EP2085693A2 - Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2085693A2
EP2085693A2 EP09450013A EP09450013A EP2085693A2 EP 2085693 A2 EP2085693 A2 EP 2085693A2 EP 09450013 A EP09450013 A EP 09450013A EP 09450013 A EP09450013 A EP 09450013A EP 2085693 A2 EP2085693 A2 EP 2085693A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cyclone
combustion
chamber
nozzles
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09450013A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2085693A3 (fr
Inventor
Anton Maggale
Egon Ruß
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AT0006408U external-priority patent/AT10349U3/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2085693A2 publication Critical patent/EP2085693A2/fr
Publication of EP2085693A3 publication Critical patent/EP2085693A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F23G5/165—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/32—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor the waste being subjected to a whirling movement, e.g. cyclonic incinerators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/22—Waste papers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and apparatus for burning solid fuels.
  • Known devices for burning solid fuels usually have a grate on which the fuel to be burned is burned.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus of the type mentioned, with which at low operating costs, a problem-free thermal utilization of agricultural and forestry biomasses and special fuels, such as waste wood, waste from the paper industry and rejects, is possible.
  • An advantage of the method and apparatus according to the invention is that the primary combustion (feed grate) and the secondary combustion (cyclone combustion) are spatially separated.
  • the primary combustion can be operated in a reducing atmosphere. As a result, a significant reduction of environmentally harmful nitrogen oxides is possible.
  • the drying of the fuel and the subsequent primary combustion can be carried out in a controlled ember bed.
  • the burning on a feed grate has significant advantages over a pure fluidized bed combustion, which among other things lower air velocities at the grate is to call.
  • the invention results in the advantage that the raw dust content is already minimized in the primary region.
  • the cyclone combustion is arranged vertically above the primary zone designed as a feed grate firing.
  • the specially shaped entry into the cyclone chamber and tangentially arranged air nozzles for the secondary air and the circulation caused thereby result in an advantageous rotation of the flue gases.
  • This rotational movement of the flue gases pushes (heavy) dust particles outwards where they burn and fall back down into the primary zone.
  • the combustion process that takes place in the cyclone combustion and is dynamically influenced by the tangential forces and gravity enables a complete burning of the fly ash.
  • this embodiment can be carried out in a device having a combustion chamber for burning solid fuels, in particular agricultural and forestry biomass, and special fuels, wherein a primary combustion is carried out in a chamber with a grate, and a secondary combustion is carried out as cyclone combustion, which is characterized in that in the cyclone chamber several nozzles / nozzles for the entry of air and that the nozzle blocks / nozzles are aligned tangentially or at least approximately tangentially to the cyclone chamber.
  • the invention allows the tangential or substantially tangential air streams (from the nozzles) to control the tangential velocity during cyclone combustion to achieve optimum combustion. All this can lead to the advantageous reduction of the raw dust content in the exhaust gases (flue gas).
  • the chamber for the cyclone combustion is arranged vertically above the primary zone designed as a feed grate firing.
  • the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the primary combustion is carried out as feed grate firing.
  • the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the primary combustion enters the cyclone combustion through a connection opening.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that air is blown into the cyclone combustion in different directions.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that air is blown into the cyclone combustion in tangential or in substantially tangential streams.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the tangential velocity in the cyclone combustion is set by selecting the speed of the air streams.
  • the method according to the invention may be characterized in that air is blown into the cyclone combustion from at least two nozzles.
  • the method according to the invention may be characterized in that air is alternately injected into the cyclone combustion from two nozzle sticks arranged distributed over the circumference of the chamber of the cyclone combustion, the two nozzle sticks being diametrically opposed to one another.
  • the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the directions of the air streams emerging from the two nozzles are parallel but opposite to each other.
  • the method according to the invention may be characterized in that air is alternately injected, with equal or different intensity, from nozzles of a set of two sets of nozzles into the cyclone combustion, the air streams emerging from the nozzles of the two sets being oppositely tangential or in the opposite direction Essentially tangentially aligned.
  • the method according to the invention may be characterized in that air is injected simultaneously, with equal or different intensity, from nozzles of a set of two sets of nozzles into the cyclone combustion, the air streams emerging from the nozzles of the two sets being oppositely tangential or in the opposite direction Essentially tangentially aligned.
  • the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the air streams are injected in one direction and speed into the cyclone combustion, that the cyclone combustion is performed turbulent.
  • the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the air streams are blown into the cyclone combustion in one direction and speed, and that the cyclone combustion is carried out in the form of a fluidized bed.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the chamber for the advancing grate firing is assigned a device for supplying solid fuels.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished in that the transition between the chamber for the feed grate firing and the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion has a smaller cross-sectional area compared to the cross-sectional area of the cyclone chamber.
  • the inventive device proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the cyclone chamber for cyclone combustion with distance from the connection opening between chamber for Vorschubrostfeuerung and Zyklonhunt for cyclone combustion an inwardly facing, inwardly projecting rib, in particular an annular rib , having.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention can be characterized in that at least one nozzle for the entry of air opens in the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the at least one nozzle for the introduction of air into the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion opens tangentially into the region between the connection opening and the rib.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished in that the at least one nozzle opens at a small distance above the connection opening.
  • the proposed device according to the invention for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that in the cyclone chamber several nozzles / nozzles for the entry of air and that the nozzle blocks / nozzles are aligned tangentially or at least approximately tangentially to the cyclone chamber.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention can be characterized in that a feed grate is provided in the combustion chamber for the primary combustion, to which a device for supplying solid fuels is assigned.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished in that the transition between the combustion chamber for the primary combustion and the cyclone chamber has a smaller cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of the interior of the cyclone chamber.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the cyclone chamber for cyclone combustion with a distance from the connection opening between the combustion chamber for the primary combustion and the cyclone chamber for cyclone combustion, an inwardly facing, inwardly projecting rib, in particular an annular rib having.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished in that the cyclone chamber for the cyclone combustion is designed as a projection-free cylinder.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the nozzle nozzles / nozzles for the introduction of air into the cyclone chamber open tangentially.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that two pairs are provided with two nozzle bars which are diametrically opposed to one another.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that the axes of the openings of the nozzle blocks are aligned parallel to a diameter line lying between two nozzle bars.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention can be characterized in that the nozzle rods are connected to supply lines for air supply such that either the nozzle blocks of one pair or the nozzle blocks of the other pair are exposed to air.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that the nozzle sticks are connected to supply lines for air supply, that the nozzle sticks of the one pair and the nozzle sticks 31 of the other pair simultaneously with air, optionally with air of different intensity , are acted upon.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that in the wall of the cyclone chamber a first set of nozzles, which are oriented approximately tangentially, on the one hand, and a second set of nozzles, which are aligned approximately tangentially to the cyclone chamber, on the other hand, are provided and that the nozzles of the first set and the nozzles of the second set are aligned in opposite directions.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be characterized in that nozzle blocks / nozzles are arranged at different altitudes in the cyclone chamber.
  • the device according to the invention proposed for carrying out the method according to the invention may be distinguished by the fact that several pairs of nozzle sticks are distributed over the height of the cyclone chamber.
  • FIG. 1 a device for burning solid fuels and in the Fig. 2 to 5
  • FIG. 1 a device for burning solid fuels
  • Fig. 2 to 5 In schematic horizontal sections embodiments of inventive cyclone chambers are shown.
  • a plant according to the invention has in the in Fig. 1 embodiment shown, two basic components, a combustion chamber 1 and a cyclone chamber 5.
  • a feed grate 3 is provided in the burner chamber 1, in which the Vorschubrostfeuerung is executed.
  • the cyclone chamber 5 is arranged, in which the cyclone combustion takes place.
  • the cyclone chamber 5 has a vertical axis 7 and is arranged at the upper end 9 of the combustion chamber 1 for the Vorschubrostfeuerung.
  • a feed 13 which can operate continuously or discontinuously and, for example, a mechanical supply by means of hydraulic Stoker or screw conveyors, fed.
  • the kiln 11 slides down along the feed grate 3 while it is burning.
  • the transition 15 between the combustion chamber 1 with the Vorschubrostfeuerung and the cyclone chamber 5 for the cyclone combustion is formed in the embodiment with reduced cross section to ensure in the cyclone chamber 5, an advantageous flow of smoke or carbonization from the feed grate firing in the vertical cyclone combustion.
  • the section 17 of the larger diameter cyclone chamber 5 terminates at the top with a further Einschürung 23, to which a second, extended portion 25 connects at the top.
  • the purified flue gases from the cyclone chamber 5 can also escape upwards.
  • a considerable advantage of the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention is that, thanks to the special arrangement and operation of the nozzles (cf. Fig. 2 to 5 ) in the cyclone chamber 5 of a fluidized bed can form similar conditions, wherein substances in the fluidized bed from below by transfer from the burner chamber 1, in which the Vorschubrostfeuerung is performed, and deducted smoke or combustion gases through the lateral outlet 21 (or up) become.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 In the in the FIGS. 2 and 3 In the embodiment shown in FIG. Fig. 1 ) for forming a cyclone combustion in the cyclone chamber 5, four nozzle blocks 30 and 31 for supplying air are provided.
  • the nozzle sticks 30 and 31 are aligned so that the axes of their mouths and thus the air streams emerging from them are aligned parallel to a diameter line 32 which is provided between adjacent nozzle bars 30 and 31, that is, the air streams from the nozzle sticks 30 and 31 entering the cyclone chamber 5 substantially tangentially.
  • either the pair with the nozzle sticks 30 (FIG. Fig. 3 ) or the pair with the nozzle sticks 31 (FIG. Fig. 2 ) is exposed to air, so that once a direction of rotation of the cyclone in a clockwise direction ( Fig. 3 ) and in the other case, a counterclockwise direction ( Fig. 2 ).
  • two sets of nozzles namely nozzles 40 and nozzles 41 are provided in the region of the cyclone chamber 5, which are arranged, for example, at different heights (one above the other) in the wall of the cyclone chamber 5.
  • the nozzles 40 and 41 are aligned substantially tangentially to the inner wall of the cyclone chamber 5, so that during operation of the nozzles 40, a rotational movement of the cyclone in a clockwise direction (FIG. Fig. 4 ) or when applying the nozzles 41, a rotational movement of the cyclone counterclockwise ( Fig. 5 ).
  • the parameters of the combustion in the cyclone chamber 5 can be set so that optimum combustion is achieved. This also ensures that the raw dust content in the flue gas is reduced. Finally, there is also an advantage that a cleaning of the fire box can be achieved.
  • a device which has a burner chamber 1, in which a feed grate firing is performed as a primary combustion on a feed grate 3. Above the burner chamber 1, a cyclone chamber 5 is arranged, in which a cyclone combustion is performed.
  • the cyclone chamber 5 is a chamber with a substantially vertical axis 7, which is connected to an opening at the upper end 9 of the burner chamber 1.
  • cyclone chamber 5 In the cyclone chamber 5 is achieved by tangentially through nozzle rods 30, 31 or nozzles 40, 41 air supplied a rotational movement of the flue gases and solids contained therein, whereby the solids are pressed to the outside and optionally, if they do not burn in the cyclone combustion, back into the burner chamber 1 fall. Purified flue gases are withdrawn from the top and / or sides of the cyclone chamber 5.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP09450013.9A 2008-01-31 2009-01-26 Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides Withdrawn EP2085693A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0006408U AT10349U3 (de) 2008-01-31 2008-01-31 Vorrichtung zum verbrennen fester brennstoffe
AT17422008 2008-11-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2085693A2 true EP2085693A2 (fr) 2009-08-05
EP2085693A3 EP2085693A3 (fr) 2016-03-16

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EP09450013.9A Withdrawn EP2085693A3 (fr) 2008-01-31 2009-01-26 Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2426414A2 (fr) 2010-09-06 2012-03-07 Egon Ruß Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides
AT512337A3 (de) * 2011-12-22 2013-12-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Heizkessel
WO2021215988A1 (fr) * 2020-04-21 2021-10-28 Gartena Consulting & Installation Ab Installation d'incinération des déchets

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4473013A (en) * 1982-07-08 1984-09-25 Clear Air, Inc. Incinerator steam generation system
DE3915992A1 (de) * 1988-05-19 1989-11-23 Theodor Koch Verfahren zur reduktion von stickstoffoxiden
DE29507527U1 (de) * 1995-05-05 1995-07-13 Deutsche Babcock Anlagen Gmbh, 46049 Oberhausen Feuerung zum Verbrennen von Abfällen
DK0862019T3 (da) * 1997-02-28 2003-04-22 Martin Umwelt & Energietech Fremgangsmåde og indretning til termisk behandling af flyveaske fra ristforbrændingsanlæg
US5937772A (en) * 1997-07-30 1999-08-17 Institute Of Gas Technology Reburn process
US6948436B2 (en) * 2003-11-10 2005-09-27 Rem Engineereing, Inc. Method and apparatus for the gasification and combustion of animal waste, human waste, and/or biomass using a moving grate over a stationary perforated plate in a configured chamber

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2426414A2 (fr) 2010-09-06 2012-03-07 Egon Ruß Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides
EP2426414A3 (fr) * 2010-09-06 2016-03-16 Egon Ruß Procédé et dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides
AT512337A3 (de) * 2011-12-22 2013-12-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Heizkessel
AT512337B1 (de) * 2011-12-22 2014-08-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Heizkessel
WO2021215988A1 (fr) * 2020-04-21 2021-10-28 Gartena Consulting & Installation Ab Installation d'incinération des déchets

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2085693A3 (fr) 2016-03-16

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