EP2085731A1 - Straight pipe exchanger with compensator - Google Patents

Straight pipe exchanger with compensator Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2085731A1
EP2085731A1 EP09000771A EP09000771A EP2085731A1 EP 2085731 A1 EP2085731 A1 EP 2085731A1 EP 09000771 A EP09000771 A EP 09000771A EP 09000771 A EP09000771 A EP 09000771A EP 2085731 A1 EP2085731 A1 EP 2085731A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
jacket
compensator
medium
ring seal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09000771A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joachim Conrad
Kay Degner
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Linde GmbH
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Linde GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Linde GmbH filed Critical Linde GmbH
Publication of EP2085731A1 publication Critical patent/EP2085731A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/082—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys
    • F28F21/083—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from steel or ferrous alloys from stainless steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/005—Other auxiliary members within casings, e.g. internal filling means or sealing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0075—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for syngas or cracked gas cooling systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/06—Fastening; Joining by welding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49393—Heat exchanger or boiler making with metallurgical bonding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger with a straight tube bundle, as described in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention will be described with reference to a heat exchanger with straight tube bundle, as it is used in a plant for synthesis gas production, without being limited to the application in a synthesis gas plant.
  • the heat exchanger described in the invention can be used in principle for the heat exchange between any two media, each medium can be present either in liquid or gaseous form, regardless of the other medium.
  • synthesis gas In a synthesis gas plant, synthesis gas is usually generated from a fossil energy source by means of thermal fission. The resulting synthesis gas is at a higher temperature than needed for most applications.
  • heat exchangers with an elongated, straight tube bundle are used for the cooling of the hot synthesis gas.
  • feed water which must be preheated for other applications, enters into heat exchange with the hot synthesis gas.
  • the one medium for the heat exchange in the tube space is performed, while the second medium is guided in the jacket space, which surrounds the tube space.
  • the tube space of such a heat exchanger consists essentially of two prechambers with attached nozzles, which are suitable for feeding or discharging the first medium and an elongated, straight tube bundle consisting of at least two tubes.
  • the jacket space encloses the tube space and has at least one feed and an outlet for the second medium. The jacket space is sealed off from the pipe space.
  • the synthesis gas can be conducted both in the tube and in the jacket space in cocurrent or countercurrent to the feed water.
  • the hot synthesis gas is conducted in the tube space and water in the jacket space.
  • the two media involved in the heat exchange have in the case of Synthesis gas plant a very high temperature difference.
  • the heat exchanger is manufactured at room temperature.
  • hot synthesis gas is passed at a temperature between 300 ° C and 450 ° C in cocurrent or countercurrent to water or feed gas at room temperature.
  • the different thermal expansions between pipe and jacket space caused by this temperature difference lead to mechanical stresses. Such mechanical stresses are intercepted by the prior art by a compensator.
  • a compensator is generally formed as a wave-shaped structure consisting of at least one shaft in one or more layers. Due to its wave-shaped structure, the compensator is able to absorb different mechanical expansions at fixed ends well. Similar to a concertina, it can be compressed or pulled apart. According to the prior art, such a compensator can either be installed in the jacket or one uses a straight tube heat exchanger with floating head as in the German patent application "heat exchanger with straight tube bundle and floating head '(file reference 102007017227.5 ) of the Applicant.
  • the heat exchanger When used as a pre-heater in a synthesis gas plant, the heat exchanger would be made of heat-resistant heat-resistant steel, preferably in a chromium-molybdenum alloy, or chromium-nickel steel. Chrome-nickel steel is significantly more expensive than heat-resistant, heat-resistant steel and therefore not to be preferred for economic reasons. However, in the manufacture of a heat exchanger made of heat-resistant steel, the parts are produced in a hot working or welding manner, which requires subsequent annealing to degrade in the production of resultant mechanical stresses.
  • a compensator must be made of chrome-nickel steel. According to the prior art, the entire heat exchanger is thus made of chromium-nickel steel. A similar problem also arises in the sealing of the antechamber with respect to the jacket space.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object, a heat exchanger of the type mentioned in such a way that the cost of its production is improved without causing an increase in the thermal stresses during use and thus to reduce the life.
  • the present object is achieved in that sheath and compensator made of different materials and are connected by adirectedungssch bulkung and / or the antechambers are sealed by a sealing ring seal against the shell space, wherein the sealing ring seal of a different material than prechamber and / or sheath is and connected to the respective parts via an application weld.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention consists of various parts of different materials, which are optimized according to operational and economic aspects. Different parts of a heat exchanger must meet different mechanical or thermal requirements. A compensator in the jacket, for example, must be heat-resistant and sufficiently elastic to absorb mechanical deformations. The remaining part of the jacket, however, only has to be heat-resistant, since it transmits its mechanical stresses to the compensator. For the purposes of the invention, the materials of the different parts of a heat exchanger are adapted to these different requirements and conditions of use. The parts made of different materials are joined together according to the invention by means of a surfacing weld. An application weld is a means known and appreciated by those skilled in the art for joining metallic parts or components of different materials.
  • the jacket and / or the antechamber made of a heat-resistant heat-resistant steel, preferably made of a chromium-molybdenum alloy, and the compensator and / or the welding ring seal made of chrome-nickel steel.
  • Heat-resistant, heat-resistant steel preferably a chromium-molybdenum alloy
  • Chrome-nickel steel also knows a high Heat resistance and at the same time still very good elastic properties.
  • the majority of the jacket can be made of inexpensive heat-resistant heat-resistant steel, while only parts with higher demands on the elastic behavior in the heat exchanger from the more expensive chrome-nickel steel are performed. An optimal adaptation of the parts of the heat exchanger to the different requirements is thus given.
  • the build up weld is made of a nickel and / or molybdenum based alloy, preferably Incoloy 825.
  • Plating weld of a nickel and / or molybdenum based alloy, preferably Incoloy 825, is a suitable means to produce different metallic materials and especially a heat resistant heat resistant steel Chrome-nickel steel to connect.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a straight-tube heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • a method for producing a straight-tube heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the invention in the case of two parts of different material which are to be joined by means of application welding, at least one part is provided with the application weld, the part with the build-up weld is led into an annealing process and then connected to the second part via the application weld.
  • consisting of heat-resistant heat-resistant steel shell pieces and / or pre-chambers are provided with afocusedungssch wellung, performed in an annealing process and then welded to the application welding with the respective consisting of chromium-nickel steel parts such as compensator and / or welding ring seal ,
  • the annealing process removes mechanical stresses that inevitably arise in the manufacture of the heat-resistant heat-resistant steel parts in these parts, thereby significantly increasing their service life.
  • the application weld is not influenced by the annealing process and allows a reliable connection of the parts made of heat-resistant heat-resistant steel and chrome-nickel steel.
  • a straight tube heat exchanger in the context of the invention in synthesis gas plants or hydrogen plants, preferably used as a preheater for cooling of hot synthesis gas with simultaneous heating of water.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a straight tube heat exchanger 1 according to the invention with a jacket 2, a tube bundle 3 (for clarity, only two tubes of the tube bundle 3 are shown), two opposite antechambers 4a, 4b, means for supply and discharge of the first medium into the tube space 5a , 5b and means for supplying and discharging the second medium in the shell space 6a, 6b and a single-layer compensator 7.
  • a heat exchanger can be used for example as a pre-heater in a plant for syngas production.
  • the hot synthesis gas is fed at a temperature of 450 ° C via the feed 5a and the antechamber 4a in the tubes of the tube bundle 3.
  • the cooled synthesis gas leaves the heat exchanger via the pre-chamber 4b and the outlet 5b at a temperature of about 320 ° C.
  • the synthesis gas is cooled by water flowing in the jacket space 2 in countercurrent flow.
  • Both the jacket 2 and the two pre-chambers 4a, 4b are made of heat-resistant heat-resistant steel, especially a chromium-molybdenum alloy.
  • the compensator 7 is just like the two welding ring seals 8 made of chrome-nickel steel.
  • the compensator 7 made of chrome-nickel steel, the different mechanical stresses resulting from the high temperature of the synthesis gas completely collected.
  • the two prechambers 4a, 4b and, consisting of the two sections 2a, 2b, jacket 2 were provided with a hardfacing and passed into an annealing process.
  • the antechambers 4a, 4b and the two shell pieces 2a, 2b were connected via the application welding with the corresponding chrome-nickel steel parts (welding ring seal 8, compensator 7).
  • the atria 4a, 4b are flanged to the jacket 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows the detailed representation of the compound of the compensator 7 with the casing part 2a.
  • the jacket part 2a has a buildup weld 9.
  • the compensator 7 with a corresponding short jacket-like connecting piece 7a is made of chrome-nickel steel and is connected via the application weld 9 with the shell part 2a of a chromium-molybdenum alloy.
  • FIG. 3 shows the detailed representation of the connection of the prechamber 4b with the welding ring seal 8 and the shell piece 2a.
  • Both the pre-chamber 4a and the shell piece 2a are made of a chromium-molybdenum alloy and are connected via theprocessungssch bulkungen 9 with the consisting of chromium-nickel steel welding ring seal 8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

The exchanger (1) has a pipe bundle (3) provided for guiding a medium. A shell (2) surrounding the pipe bundle for guiding another medium. Two opposed pre-chambers (4a, 4b) are fixed at the shell, where the shell is designed as a single layer. The shell and a compensator (7) consist of different material and are connected via an application welding. The pre-chambers are sealed against the shell via a welding ring seal (8), where the welding ring seal consists of other material as pre-chambers and/or shell. An independent claim is also included for a method for manufacturing the straight pipe heat exchanger.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Wärmetauscher mit einem geraden Rohrbündel, wie im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 beschrieben. Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Wärmetauschers mit geradem Rohrbündel beschrieben, wie er in einer Anlage zur Synthesegaserzeugung eingesetzt wird, ohne auf die Anwendung in einer Synthesegasanlage beschränkt zu sein. Der in der Erfindung beschriebene Wärmetauscher kann prinzipiell für den Wärmeaustausch zwischen zwei beliebigen Medien genutzt werden, wobei jedes Medium unabhängig von dem anderen Medium entweder in flüssiger oder gasförmiger Form vorliegen kann.The invention relates to a heat exchanger with a straight tube bundle, as described in the preamble of claim 1. The invention will be described with reference to a heat exchanger with straight tube bundle, as it is used in a plant for synthesis gas production, without being limited to the application in a synthesis gas plant. The heat exchanger described in the invention can be used in principle for the heat exchange between any two media, each medium can be present either in liquid or gaseous form, regardless of the other medium.

In einer Synthesegasanlage wird Synthesegas meist aus einem fossilen Energieträger mittels thermischer Spaltung erzeugt. Das dabei entstehende Synthesegas liegt bei einer höheren Temperatur vor, als es für die meisten Anwendungen benötigt wird. Zur Abkühlung des heißen Synthesegases werden nach dem Stand der Technik hauptsächlich Wärmetauscher mit einem längserstreckten, geraden Rohrbündel eingesetzt. In diesen so genannten Geradrohrwärmetauschern tritt beispielsweise Speisewasser, welches für andere Anwendungen vorgewärmt werden muss, in Wärmetausch mit dem heißen Synthesegas. In einem derartigen Wärmetauscher mit einem längserstreckten, geraden Rohrbündel wird das eine Medium für den Wärmetausch im Rohrraum geführt, während das zweite Medium im Mantelraum geführt wird, welcher den Rohrraum umschließt. Der Rohrraum eines solchen Wärmetauscher besteht im Wesentlichen aus zwei Vorkammern mit aufgesetzten Stutzen, welcher zur Zu- oder Abführung des ersten Mediums geeignet sind und einem längserstreckten, geraden Rohrbündel, bestehend aus mindestens zwei Rohren. Der Mantelraum umschließt den Rohrraum und weist mindestens eine Zuführung und eine Abführung für das zweite Medium auf. Der Mantelraum ist gegenüber dem Rohrraum abgedichtet.In a synthesis gas plant, synthesis gas is usually generated from a fossil energy source by means of thermal fission. The resulting synthesis gas is at a higher temperature than needed for most applications. For the cooling of the hot synthesis gas, according to the prior art, mainly heat exchangers with an elongated, straight tube bundle are used. In these so-called straight tube heat exchangers, for example, feed water, which must be preheated for other applications, enters into heat exchange with the hot synthesis gas. In such a heat exchanger with an elongated, straight tube bundle, the one medium for the heat exchange in the tube space is performed, while the second medium is guided in the jacket space, which surrounds the tube space. The tube space of such a heat exchanger consists essentially of two prechambers with attached nozzles, which are suitable for feeding or discharging the first medium and an elongated, straight tube bundle consisting of at least two tubes. The jacket space encloses the tube space and has at least one feed and an outlet for the second medium. The jacket space is sealed off from the pipe space.

Das Synthesegas kann sowohl im Rohr- als auch im Mantelraum im Gleich- oder Gegenstrom zum Speisewasser geführt werden. Gewöhnlich werden in einer Synthesegasanlage das heiße Synthesegas im Rohrraum und Wasser im Mantelraum geführt. Die beiden am Wärmetausch beteiligten Medien weisen im Fall einer Synthesegasanlage eine sehr hohe Temperaturdifferenz auf. Der Wärmetauscher wird bei Raumtemperatur gefertigt. Bei dem Einsatz als Preheater in einer Synthesegasanlage wird heißes Synthesegas mit einer Temperatur zwischen 300°C und 450°C im Gleich- oder Gegenstrom zu Wasser beziehungsweise Einsatzgas mit Raumtemperatur geführt. Die durch diese Temperaturdifferenz hervorgerufenen unterschiedlichen Wärmeausdehnungen zwischen Rohr- und Mantelraum führen zu mechanischen Spannungen. Derartige mechanische Spannungen werden nach dem Stand der Technik durch einen Kompensator abgefangen. Ein Kompensator ist in der Regel als wellenförmige Struktur bestehend aus mindestens einer Welle in einer oder mehreren Lagen ausgebildet. Durch seine wellenförmige Struktur ist der Kompensator in der Lage, unterschiedliche mechanische Ausdehnungen bei fixierten Enden gut aufzunehmen. Ähnlich einer Ziehharmonika kann er zusammengedrückt oder auseinander gezogen werden. Nach dem Stand der Technik kann ein solcher Kompensator entweder in den Mantel eingebaut werden oder man verwendet einen Geradrohrwärmetauscher mit Schwimmkopf wie in der deutschen Patentanmeldung "Wärmetauscher mit geradem Rohrbündel und Schwimmkopf' (Aktenzeichen 102007017227.5 ) der Anmelderin.The synthesis gas can be conducted both in the tube and in the jacket space in cocurrent or countercurrent to the feed water. Usually, in a synthesis gas plant, the hot synthesis gas is conducted in the tube space and water in the jacket space. The two media involved in the heat exchange have in the case of Synthesis gas plant a very high temperature difference. The heat exchanger is manufactured at room temperature. When used as Preheater in a synthesis gas plant hot synthesis gas is passed at a temperature between 300 ° C and 450 ° C in cocurrent or countercurrent to water or feed gas at room temperature. The different thermal expansions between pipe and jacket space caused by this temperature difference lead to mechanical stresses. Such mechanical stresses are intercepted by the prior art by a compensator. A compensator is generally formed as a wave-shaped structure consisting of at least one shaft in one or more layers. Due to its wave-shaped structure, the compensator is able to absorb different mechanical expansions at fixed ends well. Similar to a concertina, it can be compressed or pulled apart. According to the prior art, such a compensator can either be installed in the jacket or one uses a straight tube heat exchanger with floating head as in the German patent application "heat exchanger with straight tube bundle and floating head '(file reference 102007017227.5 ) of the Applicant.

Als Materialien zur Herstellung eines Geradrohrwärmetauschers kommen, je nach geplanten Einsatz und den sich daraus ergebenden Drücken, Temperaturen und am Wärmeaustausch teilnehmenden Medien, die verschiedensten Sorten von Stahl- oder Aluminiumlegierungen in Frage. Bei einem Einsatz als Preheater in einer Synthesegasanlage würde man den Wärmeaustauscher aus hitzebeständigem warmfesten Stahl, bevorzugt in einer Chrom-Molybdän Legierung, oder Chrom-Nickel Stahl ausführen. Chrom-Nickel Stahl ist deutlich teurer als hitzebeständiger warmfester Stahl und daher aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen nicht zu bevorzugen. Bei der Herstellung eines Wärmetauschers aus warmfesten Stahl werden die Teile jedoch in einem Warmumformungsverfahren bzw. in geschweißter Art hergestellt, was ein anschließendes Glühen zum Abbau bei der Herstellung entstehender mechanischer Spannungen erfordert. Ein derartiges Glühverfahren lässt sich mit einem Kompensator im Mantel nicht durchführen bzw. der Kompensator würde durch das Glühverfahren an Elastizität verlieren. Daher muss ein Kompensator aus Chrom-Nickel Stahl hergestellt werden. Nach dem Stand der Technik wird somit der gesamte Wärmetauscher aus Chrom-Nickel Stahl hergestellt. Ein ähnliches Problem ergibt sich auch bei der Abdichtung der Vorkammern gegenüber dem Mantelraum.As materials for the production of a straight tube heat exchanger come, depending on the planned use and the resulting pressures, temperatures and participating in the heat exchange media, the most diverse types of steel or aluminum alloys in question. When used as a pre-heater in a synthesis gas plant, the heat exchanger would be made of heat-resistant heat-resistant steel, preferably in a chromium-molybdenum alloy, or chromium-nickel steel. Chrome-nickel steel is significantly more expensive than heat-resistant, heat-resistant steel and therefore not to be preferred for economic reasons. However, in the manufacture of a heat exchanger made of heat-resistant steel, the parts are produced in a hot working or welding manner, which requires subsequent annealing to degrade in the production of resultant mechanical stresses. Such an annealing process can not be performed with a compensator in the jacket or the compensator would lose elasticity due to the annealing process. Therefore, a compensator must be made of chrome-nickel steel. According to the prior art, the entire heat exchanger is thus made of chromium-nickel steel. A similar problem also arises in the sealing of the antechamber with respect to the jacket space.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Wärmetauscher der eingangs erwähnten Art derart auszugestalten, dass die Wirtschaftlichkeit seiner Herstellung verbessert wird ohne das es zu einer Erhöhung der thermischen Spannungen während des Einsatzes und damit zu einer Verringerung der Lebensdauer kommt.The present invention is therefore based on the object, a heat exchanger of the type mentioned in such a way that the cost of its production is improved without causing an increase in the thermal stresses during use and thus to reduce the life.

Die vorliegende Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, dass Mantel und Kompensator aus verschiedenen Materialien bestehen und mittels einer Auftragungsschweißung verbunden sind und/oder die Vorkammern mittels einer Schweißringdichtung gegenüber dem Mantelraum abgedichtet sind, wobei die Schweißringdichtung aus einem anderen Material als Vorkammer und/oder Mantel besteht und über eine Auftragungsschweißung mit den jeweiligen Teilen verbunden ist.The present object is achieved in that sheath and compensator made of different materials and are connected by a Auftragungsschweißung and / or the antechambers are sealed by a sealing ring seal against the shell space, wherein the sealing ring seal of a different material than prechamber and / or sheath is and connected to the respective parts via an application weld.

Der erfindungsgemäße Wärmetauscher besteht aus verschiedenen Teilen unterschiedlicher Materialien, die nach einsatztechnischen und wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten optimiert sind. Unterschiedliche Teile eines Wärmetauschers müssen unterschiedlichen mechanischen oder thermischen Anforderungen genügen. Ein Kompensator im Mantel beispielsweise muss hitzebeständig und hinreichend elastisch sein, um mechanische Verformungen aufzunehmen. Der restliche Teil des Mantels dagegen muss lediglich hitzebeständig sein, da er ja seine mechanischen Spannungen auf den Kompensator überträgt. Im Sinne der Erfindung werden die Materialien der unterschiedlichen Teile eines Wärmetauschers diesen unterschiedlichen Anforderungen und Einsatzbedingungen angepasst. Die Teile aus unterschiedlichen Materialien werden erfindungsgemäß mittels einer Auftragungsschweißung miteinander verbunden. Eine Auftragungsschweißung ist ein dem Fachmann bekanntes und erprobtes Mittel zur Verbindung von metallischen Teilen oder Komponenten aus unterschiedlichen Materialien.The heat exchanger according to the invention consists of various parts of different materials, which are optimized according to operational and economic aspects. Different parts of a heat exchanger must meet different mechanical or thermal requirements. A compensator in the jacket, for example, must be heat-resistant and sufficiently elastic to absorb mechanical deformations. The remaining part of the jacket, however, only has to be heat-resistant, since it transmits its mechanical stresses to the compensator. For the purposes of the invention, the materials of the different parts of a heat exchanger are adapted to these different requirements and conditions of use. The parts made of different materials are joined together according to the invention by means of a surfacing weld. An application weld is a means known and appreciated by those skilled in the art for joining metallic parts or components of different materials.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung bestehen der Mantel und/oder die Vorkammer aus einem hitzebeständigen warmfesten Stahl, bevorzugt aus einer Chrom-Molybdän Legierung, und der Kompensator und/oder die Schweißringdichtung aus Chrom-Nickel Stahl. Hitzebeständiger warmfester Stahl, bevorzugt eine Chrom-Molybdän Legierung, hat sich für den Einsatz in Wärmetauschern bei hohen Temperaturen bewährt. Chrom-Nickel Stahl weißt ebenfalls eine hohe Hitzebeständigkeit und dabei zusätzlich noch sehr gute elastische Eigenschaften auf. In dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann der überwiegende Teil des Mantels aus günstigem hitzebeständigem warmfestem Stahl ausgeführt werden, während nur Teile mit höheren Anforderungen an das elastische Verhalten im Wärmetauscher aus dem teureren Chrom-Nickel Stahl ausgeführt werden. Eine optimale Anpassung der Teile des Wärmetauschers auf die unterschiedlichen Anforderungen ist somit gegeben.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the jacket and / or the antechamber made of a heat-resistant heat-resistant steel, preferably made of a chromium-molybdenum alloy, and the compensator and / or the welding ring seal made of chrome-nickel steel. Heat-resistant, heat-resistant steel, preferably a chromium-molybdenum alloy, has proven itself for use in heat exchangers at high temperatures. Chrome-nickel steel also knows a high Heat resistance and at the same time still very good elastic properties. In this embodiment of the invention, the majority of the jacket can be made of inexpensive heat-resistant heat-resistant steel, while only parts with higher demands on the elastic behavior in the heat exchanger from the more expensive chrome-nickel steel are performed. An optimal adaptation of the parts of the heat exchanger to the different requirements is thus given.

Vorteilhafterweise besteht die Auftragungsschweißung aus einer Nickel und/oder Molybdän basierten Legierung, bevorzugt Incoloy 825. Eine Auftragungsschweißung aus einer Nickel und/oder Molybdän basierten Legierung, bevorzugt Incoloy 825, ist ein geeignetes Mittel, um unterschiedliche metallische Materialien und speziell einen hitzebeständigen warmfesten Stahl und Chrom-Nickel Stahl zu verbinden.Advantageously, the build up weld is made of a nickel and / or molybdenum based alloy, preferably Incoloy 825. Plating weld of a nickel and / or molybdenum based alloy, preferably Incoloy 825, is a suitable means to produce different metallic materials and especially a heat resistant heat resistant steel Chrome-nickel steel to connect.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Geradrohrwärmetauschers. Erfindungsgemäß wird bei zwei Teilen unterschiedlichen Materials, welche mittels Auftragungsschweißung verbunden werden sollen, mindestens ein Teil mit der Auftragungsschweißung versehen, das Teil mit der Auftragsschweißung in ein Glühverfahren geführt und anschließend mit dem zweiten Teil über die Auftragungsschweißung verbunden.The invention further relates to a method for producing a straight-tube heat exchanger according to the invention. According to the invention, in the case of two parts of different material which are to be joined by means of application welding, at least one part is provided with the application weld, the part with the build-up weld is led into an annealing process and then connected to the second part via the application weld.

Gemäß einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden die aus hitzebeständigen warmfesten Stahl bestehenden Mantelstücke und/oder Vorkammern mit einer Auftragungsschweißung versehen, in ein Glühverfahren geführt und anschließend über die Auftragungsschweißung mit den jeweiligen aus Chrom-Nickel Stahl bestehenden Teilen wie Kompensator und/oder Schweißringdichtung verschweißt. Durch das Glühverfahren werden mechanische Spannungen, die bei der Herstellung der Teile aus hitzebeständigem warmfesten Stahl zwangsläufig entstehen, in diesen Teilen abgebaut, wodurch sich deren Lebensdauer deutlich erhöht. Die Auftragungsschweißung wird durch das Glühverfahren nicht beeinflusst und ermöglicht eine zuverlässige Verbindung der Teile aus hitzebeständigen warmfesten Stahl und Chrom-Nickel Stahl.According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, consisting of heat-resistant heat-resistant steel shell pieces and / or pre-chambers are provided with a Auftragungsschweißung, performed in an annealing process and then welded to the application welding with the respective consisting of chromium-nickel steel parts such as compensator and / or welding ring seal , The annealing process removes mechanical stresses that inevitably arise in the manufacture of the heat-resistant heat-resistant steel parts in these parts, thereby significantly increasing their service life. The application weld is not influenced by the annealing process and allows a reliable connection of the parts made of heat-resistant heat-resistant steel and chrome-nickel steel.

Vorteilhafterweise wird ein Geradrohrwärmetauscher im Sinne der Erfindung in Synthesegasanlagen oder Wasserstoffanlagen, bevorzugt als Preheater zur Abkühlung von heißen Synthesegas bei gleichzeitiger Erwärmung von Wasser, verwendet.Advantageously, a straight tube heat exchanger in the context of the invention in synthesis gas plants or hydrogen plants, preferably used as a preheater for cooling of hot synthesis gas with simultaneous heating of water.

Mit der vorliegenden Erfindung gelingt es insbesondere die unterschiedlichen Teile eines Wärmetauschers optimal auf die unterschiedlichen mechanischen und thermischen Anforderungen anzupassen. Die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Herstellung eines derartigen Wärmetauschers wird dabei deutlich erhöht, ohne das damit Verluste an mechanischer oder thermischer Stabilität einhergehen.With the present invention, it is possible in particular to optimally adapt the different parts of a heat exchanger to the different mechanical and thermal requirements. The cost-effectiveness of the production of such a heat exchanger is thereby significantly increased, without the associated loss of mechanical or thermal stability.

Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand eines in den Figuren dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert werden.In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in FIGS.

Es zeigen

Figur 1
ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Wärmetauschers,
Figur 2
eine Detailzeichnung der Verbindung von Mantel und Kompensator und
Figur 3
eine Detailzeichnung der Verbindung zwischen Schweißringdichtung und Vorkammer.
Show it
FIG. 1
an embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the invention,
FIG. 2
a detailed drawing of the connection of jacket and compensator and
FIG. 3
a detailed drawing of the connection between welding ring seal and prechamber.

Figur 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Geradrohrwärmetauschers 1 mit einem Mantel 2, einem Rohrbündel 3 (aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit sind nur zwei Rohre des Rohrbündels 3 dargestellt), zwei entgegengesetzten Vorkammern 4a, 4b, Mitteln zur Zu- und Abführung des ersten Mediums in den Rohrraum 5a, 5b und Mitteln zur Zu- und Abführung des zweiten Mediums in den Mantelraum 6a, 6b sowie einen einlagigen Kompensator 7. Ein derartiger Wärmetauscher kann beispielsweise als Preheater in einer Anlage zur Synthesegasherstellung eingesetzt werden. In dieser Ausführungsform wird das heiße Synthesegas mit einer Temperatur von 450°C über die Zuführung 5a und die Vorkammer 4a in die Rohre des Rohrbündels 3 geführt. Das abgekühlte Synthesegas verlässt mit einer Temperatur von rund 320°C den Wärmetauscher über die Vorkammer 4b und die Abführung 5b. Das Synthesegas wird durch im Mantelraum 2 im Gegenstrom fließendes Wasser abgekühlt. Das Zu- bzw. Abfuhr des Wassers in den Mantelraum erfolgt über die Zu- bzw. Abführung 6a bzw. 6b. Sowohl der Mantel 2 als auch die beiden Vorkammern 4a, 4b sind aus hitzebeständigen warmfesten Stahl, speziell einer Chrom-Molybdän Legierung. Der Kompensator 7 besteht ebenso wie die beiden Schweißringdichtungen 8 aus Chrom-Nickel Stahl. Durch den Kompensator 7 aus Chrom-Nickel Stahl werden die unterschiedlichen mechanischen Spannungen resultierend aus der hohe Temperatur des Synthesegases komplett aufgefangen. Bei der Herstellung wurden die beiden Vorkammern 4a, 4b sowie der, aus den beiden Teilstücken 2a, 2b, bestehende Mantel 2 mit einer Auftragsschweißung versehen und in ein Glühverfahren geführt. Nach dem Glühverfahren wurden die Vorkammern 4a, 4b und die beiden Mantelstücke 2a, 2b über die Auftragungsschweißung mit den entsprechenden Chrom-Nickel Stahlteilen (Schweißringdichtung 8, Kompensator 7) verbunden. Die Vorkammern 4a, 4b sind an den Mantel 2 angeflanscht. FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a straight tube heat exchanger 1 according to the invention with a jacket 2, a tube bundle 3 (for clarity, only two tubes of the tube bundle 3 are shown), two opposite antechambers 4a, 4b, means for supply and discharge of the first medium into the tube space 5a , 5b and means for supplying and discharging the second medium in the shell space 6a, 6b and a single-layer compensator 7. Such a heat exchanger can be used for example as a pre-heater in a plant for syngas production. In this embodiment, the hot synthesis gas is fed at a temperature of 450 ° C via the feed 5a and the antechamber 4a in the tubes of the tube bundle 3. The cooled synthesis gas leaves the heat exchanger via the pre-chamber 4b and the outlet 5b at a temperature of about 320 ° C. The synthesis gas is cooled by water flowing in the jacket space 2 in countercurrent flow. The supply and removal of the water in the shell space via the inlet and outlet 6a and 6b. Both the jacket 2 and the two pre-chambers 4a, 4b are made of heat-resistant heat-resistant steel, especially a chromium-molybdenum alloy. The compensator 7 is just like the two welding ring seals 8 made of chrome-nickel steel. The compensator 7 made of chrome-nickel steel, the different mechanical stresses resulting from the high temperature of the synthesis gas completely collected. In the production, the two prechambers 4a, 4b and, consisting of the two sections 2a, 2b, jacket 2 were provided with a hardfacing and passed into an annealing process. After the annealing process, the antechambers 4a, 4b and the two shell pieces 2a, 2b were connected via the application welding with the corresponding chrome-nickel steel parts (welding ring seal 8, compensator 7). The atria 4a, 4b are flanged to the jacket 2.

Figur 2 zeigt die Detaildarstellung der Verbindung des Kompensators 7 mit dem Mantelteil 2a. Der Mantelteil 2a weißt eine Auftragungsschweißung 9 auf. Der Kompensator 7 mit einem entsprechenden kurzen mantelähnlichen Verbindungsstück 7a besteht aus Chrom-Nickel Stahl und wird über die Auftragungsschweißung 9 mit dem Mantelteil 2a aus einer Chrom-Molybdän Legierung verbunden. FIG. 2 shows the detailed representation of the compound of the compensator 7 with the casing part 2a. The jacket part 2a has a buildup weld 9. The compensator 7 with a corresponding short jacket-like connecting piece 7a is made of chrome-nickel steel and is connected via the application weld 9 with the shell part 2a of a chromium-molybdenum alloy.

Figur 3 zeigt die Detaildarstellung der Verbindung der Vorkammer 4b mit der Schweißringdichtung 8 und dem Mantelstück 2a. Sowohl die Vorkammer 4a als auch das Mantelstück 2a bestehen aus einer Chrom-Molybdän Legierung und werden über die Auftragungsschweißungen 9 mit der aus Chrom-Nickel Stahl bestehenden Schweißringdichtung 8 verbunden. FIG. 3 shows the detailed representation of the connection of the prechamber 4b with the welding ring seal 8 and the shell piece 2a. Both the pre-chamber 4a and the shell piece 2a are made of a chromium-molybdenum alloy and are connected via the Auftragungsschweißungen 9 with the consisting of chromium-nickel steel welding ring seal 8.

Claims (7)

Geradrohrwärmetauscher (1) zum Wärmeaustausch zwischen zwei Medien in der flüssigen und/oder gasförmigen Phase welcher aus a) einem Rohrbündel (3) zur Führung eines Mediums, b) einem das Rohrbündel (3) umgebenden Mantelraum (2) zur Führung des zweiten Mediums, c) zwei entgegengesetzten Vorkammern (4a, 4b) mit Mitteln zur Zu- bzw. Abführung des ersten Mediums in bzw. aus dem Rohrbündel, wobei die Vorkammern (4a, 4b) an den Mantel (2) befestigt werden, d) Mitteln zur Zu- bzw. Abführung des ersten Mediums in die Vorkammern (5a, 5b) sowie Mitteln zur Zu- bzw. Abführung des zweiten Mediums in den Mantelraum (6a, 6b), sowie e) mindestens einem Kompensator (7) im Mantel (2), welcher mindestens einlagig ist, besteht,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
Mantel (2) und Kompensator (7) aus verschiedenen Materialien bestehen und mittels einer Auftragungsschweißung (9) verbunden sind
und/oder
die Vorkammern (4a, 4b) mittels einer Schweißringdichtung (8) gegenüber dem Mantelraum (2) abgedichtet sind, wobei die Schweißringdichtung (8) aus einem anderen Material als Vorkammer (4a, 4b) und/oder Mantel (2) besteht.Straight tube heat exchanger (1) for heat exchange between two media in the liquid and / or gaseous phase which aus a) a tube bundle (3) for guiding a medium, b) a jacket space (2) surrounding the tube bundle (3) for guiding the second medium, c) two opposite prechambers (4a, 4b) with means for feeding or discharging the first medium into and out of the tube bundle, wherein the prechambers (4a, 4b) are fastened to the jacket (2), d) means for supplying and discharging the first medium into the antechambers (5a, 5b) and means for supplying or discharging the second medium into the jacket space (6a, 6b), as well as e) at least one compensator (7) in the jacket (2), which is at least single-layered, consists,
characterized in that
Sheath (2) and compensator (7) made of different materials and are connected by means of a Auftragungsschweißung (9)
and or
the prechambers (4a, 4b) are sealed off from the jacket space (2) by means of a welding ring seal (8), wherein the welding ring seal (8) consists of a different material than prechamber (4a, 4b) and / or jacket (2). Geradrohrwärmetauscher (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Mantel (2) und/oder die Vorkammer (4a, 4b) aus einem hitzebeständigen warmfesten Stahl, bevorzugt aus einer Chrom-Molybdän Legierung, bestehen.Straight tube heat exchanger (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the jacket (2) and / or the pre-chamber (4a, 4b) made of a heat-resistant heat-resistant steel, preferably made of a chromium-molybdenum alloy. Geradrohrwärmetauscher (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, der Kompensator (7) und/oder die Schweißringdichtung (8) aus Chrom-Nickel Stahl bestehen.Straight tube heat exchanger (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the compensator (7) and / or the welding ring seal (8) consist of chromium-nickel steel. Geradrohrwärmetauscher (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auftragungsschweißung (9) aus einer Nickel und/oder Molybdän basierten Legierung, bevorzugt Incoloy 825, besteht.Straight tube heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the application weld (9) consists of a nickel and / or molybdenum-based alloy, preferably Incoloy 825. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Geradrohrwärmetauschers (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei zwei Teilen unterschiedlichen Materials, welche mittels Auftragungsschweißung (9) verbunden werden sollen, mindestens ein Teil mit der Auftragungsschweißung (9) versehen wird, das Teil mit der Auftragsschweißung (9) in ein Glühverfahren geführt wird und anschließend mit dem zweiten Teil über die Auftragungsschweißung (9) verbunden wird.Method for producing a straight-tube heat exchanger (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, in the case of two parts of different material to be joined by application welding (9), at least one part is provided with the application weld (9), the part with the build-up welding (9) is performed in an annealing process and then connected to the second part of the application weld (9). Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Geradrohrwärmetauschers (1) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die aus hitzebeständigen warmfesten Stahl bestehenden Mantelstücke (2a, 2b) und/oder Vorkammern (4a, 4b) mit einer Auftragungsschweißung (9) versehen werden, in ein Glühverfahren geführt werden und anschließend über die Auftragungsschweißung (9) mit den jeweiligen aus Chrom-Nickel Stahl bestehenden Teilen wie Kompensator (7) und/oder Schweißringdichtung (8) verschweißt werden.Method for producing a straight-tube heat exchanger (1) according to Claim 5, characterized in that the jacket pieces (2a, 2b) and / or prechambers (4a, 4b) made of heat-resistant heat-resistant steel are provided with an application weld (9), conducted in an annealing process and then welded via the application weld (9) with the respective consisting of chrome-nickel steel parts such as compensator (7) and / or welding ring seal (8). Verwendung eines Geradrohrwärmetauschers (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, in Synthesegasanlagen oder Wasserstoffanlagen, bevorzugt als Preheater zur Abkühlung von heißen Synthesegas bei gleichzeitiger Erwärmung von Wasser.Use of a straight tube heat exchanger (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, in synthesis gas plants or hydrogen plants, preferably as a preheater for cooling of hot synthesis gas with simultaneous heating of water.
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