EP2089577B1 - Edifice foundation, and method for the production thereof - Google Patents

Edifice foundation, and method for the production thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2089577B1
EP2089577B1 EP07846910A EP07846910A EP2089577B1 EP 2089577 B1 EP2089577 B1 EP 2089577B1 EP 07846910 A EP07846910 A EP 07846910A EP 07846910 A EP07846910 A EP 07846910A EP 2089577 B1 EP2089577 B1 EP 2089577B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load transfer
transfer cap
wood pile
pile
wood
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Not-in-force
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EP07846910A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2089577A2 (en
Inventor
Florian Icard-Reuter
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Plan B Ek Inhaber Florian Icard-Reuter
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Plan B Ek Inhaber Florian Icard-Reuter
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Publication of EP2089577A2 publication Critical patent/EP2089577A2/en
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Publication of EP2089577B1 publication Critical patent/EP2089577B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/10—Deep foundations
    • E02D27/12—Pile foundations
    • E02D27/16—Foundations formed of separate piles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a building foundation with at least one foundation element, which preferably comprises a wood pile anchored in the ground by ramming and a load-transfer cap which can be slipped over the upper end of the wood pile, which introduces building loads into the wood pile and preferably has positive connection means for connecting a building element to be supported.
  • the Lastabtragskappe forms an at least fluid-tight, preferably also gas-tight, pile protection sleeve which surrounds the wood pile from its upper end down to a moisture change area down fluid-tight.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a building foundation, in which at least one wooden pile is anchored in a water bottom, so that an upper portion of the wood pile protrudes above the water level, wherein the wood pile is provided at its upper end with a load transfer cap, so that the Wooden post is enclosed under the water level by the Lastäbtragskappe.
  • Lastabtragskappen In order to be able to initiate the building or building loads better in the anchored in the ground or ground wooden piles, Lastabtragskappen can be slipped over the upper ends of the wooden poles, where then the other parts to be supported structural parts are connected. Such Lastabtragskappen hold the body of the wooden pile in particular transversely to the fiber direction together and prevent the wood pile under the considerable building or building burdens apart or otherwise damaged. As is known, the strength of wood is strongly dependent on the direction and is considerably reduced transversely to the fiber longitudinal direction. In addition, such a load transfer cap can distribute the load entry over the pile cross section. In other words, such load-transfer caps improve the ability of the wood pile to absorb the shear stresses induced transversely to the fiber's longitudinal direction by the vertical structural loads.
  • a building foundation according to the preamble of claim 1 shows the GB-A-2028405 according to which a foundation pile is surrounded by a polypropylene jacket, wherein the space between the foundation pile and the polypropylene jacket is foamed with a polyurethane foam. Furthermore, the beats GB-A-21 23 872 To provide the buried end of a wood pile with a polypropylene shell, which sits on the inside of the wood mitred fins.
  • the present invention seeks to provide an improved foundation of the type mentioned above and an improved method for its production, avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and further develop the latter in an advantageous manner.
  • the wood pile used as a foundation element should be better protected against rot and at the same time reliably intercept even high structural loads.
  • the load transfer cap forms an at least fluid-tight, preferably also gas-tight, pile protection sleeve which encloses the wood pile in a fluid-tight manner from its upper end down to a moisture change region.
  • the wooden pile is kept evenly or evenly dry by the load transfer cap. Due to the double function of the load transfer cap, which on the one hand initiates the structural loads in the wooden pile and on the other hand forms a moisture barrier, the structure of the foundation element can be kept simple overall despite the additional rottenness protection. In particular, can be dispensed with separate, additional rottening measures, such as separate Dachpappenumwicklisme etc.
  • the foundation of the building can advantageously be used in hydraulic engineering.
  • the wood pile is in the water and / or groundwater, so that a part of the wood pile is anchored in the water bottom or ground, a second part of the wood pile is under water and a third part of the wooden stake extends over water.
  • the load transfer cap which is slipped over the upper end of the wood pile, to below drawn the water level, wherein a Lastabtragskappeninnenraum in which the wood pile is received, with liquid to above the water level addition, preferably is substantially completely filled up to the upper end of the wood pile.
  • such a design of the moisture barrier of a standing in the water wooden stake can be advantageously prepared by the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum is filled to the upper end of the wood pile by means of an initially open filling and / or vent with liquid and then lying above the water level filling and / or vent in the load transfer cap fluid and gas tight, so that in the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum over the water level reaching liquid column is held.
  • the Lastabtragskappe can in principle be placed over the wood pile before or after the anchoring of the wood pile in the river bottom, it may be advantageous first to anchor the wooden pile without load transfer cap in the riverbed, then cut off the wood pile to the desired length and finally the Lastabtragskappe from above to put it over the top of the wooden post. Then, in the aforementioned manner, the load compartment interior is filled with liquid.
  • the Lastabtragskappe in the region of the upper end of the wooden pile, in particular in the region of the upper end of the Lastabtragskappe, a fluid and gas-tight sealable filling opening, via which the liquid, in particular water, are filled in the Lastabtragskappe or their wood pile receiving interior can.
  • the load transfer cap in the region of its upper end may also have a vent opening which can be closed in a fluid-tight and gas-tight manner, so that the air located in the load transfer cap interior before filling can be better displaced.
  • This would also make it possible, for example, to fill the load transfer cap interior with water from below, for example by pressing water between the wood pile and the load transfer cap via a filling opening provided at the lower end.
  • the filling opening and / or the venting opening can in principle be closed by various, preferably detachable, multiply closable closure means, for example they could be welded closed after the filling process.
  • the filling opening and / or the vent opening can also be formed in the form of a threaded hole and closed by a bolt, if necessary, with a suitable seal.
  • the vent opening could be formed by a vent valve, preferably a valve operating in the manner of a check valve, the air from the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum escape, but does not allow air to enter the load-discharge cap interior.
  • a wood pile used in hydraulic engineering ends the load transfer cap above the water bottom, in which the wood stake is anchored, so as to ensure that the above-mentioned second part of the wood pile is lapped by water, so that overall the entire pile evenly moist held and also the favorable anchoring properties of a wooden pile in the ground can be fully utilized.
  • the wood pile through its wooden surface - better than a concrete or steel pile - so to speak festseaugen in the body of water.
  • the use of the foundation of the building according to the present invention is not limited to hydraulic engineering, but can also be used advantageously in "dry" earthworks. It is provided in a further development of the invention that extends the load transfer cap into the ground beyond its moisture change area, so that the protruding from the ground part of the wood pile and the exposed in the upper, the moisture change layer of soil sticking portion of the wood pile of the Lastabtragskappe fluid-tight are enclosed.
  • the Lastabtragskappe may extend to about the depth of frost boundary of the soil in this, so that the portion of the wood pile in the transition region between soil and air and the uppermost layer of soil, which is exposed to the moisture, kept uniformly dry and preserved from the moisture change of the uppermost layer of soil is.
  • the envelope depth of the load transfer cap can be chosen differently. Preferably, it will extend at least 20 cm, more preferably 50 cm or more into the ground, so that no moisture change can occur on the wooden pile. However, the deeper into the ground reaching portion of the wood pile can remain free, ie not be enclosed by the Lastabtragskappe because in the said deeper soil layers no relevant moisture change occurs, which would cause the rot of the pile to be prevented.
  • the load transfer cap sits free of intermediate layers directly on the wood pile, so that the preferably fluid and gas-tight pile protection sleeve load transfer cap hermetically encloses the wood pile.
  • the Lastabtragskappe can sit with a press fit on the wooden pile.
  • the latter can advantageously be produced by pre-drying the wood pile. If the wood pile is dried sufficiently far enough, it contracts to a diameter with which it can be easily inserted into the load transfer cap. If the humidity increases again, the wooden pole expands again and the load-bearing cap sits on the wooden pole with a strong press fit.
  • the wood pile has sections with different cell density.
  • the wood pile is provided by the permanently greatly increased pressure exerted by the enclosing sleeve on the expanding wood, that the wood pile has a permanently compacted Hol Vietnamese in its arranged in the moisture change section section, while he is in his under the moisture change region located section an uncompressed wood structure can have.
  • the wood pile receives increased strength, increased rigidity and / or increased resistance to decay, especially in the sensitive moisture change region, while the lower-lying wood pile section can retain its inherent elasticity through the uncompacted region.
  • the entire wooden pile that is to say also the section located below the moisture change region, obtains such a compacted, permanent structural change with respect to its natural wood structure through pretreatment.
  • a structural compression so to speak in the manner of a Petrification, which reduces wood inclusions and increases fiber density and increases volume specific weight, significantly improves the fatigue strength of the wood pile.
  • Such a permanent wood structure change can basically be obtained by various pretreatments, in particular by a uniform radial pressing of the wood pile transversely to its fiber direction with sufficiently high transverse pressures.
  • this wood structure modification can be obtained by pre-drying the wood pile before slipping the load-transfer coping, lowering the moisture content of the wood pile to the extent that the outside diameter of the wood pile is reduced below the inside diameter of the load transfer coping, and the moisture content of the wood chip Wood pile after passing the Lastabtragskappe is again increased so that the wood pile undergoes a permanent change in wood structure by the increase in diameter associated with the increase in moisture content and the consequent constriction by the Lastabtragskappe.
  • the moisture content is lowered by the predrying to the extent that the wood pile a diameter taper - compared to its diameter at "normal" moisture content that occurs when stored in ambient conditions, especially when stored in the later intended installation situation - by at least 5%, preferably 10% or more.
  • the diameter taper can be due to the predrying in the centimeter range, in particular in the range of 0.5 to 5 centimeters, preferably 1 to 3 centimeters.
  • the diameter of the load transfer cap is chosen so that the Lastabtragskappen inside diameter substantially corresponds to the wooden pile outer diameter in its pre-dried state or provided a very slight clearance in the millimeter or millimeter fraction portion which ensures a smooth slipping over of the load transfer cap.
  • the moisture content of the wood to less than 15%, in particular even less than 10% can be lowered.
  • the shrinkage of the wood due to drying is transverse to the fiber in the radial direction 3 to 6%, in the tangential direction 6 to 12%.
  • Said advantageous structural change in the wood structure can alternatively or additionally also be achieved by further pressing measures which may be used to support it.
  • the Lastabtragskappe can be heated and cooled after slipping back to press the wood pile transversely to its longitudinal fiber direction.
  • the body of the load transfer cap is formed perforation-free in an advantageous embodiment of the invention.
  • the Lastabtragskappe is formed completely perforation at least until and above the humidity change region. Possibly. Perforations could be provided in a section of the load transfer cap below the humidity change zone, ie where they are no longer harmful. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the load transfer cap is formed completely perforation-free.
  • connection means of the load transfer cap can basically be designed differently.
  • the connection means can act positively and in particular have at least one screwing element to which the component to be supported can be screwed.
  • a preferably centrally arranged screw sleeve can be provided on the body of the load transfer cap, into which a threaded rod can be screwed, to which in turn the structural part to be supported is fastened.
  • Any type of known support foot technology is conceivable for the connection. Purely form-fitting connection, for example with terrace coverings, is also possible and, depending on economic aspects, sufficient depending on the design and statics.
  • connection means are advantageously mounted in the invention alone on the outside of the body of Lastabtragskappe, in particular no passing through the wall of Lastabtragskappe fasteners such as rivets, bolts, etc. are provided so that the protective cover formed by the load transfer cap is completely intact.
  • the connection means may be welded and / or glued to the outside of the load transfer cap.
  • the load-transfer cap can also have integrally molded load-receiving sections, on which the structural part to be supported can be fixed by means of suitable fastening means. A clamp-like enclosure of the body is also possible (clamping principle).
  • connection means can also fulfill a dual function, in particular such that they serve on the one hand as a connection for the component to be connected to the pile or the load transfer cap and on the other hand fasten the load transfer cap to the wood pile.
  • connection means in a further development of the invention can pass through the wall of the load transfer cap and extend into the interior of the load transfer cap, where said connection means or the corresponding section is anchored to the wood pile.
  • a bolt may be threaded through the load transfer cap and screwed into the body of the wood pile so that a load transfer effect is achieved not only via the load transfer cap but also directly via the connection means.
  • the connection means extend through the load-removal cap, the corresponding passage opening is advantageously assigned a seal which effects a hermetic seal of the passage.
  • the connecting means can in principle be arranged at different locations and be adapted to the installation situation of the building foundation as well as the structural parts to be connected.
  • connecting means arranged on the surface side can be provided, in particular in such a way that a connection fitting, for example in the form of a steel plate, is fastened peripherally rigidly to the load transfer cap, so that lateral connection of further components is possible.
  • this is alternatively or additionally provided at least one connection means on the top or front side of the load transfer cap, whereby a favorable load transfer can be achieved.
  • a screwing element may be arranged substantially coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the load-transferring cap.
  • the load transfer cap can basically consist of different materials.
  • both the wood pile and the Lastabtragskappe may have a substantially circular cylindrical shape.
  • a circular cylindrical shape is preferred which uniformly distributes the forces introduced by the press fit on the mantle surface side and ensures a uniform, tight enclosure of the wooden post.
  • FIG. 1 illustrated Wasserbaufundament comprises as a foundation element 1 a wooden pile 2, which is arranged standing in the water 4 and may be driven with its lower end in the waterbed, but may also be embedded in concrete or anchored in any other way.
  • a wooden pile 2 protrudes with its upper end on the water level 5 out of the water 4.
  • a sleeve-shaped, closed at the upper end Lastabtragskappe 2 is slipped, which sits with its frontal body portion on the upper end of the wood pile 3 and encloses with its mantelflambaigen body portion 7, the peripheral side of the wood pile 3.
  • the Lastabtragskappe 2 is pulled down to below the water level 5, and advantageously so far that, taking into account the possible swell, possible tidal fluctuations or other water level elevations and decreases the Lastabtragskappe 2 with the lower end of its mantelflumbleigen body portion 7 always in the water 4 dips.
  • the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum 9 in which the wooden stake 3 is inserted, is advantageously filled with water, so that in the load transfer cap 2, so to speak, a standing Held water column which extends beyond the water level 5 and extends to the upper end of the wood pile 3, so that the latter is kept completely moist.
  • the wood pile 3 In the non-jacketed area of the load transfer cap 2, the wood pile 3 is surrounded by the water 4. The portion of the wooden pile 3 accommodated in the load transfer cap 2 is moistened by the water column held therein.
  • the water column is of course not really a complete water column, but only on the outer peripheral surface of the wood pile 3 often present cracks and gaps and possible gaps are held full of water, which can not flow, since the Lastabtragskappe 2 forms a fluid-tight and gas-tight pile protection sleeve can hold water in the manner of a fallen water glass.
  • the latter has a filling opening 11 and a vent opening 12 (cf. FIG. 1 ), which can both be closed fluid-tight and gas-tight.
  • a filling opening 11 and a vent opening 12 (cf. FIG. 1 ), which can both be closed fluid-tight and gas-tight.
  • About these two openings 11 and 12 of the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum 9 can be filled with water, especially after the wood pile 3 is anchored in the body of water.
  • the filling and vent openings 11 and 12 are initially opened, water is introduced into the load transfer cap 2 from above through the filling opening 11, the two openings 11 and 12 then being closed in a liquid-tight and gastight manner after complete filling.
  • the foundation element 1 formed by the wood pile 3 and the load transfer cap 2 can be found in the in FIG. 1 drawn execution, for example, a boathouse wear.
  • a structural element 13 of the structure to be supported sits advantageously frontally on the upper end of the Lastabtragskappe 2, which has the fixed connection connection means 14, the in the illustrated embodiment according to FIG. 1 from a sleeve nut 15, which is firmly welded to the end face 8 of the load transfer cap 2, as well as a screwed into the sleeve nut 15 threaded rod.
  • the structural element 13, for example, a boathouse beam positively secured.
  • the foundation element 1 is also formed by the wood pile 3 and the load transfer cap 2, but unlike FIG. 2 not in hydraulic engineering, but used in "dry" earthworks.
  • the foundation element 1 in FIG. 2 For example, you can carry a garden shed or a wooden terrace.
  • FIG. 1 stands the wooden post 3 in the execution FIG. 2 not in the water, but is anchored in the ground 17, wherein the wood pile 3 is advantageously anchored to at least the freezing depth of the ground 17 in this.
  • the Lastabtragskappe 2 is in the execution after FIG. 2 pulled down to the ground 17, wherein it hermetically encloses the wood pile 3 advantageously up to the humidity change region 18 at the top soil layer.
  • the load transfer cap 2 reaches at least 20 cm deep into the ground, preferably more than 50 cm. In any case, the enclosure depth of Lastabtragskappe 2 is drawn into the ground 17 so far that the wood pile 3 is exposed to any moisture change in the such a change in humidity facing upper soil layers.
  • the Lastabtragskappe the execution FIG. 2 designed as a liquid and gas-tight pile protection sleeve which hermetically encloses the wooden pile 3.
  • the load transfer cap 2 can be seated with an interference fit on the wood pile 3, for the production of which the wood pile 3 is advantageously first dried down sufficiently in a predrying step so that it sufficiently contracts and fits into the load transfer cap 2.
  • the wood pile 3 expands again, so that it sits firmly with a press fit in the load transfer cap 2.
  • a structural element 13 of the structure to be supported via a frontally arranged, centrally positioned sleeve nut 15 and a threaded rod 16 screwed thereto fastened to the foundation element 1.
  • connection means 14 can also pass through the load transfer cap 2.
  • the connection means 14 comprise a threaded rod 16, which is screwed centrally from above through the upper end face of the load transfer cap 2 into the wood pile 3.
  • the load transfer cap 2 comprises a central passage hole through which the threaded rod 14 can pass, cf.
  • the wood pile 3 may optionally have a pilot hole with a threaded section, so that the threaded rod 16 can be screwed into the meat of the wood pile 3.
  • a nut 19 In order to prevent unintentional loosening of the threaded rod 16, this is countered by means of a nut 19 from above against the end face of the Lastabtragskappe 2.
  • the said passage opening 20, through which the threaded rod 16 passes through associated with a seal 21, which may be formed basically different.
  • a seal 21 For example, between the threaded rod and Lastabtragskappe elastic silicone agents act as a seal.
  • a disc seal 21 is advantageously placed under the lock nut 19.
  • connection means 14 can be arranged both on the front side on the upper side of the load transfer cap 2 and on the circumference of said load transfer cap 2.
  • the connecting means 14 comprise frontally on the upper side of the load transfer cap 2 an angle fitting 22, which is tightened by means of a threaded bolt 16 on the upper side of the load transfer cap, said threaded bolt 16 in the previously in connection with Fig. 3 described manner screwed into the wooden pile 3 and can be sealed accordingly.
  • a transverse bearing 23 is attached as an annexed building element in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the load transfer cap 2 comprises on its peripheral side another connection means 14 in the form of a mounting bracket 24 which is arranged upright in the illustrated embodiment and rigidly secured to the outer peripheral surface of the load transfer cap.
  • the latter can be done by welding, as in Fig. 5 shown. However, it may also be a clamping, for example by means of a load transfer cap enclosing clasp or another suitable attachment selected.
  • a rod support 25 In the illustrated embodiment according to Fig. 4 is attached to said mounting bracket 24 a rod support 25.

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Abstract

The invention relates to an edifice foundation comprising at least one foundation element which encompasses a wooden pole that can preferably be anchored in the ground by ramming the same in and a load-transferring cap that can be slid over the upper end of the wooden pole, introduces edifice loads into the wooden pole, and is preferably fitted with positive means for connecting an edifice element to be supported. The invention further relates to a method for producing such an edifice foundation. According to the invention, the load transferring cap is simultaneously used as a device that prevents rotting, wherefore the same is designed so as to prevent humidity transfer on the wooden pole. The load transferring cap forms an at least fluid-tight, preferably also gas-tight, pole protecting jacket which fluid-tightly encloses the wooden pole from the upper end thereof down to a humidity transfer zone. The load transferring cap keeps the wooden pole uniformly humid or uniformly dry according to the mounting situation. The pole protecting jacket keeps the wooden pole by and large humid beyond the water level if the latter is used as a foundation for a hydraulic structure. Advantageously, the wooden pole has a permanently modified, particularly compressed wood structure in the area surrounded by the pole protecting jacket.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Bauwerksfundament mit zumindest einem Gründungselement, das einen im Erdboden vorzugsweise durch Einrammen verankerbaren Holzpfahl sowie eine über das obere Ende des Holzpfahls stülpbare Lastabtragskappe umfasst, die Bauwerkslasten in den Holzpfahl einleitet und vorzugsweise formschlüssige Anschlussmittel zum Anschluss eines zu stützenden Bauwerkelements aufweist, wobei die Lastabtragskappe eine zumindest fluiddichte, vorzugsweise auch gasdichte, Pfahlschutzhülse bildet, die den Holzpfahl von seinem oberen Ende her bis in einen Feuchtewechselbereich hinunter fluiddicht umschließt. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauwerkfundaments, bei dem zumindest ein Holzpfahl in einem Gewässerboden verankert wird, so dass ein oberer Abschnitt des Holzpfahls über den Wasserspiegel hervorragt, wobei der Holzpfahl an seinem oberen Ende mit einer Lastabtragskappe versehen wird, so dass der Holzpfahl bis unter den Wasserspiegel von der Lastäbtragskappe umschlossen ist.The present invention relates to a building foundation with at least one foundation element, which preferably comprises a wood pile anchored in the ground by ramming and a load-transfer cap which can be slipped over the upper end of the wood pile, which introduces building loads into the wood pile and preferably has positive connection means for connecting a building element to be supported. wherein the Lastabtragskappe forms an at least fluid-tight, preferably also gas-tight, pile protection sleeve which surrounds the wood pile from its upper end down to a moisture change area down fluid-tight. The invention further relates to a method for producing a building foundation, in which at least one wooden pile is anchored in a water bottom, so that an upper portion of the wood pile protrudes above the water level, wherein the wood pile is provided at its upper end with a load transfer cap, so that the Wooden post is enclosed under the water level by the Lastäbtragskappe.

Es ist seit Jahrhunderten bekannt, für Bauwerksgründungen Holzpfähle zu verwenden, die im Erdboden verankert werden und Gebäude- bzw. Bauwerkslasten in den Erdboden abtragen. Ein prominentes Beispiel dieser besonders in früheren Epochen der Baugeschichte beliebten Form der Bauwerksgründung sind die Pallazi Venedigs, die größtenteils auf in den Erdboden der Lagune gerammten Holzpfählen stehen. Auch heute noch werden im Wasserbau regelmäßig Holzpfähle zur Bauwerksgründung verwendet, beispielsweise für Steg- und Pieranlagen. Bauwerksgründungen mit Holzpfählen finden jedoch nicht nur im Wasserbau Verwendung, sondern auch im "trockenen" Erdbau, beispielsweise als Gründungselemente für Gartenhäuschen, Holzterrassen, Balkonstützen oder auch ganz allgemein im Landschaftsgartenbau.It has been known for centuries to use wooden piles for building foundations, which are anchored in the ground and remove building or building burdens into the ground. A prominent example of this form of building, which was particularly popular in earlier epochs of architectural history, is the Pallazi Venice, which for the most part stands on wooden pillars rammed into the ground of the lagoon. Even today, in hydraulic engineering, wood piles are regularly used for building foundations, for example for pier and pier systems. However, building foundations with wooden posts are not only used in hydraulic engineering, but also in "dry" earthworks, for example as foundation elements for garden sheds, wooden terraces, balcony supports or also generally in landscape gardening.

Um die Gebäude- bzw. Bauwerkslasten besser in die im Boden bzw. Grund verankerten Holzpfähle einleiten zu können, können über die oberen Enden der Holzpfähle Lastabtragskappen gestülpt werden, an denen dann die weiteren, abzustützenden Bauwerksteile angeschlossen werden. Derartige Lastabtragskappen halten den Korpus des Holzpfahls insbesondere quer zu dessen Faserrichtung zusammen und verhindern, dass der Holzpfahl unter den beträchtlichen Gebäude- bzw. Bauwerkslasten auseinanderspreißelt oder in sonstiger Weise Schaden nimmt. Bekanntlich ist die Festigkeit von Holz stark richtungsabhängig und quer zur Faserlängsrichtung beträchtlich reduziert. Zudem kann eine solche Lastabtragskappe den Lasteintrag über den Pfahlquerschnitt verteilen. Mit anderen Worten verbessern derartige Lastabtragskappen die Fähigkeit des Holzpfahls, die durch die vertikalen Bauwerkslasten induzierten Schubspannungen quer zur Faserlängsrichtung aufzufangen.In order to be able to initiate the building or building loads better in the anchored in the ground or ground wooden piles, Lastabtragskappen can be slipped over the upper ends of the wooden poles, where then the other parts to be supported structural parts are connected. Such Lastabtragskappen hold the body of the wooden pile in particular transversely to the fiber direction together and prevent the wood pile under the considerable building or building burdens apart or otherwise damaged. As is known, the strength of wood is strongly dependent on the direction and is considerably reduced transversely to the fiber longitudinal direction. In addition, such a load transfer cap can distribute the load entry over the pile cross section. In other words, such load-transfer caps improve the ability of the wood pile to absorb the shear stresses induced transversely to the fiber's longitudinal direction by the vertical structural loads.

Ein Bauwerksfundament nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 zeigt die GB-A-20 28 405 , gemäß der ein Gründungspfahl mit einem Polypropylen-Mantel umgeben wird, wobei der Zwischenraum zwischen Gründungspfahl und Polypropylen-Mantel mit einem Polyurethan-Schaum ausgeschäumt ist. Weiterhin schlägt die GB-A-21 23 872 vor, das eingegrabene Ende eines Holzpfahls mit einer Polypropylene-Ummantelung zu versehen, die innenseitig mitabstehenden Flossen auf dem Holzpfahl sitzt.A building foundation according to the preamble of claim 1 shows the GB-A-2028405 according to which a foundation pile is surrounded by a polypropylene jacket, wherein the space between the foundation pile and the polypropylene jacket is foamed with a polyurethane foam. Furthermore, the beats GB-A-21 23 872 To provide the buried end of a wood pile with a polypropylene shell, which sits on the inside of the wood mitred fins.

Ein Problem bei derartigen Bauwerksgründungen mit Holzpfählen ist jedoch deren Fäulnisbeständigkeit. Dabei ist zu beobachten, dass die Holzpfähle gerade immer im Feuchtewechselbereich faulen, d.h. bei Verwendung im Wasserbau etwa im Bereich des Wasserspiegels, wo der Holzpfahl beispielsweise durch Wellengang abwechselnd befeuchtet und getrocknet wird, und bei Verwendung im "trockenen" Erdbau im Bereich der obersten Erdbodenschicht, in der die Feuchtebedingungen zyklisch wechseln. Während die auf Höhe des Wasserspiegels oder der obersten Erdbodenschicht liegenden Holzpfahlabschnitte rasch Fäulnisbefall zeigen, halten die unter Wasser liegenden bzw. tief im Erdboden verankerten Pfahlabschnitte ebenso wie die über dem Erdboden bzw. über dem Wasserspiegel und damit nur der Luft ausgesetzten Pfahlabschnitte über viele Jahrzehnte hinweg.A problem with such building foundations with wooden piles, however, is their rot resistance. It can be observed that the wooden piles just always rot in the humidity range, ie when used in hydraulic engineering in the area of the water level, where the wood pile is alternately moistened and dried, for example, by waves, and when used in "dry" earthwork in the top soil layer in which the humidity conditions change cyclically. While the wood pile sections lying at the level of the water level or the uppermost layer of the earth quickly show signs of rotting, the pile sections, which are submerged or deeply anchored in the ground, stop as well as over the ground or over the water level and thus only the air exposed pile sections over many decades.

Hiervon ausgehend liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein verbessertes Bauwerkfundament der eingangs genannten Art sowie ein verbessertes Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung zu schaffen, die Nachteile des Standes der Technik vermeiden und letzteren in vorteilhafter Weise weiterbilden. Insbesondere soll der als Gründungselement verwendete Holzpfahl besser gegen Fäulnis geschützt werden und gleichzeitig auch hohe Bauwerkslasten zuverlässig abfangen.Proceeding from this, the present invention seeks to provide an improved foundation of the type mentioned above and an improved method for its production, avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and further develop the latter in an advantageous manner. In particular, the wood pile used as a foundation element should be better protected against rot and at the same time reliably intercept even high structural loads.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Bauwerksfundament gemäß Anspruch 1 sowie in verfahrenstechnischer Hinsicht durch Verfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 13 und 14 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by a building foundation according to claim 1 and in procedural terms by the method according to claims 13 and 14. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Es wird also vorgeschlagen, die Lastabtragskappe gleichzeitig als Fäulnisschutz zu verwenden und hierzu dergestalt auszubilden, dass sie einen Feuchtewechsel am Holzpfahl verhindert. Dabei bildet die Lastabtragskappe eine zumindest fluiddichte, vorzugsweise auch gasdichte, Pfahlschutzhülse, die den Holzpfahl von seinem oberen Ende her bis in einen Feuchtewechselbereich hinunter fluiddicht umschließt. Je nach Einbausituation wird der Holzpfahl durch die Lastabtragskappe gleichmäßig feucht oder gleichmäßig trocken gehalten. Durch die Doppelfunktion der Lastabtragskappe, die einerseits die Bauwerkslasten in den Holzpfahl einleitet und andererseits eine Feuchtewechselsperre bildet, kann trotz des zusätzlichen Fäulnisschutzes der Aufbau des Gründungselements insgesamt einfach gehalten werden. Insbesondere kann auf separate, zusätzliche Fäulnisschutzmaßnahmen, wie beispielsweise separate Dachpappenumwicklungen etc., verzichtet werden.It is therefore proposed to use the load transfer cap at the same time as rotting protection and to design it in such a way that it prevents a change of moisture on the wooden pile. In this case, the load-transfer cap forms an at least fluid-tight, preferably also gas-tight, pile protection sleeve which encloses the wood pile in a fluid-tight manner from its upper end down to a moisture change region. Depending on the installation situation, the wooden pile is kept evenly or evenly dry by the load transfer cap. Due to the double function of the load transfer cap, which on the one hand initiates the structural loads in the wooden pile and on the other hand forms a moisture barrier, the structure of the foundation element can be kept simple overall despite the additional rottenness protection. In particular, can be dispensed with separate, additional rottening measures, such as separate Dachpappenumwicklungen etc.

Erfindungsgemäß kann das Bauwerksfundament vorteilhafterweise im Wasserbau Verwendung finden. Hierbei steht der Holzpfahl im Wasser und/oder Grundwasser, so dass ein Teil des Holzpfahls im Gewässerboden bzw. -grund verankert ist, ein zweiter Teil des Holzpfahles unter Wasser liegt und ein dritter Teil des Holzpfahles sich über Wasser erstreckt. Um den Feuchtewechsel im Bereich des Wasserspiegels und/oder Grundwasserspiegels, also dem Übergangsbereich zwischen dem vorgenannten zweiten und dritten Teil des Holzpfahls, zu verhindern, ist nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung die Lastabtragskappe, die über das obere Ende des Holzpfahls gestülpt ist, bis unter den Wasserspiegel gezogen, wobei ein Lastabtragskappeninnenraum, in dem der Holzpfahl aufgenommen ist, mit Flüssigkeit bis über den Wasserspiegel hinaus, vorzugsweise im wesentlichen vollständig bis zum oberen Ende des Holzpfahls befüllt ist. Es wird also zum Fäulnisschutz die auf den ersten Blick überraschend erscheinende Maßnahme ergriffen, den Holzpfahl nicht möglichst trocken, sondern möglichst feucht zu halten. Durch den bis zum oberen Holzpfahlende mit Wasser befüllten Lastabtragskappeninnenraum steht der Holzpfahl über den Wasserspiegel hinaus auch mit seinem vorgenannten dritten Teil vollständig im Wasser, so dass der Holzpfahl gleichmäßig feucht gehalten wird. Die Lastabtragskappe hält sozusagen in sich eine Flüssigkeitssäule über den Wasserspiegel des Gewässers hinaus, in der der Holzpfahl steht, was nach Art eines umgestülpten Wasserglases erfolgt, das ebenfalls durch den entstehenden Unterdruck Wasser halten kann.According to the invention, the foundation of the building can advantageously be used in hydraulic engineering. Here, the wood pile is in the water and / or groundwater, so that a part of the wood pile is anchored in the water bottom or ground, a second part of the wood pile is under water and a third part of the wooden stake extends over water. In order to prevent the change in humidity in the region of the water level and / or groundwater level, ie the transition region between the aforementioned second and third part of the wood pile, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the load transfer cap, which is slipped over the upper end of the wood pile, to below drawn the water level, wherein a Lastabtragskappeninnenraum in which the wood pile is received, with liquid to above the water level addition, preferably is substantially completely filled up to the upper end of the wood pile. It is thus taken to prevent rotting the seemingly surprising at first glance measure, not to keep the wood pile as dry as possible, but as moist as possible. Due to the up to the upper end of the wood pile filled with water Lastabtragskappeninnenraum the wood pile is beyond the water level also with its aforementioned third part completely in the water, so that the wood pile is kept evenly moist. The Loadabtragskappe holds so to speak in a liquid column beyond the water level of the water in which the wood pile is, which takes the form of a turned-up glass, which can also hold water by the resulting negative pressure.

In verfahrenstechnischer Hinsicht kann eine derartige Ausbildung der Feuchtewechselsperre eines im Wasser stehenden Holzpfahles vorteilhafterweise dadurch hergestellt werden, dass der Lastabtragskappeninnenraum bis zum oberen Holzpfahlende mittels einer zunächst geöffneten Befüll- und/oder Entlüftungsöffnung mit Flüssigkeit befüllt wird und sodann die über dem Wasserspiegel liegende Befüll- und/oder Entlüftungsöffnung in der Lastabtragskappe fluid- und gasdicht verschlossen wird, so dass in dem Lastabtragskappeninnenraum eine über den Wasserspiegel reichende Flüssigkeitssäule gehalten wird. Die Lastabtragskappe kann dabei grundsätzlich vor oder nach der Verankerung des Holzpfahls im Gewässergrund über den Holzpfahl gestülpt werden, wobei es vorteilhaft sein kann, zunächst den Holzpfahl ohne Lastabtragskappe im Gewässergrund zu verankern, sodann den Holzpfahl auf die gewünschte Länge abzuschneiden und schließlich die Lastabtragskappe von oben her über das obere Ende des Holzpfahles zu stülpen. Sodann wird in der vorgenannten Weise der Lastkappeninnenraum mit Flüssigkeit befüllt.In procedural terms, such a design of the moisture barrier of a standing in the water wooden stake can be advantageously prepared by the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum is filled to the upper end of the wood pile by means of an initially open filling and / or vent with liquid and then lying above the water level filling and / or vent in the load transfer cap fluid and gas tight, so that in the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum over the water level reaching liquid column is held. The Lastabtragskappe can in principle be placed over the wood pile before or after the anchoring of the wood pile in the river bottom, it may be advantageous first to anchor the wooden pile without load transfer cap in the riverbed, then cut off the wood pile to the desired length and finally the Lastabtragskappe from above to put it over the top of the wooden post. Then, in the aforementioned manner, the load compartment interior is filled with liquid.

Vorteilhafterweise kann die Lastabtragskappe im Bereich des oberen Endes des Holzpfahles, insbesondere im Bereich der oberen Stirnseite der Lastabtragskappe, eine fluid- und gasdicht verschließbare Befüllöffnung aufweisen, über die die Flüssigkeit, insbesondere Wasser, in die Lastabtragskappe bzw. deren den Holzpfahl aufnehmenden Innenraum gefüllt werden kann.Advantageously, the Lastabtragskappe in the region of the upper end of the wooden pile, in particular in the region of the upper end of the Lastabtragskappe, a fluid and gas-tight sealable filling opening, via which the liquid, in particular water, are filled in the Lastabtragskappe or their wood pile receiving interior can.

Sogar ist es möglich, dass die dem Holz eigene Kapillarität quasi von selbst das Wasser in die Höhe zieht, solange gewährleistet ist, dass die Luft nach oben entweichen kann, wozu vorzugsweise am oberen Endabschnitt der Lastabtragskappe ein Ventil vorgesehen sein kann.It is even possible that the inherent capillarity of the wood almost automatically pulls the water upwards, as long as it is ensured that the air can escape upwards, for which purpose a valve can be provided at the upper end portion of the load-transferring cap.

Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Lastabtragskappe im Bereich ihres oberen Endes auch eine fluid- und gasdicht verschließbare Entlüftungsöffnung aufweisen, so dass die vor dem Befüllen in dem Lastabtragskappeninnenraum befindliche Luft besser verdrängt werden kann. Dies würde es beispielsweise auch ermöglichen, den Lastabtragskappeninnenraum von unten her mit Wasser zu befüllen, indem beispielsweise über eine am unteren Ende vorgesehene Befüllöffnung Wasser zwischen den Holzpfahl und die Lastabtragskappe gedrückt wird.Alternatively or additionally, the load transfer cap in the region of its upper end may also have a vent opening which can be closed in a fluid-tight and gas-tight manner, so that the air located in the load transfer cap interior before filling can be better displaced. This would also make it possible, for example, to fill the load transfer cap interior with water from below, for example by pressing water between the wood pile and the load transfer cap via a filling opening provided at the lower end.

Die Befüllöffnung und/oder die Entlüftungsöffnung können grundsätzlich durch verschiedene, vorzugsweise lösbare, mehrfach verschließbare Verschlussmittel verschlossen werden, beispielsweise könnten sie nach dem Befüllvorgang zugeschweißt werden. In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die Befüllöffnung und/oder die Entlüftungsöffnung auch in Form eines Gewindelochs ausgebildet und von einem Schraubbolzen ggf. mit einer geeigneten Dichtung verschlossen werden. Alternativ oder zusätzlich könnte insbesondere auch die Entlüftungsöffnung durch ein Entlüftungsventil, vorzugsweise ein nach Art eines Rückschlagventils arbeitendes Ventil, gebildet sein, das Luft aus dem Lastabtragskappeninnenraum entweichen, jedoch keine Luft in den Lastabtragskappeninnenraum eintreten lässt.The filling opening and / or the venting opening can in principle be closed by various, preferably detachable, multiply closable closure means, for example they could be welded closed after the filling process. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the filling opening and / or the vent opening can also be formed in the form of a threaded hole and closed by a bolt, if necessary, with a suitable seal. Alternatively or additionally, in particular, the vent opening could be formed by a vent valve, preferably a valve operating in the manner of a check valve, the air from the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum escape, but does not allow air to enter the load-discharge cap interior.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung endet bei einem im Wasserbau verwendeten Holzpfahl die Lastabtragskappe oberhalb des Gewässerbodens, in dem der Holzpfahl verankert ist, so dass sichergestellt ist, dass der oben genannte zweite Teil des Holzpfahles vom Wasser umspült ist, so dass insgesamt der gesamte Pfahl gleichmäßig feucht gehalten wird und überdies auch die günstigen Verankerungseigenschaften eines Holzpfahls im Boden vollständig ausgenützt werden können. Insbesondere kann sich der Holzpfahl durch seine Holzoberfläche - besser als ein Beton- oder Stahlpfahl - sozusagen im Gewässergrund festsaugen.In a further development of a wood pile used in hydraulic engineering ends the load transfer cap above the water bottom, in which the wood stake is anchored, so as to ensure that the above-mentioned second part of the wood pile is lapped by water, so that overall the entire pile evenly moist held and also the favorable anchoring properties of a wooden pile in the ground can be fully utilized. In particular, the wood pile through its wooden surface - better than a concrete or steel pile - so to speak festseaugen in the body of water.

Der Einsatz des Bauwerkfundaments nach der vorliegenden Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf den Wasserbau beschränkt, sondern kann auch in vorteilhafter Weise im "trockenen" Erdbau Verwendung finden. Hierbei ist in Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass sich die Lastabtragskappe in den Erdboden hinein über dessen Feuchtewechselbereich hinaus erstreckt, so dass der aus dem Erdboden herausragende Teil des Holzpfahles sowie der in der oberen, dem Feuchtewechsel ausgesetzten Erdschicht steckende Abschnitt des Holzpfahls von der Lastabtragskappe fluiddicht umschlossen sind. Insbesondere kann die Lastabtragskappe sich bis etwa zur Frosttiefengrenze des Erdbodens in diesen hinein erstrecken, so dass der Abschnitt des Holzpfahles im Übergangsbereich zwischen Erdboden und Luft sowie der obersten Erdschicht, die dem Feuchtewechsel ausgesetzt ist, gleichmäßig trocken gehalten und vor dem Feuchtewechsel der obersten Erdschicht bewahrt ist. Je nach Bodenbeschaffenheit kann die Umhüllungstiefe der Lastabtragskappe unterschiedlich gewählt werden. Vorzugsweise wird sie sich mindestens 20 cm, weiter vorzugsweise 50 cm oder mehr, in den Erdboden hinein erstrecken, so dass kein Feuchtewechsel am Holzpfahl entstehen kann. Der tiefer in den Erdboden hinein reichende Abschnitt des Holzpfahles kann indes frei bleiben, d.h. nicht von der Lastabtragskappe umschlossen sein, da in den genannten tieferen Bodenschichten kein relevanter Feuchtewechsel auftritt, der die zu verhindernde Fäulnis des Pfahls bewirken würde.The use of the foundation of the building according to the present invention is not limited to hydraulic engineering, but can also be used advantageously in "dry" earthworks. It is provided in a further development of the invention that extends the load transfer cap into the ground beyond its moisture change area, so that the protruding from the ground part of the wood pile and the exposed in the upper, the moisture change layer of soil sticking portion of the wood pile of the Lastabtragskappe fluid-tight are enclosed. In particular, the Lastabtragskappe may extend to about the depth of frost boundary of the soil in this, so that the portion of the wood pile in the transition region between soil and air and the uppermost layer of soil, which is exposed to the moisture, kept uniformly dry and preserved from the moisture change of the uppermost layer of soil is. Depending on the nature of the soil, the envelope depth of the load transfer cap can be chosen differently. Preferably, it will extend at least 20 cm, more preferably 50 cm or more into the ground, so that no moisture change can occur on the wooden pile. However, the deeper into the ground reaching portion of the wood pile can remain free, ie not be enclosed by the Lastabtragskappe because in the said deeper soil layers no relevant moisture change occurs, which would cause the rot of the pile to be prevented.

Um den Holzpfahl hermetisch zu umschließen, ist es grundsätzlich möglich, zwischen der Lastabtragskappe und dem Holzpfahl eine vorzugsweise drucknachgiebige und sich anpassende Pufferschicht vorzusehen, die einen festen Sitz der Lastabtragskappe auf dem an seiner Oberfläche bisweilen unregelmäßigen Holzpfahl sicherstellt. In Weiterbildung der Erfindung jedoch sitzt die Lastabtragskappe frei von Zwischenschichten unmittelbar auf dem Holzpfahl, so dass die eine vorzugsweise fluid- und gasdichte Pfahlschutzhülse bildende Lastabtragskappe den Holzpfahl hermetisch umschließt.In order to hermetically enclose the wood pile, it is basically possible to provide a preferably pressure-resistant and adaptive buffer layer between the load-transfer cap and the wood pile, which ensures a tight fit of the load-transfer cap on the wood pile, which is sometimes irregular on its surface. In a further development of the invention, however, the load transfer cap sits free of intermediate layers directly on the wood pile, so that the preferably fluid and gas-tight pile protection sleeve load transfer cap hermetically encloses the wood pile.

Insbesondere kann die Lastabtragskappe mit einer Presspassung auf dem Holzpfahl sitzen. Letztere kann vorteilhafterweise durch ein Vortrocknen des Holzpfahls hergestellt werden. Wird der Holzpfahl ausreichend weit heruntergetrocknet, zieht er sich auf einen Durchmesser zusammen, mit dem er leicht in die Lastabtragskappe eingesteckt werden kann. Nimmt die Feuchte wieder zu, dehnt sich der Holzpfahl wieder aus und die Lastabtragskappe sitzt mit einem strengen Presssitz auf dem Holzpfahl.In particular, the Lastabtragskappe can sit with a press fit on the wooden pile. The latter can advantageously be produced by pre-drying the wood pile. If the wood pile is dried sufficiently far enough, it contracts to a diameter with which it can be easily inserted into the load transfer cap. If the humidity increases again, the wooden pole expands again and the load-bearing cap sits on the wooden pole with a strong press fit.

In vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung besitzt der Holzpfahl Abschnitte mit unterschiedlicher Zelldichte. Insbesondere ist dabei durch den dauerhaft stark erhöhten Druck, den die umschließende Hülse auf das sich ausdehnende Holz ausübt, vorgesehen, dass der Holzpfahl in seinem im Feuchtewechselbereich angeordneten Abschnitt eine dauerhaft verdichtete Holstruktur besitzt, während er in seinem unter dem Feuchtewechselbereich befindlichen Abschnitt eine unverdichtete Holzstruktur aufweisen kann. Hierdurch erhält der Holzpfahl gerade in dem empfindlichen Feuchtewechselbereich eine erhöhte Festigkeit, erhöhte Steifigkeit und/oder eine erhöhte Fäulnisbeständigkeit, während der tiefer liegende Holzpfahlabschnitt durch den unverdichteten Bereich seine Eigenelastizität behalten kann. Alternativ kann jedoch auch vorgesehen sein, daß der gesamte Holzpfahl, also auch der unterhalb des Feuchtewechselbereichs liegende Abschnitt, durch eine Vorbehandlung eine solche verdichtete, dauerhafte Strukturveränderung gegenüber seiner natürlichen Holzstruktur erhält. Durch eine Strukturverdichtung sozusagen nach Art einer Versteinerung, die Einschlüsse im Holz reduziert und die Faserdichte erhöht sowie das volumenspezifische Gewicht erhöht, wird die Dauerfestigkeit des Holzpfahls beträchtlich verbessert.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the wood pile has sections with different cell density. In particular, it is provided by the permanently greatly increased pressure exerted by the enclosing sleeve on the expanding wood, that the wood pile has a permanently compacted Holstruktur in its arranged in the moisture change section section, while he is in his under the moisture change region located section an uncompressed wood structure can have. As a result, the wood pile receives increased strength, increased rigidity and / or increased resistance to decay, especially in the sensitive moisture change region, while the lower-lying wood pile section can retain its inherent elasticity through the uncompacted region. Alternatively, however, it can also be provided that the entire wooden pile, that is to say also the section located below the moisture change region, obtains such a compacted, permanent structural change with respect to its natural wood structure through pretreatment. By a structural compression, so to speak in the manner of a Petrification, which reduces wood inclusions and increases fiber density and increases volume specific weight, significantly improves the fatigue strength of the wood pile.

Eine solche dauerhafte Holzstrukturveränderung kann grundsätzlich durch verschiedene Vorbehandlungen erhalten werden, insbesondere durch ein gleichmäßiges radiales Pressen des Holzpfahls quer zu seiner Faserrichtung mit ausreichend hohen Querdrücken. Gemäß einem vorteilhaften Aspekt der Erfindung kann diese Holzstrukturveränderung dadurch erhalten werden, dass der Holzpfahl vor dem Überstülpen der Lastabtragskappe vorgetrocknet wird, wobei der Feuchtegehalt des Holzpfahles soweit abgesenkt wird, daß der Außendurchmesser des Holzpfahls unter den Innendurchmesser der Lastabtragskappe reduziert wird, und der Feuchtegehalt des Holzpfahls nach dem Überstülpen der Lastabtragskappe wieder derart erhöht wird, daß der Holzpfahl durch die mit der Feuchtegehaltserhöhung einhergehenden Durchmesservergrößerung und die daraus folgende Einschnürung durch die Lastabtragskappe eine dauerhafte Holzstrukturveränderung erfährt. Vorteilhafterweise wird dabei der Feuchtegehalt durch die Vortrocknung soweit abgesenkt, daß der Holzpfahl eine Durchmesserverjüngung - im Vergleich zu seinem Durchmesser bei "normalem" Feuchtegehalt, der sich bei Lagerung in Umgebungsbedingungen, insbesondere bei Lagerung in der später vorgesehenen Einbausituation einstellt - um zumindest 5%, vorzugsweise 10% oder mehr erfährt. Bei üblichen Holzpfahldurchmessern in Bauwerkfundamenten kann die Durchmesserverjüngung durch die Vortrocknung im Zentimeterbereich, insbesondere im Bereich von 0,5 bis 5 Zentimeter, vorzugsweise 1 bis 3 Zentimeter liegen. Um eine ausreichend hohe Einschnürung und damit Pressung des Holzpfahls bei seiner Wiederbefeuchtung zu erreichen, wird vorteilhafterweise der Durchmesser der Lastabtragskappe so gewählt, daß der Lastabtragskappeninnendurchmesser im wesentlichen dem Holzpfahlaußendurchmesser in dessen vorgetrockneten Zustand entspricht bzw. maximal eine ganz leichte Spielpassung im Millimeter- oder Millimeterbruchteilsbereich vorgesehen wird, die ein leichtgängiges Überstülpen der Lastabtragskappe sicherstellt. Um eine ausreichende Durchmesserreduzierung zu erreichen, kann in dem Vortrocknungsprozeß der Feuchtegehalt des Holzes auf weniger als 15%, insbesondere auch weniger als 10% abgesenkt werden. Das Schwinden des Holzes infolge Trocknung beträgt quer zur Faser in Radialrichtung 3 bis 6 %, in Tangentialrichtung 6 bis 12 %.Such a permanent wood structure change can basically be obtained by various pretreatments, in particular by a uniform radial pressing of the wood pile transversely to its fiber direction with sufficiently high transverse pressures. According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, this wood structure modification can be obtained by pre-drying the wood pile before slipping the load-transfer coping, lowering the moisture content of the wood pile to the extent that the outside diameter of the wood pile is reduced below the inside diameter of the load transfer coping, and the moisture content of the wood chip Wood pile after passing the Lastabtragskappe is again increased so that the wood pile undergoes a permanent change in wood structure by the increase in diameter associated with the increase in moisture content and the consequent constriction by the Lastabtragskappe. Advantageously, the moisture content is lowered by the predrying to the extent that the wood pile a diameter taper - compared to its diameter at "normal" moisture content that occurs when stored in ambient conditions, especially when stored in the later intended installation situation - by at least 5%, preferably 10% or more. In conventional wooden pile diameters in building foundations, the diameter taper can be due to the predrying in the centimeter range, in particular in the range of 0.5 to 5 centimeters, preferably 1 to 3 centimeters. In order to achieve a sufficiently high constriction and thus pressure of the wood pile in its rewet, advantageously the diameter of the load transfer cap is chosen so that the Lastabtragskappen inside diameter substantially corresponds to the wooden pile outer diameter in its pre-dried state or provided a very slight clearance in the millimeter or millimeter fraction portion which ensures a smooth slipping over of the load transfer cap. In order to achieve a sufficient diameter reduction, in the predrying process, the moisture content of the wood to less than 15%, in particular even less than 10% can be lowered. The shrinkage of the wood due to drying is transverse to the fiber in the radial direction 3 to 6%, in the tangential direction 6 to 12%.

Die genannte, vorteilhafte Holzstrukturveränderung kann alternativ oder zusätzlich auch durch weitere ggf. unterstützend eingesetzte Pressungsmaßnahmen erzielt werden. Beispielsweise kann die Lastabtragskappe erhitzt und nach dem Überstülpen wieder abgekühlt werden, um den Holzpfahl quer zu seiner Faserlängsrichtung zu pressen.Said advantageous structural change in the wood structure can alternatively or additionally also be achieved by further pressing measures which may be used to support it. For example, the Lastabtragskappe can be heated and cooled after slipping back to press the wood pile transversely to its longitudinal fiber direction.

Um eine tatsächlich hermetische Feuchtesperre zu bilden, ist der Korpus der Lastabtragskappe in vorteilhafter Weiterbildung der Erfindung perforationsfrei ausgebildet. Dabei ist in bevorzugter Weiterbildung der Erfindung die Lastabtragskappe zumindest bis in den und oberhalb des Feuchtewechselbereichs vollständig perforationsfrei ausgebildet. Ggf. könnten in einem unterhalb des Feuchtewechselbereichs liegenden Abschnitt der Lastabtragskappe Perforationen vorgesehen sein, also dort, wo sie nicht mehr schädlich sind. In bevorzugter Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die Lastabtragskappe jedoch gänzlich perforationsfrei ausgebildet.In order to form an actually hermetic moisture barrier, the body of the load transfer cap is formed perforation-free in an advantageous embodiment of the invention. In this case, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Lastabtragskappe is formed completely perforation at least until and above the humidity change region. Possibly. Perforations could be provided in a section of the load transfer cap below the humidity change zone, ie where they are no longer harmful. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the load transfer cap is formed completely perforation-free.

Die Anschlussmittel der Lastabtragskappe können grundsätzlich verschieden ausgebildet sein. Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung können die Anschlussmittel formschlüssig wirken und insbesondere zumindest ein Verschraubungselement aufweisen, an das das abzustützende Bauteil angeschraubt werden kann. In vorteilhafter Weise kann an dem Korpus der Lastabtragskappe eine vorzugsweise zentral angeordnete Schraubhülse vorgesehen sein, in die eine Gewindestange einschraubbar ist, an der wiederum das abzustützende Tragwerksteil befestigt wird. Jede Art von bekannter Stützfuß-Technik ist für den Anschluss denkbar. Rein formschlüssiger Anschluss, etwa bei Terrassenbelägen, ist auch möglich und nach wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten je nach Ausführung und Statik ausreichend.The connection means of the load transfer cap can basically be designed differently. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the connection means can act positively and in particular have at least one screwing element to which the component to be supported can be screwed. In an advantageous manner, a preferably centrally arranged screw sleeve can be provided on the body of the load transfer cap, into which a threaded rod can be screwed, to which in turn the structural part to be supported is fastened. Any type of known support foot technology is conceivable for the connection. Purely form-fitting connection, for example with terrace coverings, is also possible and, depending on economic aspects, sufficient depending on the design and statics.

Um die hermetische Wirkung der Feuchtesperre nicht zu gefährden, sind die Anschlussmittel in Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorteilhafterweise allein an der Außenseite des Korpus der Lastabtragskappe befestigt, insbesondere sind keine durch die Wandung der Lastabtragskappe hindurch tretenden Befestigungsmittel wie Nieten, Schraubbolzen, etc. vorgesehen, so dass die von der Lastabtragskappe gebildete Schutzhülle völlig unversehrt ist. In Weiterbildung der Erfindung können die Anschlussmittel an der Außenseite der Lastabtragskappe angeschweißt und/oder angeklebt sein. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann die Lastabtragskappe auch integral einstückig angeformte Lastaufnahmeabschnitte besitzen, an der das abzustützende Tragwerksteil mittels geeigneter Befestigungsmittel fixiert werden kann. Eine schellenartige Umschließung des Korpus ist auch möglich (Klemm-Prinzip). Alternativ oder zusätzlich können die Anschlussmittel auch eine Doppelfunktion erfüllen, insbesondere dergestalt, dass sie einerseits als Anschluss für das an den Pfahl bzw. die Lastabtragskappe anzuschließende Bauelement dienen und andererseits die Lastabtragskappe an dem Holzpfahl befestigen. Hierzu können die Anschlussmittel in Weiterbildung der Erfindung durch die Wandung der Lastabtragskappe hindurch treten und sich in das Innere der Lastabtragskappe erstrecken, wo die genannten Anschlussmittel bzw. der entsprechende Abschnitt an dem Holzpfahl verankert ist. Beispielsweise kann ein Schraubbolzen durch die Lastabtragskappe hindurch geschraubt und in den Korpus des Holzpfahles hinein geschraubt sein, so dass eine Lastabtragswirkung nicht nur über die Lastabtragskappe, sondern auch direkt über die Anschlussmittel erreicht wird. Erstrecken sich die Anschlussmittel durch die Lastabtragskappe hindurch, ist der entsprechenden Durchtrittsöffnung vorteilhafterweise eine Dichtung zugeordnet, die eine hermetische Abdichtung des Durchtritts bewirkt.In order not to jeopardize the hermetic effect of the moisture barrier, the connection means are advantageously mounted in the invention alone on the outside of the body of Lastabtragskappe, in particular no passing through the wall of Lastabtragskappe fasteners such as rivets, bolts, etc. are provided so that the protective cover formed by the load transfer cap is completely intact. In a further development of the invention, the connection means may be welded and / or glued to the outside of the load transfer cap. Alternatively or additionally, the load-transfer cap can also have integrally molded load-receiving sections, on which the structural part to be supported can be fixed by means of suitable fastening means. A clamp-like enclosure of the body is also possible (clamping principle). Alternatively or additionally, the connection means can also fulfill a dual function, in particular such that they serve on the one hand as a connection for the component to be connected to the pile or the load transfer cap and on the other hand fasten the load transfer cap to the wood pile. For this purpose, the connection means in a further development of the invention can pass through the wall of the load transfer cap and extend into the interior of the load transfer cap, where said connection means or the corresponding section is anchored to the wood pile. For example, a bolt may be threaded through the load transfer cap and screwed into the body of the wood pile so that a load transfer effect is achieved not only via the load transfer cap but also directly via the connection means. If the connection means extend through the load-removal cap, the corresponding passage opening is advantageously assigned a seal which effects a hermetic seal of the passage.

Die Anschlussmittel können grundsätzlich an verschiedener Stelle angeordnet sein und an die Einbausituation des Bauwerkfundaments sowie die anzuschließenden Tragwerksteile angepasst sein. Beispielsweise können mantelflächenseitig angeordnete Anschlussmittel vorgesehen sein, insbesondere dergestalt, dass ein Anschlussbeschlag beispielsweise in Form einer Stahlplatte umfangsseitig starr an der Lastabtragskappe befestigt ist, so dass ein seitliches Anschließen weiterer Bauelemente ermöglicht wird. Bevorzugt ist hierzu alternativ oder zusätzlich zumindest ein Anschlussmittel auf der Oberseite bzw. Stirnseite der Lastabtragskappe vorgesehen, wodurch ein günstiger Lastabtrag erreicht werden kann. Insbesondere kann nach einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ein Verschraubungselement im wesentlichen koaxial zu der Längsachse der Lastabtragskappe angeordnet sein.The connecting means can in principle be arranged at different locations and be adapted to the installation situation of the building foundation as well as the structural parts to be connected. For example, connecting means arranged on the surface side can be provided, in particular in such a way that a connection fitting, for example in the form of a steel plate, is fastened peripherally rigidly to the load transfer cap, so that lateral connection of further components is possible. Preferably, this is alternatively or additionally provided at least one connection means on the top or front side of the load transfer cap, whereby a favorable load transfer can be achieved. In particular, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a screwing element may be arranged substantially coaxially with the longitudinal axis of the load-transferring cap.

Die Lastabtragskappe kann grundsätzlich aus verschiedenen Materialien bestehen. In bevorzugter Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann die Lastabtragskappe aus Stahl, vorzugsweise Edelstahl, bestehen und einstückig ausgebildet sein.The load transfer cap can basically consist of different materials. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Lastabtragskappe made of steel, preferably stainless steel, consist and be formed in one piece.

Um eine feste, gleichmäßige Umschließung des Holzpfahles bzw. Passung zwischen der Lastabtragskappe und dem Holzpfahl zu erreichen, können sowohl der Holzpfahl als auch die Lastabtragskappe eine im wesentlichen kreiszylindrische Gestalt besitzen. Grundsätzlich wären zwar auch andere Zylinderformen mit beispielsweise elliptischen oder Polygonzugquerschnitten möglich, bevorzugt ist jedoch eine kreiszylindrische Gestalt, die die mantelflächenseitig durch die Presspassung eingeleiteten Kräfte gleichmäßig verteilt und ein gleichmäßiges, festes Umschließen des Holzpfahls gewährleistet.In order to achieve a solid, uniform enclosure of the wood pile or fit between the load transfer cap and the wood pile, both the wood pile and the Lastabtragskappe may have a substantially circular cylindrical shape. Although, in principle, other cylindrical shapes with, for example, elliptical or polygonal cross sections would also be possible, a circular cylindrical shape is preferred which uniformly distributes the forces introduced by the press fit on the mantle surface side and ensures a uniform, tight enclosure of the wooden post.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand zweier bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele und zugehöriger Zeichnungen näher erläutert. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig. 1:
eine schematische Darstellung eines in einer Wasserbauanwendung verwendeten Gründungselements eines Bauwerkfundaments in Form ei- nes im Wasser stehenden, im Gewässergrund verankerten Holzpfahles und einer über das obere Ende des Holzpfahles gestülpten Lastabtrags- kappe nach einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung,
Fig. 2:
eine schematische Darstellung eines Gründungselements eines Bau- werkfundaments in Form eines im Erdboden verankerten Holzpfahls und einer den oberen Teil des Holzpfahles umschließenden Lastabtragskap- pe nach einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung,
Fig. 3:
eine schematische, ausschnittsweise Schnittansicht des Kopfbereiches der Lastabtragskappe nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung, wonach als Anschlussmittel für abzustützende Bauwerksteile ein durch die Lastabtragskappe hindurch in den Holzpfahl geschraubter Schraubbolzen vorgesehen ist,
Fig. 4:
eine schematische, ausschnittsweise Seitenansicht einer Lastabtrags- kappe nach einer weiteren Ausführung der Erfindung, wonach die Last- abtragskappe Anschlussmittel für abzustützende Bauwerksteile sowohl an ihrer Oberseite als auch an ihrer Umfangsseite aufweist, und
Fig. 5:
eine Draufsicht auf die Lastabtragskappe aus Fig. 4.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to two preferred embodiments and associated drawings. In the drawings show:
Fig. 1:
1 is a schematic representation of a foundational element of a foundational foundation used in a hydraulic engineering application in the form of a water pile standing in the water, anchored in the aquifer and a load transfer cap placed over the upper end of the wood pile according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2:
1 is a schematic representation of a foundation element of a foundation of a building in the form of a ground-anchored wood pile and a load-removal hood enclosing the upper part of the wood pile according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
3:
a schematic, fragmentary sectional view of the head portion of Lastabtragskappe according to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, according to which is provided as a connection means for supporting structural parts through a threaded through the Lastabtragskappe in the wooden pile bolt,
4:
a schematic, partial side view of a Lastabtrags- cap according to another embodiment of the invention, according to which the load-carrying cap has connection means for supporting structural parts both at its top and on its peripheral side, and
Fig. 5:
a plan view of the load transfer cap Fig. 4 ,

Das in Figur 1 dargestellte Wasserbaufundament umfasst als Gründungselement 1 einen Holzpfahl 2, der im Wasser 4 stehend angeordnet ist und mit seinem unteren Ende in den Gewässergrund eingerammt sein kann, jedoch ggf. auch einbetoniert oder in sonstiger Weise verankert sein kann. Wie Figur 1 zeigt, ragt der Holzpfahl 3 mit seinem oberen Ende über den Wasserspiegel 5 aus dem Wasser 4 heraus. Über das genannte obere Ende 6 des Holzpfahls 3 ist eine hülsenförmige, am oberen Ende verschlossene Lastabtragskappe 2 gestülpt, die mit ihrem stirnseitigen Korpusabschnitt auf dem oberen Ende des Holzpfahls 3 aufsitzt und mit ihrem mantelflächigen Korpusabschnitt 7 die Umfangsseite des Holzpfahls 3 umschließt.This in FIG. 1 illustrated Wasserbaufundament comprises as a foundation element 1 a wooden pile 2, which is arranged standing in the water 4 and may be driven with its lower end in the waterbed, but may also be embedded in concrete or anchored in any other way. As FIG. 1 shows the wood pile 3 protrudes with its upper end on the water level 5 out of the water 4. About the said upper end 6 of the wooden pile 3, a sleeve-shaped, closed at the upper end Lastabtragskappe 2 is slipped, which sits with its frontal body portion on the upper end of the wood pile 3 and encloses with its mantelflächigen body portion 7, the peripheral side of the wood pile 3.

Wie Figur 1 zeigt, ist die Lastabtragskappe 2 bis unter den Wasserspiegel 5 heruntergezogen, und zwar vorteilhafterweise so weit, dass unter Berücksichtigung des möglichen Wellengangs, möglicher Gezeitenschwankungen oder auch anderer Wasserspiegelhebungen und -senkungen die Lastabtragskappe 2 mit dem unteren Ende ihres mantelflächigen Korpusabschnitts 7 stets in das Wasser 4 eintaucht.As FIG. 1 shows, the Lastabtragskappe 2 is pulled down to below the water level 5, and advantageously so far that, taking into account the possible swell, possible tidal fluctuations or other water level elevations and decreases the Lastabtragskappe 2 with the lower end of its mantelflächigen body portion 7 always in the water 4 dips.

Der Lastabtragskappeninnenraum 9, in dem der Holzpfahl 3 steckt, ist vorteilhafterweise mit Wasser befüllt, so dass in der Lastabtragskappe 2 sozusagen eine stehende Wassersäule gehalten ist, die sich über den Wasserspiegel 5 hinaus erstreckt und bis zum oberen Ende des Holzpfahls 3 reicht, so dass letzterer vollständig feucht gehalten ist. In dem von der Lastabtragskappe 2 nicht ummantelten Bereich 10 wird der Holzpfahl 3 vom Wasser 4 umspült. Der in der Lastabtragskappe 2 aufgenommene Abschnitt des Holzpfahles 3 wird von der darin gehaltenen Wassersäule befeuchtet. Die Wassersäule ist dabei selbstverständlich nicht wirklich eine vollständige Wassersäule, vielmehr werden lediglich die an der Außenumfangsfläche des Holzpfahles 3 oftmals vorhandenen Risse und Spalten sowie mögliche Zwischenräume voller Wasser gehalten, welches nicht abfließen kann, da die Lastabtragskappe 2 eine fluiddichte und gasdichte Pfahlschutzhülse bildet, die nach Art eines umgestürzten Wasserglases Wasser halten kann.The Lastabtragskappeninnenraum 9, in which the wooden stake 3 is inserted, is advantageously filled with water, so that in the load transfer cap 2, so to speak, a standing Held water column which extends beyond the water level 5 and extends to the upper end of the wood pile 3, so that the latter is kept completely moist. In the non-jacketed area of the load transfer cap 2, the wood pile 3 is surrounded by the water 4. The portion of the wooden pile 3 accommodated in the load transfer cap 2 is moistened by the water column held therein. The water column is of course not really a complete water column, but only on the outer peripheral surface of the wood pile 3 often present cracks and gaps and possible gaps are held full of water, which can not flow, since the Lastabtragskappe 2 forms a fluid-tight and gas-tight pile protection sleeve can hold water in the manner of a fallen water glass.

Im Bereich der Stirnseite 8 der Lastabtragskappe 2 besitzt letztere eine Befüllöffnung 11 sowie eine Entlüftungsöffnung 12 (vgl. Figur 1), die beide fluid- und gasdicht verschlossen werden können. Über diese beiden Öffnungen 11 und 12 kann der Lastabtragskappeninnenraum 9 mit Wasser befüllt werden, insbesondere nachdem der Holzpfahl 3 im Gewässergrund verankert ist. Bei zunächst geöffneten Befüll- und Entlüftungsöffnungen 11 und 12 wird über die Befüllöffnung 11 Wasser von oben her in die Lastabtragskappe 2 eingefüllt, wobei sodann nach vollständigem Befüllen die beiden Öffnungen 11 und 12 flüssigkeits- und gasdicht verschlossen werden.In the region of the front side 8 of the load transfer cap 2, the latter has a filling opening 11 and a vent opening 12 (cf. FIG. 1 ), which can both be closed fluid-tight and gas-tight. About these two openings 11 and 12 of the Lastabtragskappeninnenraum 9 can be filled with water, especially after the wood pile 3 is anchored in the body of water. When the filling and vent openings 11 and 12 are initially opened, water is introduced into the load transfer cap 2 from above through the filling opening 11, the two openings 11 and 12 then being closed in a liquid-tight and gastight manner after complete filling.

Das von dem Holzpfahl 3 und der Lastabtragskappe 2 gebildete Gründungselement 1 kann in der in Figur 1 gezeichneten Ausführung beispielsweise ein Bootshaus tragen. Ein Tragwerkselement 13 des zu stützenden Bauwerks sitzt dabei vorteilhafterweise stirnseitig auf dem oberen Ende der Lastabtragskappe 2, die zur festen Verbindung Anschlussmittel 14 aufweist, die in der gezeichneten Ausführung nach Figur 1 aus einer Hülsenmutter 15, die an der Stirnseite 8 der Lastabtragskappe 2 festgeschweißt ist, sowie einer in die Hülsenmutter 15 eingeschraubten Gewindestange bestehen. An der besagten Gewindestange 16 ist das Tragwerkselement 13, beispielsweise ein Bootshausbalken, formschlüssig befestigt.The foundation element 1 formed by the wood pile 3 and the load transfer cap 2 can be found in the in FIG. 1 drawn execution, for example, a boathouse wear. A structural element 13 of the structure to be supported sits advantageously frontally on the upper end of the Lastabtragskappe 2, which has the fixed connection connection means 14, the in the illustrated embodiment according to FIG. 1 from a sleeve nut 15, which is firmly welded to the end face 8 of the load transfer cap 2, as well as a screwed into the sleeve nut 15 threaded rod. At the said threaded rod 16, the structural element 13, for example, a boathouse beam, positively secured.

Bei der in Figur 2 gezeigten Ausführung wird das Gründungselement 1 ebenfalls von dem Holzpfahl 3 und der Lastabtragskappe 2 gebildet, jedoch im Unterschied zu Figur 2 nicht im Wasserbau, sondern im "trockenen" Erdbau eingesetzt. Das Gründungselement 1 in Figur 2 kann beispielsweise ein Gartenhäuschen oder eine Holzterrasse tragen. Im Gegensatz zur Figur 1 steht der Holzpfahl 3 bei der Ausführung nach Figur 2 nicht im Wasser, sondern ist im Erdboden 17 verankert, wobei der Holzpfahl 3 vorteilhafterweise bis zumindest zur Frosttiefengrenze des Erdbodens 17 in diesem verankert ist.At the in FIG. 2 As shown embodiment, the foundation element 1 is also formed by the wood pile 3 and the load transfer cap 2, but unlike FIG. 2 not in hydraulic engineering, but used in "dry" earthworks. The foundation element 1 in FIG. 2 For example, you can carry a garden shed or a wooden terrace. In contrast to FIG. 1 stands the wooden post 3 in the execution FIG. 2 not in the water, but is anchored in the ground 17, wherein the wood pile 3 is advantageously anchored to at least the freezing depth of the ground 17 in this.

Die Lastabtragskappe 2 ist bei der Ausführung nach Figur 2 bis in den Erdboden 17 heruntergezogen, wobei sie den Holzpfahl 3 vorteilhafterweise bis über den Feuchtewechselbereich 18 an der oberen Erdbodenschicht hermetisch umschließt. Je nach Erdbodenbeschaffenheit reicht die Lastabtragskappe 2 zumindest 20 cm tief in den Erdboden hinein, vorzugsweise mehr als 50 cm. In jedem Fall ist die Umschließungstiefe der Lastabtragskappe 2 soweit in den Erdboden 17 hineingezogen, dass der Holzpfahl 3 keinem Feuchtewechsel in den einen solchen Feuchtewechsel zeigenden oberen Erdbodenschichten ausgesetzt ist.The Lastabtragskappe 2 is in the execution after FIG. 2 pulled down to the ground 17, wherein it hermetically encloses the wood pile 3 advantageously up to the humidity change region 18 at the top soil layer. Depending on the soil condition, the load transfer cap 2 reaches at least 20 cm deep into the ground, preferably more than 50 cm. In any case, the enclosure depth of Lastabtragskappe 2 is drawn into the ground 17 so far that the wood pile 3 is exposed to any moisture change in the such a change in humidity facing upper soil layers.

Wie bei Figur 1 ist auch die Lastabtragskappe der Ausführung nach Figur 2 als flüssigkeits- und gasdichte Pfahlschutzhülse ausgebildet, die den Holzpfahl 3 hermetisch umschließt. Insbesondere kann die Lastabtragskappe 2 mit einem Presssitz auf dem Holzpfahl 3 sitzen, zu dessen Herstellung der Holzpfahl 3 vorteilhafterweise zunächst in einem Vortrocknungsschritt soweit heruntergetrocknet wird, dass er sich ausreichend zusammenzieht und in die Lastabtragskappe 2 passt. Durch den Wiederanstieg des Feuchtegehalts des Holzpfahles 3 bis auf dessen "normalen" Wert dehnt sich der Holzpfahl 3 wieder aus, so dass er fest mit einem Presssitz in der Lastabtragskappe 2 sitzt.As in FIG. 1 is also the Lastabtragskappe the execution FIG. 2 designed as a liquid and gas-tight pile protection sleeve which hermetically encloses the wooden pile 3. In particular, the load transfer cap 2 can be seated with an interference fit on the wood pile 3, for the production of which the wood pile 3 is advantageously first dried down sufficiently in a predrying step so that it sufficiently contracts and fits into the load transfer cap 2. As a result of the increase in the moisture content of the wood pile 3 to its "normal" value, the wood pile 3 expands again, so that it sits firmly with a press fit in the load transfer cap 2.

Ähnlich der Figur 1, auf deren Beschreibung insoweit verwiesen wird, ist ein Tragwerkselement 13 des abzustützenden Bauwerks über eine stirnseitig angeordnete, zentral positionierte Hülsenmutter 15 und eine darin eingeschraubte Gewindestange 16 an dem Gründungselement 1 befestigt.Similar to the FIG. 1 , to the description of which reference is made, is a structural element 13 of the structure to be supported via a frontally arranged, centrally positioned sleeve nut 15 and a threaded rod 16 screwed thereto fastened to the foundation element 1.

Wie Fig. 3 zeigt, können die Anschlussmittel 14 auch durch die Lastabtragskappe 2 hindurch treten. In der in Fig. 3 gezeichneten Ausführung umfassen die Anschlussmittel 14 eine Gewindestange 16, die mittig von oben her durch das obere Stirnende der Lastabtragskappe 2 hindurch in den Holzpfahl 3 geschraubt ist. Die Lastabtragskappe 2 umfasst hierzu ein zentrisches Durchtrittsloch, durch das die Gewindestange 14 hindurch treten kann, vgl. Fig. 3. Der Holzpfahl 3 kann eine Vorbohrung ggf. mit Gewindeschnitt aufweisen, so dass die Gewindestange 16 in das Fleisch des Holzpfahles 3 eingeschraubt werden kann.As Fig. 3 shows, the connection means 14 can also pass through the load transfer cap 2. In the in Fig. 3 drawn embodiment, the connection means 14 comprise a threaded rod 16, which is screwed centrally from above through the upper end face of the load transfer cap 2 into the wood pile 3. For this purpose, the load transfer cap 2 comprises a central passage hole through which the threaded rod 14 can pass, cf. Fig. 3 , The wood pile 3 may optionally have a pilot hole with a threaded section, so that the threaded rod 16 can be screwed into the meat of the wood pile 3.

Um ein unbeabsichtigtes Lösen der Gewindestange 16 zu verhindern, ist diese mittels einer Mutter 19 von oben her gegen die Stirnseite der Lastabtragskappe 2 gekontert. Um eine hermetische Abdichtung der Lastabtragskappe 2 trotz der hindurch tretenden Gewindestange 16 zu erzielen, ist der genannten Durchtrittsöffnung 20, durch die die Gewindestange 16 hindurch tritt, eine Dichtung 21 zugeordnet, die grundsätzlich verschieden ausgebildet sein kann. Beispielsweise können zwischen Gewindestange und Lastabtragskappe elastische Silikonmittel als Dichtung fungieren. In der gezeichneten Ausführungsform ist vorteilhafterweise eine Scheibendichtung 21 unter die Kontermutter 19 gelegt.In order to prevent unintentional loosening of the threaded rod 16, this is countered by means of a nut 19 from above against the end face of the Lastabtragskappe 2. In order to achieve a hermetic seal of the load transfer cap 2 in spite of the passing threaded rod 16, the said passage opening 20, through which the threaded rod 16 passes through, associated with a seal 21, which may be formed basically different. For example, between the threaded rod and Lastabtragskappe elastic silicone agents act as a seal. In the illustrated embodiment, a disc seal 21 is advantageously placed under the lock nut 19.

Wie Fig. 4 zeigt, können die Anschlussmittel 14 sowohl stirnseitig auf der Oberseite der Lastabtragskappe 2 als auch umfangsseitig an der genannten Lastabtragskappe 2 angeordnet sein. In der konkret gezeichneten Ausführung gemäß Fig. 4 umfassen die Anschlussmittel 14 stirnseitig auf der Oberseite der Lastabtragskappe 2 einen Winkelbeschlag 22, der mittels einem Gewindebolzen 16 auf der Oberseite der Lastabtragskappe festgezogen ist, wobei der genannten Gewindebolzen 16 in der zuvor in Verbindung mit Fig. 3 beschriebenen Weise in den Holzpfahl 3 geschraubt und entsprechend abgedichtet sein kann. An dem genannten Winkelbeschlag 22 ist in der gezeichneten Ausführung ein Querlager 23 als anzuschließendes Bauwerkselement befestigt.As Fig. 4 shows, the connection means 14 can be arranged both on the front side on the upper side of the load transfer cap 2 and on the circumference of said load transfer cap 2. In the concrete subscribed execution according to Fig. 4 the connecting means 14 comprise frontally on the upper side of the load transfer cap 2 an angle fitting 22, which is tightened by means of a threaded bolt 16 on the upper side of the load transfer cap, said threaded bolt 16 in the previously in connection with Fig. 3 described manner screwed into the wooden pile 3 and can be sealed accordingly. At the said angle fitting 22, a transverse bearing 23 is attached as an annexed building element in the illustrated embodiment.

Zusätzlich umfasst die Lastabtragskappe 2 an ihrer Umfangsseite ein weiteres Anschlussmittel 14 in Form eines Befestigungsbeschlags 24, der in der gezeichneten Ausführung aufrecht stehend angeordnet und starr an der äußeren Umfangsfläche der Lastabtragskappe befestigt ist. Letzteres kann durch Verschweißen erfolgen, wie in Fig. 5 gezeigt. Es kann jedoch auch ein Festklemmen beispielsweise mittels einer die Lastabtragskappe umschließenden Spange oder eine andere geeignete Befestigungsart gewählt sein. In der gezeichneten Ausführung gemäß Fig. 4 ist an dem besagten Befestigungsbeschlag 24 ein Stabwerksträger 25 befestigt.In addition, the load transfer cap 2 comprises on its peripheral side another connection means 14 in the form of a mounting bracket 24 which is arranged upright in the illustrated embodiment and rigidly secured to the outer peripheral surface of the load transfer cap. The latter can be done by welding, as in Fig. 5 shown. However, it may also be a clamping, for example by means of a load transfer cap enclosing clasp or another suitable attachment selected. In the illustrated embodiment according to Fig. 4 is attached to said mounting bracket 24 a rod support 25.

Claims (14)

  1. A foundation for a structure having at least one foundation element (1) which includes a wood pile (3) anchorable in the ground, preferably by driving, and a load transfer cap (2) which can be pulled over the upper end of the wood pile (3) and which introduces the structure loads into the wood pile (3) and preferably has shape-matched connection means (14) for the connection of a structure element (13) to be supported, wherein the load transfer cap (2) forms an at least fluid-tight pile protection sleeve which surrounds the wood pile (3) in a fluid-tight manner down to a moisture transfer zone (18), characterised in that it forms a foundation for a water structure in which the wood pile (3) stands in the water (4), with the load transfer cap (2) being drawn beneath the water level (5) and an inner space (9) of a load transfer cap, in which inner space the wood pile (3) is received, is filled with liquid up to and above the water level (5).
  2. A foundation for a structure in accordance with the preceding claim, wherein the load transfer cap (2) has, preferably in the region of the upper end (6) of the wood pile (3), a filling opening (11), which can be closed in a fluid-tight manner, for the filling of the inner space (9) of the load transfer cap receiving the wood pile (3) with liquid and/or has an air relief valve (12), which closes in a fluid-tight manner, at its upper side.
  3. A foundation for a structure in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the load transfer cap (2) above the floor of the body of water in which the wood pile (3) is anchored ends in water (4).
  4. A foundation for a structure in accordance with one of the preceding claims or with the preamble of claim 1, wherein the load transfer cap (2) is seated directly on the wood pile (3) free of intermediate layers by a press-fit formed by pre-drying of the wood pile such that the wood pile has a restriction with a permanent change to the wood structure in the region of the load transfer cap (2).
  5. A foundation for a structure in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the load transfer cap (2) forms a pile protection sleeve which is also gas tight and which hermetically surrounds the wood pile (3).
  6. A foundation for a structure in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the load transfer cap (2) has a jacket surface (7) made free of perforations, preferably a body formed completely free of perforations.
  7. A foundation for a structure in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection means (14) have a screw connection element (15), preferably a sleeve nut into which a threaded bolt (16) can be screwed.
  8. A foundation for a structure in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection means (14) are fastened to the load transfer cap body by fastening means engaging solely at the outer side of the load transfer cap body, are preferably welded and/or adhesively bonded to the load transfer cap body.
  9. A foundation for a structure in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the connection means (14) are arranged at an end face (8) of the load transfer cap (2) and/or are positioned coaxially to the longitudinal axis of the load transfer cap (2).
  10. A foundation for a structure in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the load transfer cap (2) is made of steel, preferably stainless steel, and is made in one piece.
  11. A foundation for a structure in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the load transfer cap (2) and the wood pile (3) each have a circular cylindrical shape.
  12. A foundation for a structure in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the wood pile (3) has a wood structure in the moisture transfer zone (18) which is modified with respect to the wood structure of a wood pile section disposed beneath the moisture transfer zone (18) by a wood pile pretreatment and is in particular permanently compressed in the total region of the pile protection sleeve formed by the load transfer cap (2).
  13. A method for the manufacture of a foundation for a structure in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 12, wherein at least one wood pile (3) is anchored in the floor of a body of water such that an upper section of the wood pile (3) projects above the water level (5), wherein the wood pile (3) is provided with a load transfer cap (2) at its upper end so that the wood pile (3) is surrounded by the load transfer cap (2) down to below the water level (5), characterised in that the inner space (9) of the load transfer cap is filled with liquid up to the upper wood pile end (6) by means of an opened filling and/or emptying opening (11, 12) and the said filling and/or emptying opening (11, 12) in the load transfer cap (2) is then closed in a fluid-tight and gas-tight manner so that a head of water above the water level (5) is held in the inner space (9) of the load transfer cap.
  14. A method for the manufacture of a foundation for a structure in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 12, wherein at least one wood pile (3) is anchored in the floor of a body of water and/or is anchored in the ground so that an upper section of the wood pile (3) projects above the water level (5) and/or the ground, wherein the wood pile (3) is provided with a load transfer cap (2) at its upper end so that the wood pile (3) is surrounded by the load transfer cap (2) down to below the water level (5) and/or the moisture transfer zone (18) of the ground, characterised in that the wood pile (3) is pre-dried before the pulling over of the load transfer cap (2), with the moisture content of the wood pile being lowered so far that the outer diameter of the wood pile (3) is reduced below the inner diameter of the load transfer cap (2) and the moisture content of the wood pile (3) is increased again after the pulling over of the load transfer cap (2) such that the wood pile (3) undergoes a permanent change to the wood structure by the diameter increase accompanying the moisture content increase and by the restriction by the load transfer cap (2) occurring as a consequence.
EP07846910A 2006-12-07 2007-11-29 Edifice foundation, and method for the production thereof Not-in-force EP2089577B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006057746A DE102006057746A1 (en) 2006-12-07 2006-12-07 Building foundation and method for producing such a building foundation
PCT/EP2007/010385 WO2008067950A2 (en) 2006-12-07 2007-11-29 Edifice foundation, and method for the production thereof

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2089577A2 EP2089577A2 (en) 2009-08-19
EP2089577B1 true EP2089577B1 (en) 2010-10-06

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Family Applications (1)

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EP07846910A Not-in-force EP2089577B1 (en) 2006-12-07 2007-11-29 Edifice foundation, and method for the production thereof

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EP (1) EP2089577B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE483858T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102006057746A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2008067950A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011087988A1 (en) * 2011-12-08 2013-06-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for checking the functionality of an internal combustion engine operated by a multi-fuel system
DE102018003341A1 (en) * 2018-04-24 2019-10-24 Kurt Obermeier Gmbh & Co. Kg Physical decoupling of surface and underground wood moisture from wooden components in contact with earth or water
DE102020124353A1 (en) 2020-09-18 2022-03-24 Ingenieurbüro für Baugrund Münchow GmbH Procedure for local increase in load-bearing capacity through targeted soil bracing

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1074275A (en) * 1912-11-20 1913-09-30 Kirby D Maclean Concrete socket-pile.
US2385869A (en) * 1944-07-21 1945-10-02 Thomas P Lane Pile protector
DE2107446A1 (en) * 1971-02-17 1972-08-31 Weill & Reineke Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Protective covering for objects standing in water, especially stakes
GB2028405B (en) * 1977-12-06 1982-03-31 Henry E J W Methods of protecting structural members
US4697957A (en) * 1978-07-31 1987-10-06 Hellmers Emil D Marine pile protective system
US4245931A (en) * 1979-07-10 1981-01-20 Watts Jr Ridley Post assembly and method
GB2123872A (en) * 1982-05-07 1984-02-08 Christopher John Howard Protecting wooden posts against rotting
US4983072A (en) * 1989-07-26 1991-01-08 Bell Jr Henry A Method of protecting submerged piling
GB9110097D0 (en) * 1991-05-10 1991-07-03 Colebrand Ltd Protective coating
US5226751A (en) * 1992-02-04 1993-07-13 Doleshal Donald L Controlling the environment around a submerged pile or other structures by encapsulation, and treating and repairing the encapsulation area
DE29500713U1 (en) * 1995-01-18 1995-03-16 Rydmann, Theo, 67310 Hettenleidelheim Support post
DE29717149U1 (en) * 1997-09-25 1998-01-15 Alcatel Alsthom Compagnie Générale d'Electricité, Paris Arrangement for protecting wooden piles anchored in the sea floor against the attack of creatures that are aggressive towards wood
DE20213946U1 (en) * 2002-03-06 2002-12-19 UWB u. Diving Services GmbH Unterwasserbau und Diving Services GmbH, 18439 Stralsund Thermal pile protection (PST) for driven piles and groynes
DE20206242U1 (en) * 2002-04-19 2002-09-26 Hinkerohe, Christian, 19370 Parchim Wooden pile head renovation system kit

Also Published As

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WO2008067950A3 (en) 2008-07-24
DE502007005295D1 (en) 2010-11-18
ATE483858T1 (en) 2010-10-15
EP2089577A2 (en) 2009-08-19
DE102006057746A1 (en) 2008-06-12
WO2008067950A2 (en) 2008-06-12

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