phospholipids can be, for example, monoacyl and diacyl phospholipids.
  • Examples of phospholipids include, but are not limited to, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl glycerol, and diphosphatidyl glycerol.
  • the fatty acids can have a carbon chain length of about 4 carbon atoms to about 24 carbon atoms. In an exemplary embodiment, the fatty acid will have a carbon chain length from about 12 carbon atoms to about 22 carbon atoms.
  • the fatty acid can be saturated or unsaturated (e.g., partially saturated), in free form or estehfied to glycerol. Examples of such fatty acids include, but are not limited to lauric acid, myhstic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, and linoleic acid.
  • the lipid material is preferably a food grade lipid material.
  • Some examples of food grade lipid materials include sorbitan monostearates, sorbitan thstearates, calcium stearoyl lactylates, and calcium stearoyl lactylates.
  • Examples of food grade fatty acid esters that are lipid materials include acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides, citric acid esters of mono- and di- glycehdes, lactic acid esters of mono- and di-gylcehdes, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides.
  • the concentration of matrix material comprising the composition can and will vary without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the matrix may comprise from about 1 % to about 99% by weight of the composition. In another embodiment, the matrix will comprise from about 25% to about 75% by weight of the composition. In still another embodiment, the matrix will comprise from about 40% to about 60% by weight of the composition. In additional embodiments, the matrix may comprise about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, or greater than about 95% by weight of the composition.
  • the composition of the invention includes at least one organic acid.
  • organic acids may be utilized in the compositions of the invention.
  • the organic acid will be a carboxylic acid or a substituted carboxylic acid having acidic properties.
  • the organic acid may also provide antimicrobial activity.
  • the organic acid may be a monocarboxylic acid having a straight chain or it may be branched; it may be saturated or unsaturated.
  • organic acids comprised of carboxylic acids are suitable.
  • the organic acid may contain from about two to about twenty-five carbon atoms.
  • the organic acid may have from about three to about twenty-two carbon atoms.
  • the organic acid may contain from about three to about twelve carbon atoms.
  • the organic acid may contain from about eight to about twelve carbon atoms.
  • the organic acid may contain from about two to about six carbon atoms.
  • Suitable organic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butanoic acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, mandelic acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, sorbic acid, boric acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, glycolic acid, cinnamaldehyde, and glutahc acid.
  • Salts of organic acids comprising carboxylic acids are also suitable for certain embodiments.
  • Representative suitable salts include the ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, and zinc salts of organic acids.
  • the organic acid is an ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, or zinc salt of formic acid.
  • the organic acid is an ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, or zinc salt of acetic acid.
  • the organic acid is an ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, or zinc salt of propionic acid.
  • the organic acid is an ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, or zinc salt of butanoic acid. In a further embodiment, the organic acid is an ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, or zinc salt of benzoic acid. In still another embodiment, the organic acid is an ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, or zinc salt of lactic acid. In yet another embodiment, the organic acid is an ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, or zinc salt of malic acid.
  • the organic acid is an ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, or zinc salt of tartaric acid. In a further embodiment, the organic acid is an ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, or zinc salt of mandelic acid. In yet another embodiment, the organic acid is an ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, or zinc salt of citric acid. In an additional embodiment, the organic acid is an ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, or zinc salt of fumaric acid.
  • the organic acid is an ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, or zinc salt of glycolic acid. In an additional embodiment, the organic acid is an ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, or zinc salt of glutaric acid.
  • the organic acid may be comprised of a substituted carboxylic acid.
  • a substituted carboxylic acid generally has the same features as those detailed above for carboxylic acids, but the hydrocarbyl chain has been modified such that it is branched, is part of a ring structure, or contains some other substitution.
  • the substituted carboxylic acid may contain one or more additional carboxyl groups.
  • Saturated dicarboxylic acids include malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, and adipic acid, and unsaturated dicarboxylic acids include maleic acid and fumaric acid.
  • the substituted carboxylic acid may contain one or more hydroxyl groups.
  • a substituted carboxylic acid with a hydroxyl group on the alpha carbon, i.e., the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl carbon, is generally called a ⁇ -hydroxy carboxylic acid.
  • suitable ⁇ -hydroxy carboxylic acids include glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, and tartaric acid.
  • the substituted carboxylic acid may contain one or more carbonyl groups.
  • the substituted carboxylic acid may contain an amino group on the alpha carbon, i.e., is an ⁇ -amino acid.
  • the ⁇ -amino acid may be one of the twenty standard amino acids or derivatives thereof.
  • the ⁇ -amino acid may be an essential ⁇ -amino acid selected from the group consisting of arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
  • Salts of organic acids comprising substituted carboxylic acids are also suitable for certain embodiments.
  • Representative suitable salts include the ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, and zinc salts of organic acids comprising substituted carboxylic acids.
  • the organic acid may be a compound having Formula (I): wherein: n is an integer from 0 to 2;
  • R 6 is an alkyl group having from one to four carbon atoms
  • R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl, amino, and -OCOR 8 Or -NHCOR 8 ;
  • R 8 is an organic acid derivative.
  • R 6 is methyl or ethyl
  • R 7 is hydroxyl or amino
  • n is 0 to 2.
  • Salts of compounds having Formula (I) are also suitable for certain embodiments.
  • Representative salts of the compound of Formula (I) include the ammonium, magnesium, calcium, lithium, sodium, potassium, selenium, iron, copper, and zinc salts.
  • the compound of Formula (I) is in the form of the calcium salt.
  • Representative amides include methylamide, dimethylamide, ethylmethylamide, butylamide, dibutylamide, butylmethylamide, alkyl ester of N-acyl methionates (e.g., alkyl N-acetyl methionates.
  • esters include the methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl esters, namely n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, and t-butyl esters, pentyl esters and hexyl esters, especially n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl and isohexyl esters.
  • (I) is 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMTBA) or a salt, amide or ester thereof, such as any of those detailed above.
  • the compound of Formula (I) is HMTBA.
  • the concentration of organic acid comprising the composition can and will vary without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the organic acid may comprise from about 1 % to about 99% by weight of the composition.
  • the organic acid will comprise from about 25% to about 75% by weight of the composition.
  • the organic acid will comprise from about 40% to about 60% by weight of the composition.
  • the organic acid may comprise about 5%, about 10%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%, about 40%, about 45%, about 50%, about 55%, about 60%, about 65%, about 70%, about 75%, about 80%, about 85%, about 90%, or greater than about 95% by weight of the composition.
  • the composition of the invention also includes at least one fatty acid.
  • the fatty acid may have a straight chain or it may be branched; it may be saturated or unsaturated.
  • the fatty acid may also be bound to other molecules, such as in triglycerides or phospholipids.
  • the fatty acid may be an uncombined or free fatty acid. In this context, a "free" fatty acid is not attached to another molecule.
  • the fatty acid is a saturated aliphatic compound having from four to twenty-two carbon atoms. In an exemplary embodiment, the fatty acid will comprise from four to twelve carbon atoms.
  • the fatty acid may be butanoic acid (C4:0), hexanoic acid (C6:0), octanoic acid (C8:0), decanoic acid (C10:0), dodecanoic acid (C12:0), tetradecanoic acid (C14:0), hexadecanoic acid (C16:0), octadecanoic acid (C18:0), eicosanoic acid (C20:0), and docosanoic acid (C22:0).
  • the fatty acid is selected from octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid. In another exemplary embodiment, the fatty acid is a mixture of octanoic acid and decanoic acid. In another exemplary embodiment, the fatty acid is a mixture of hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid.
  • the fatty acid may be an unsaturated aliphatic compound.
  • unsaturated fatty acids include a hexanoic acid with two double bonds (C6:2), myristoleic acid (i.e., a Ci 4 acid with one double bond (C14:1 )), palmitoleic acid (C16:1 ), oleic acid (C18:1 ), linoleic acid (C18:2), linolenic (C18:3), gadoleic acid (C20:1 ), arachidonic acid (C20:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6), and erucic acid (C22:1 ).
  • the concentration of fatty acid comprising the composition can and will vary without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the fatty acid may comprise from about 0.01 % to about 10% by weight of the composition.
  • the fatty acid will comprise from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight of the composition.
  • the fatty acid will comprise from about 0.1 % to about 1 % by weight of the composition.
  • the fatty acid may comprise about .05%, about 0.1 %, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, or greater than about 1 % by weight of the composition.
  • any of the organic acids detailed herein or otherwise known in the art may be combined with any of the fatty acids detailed herein or otherwise known in the art to form a composition of the invention.
  • a composition of the invention may include from one to several organic acid(s) combined with from one to several fatty acids and the composition may then be embedded in any of the matrices detailed herein. Suitable examples of combinations of organic acids and fatty acids are detailed in Table A.
  • the organic acid is selected from formic acid, fumaric acid, sorbic acid, benzoic acid, butanoic acid, propionic acid, and mixtures thereof; and the fatty acid is octanoic acid and/or decanoic acid.
  • the organic acid comprises calcium formate, sorbic acid, cinnamaldehyde, and benzoic acid; and the fatty acid is octanoic acid and/or decanoic acid.
  • the fatty acid is a mixture of hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and dodecanoic acid.
  • the embedded compositions may have from about 1 % to about 99% by weight of organic acids, from about 0.01 % to about 10% by weight of fatty acids, and from about 1 % to about 99% by weight of matrix.
  • the embedded compositions may have from about 25% to about 75% by weight of organic acids, from about 0.05% to about 5% by weight of fatty acids, and from about 25% to about 75% by weight of matrix.
  • the embedded compositions may have from about 40% to about 60% by weight of organic acids, from about 0.1 % to about 1 % by weight of fatty acids, and from about 40% to about 60% by weight of matrix.
  • the embedded composition comprises from about 20% to about 30% by weight of calcium formate; from about 10% to about 20% by weight of benzoic acid; from about 5% to about 15% by weight of sorbic acid; about 1 % by weight of cinnamaldehyde; about 1 % of the fatty acid mixture; and from about 45% to about 55% by weight of the stearic acid (or other matrix material described herein).
  • compositions of the invention may include additional ingredients without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the composition may further optionally include one or more of a mixture of natural amino acids, analogs of natural amino acids, such as a hydroxyl analog of methionine ("HMTBA"), vitamins and derivatives thereof, supplemental protein, enzymes, animal drugs, hormones, effective microorganisms, organic acids, preservatives, flavors, and inert fats.
  • HMTBA hydroxyl analog of methionine
  • Another aspect of the invention encompasses processes for making a matrix-embedded composition.
  • a process of the invention includes heating the matrix, mixing the heated matrix with the organic acid and the fatty acid to form a solution, and solidifying the solution to form a composition embedded in a matrix.
  • Any of the organic acids, fatty acids, and matrices described above may be used.
  • a lipid matrix is used (e.g., fat source).
  • the process may be initiated by heating a fat source in a vessel for a time sufficient to thoroughly liquefy the fat source.
  • the fat source is heated under continuous agitation to a temperature of from about 50 0 C to about 80 0 C.
  • the vessel may be any suitable vessel that includes a heating and agitation means.
  • the liquefied fat source may then be mixed with an organic acid and a fatty acid to form a solution.
  • the process includes mixing from about 40% by weight to about 60% by weight of a fat source with from about 40% by weight to about 60% by weight of organic acid and from about 0.1 % by weight to about 1 % by weight of a fatty acid.
  • the organic acid and fatty acid are contacted with the liquefied fat source in a mixing vessel.
  • the solution is then mixed and heated in the vessel until the organic acid and fatty acid are thoroughly dissolved and the solution reaches a temperature of from about 50 °C to about 80 0 C, preferably 55 °C.
  • the vessel may be any suitable vessel that includes a heating and agitation means.
  • the solution is then fed into a solidification vessel that crystallizes or agglomerates the solution thereby forming the matrix-embedded composition.
  • the solidification vessel is a spray tower.
  • a spray tower operates by atomizing the solution, for example with atomizers and/or nozzles, and contacting the solution with a gas at cool or low temperature. As the solution contacts the cool gas, the solution cools to a solidification temperature. Congealing then takes place at a constant temperature during release of the composition's heat of solidification. When no longer in solution, the droplets further cool to give a stable solid composition embedded in a matrix.
  • the solution typically is introduced into the solidification vessel through the top of the vessel so that as the droplets fall onto the cool gas solidification of the solution starts to occur.
  • the gas used may be any gas suitable to cool and solidify, agglomerate, or crystallize the solution.
  • the gas is selected from air and an inert gas.
  • the gas is air.
  • the cool gas is at a temperature of from about 5 0 C to about 15°C, preferably about 10 0 C.
  • Another aspect of the invention provides food, food ingredients, and feed compositions (i.e., animal feed rations) comprising organic acids and fatty acids embedded in a matrix.
  • the matrix-embedded compositions are generally designed to deliver easily absorbable nutrients to the small intestine of the animal.
  • the matrix-embedded compositions are generally resistant to degradation in the acidic stomach of a monogastric animal or degradation by rumen microorganisms in a ruminant.
  • intestinal enzymes such as lipases and esterases, may hydrolyze the composition, causing the release of the organic acid and fatty acids from the matrix.
  • the intestinal cells may readily absorb the released organic acids and fatty acids.
  • the matrix-embedded compositions may also provide antimicrobial activity within certain regions of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • the term "inhibit" when used in phrases such as “inhibiting bacteria” means any one or more of (a) killing bacteria or mold; (b) any decrease in growth of the bacteria or mold, which may be measured in terms of colony counts; (c) any decrease in the concentration of bacteria or mold; or (d) the inability of bacteria or mold to grow on a particular selection medium.
  • Each of these may be determined, for instance, by comparing the bacterial or fungal colony counts or concentration of bacteria or mold present in the absence of the application of the methods of the present invention with the bacterial or fungal colony counts or concentration of bacteria or mold after application of the methods of the present invention.
  • suitable bactericides or fungicides will show a ten-fold difference in colony counts.
  • Animals for which the food, food ingredients and/or feed compositions described herein may be provided include humans, ruminants such as dairy cows, lactating dairy cows, dairy calves, beef cattle, sheep, and goats; aquaculture such as fish and crustaceans (including, but not limited to, salmon, shrimp, carp, tilapia and shell fish); livestock such as swine and horses; poultry such as chickens, turkeys, and hatchlings thereof; and companion animals such as dogs and cats.
  • the animal is a monogasthc.
  • the concentration of matrix-embedded compositions of the invention in a particular food, food ingredient and/or feed composition can and will vary without departing from the scope of the invention.
  • the concentration of matrix-embedded compositions is between about 0.01 % and about 15% by weight.
  • the concentration is between 0.01 % and about 10% by weight; between 0.02% and about 5% by weight; between 0.03% and about 4% by weight; between 0.04% and about 3% by weight; between about 0.05% and about 0.6% by weight; and between about 0.06% and about 0.5% by weight.
  • Feed ingredients are selected according to the nutrient requirements of the particular animal for which the feed is intended; these requirements depend, interalia, upon the age and stage of development of the animal, the sex of the animal, and other factors. Feed ingredients may be grouped into eight classes on the basis of their composition and their use in formulating diets: dry forages and roughages; pasture, range plants and forages fed fresh; silages; energy feeds; protein supplements; mineral supplements; vitamin supplements; and additives. See National Research Council (U.S.) Subcommittee on Feed Composition, United States-Canadian Tables of Feed Composition, 3d rev., National Academy Press, pp.
  • the animal ration is formulated for aquatic animals.
  • the feed formulation depends upon the organism being cultured and the developmental stage of the organism.
  • Typical aquaculture preparations contain energy sources, e.g., protein from animal blood meal, meat and bone meal, poultry meal, crab meal, fish meal, shrimp meal, squid meal, and krill; protein/carbohydrates from plants (e.g., alginates, canola, corn, corn gluten, cottonseed meal, kelp meal, molasses, legumes, peanut meal, rice, soybeans, soy protein concentrate, soybean meal, wheat, and wheat gluten); and oils (e.g., fish oil, vegetable oil).
  • energy sources e.g., protein from animal blood meal, meat and bone meal, poultry meal, crab meal, fish meal, shrimp meal, squid meal, and krill
  • protein/carbohydrates from plants e.g., alginates, canola, corn, corn gluten, cottonseed meal, kelp meal, molasses, legume
  • the feed preparation may be further supplemented with amino acids (e.g., arginine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine); vitamins, minerals, enzymes, mycotoxin inhibitors, ammonia binders (e.g., botanical binders, clay mineral binders), emulsifiers, carotenoids, sterols, flavor enhancers, nutriceuticals, immunostimulants, and probiotics.
  • amino acids e.g., arginine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine
  • vitamins, minerals, enzymes, mycotoxin inhibitors e.g., botanical binders, clay mineral binders
  • emulsifiers e.g., carotenoids, sterols, flavor enhancers
  • the animal feed ration is formulated for poultry.
  • feed formulations depend in part upon the age and stage of development of the animal to be fed.
  • Leeson and Summers (Nutrition of the Chicken, 4 th ed., pp. 502-510, University Books 2001 )) describe several representative poultry diets for pullets, layers, broilers and broiler breeders.
  • most chicken diets contain energy concentrates such as corn, oats, wheat, barley, or sorghum; protein sources such as soybean meal, other oilseed meals (e.g., peanut, sesame, safflower, sunflower, etc.), cottonseed meal, animal protein sources (meat and bone meal, dried whey, fish meal, etc.), grain legumes (e.g., dry beans, field peas, etc.), and alfalfa; and vitamin and mineral supplements, if necessary (for instance, meat and bone meal is high in calcium and phosphorous, and thus these minerals do not need to be supplemented in a feed ration containing meat and bone meal).
  • energy concentrates such as corn, oats, wheat, barley, or sorghum
  • protein sources such as soybean meal, other oilseed meals (e.g., peanut, sesame, safflower, sunflower, etc.), cottonseed meal, animal protein sources (meat and bone meal, dried whey, fish meal, etc.), grain legume
  • the animal ration is formulated for a ruminant animal.
  • the nutrient and energy content of many common ruminant feed ingredients have been measured and are available to the public.
  • the National Research Council has published books that contain tables of common ruminant feed ingredients and their respective measured nutrient and energy content. Additionally, estimates of nutrient and maintenance energy requirements are provided for growing and finishing cattle according to the weight of the cattle. National Academy of Sciences, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, Appendix Tables 1-19, 192-214, (National Academy Press, 2000); Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle (2001 ), each incorporated herein in its entirety. This information can be utilized by one skilled in the art to estimate the nutritional and maintenance energy requirements of cattle with non-functional rumens, such as calves under about 500 lbs in weight, or cattle with functional rumens, such as growing cattle or dairy cattle.
  • the matrix-embedded compositions may be formulated as liquids, emulsions, or dry or powdered supplements to be added to other foods, such as grains, protein products, and mixtures thereof.
  • the dry feed supplement may be uniformly dispersed throughout a dry or liquid food.
  • Feed compositions may also be provided as aqueous formulations.
  • An aqueous formulation may be a solution or an emulsion.
  • the aqueous formulation may be added directly to the drinking water of an animal or it may be mixed into or applied to a dry or liquid food.
  • the matrix-embedded compositions may be mixed with the other ingredients in the feed, such as the corn, soybean meal, other feed supplements, etc., as the feed is being formulated. Alternatively, the matrix-embedded compositions may be applied to a pre-mixed or pre-pelleted feed.
  • alkyl groups described herein are preferably lower alkyl containing from one to eight carbon atoms in the principal chain and up to 20 carbon atoms. They may be straight or branched chain or cyclic and include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, hexyl and the like.
  • alkenyl groups described herein are preferably lower alkenyl containing from two to eight carbon atoms in the principal chain and up to 20 carbon atoms. They may be straight or branched chain or cyclic and include ethenyl, propenyl, isopropenyl, butenyl, isobutenyl, hexenyl, and the like.
  • aryl or “ar” as used herein alone or as part of another group denote optionally substituted homocyclic aromatic groups, preferably monocyclic or bicyclic groups containing from 6 to 12 carbons in the ring portion, such as phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, substituted phenyl, substituted biphenyl or substituted naphthyl. Phenyl and substituted phenyl are the more preferred aryl.
  • Carboxylic acid refers to organic acids comprising hydrocarbon groups that contain a carboxyl group (COOH).
  • the hydrocarbon moiety consists exclusively of the elements carbon and hydrogen.
  • Carboxylic acids may have straight chains (aliphatic) of hydrocarbyl groups, or they may be aromatic carboxylic acids, as well as some alicyclic carboxylic acids (i.e., both aliphatic and cyclic).
  • Straight chain aliphatic carboxylic acids preferably have 3 to 24 carbons (including the terminal carboxyl carbon).
  • the hydrocarbon chain of an aliphatic carboxylic acid may be saturated (i.e., the carbon atoms have all the hydrogen atoms they can hold) and contain no double bonds between the carbons.
  • essential amino acid is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized by an organism and must be supplied as part of its diet. It is generally recognized that ten amino acids are essential for humans and animals.
  • the essential amino acids are arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine.
  • heterocyclo or “heterocyclic” as used herein alone or as part of another group denote optionally substituted, fully saturated or unsaturated, monocyclic or bicyclic, aromatic or nonaromatic groups having at least one heteroatom in at least one ring, and preferably 5 or 6 atoms in each ring.
  • the heterocyclo group preferably has 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, 1 or 2 sulfur atoms, and/or 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms in the ring, and may be bonded to the remainder of the molecule through a carbon or heteroatom.
  • heterocyclo include heteroaromatics such as furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, or isoquinolinyl and the like.
  • substituents include one or more of the following groups: hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, keto, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, halogen, amido, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol, ketals, acetals, esters and ethers.
  • heteroaromatic as used herein alone or as part of another group denote optionally substituted aromatic groups having at least one heteroatom in at least one ring, and preferably 5 or 6 atoms in each ring.
  • the heteroaromatic group preferably has 1 or 2 oxygen atoms, 1 or 2 sulfur atoms, and/or 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms in the ring, and may be bonded to the remainder of the molecule through a carbon or heteroatom.
  • Exemplary heteroaromatics include furyl, thienyl, pyridyl, oxazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, or isoquinolinyl and the like.
  • substituents include one or more of the following groups: hydrocarbyl, substituted hydrocarbyl, keto, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, acyl, acyloxy, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, halogen, amido, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol, ketals, acetals, esters and ethers.
  • HMTBA stands for 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid
  • hydrocarbon and “hydrocarbyl” as used herein describe organic compounds or radicals consisting exclusively of the elements carbon and hydrogen. These moieties include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moieties. These moieties also include alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moieties substituted with other aliphatic or cyclic hydrocarbon groups, such as alkaryl, alkenaryl and alkynaryl. Unless otherwise indicated, these moieties preferably comprise 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • substituted carboxylic acid refers to substitutions within the hydrocarbyl chain of a straight chain aliphatic carboxylic acid.
  • Hydrocarbyl moieties may be substituted with at least one atom, including the substitution of a carbon atom with a heteroatom such as nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or a halogen atom.
  • substitutions may also include hydrocarbyl moieties, such as alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and aryl moieties, with these moieties having one to 20 carbon atoms.
  • substituted moieties include hydrocarbyloxy, such as acyloxy, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyl, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, cyano, thiol, ketals, acetals, heterocyclo, esters and ethers.
  • Dicarboxylic acids contain an additional carboxyl group at the other end of the molecule.
  • ⁇ -Hydroxy acids are another type of substituted carboxylic acid; ⁇ -hydroxy acids generally have a hydroxyl group on the alpha carbon atom (i.e., the carbon adjacent to the terminal carbonyl carbon).
  • ⁇ -Amino acids which have an amino group on the alpha carbon, are also substituted carboxylic acids.
  • substituted hydrocarbyl moieties described herein are hydrocarbyl moieties which are substituted with at least one atom other than carbon, including moieties in which a carbon chain atom is substituted with a hetero atom such as nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, phosphorous, boron, sulfur, or a halogen atom.
  • substituents include halogen, carbocycle, aryl, heterocyclo, alkoxy, alkenoxy, alkynoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, keto, acyl, acyloxy, nitro, amino, amido, nitro, cyano, thiol, ketals, acetals, esters and ethers.
  • Example 1 Method of making composition
  • a series of storage bins containing the different organic acid pellets will be positioned and connected to a main mixer bin. Vegetal oil will be warmed in the mixer until it liquefies. Next, the solid materials (acids) will be added to start the mixing process. After the mix has reached a desired pressure and temperature, it will be pumped (using continuous flow) to the top of a spraying tower. There the mix will pass though a nozzles that spray the mix through a column of cool air resulting in the crystallization of the mix into fatty spheres. These spheres will fall to the bottom of the tower due to gravity. While falling, the spheres will cool down. At the bottom of the tower are three separate layers of screens that vary in size. The screens will separate the spheres based on size; only the mid-size product will be kept. The other two sizes will be sent through the process again to avoid wasting materials, and to ensure uniform blending characteristics of the product at the feed mill plant.
  • a composition of the invention was fed to weaned pigs as part of a management program trial.
  • the program was designed to test whether the pigs could maintain a high health status and a daily weight gain while receiving moderated feed.
  • the trial was run at the Research and Demonstration Station of St. Wendelin of the Bingen Institute, Germany.
  • 104 piglets, male/female cross hybrid were fed for 21 days with one of three different treatments. A total of 8 groups with 13 piglets each were used.
  • the piglets were fed 0.3% (of dry matter) of an embedded composition of the invention, another organic acid composition, or a control diet.
  • the piglets fed the composition of the invention had a greater final weight gain and a greater weight development than the piglets fed a control diet or another organic acid composition (see figure 1 ). Additionally, the piglets fed the composition of the invention had greater daily weight gain than the piglets fed a control diet or another organic acid composition (see figure 2). Furthermore, the piglets fed the composition of the invention had a lower (i.e. more efficient) feed conversion than the piglets fed a control diet or another organic acid composition (see figure 3).

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
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  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

De façon générale, cette invention concerne des compositions incorporées dans une matrice qui comprennent des acides organiques et des acides gras. Ces compositions peuvent être administrées à un animal dans le but de fournir des acides organiques et des acides gras intact à l'intestin grêle dudit animal. L'invention concerne également des rations alimentaires pour animaux monogastriques renfermant les compositions incorporées à une matrice.
EP07871446A 2006-11-17 2007-11-13 Compositions incorporées à une matrice, comprenant des acides organiques et des acides gras Withdrawn EP2094242A4 (fr)

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US8691843B2 (en) 2006-07-12 2014-04-08 Novus International, Inc. Antioxidant combinations for use in ruminant feed rations
WO2009088879A1 (fr) 2008-01-04 2009-07-16 Novus International Inc. Combinaisons pour améliorer la santé et la performance d'un animal
ES2703051T3 (es) * 2012-07-12 2019-03-06 Novus Int Inc Composiciones de matriz y de capa para la protección de agentes bioactivos
EP3649870A1 (fr) 2013-10-09 2020-05-13 Nutrition Sciences N.V. Composition d'acides gras à chaîne moyenne et aliment enrichi par la composition
BE1021007B1 (nl) * 2013-10-09 2014-12-11 Nutrition Sciences N.V. Samenstelling en voeder omvattende middenlange vetzuurketens
US20180125795A1 (en) * 2017-01-03 2018-05-10 Thermolife International, Llc Cinnamaldehyde compositions and methods
EP3681310A1 (fr) * 2017-09-13 2020-07-22 Rrip, Llc Compositions et procédés pour renforcer l'activité antimicrobienne et immunitaire
CN110506779B (zh) * 2019-09-27 2021-08-24 河南景珍生物科技有限公司 一种人工合成胶原蛋白高韧性肠衣及其制备方法

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US20040009206A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-15 Andrea Piva Composition for use in animal nutrition comprising a controlled release lipid matrix, method for preparing the composition and method for the treatment of monogastric animals

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SE502569C2 (sv) * 1991-05-31 1995-11-13 British Tech Group Användning av en immunologiskt inert matris av en sterol och saponiner som kan bilda sfäriska nanopartiklar med snäv storleksfördelning som läkemedelsbärare, partiklar, komposition samt kit
CA2248787A1 (fr) * 1996-03-13 1997-09-18 Don J. Pestell Limited Complement alimentaire pour animaux
DE10147186A1 (de) * 2001-09-25 2003-04-24 Beiersdorf Ag Wirkstoffkombinationen aus Polyhexamethylenbiguanid-Hydrochlorid und Distearyldimethylammoniumchlorid und Zubereitungen, solche Wirkstoffkombinationen enthaltend
US20040156816A1 (en) * 2002-08-06 2004-08-12 David Anderson Lipid-drug complexes in reversed liquid and liquid crystalline phases

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WO2001097799A1 (fr) * 2000-06-20 2001-12-27 Nutrition Sciences Acides gras a chaines moyennes utilisables comme agents antimicrobiens
US20040009206A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-15 Andrea Piva Composition for use in animal nutrition comprising a controlled release lipid matrix, method for preparing the composition and method for the treatment of monogastric animals

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EP2094242A4 (fr) 2009-12-23
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RU2009122980A (ru) 2010-12-27
WO2008061078A3 (fr) 2008-11-20
CA2693918A1 (fr) 2008-05-22
WO2008061078A2 (fr) 2008-05-22
MX2009005228A (es) 2009-05-28

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