EP2083407B1 - Device and method for contact-free energy and data transfer - Google Patents

Device and method for contact-free energy and data transfer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2083407B1
EP2083407B1 EP08001422A EP08001422A EP2083407B1 EP 2083407 B1 EP2083407 B1 EP 2083407B1 EP 08001422 A EP08001422 A EP 08001422A EP 08001422 A EP08001422 A EP 08001422A EP 2083407 B1 EP2083407 B1 EP 2083407B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
primary
energy
inductor
data
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EP08001422A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2083407A1 (en
Inventor
Roland Seefried
Dennis Trebbels
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Pepperl and Fuchs SE
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Pepperl and Fuchs SE
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Priority to EP08001422A priority Critical patent/EP2083407B1/en
Priority to US12/359,495 priority patent/US8198755B2/en
Publication of EP2083407A1 publication Critical patent/EP2083407A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H01F2038/143—Inductive couplings for signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/18—Rotary transformers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in a first aspect to a device for contactless energy and data transmission according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention in a second aspect, relates to a method for contactless energy and data transmission between the primary and secondary units.
  • Generic devices have a primary unit with a primary inductance and a secondary unit with a secondary inductance.
  • the secondary unit is set up for connecting, for supplying and / or for controlling at least one terminal.
  • the primary unit and the secondary unit are at least temporarily positioned relative to one another such that a transformer coupling path is formed between the primary inductance and the secondary inductance.
  • the primary unit for contactless transmission of energy to the secondary unit is set up via the transformer coupling path and the secondary unit is provided for supplying the terminals by means of the energy received via the transformer coupling path.
  • Such devices are used when sensors are to be supplied and controlled, which are located on movable, such as rotatable objects and therefore can not be supplied and queried by means of a cable connection. Examples of this are sensors on pressure rollers or on moving elements in a high-bay warehouse.
  • sensors are supplied, for example via a radio link with information.
  • similar inductive couplings are used.
  • the primary unit and the secondary unit can be considered as parts of the sensor, but also as a separate device, which is responsible for the contactless transmission of energy and data.
  • two separate channels are provided for the transmission of energy and the transmission of data.
  • Such devices are made, for example DE 100 12 981 A1 or DE 102 00 488 B4 known.
  • the data is modulated onto the energy transfer and subsequently evaluated in the sensor or the secondary unit.
  • the problem here is to send information from the sensor back to the power supply or the primary unit, so that they can forward the data to a process control.
  • a sensor with such a frequency modulation of the energy transfer is, for example, in DE 10 2004 015 771 B4 described. Similar energy and data transmissions are also in other non-contact systems such as access control from the DE 44 21 526 C1 and in transmission systems from the US 5 345 231 A known.
  • Generic devices use a transformer coupling between the primary inductance and the secondary inductor instead of a radio link between the primary unit and the secondary unit.
  • many devices are already being used, which communicate with each other by radio communicate, whereby the radio bands are largely occupied and there are problems with the signal quality in the multiple use of these bands.
  • radio transmissions are relatively susceptible to interference, as compared to a transformatory transmission, for example by other electromagnetic fields generated by electrical devices.
  • Under transformer coupling is particularly the direct coupling of two inductors, such as coils to understand. In this case, an air gap of a few centimeters or less is bridged between the two coils.
  • the two coils are aligned coaxially with each other.
  • the aim of positioning the coils relative to one another is to achieve a particularly high coupling factor between the primary inductance and the secondary inductance.
  • a coupling factor is close to or equal to 1. This can be achieved for example by the frontal positioning of the two coils to each other.
  • as many field lines as possible of the magnetic field of the primary coil should pass through the secondary coil.
  • the magnetic field can be additionally amplified or influenced by ferromagnetic cores in the coils.
  • the primary unit has means for interrupting the transmission of energy via the transformer coupling path in energy-saving pauses and the secondary unit has means for detecting the energy end pauses.
  • a device for transferring energy and data between two devices is off US 5 515 399 A , which discloses the preamble of claims 1 and 8, known.
  • For contactless transmission here is a transformer.
  • US 5 548 282 A describes a transfer of energy and data to an electronic screen to display prices on a shelf.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a non-contact power and data transmission apparatus which enables efficient power transmission while still allowing easy execution of the secondary unit. Furthermore, the data transmission should be robust against external interference signals.
  • the object is achieved by a method for contactless energy and data transmission according to claim 8.
  • the transmission of data from the secondary unit to the primary unit is performed in power transmission pauses.
  • the data transmission that is, for example, the pulse shape or the coding of the data
  • the corresponding electronics for sending the signals in the secondary unit can be easily designed. This is of particular interest because the secondary unit should only be supplied with energy via the transformer coupling path and thus should be designed to save energy.
  • the secondary unit detects the energy-saving pauses and transmits data to the primary unit as a result of the detection of an energy-saving pause.
  • the detection of the energy-saving pause ensures that data is not transmitted by mistake even when energy is sent via the transformer coupling link, which, in principle, can take place, for example, in a transmission sequence or transmission rights determined only by timing. Moreover, this does not require synchronization of two timers on the primary unit and the secondary unit.
  • the primary inductance is excited by a resonant circuit or forms itself a part of this resonant circuit. In this case, it is preferable if it forms a part of the resonant circuit itself, since in this way no further components have to be provided on the primary unit.
  • a resonant circuit e.g. a parallel or a serial resonant circuit can be used.
  • the secondary unit In addition to the means provided in the secondary unit for transmitting data to the primary unit means for transmitting information to the secondary unit are provided in the primary unit. This transmission can take place, for example, by varying the length of the energy-pauses and / or the length of energy transmission phases.
  • Bidirectional communication can take place over the same channel over which power is transmitted.
  • Data transmitted from the primary unit to the secondary unit may be, for example, instructions for switching operations for actuators connected to the secondary unit, initialization instructions, or configuration data for the secondary unit or devices connected to it, such as sensors or actuators.
  • Data sent from the secondary unit to the primary unit may relate to switching states or other state variables of the connected terminals.
  • the resonant circuit is no longer supplied with energy, so that it decays slowly.
  • the transmitted energy slowly decreases continuously.
  • energy is no longer transmitted as soon as energy interruption via the transformer coupling path, that is, as soon as possible can be started with the actual energy-saving break to accordingly quickly start again with the retransmission of energy.
  • This is achieved by the accelerated degradation of the residual energy in the primary inductance. This degradation can be achieved for example by a transistor path, which is in series with the primary inductance.
  • the additional use of a resistor, which absorbs energy also has an accelerating effect.
  • a voltage is monitored via the primary inductance. If this voltage rises above a previously determined threshold in an energy-saving pause, this is interpreted as a data signal and corresponding information forwarded to downstream processing.
  • a current through the primary inductance is measured.
  • This can be done for example by a transformer, which can be designed as a printed circuit transformer.
  • the measurement signal supplied by the transformer is proportional to the current in the primary inductance.
  • the load can be determined, which is represented by the secondary unit and the connected terminals. By determining the load, it is possible to regulate the resonant circuit current so that it does not become unduly high at low loads. In this case, the excitation of the resonant circuit can be interrupted, for example, until the current flow is again in a desired range.
  • the energy-saving pauses at the secondary unit can be arbitrarily determined.
  • the secondary unit has means for measuring a voltage across the secondary inductance. If this voltage drops, it is concluded that there is a start of an energy-saving break, whereby the transmission of the data from the secondary unit in the direction of the primary unit is initiated via the transformer coupling path.
  • the secondary unit Since the energy transfer is interrupted in energy-saving pauses, it is advantageous if the secondary unit has a storage capacity for buffering the energy. As a result, the supply of the secondary unit as well as the connected terminals can be ensured during an energy-saving break. In this context, it is preferred if more energy is transmitted via the transformer coupling path during the time in which energy is transmitted than is consumed at the time of energy transfer from the secondary unit and the connected terminals.
  • the energy storage can be realized by a capacitor, which is preceded by a rectifier.
  • sensors or actuators can be connected.
  • other consumers such as incandescent lamps
  • actuators are electrical valves.
  • the sensors can be any type of sensor for detecting a measured variable or for detecting objects or objects.
  • the present invention for sensors in the industrial sector, for example, inductive, capacitive or optical sensors, temperature or pressure sensors, are used, each having a corresponding sensor element.
  • a sensor element may in principle be any element which is suitable for detecting a physical quantity.
  • the sensor element may be a coil or a resonant circuit of an inductive proximity switch, a photodetector of an optical sensor, a capacitive probe, or a thermocouple.
  • An inventive method for contactless energy and data transmission can be performed with a primary unit and a secondary unit, each having an inductance.
  • the primary unit and the secondary unit are at least temporarily positioned so that between the primary inductance and the secondary inductance, a transformer coupling path is formed.
  • at least temporarily energy for supplying the secondary unit and connectable terminals via the transformer coupling path from the primary unit to the secondary unit is transmitted contactless.
  • the energy transfer from the primary unit to the secondary unit is at least temporarily interrupted. This interruption of energy transfer is referred to as an energy-saving break.
  • the secondary unit in turn detects such an energy-saving pause and, in the energy-saving pause, transmits data via the transformer coupling path to the primary unit.
  • no signals are transmitted from the secondary unit to the primary unit in the energy-saving pauses.
  • data is transferred from the primary unit to the secondary unit.
  • the data can be mapped, for example, by varying the length of the energy-saving pause.
  • Another possibility is to use different data Expressing intervals of multiple energy silence intervals to each other or to use both types of data encoding.
  • both a transmission of signals in the energy-saving pauses from the secondary unit to the primary unit takes place, as well as a transmission of data from the primary unit to the secondary unit.
  • a single bidirectional channel is used for both the data and the energy transfer.
  • Data transmitted from the primary unit to the secondary unit may be, for example, instructions for switching actuators connected to the secondary unit, initialization instructions or configuration data for the secondary unit or for connected devices such as sensors or actuators.
  • Data sent from the secondary unit to the primary unit may be, for example, switching states or other state variables of the connected terminals.
  • An inventive method can be carried out for power and data transmission between a fixed primary unit and a movable secondary unit. This may be the case, for example, with pressure rollers in which the secondary unit is positioned in or near the axis.
  • Another example is a high-bay warehouse in which the goods in the warehouse are automatically moved out of the shelves and into the shelves by means of loading and unloading equipment.
  • the secondary unit can then be provided, for example, on a loading and unloading device and the primary unit fixed to a previously defined point to which the loading and unloading returns to the idle state.
  • the primary inductance for energy transfer is excited with an alternating current.
  • the primary inductance itself can represent a part of a resonant or resonant circuit or be excited by it.
  • the control of the resonant circuit is preferably by means of a current intensity measurement, a control and a transistor bridge regulated.
  • the current intensity measurement can be carried out, for example, via a transformer whose measuring signal is proportional to the current intensity.
  • the measuring signals from the transformer are amplified with a phase correction and passed on to the drive.
  • the control controls the transistor bridge or its driver circuit such that the transistor bridge always switches in the vicinity of the zero crossing of the resonant circuit current and thus the resonant circuit is additionally excited. As a result, switching losses are avoided, and it is, so to speak, a square wave voltage on the resonant circuit. In the control, a review of the current resonant circuit current can be made to suspend the excitation at possibly too high currents.
  • the residual energy is dissipated accelerated in the primary inductance. This can be done for example via the control, which then phase-inverted supplies the primary inductance or the resonant circuit with power, so that the vibration is damped. Alternatively, this can also be done by a series transistor path, e.g. made of FETs and / or resistors.
  • the secondary inductance is tuned to the primary inductance or its oscillation frequency.
  • this requires appropriate tuning between the two inductors.
  • drifts of the natural frequencies e.g. due to aging or temperature changes. Therefore, it is preferred that when using the transformer coupling path according to the invention, the secondary inductance is operated uncoordinated. This means that no effort is made to match them to the resonant frequency of the primary inductor or resonant circuit in the primary unit.
  • One way to detect the energy end pauses by the secondary unit is to monitor the voltage across the secondary inductance. If this voltage drops, then the beginning of an energy-saving break is concluded.
  • the data transmission from the secondary unit to the primary unit in an energy-saving break can basically be arbitrary. But it is especially easy when the secondary inductance is supplied with current for transmitting the data, and then this current flow through the secondary inductance is aborted, in particular abruptly. As a result, a pulse is triggered, which is transmitted to the primary inductance via the transformer coupling path and can be detected in the primary unit as a voltage pulse.
  • the data that is transmitted from the secondary unit to the primary unit can be, for example, information about measuring signals of the wound sensors. It is also possible to transmit information about the current switching states of connected actuators. In doing so, it has proven to be advantageous if these data are subjected to a source or channel coding before or during the transmission, in order to reduce the susceptibility to transmission errors. Similarly, the provision of a checksum is possible to detect transmission errors.
  • Fig. 1 the current over the time in the primary inductance 4 of the primary unit 2 is shown.
  • the primary inductance 4 or the resonant circuit is excited by the control of the primary unit 2 with current, so that it is set in oscillation. That is, from the time t 0 and before it to the time t 1 41 energy is transmitted to the secondary inductance 3 in a first energy transfer interval. The residual ripple of the current is due to the regulation in the primary inductance 4.
  • the excitation of the resonant circuit or the primary inductance 4 is terminated.
  • the energy accelerated from the primary inductance 4 or the resonant circuit degraded. This period is also referred to as cooldown 42.
  • the energy-end pauses 43 are inserted at periodic intervals.
  • the beginning of the energy-saving break 43 which extends from the time t 2 to t 4 , is detected by the secondary unit 3. Subsequently, the secondary unit 3 sends a pulse 50 by means of its secondary inductance 5 via the transformer coupling path to the primary inductance 4 and thus the primary unit 2.
  • the excitation of the oscillation in the primary inductance 4 is resumed by the primary unit 2 and reaches the optimum operating value again at the instant t 5 .
  • the interval between t 4 and t 5 is also referred to as turn-on delay 44.
  • the length of the energy break 43 can be used for data transmission or coding.
  • Another or additional possibility is to use the length of a power transmission interval 41, 45 for transmitting this data.
  • an energy transfer interval 41, 45 may be 4 ms and the decay time 20-30 ⁇ s. In order not to interrupt the energy transfer too long, then takes an energy-saving break 34, for example, about 100-150 microseconds.
  • Fig. 2 describes the basic functionality and operation of a device 1 according to the invention.
  • the device 1 according to the invention is divided into a primary unit 2 and a secondary unit 3. These can also be regarded as primary and secondary sides of the device 1.
  • the central elements for carrying out the method according to the invention are the primary inductance 4, which is formed by a first coil and the secondary inductance 5, which is formed by a second coil.
  • the two coils 4 and 5 are preferably coaxially positioned.
  • the distance 15 between the two coils 4, 5 is of the order of 2.5 mm and should not exceed 5 mm. This distance between the two coils 4, 5 is referred to as a transformer coupling path.
  • the following describes the control and operation of the coil 4 for transmitting the power to the secondary unit 3.
  • the primary unit 2 is powered by an energy source 6 with energy. This is connected both to the general supply for the devices of the primary unit 2 as well as to a transistor bridge 9.
  • This transistor bridge 9 is preferably constructed of FETs.
  • a parallel resonant circuit is formed by the coil 4 and a capacitor 34 connected in parallel thereto.
  • another resonant circuit for example a serial resonant circuit, for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • a current and voltage sensor 16 measures the current flowing through the coil 4 and forwards a measurement signal to the control device 10. This signal can be amplified with a phase correction.
  • the current measurement in the current and voltage sensor 16 may be performed by a transformer whose measurement signal is proportional to the current.
  • the control device 10 which can also be referred to as control logic for the bridge driver 8, switches the transistor bridge 9 via its driver 8 in such a way that the resonant circuit is set in oscillation. This is done, for example, by switching at the time of zero passage of the resonant circuit current. Furthermore, the current measured by the current and voltage sensor 16 is used to control the current in the coil 4 to ensure that the resonant circuit current is not inadmissible gets high. The control is carried out by the control device 10 such that when the current through the coil 4 is too high, the resonant circuit is no longer excited.
  • an energy-saving break 43 is initiated by the controller 10. To do this, it signals the driver 8 not to continue or support the oscillation. In addition, it activates a decay accelerator 14. This can be carried out for example by transistors and resistors and ensures that the residual energy, which is located in the coil 4, is degraded as quickly as possible.
  • the coil 5 receives a data pulse 50 in the coil 4, as previously described with reference to FIG Fig. 1 shown, excited.
  • the results of a continuous voltage monitoring of the coil 4 are forwarded to a pulse conditioning 13.
  • a pulse conditioning 13 is decoded based on the received voltage levels, which data and information was transmitted from the secondary unit 3.
  • These data are forwarded to a central evaluation unit 12 for further processing.
  • the evaluation unit 12 can be realized for example by a microprocessor or by a programmable logic, such as an FPGA.
  • the evaluation 12 prepares the results and outputs them via corresponding outputs 11, for example to a programmable logic controller, a relay or a data bus.
  • the evaluation 12 can also control the control device 10 with instructions.
  • an alternating voltage is excited via the inductive coupling path through the coil 4 in the coil 5.
  • the coil 5 is connected to a general supply device 18.
  • This has, for example, a capacitor for energy storage of the transmitted energy, which is charged via a rectifier.
  • the rectified voltage is highly dependent on distance and can be at very low distance or direct contact of the coils 4, 5 over 100 volts. Therefore, a switching regulator is provided for loss of power reduction.
  • the energy stored and processed in the general supply device 18 becomes via a switching power supply 19 the connected terminals, such as actuators or sensors, provided.
  • the switched-mode power supply 19 supplies a voltage of approximately 12 V to the terminals, which consume approximately 160-170 mA.
  • a pause detection 17 is located directly on the coil 5. This pause detection measures the voltage which is transmitted to the coil 5 and signals a central processing device 21 as soon as the voltage falls below a threshold value.
  • the central processing device 21 can be embodied, for example, in the form of a microcontroller or a programmable logic, such as an FPGA. If the central processing device 21 receives the information from the pause detection 17 that the voltage is currently below a threshold, it interprets this as an energy-saving pause 43.
  • the central processing device 21 transmits instructions corresponding to a pulse generator 22, specific pulse shapes via the coil 5 by means of the inductive Coupling path to the coil 4 of the primary unit 2 to transmit. The energy for transmit pulse generation also comes from the general power supply 18.
  • the central processing device 21 also receives information about inputs 23. These are connected to sensors or actuators. Similarly, the central processing device 21 via outputs, which are not shown, send instructions to actuators or sensors.
  • an undervoltage detection 20 is provided, which monitors the voltage at the switching power supply 19. If this voltage falls below a certain value, for example below 12 V, the data which the sensors supply via the inputs 23 are no longer reliable. This signals the undervoltage detection 20 to the central processing device 21 so that these unreliable data are not sent to the primary unit 2.
  • the voltage at the primary coil 4 during the energy transfer can be about 100-200 V and a data pulse has about 100-200 mV, for example.
  • Fig. 3 a possibility of positioning the primary coil 4 and the secondary coil 5 is shown.
  • the primary coil 4 far a U-shaped core 56.
  • the secondary coil 5 is located on a rotatably mounted about its central axis 57 pulley 58 at its outer peripheral portion.
  • the disk 58 may be, for example, a turntable of a bottling plant. Rotates now the disc 58, it is always at least a portion of the secondary coil 5 in transformer coupling with the primary coil 4.
  • the two coils 4, 5 preferred when most field lines of the primary coil 4 through at least portions of the secondary coil. 5 pass.
  • the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention thus offer a contactless, effective and trouble-free energy and data transmission via only one interface.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
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Description

Die vorliegend Erfindung betrifft gemäß einem ersten Aspekt eine Vorrichtung zur kontaktlosen Energie- und Datenübertragung nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates in a first aspect to a device for contactless energy and data transmission according to the preamble of claim 1.

In einem zweiten Gesichtspunkt bezieht sich die Erfindung auf ein Verfahren zur kontaktlosen Energie- und Datenübertragung zwischen der Primär- und Sekundäreinheit..In a second aspect, the invention relates to a method for contactless energy and data transmission between the primary and secondary units.

Gattungsgemäße Vorrichtungen weisen eine Primäreinheit mit einer Primärinduktivität und einer Sekundäreinheit mit einer Sekundärinduktivität auf. Die Sekundäreinheit ist zum Anschließen, zum Versorgen und/oder zum Steuern von mindestens einem Endgerät eingerichtet. Des Weiteren sind die Primäreinheit und die Sekundäreinheit zumindest zeitweilig relativ zueinander so positioniert, dass zwischen der Primärinduktivität und der Sekundärinduktivität eine transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke ausgebildet wird. Hierbei ist die Primäreinheit zur kontaktlosen Übertragung von Energie an die Sekundäreinheit über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke eingerichtet und die Sekundäreinheit zum Versorgen der Endgeräte mittels der über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke empfangenen Energie vorgesehen.Generic devices have a primary unit with a primary inductance and a secondary unit with a secondary inductance. The secondary unit is set up for connecting, for supplying and / or for controlling at least one terminal. Furthermore, the primary unit and the secondary unit are at least temporarily positioned relative to one another such that a transformer coupling path is formed between the primary inductance and the secondary inductance. In this case, the primary unit for contactless transmission of energy to the secondary unit is set up via the transformer coupling path and the secondary unit is provided for supplying the terminals by means of the energy received via the transformer coupling path.

Solche Vorrichtungen werden angewendet, wenn Sensoren versorgt und gesteuert werden sollen, die sich auf beweglichen, beispielsweise drehbaren Objekten befinden und daher nicht mittels eines Kabelanschlusses versorgt und abgefragt werden können. Beispiele sind hierfür Sensoren auf Druckwalzen oder auf beweglichen Elementen in einem Hochregallager.Such devices are used when sensors are to be supplied and controlled, which are located on movable, such as rotatable objects and therefore can not be supplied and queried by means of a cable connection. Examples of this are sensors on pressure rollers or on moving elements in a high-bay warehouse.

Herkömmlicherweise werden derartige Sensoren beispielsweise über eine Funkverbindung mit Informationen versorgt. Auch zum Übertragen der Energie werden ähnliche induktive Kopplungen verwendet. Hierbei können die Primäreinheit und die Sekundäreinheit als Teile des Sensors angesehen werden, aber auch als ein separates Gerät, welches für die kontaktlose Übertragung der Energie und Daten zuständig ist. Im einfachsten Fall sind für die Übertragung von Energie und die Übertragung von Daten zwei separate Kanäle vorgesehen. Derartige Vorrichtungen sind beispielsweise aus DE 100 12 981 A1 oder DE 102 00 488 B4 bekannt.Conventionally, such sensors are supplied, for example via a radio link with information. Also for the transmission of energy similar inductive couplings are used. Here, the primary unit and the secondary unit can be considered as parts of the sensor, but also as a separate device, which is responsible for the contactless transmission of energy and data. In the simplest In this case, two separate channels are provided for the transmission of energy and the transmission of data. Such devices are made, for example DE 100 12 981 A1 or DE 102 00 488 B4 known.

Aus anderen Ausführungen ist bekannt, lediglich eine Schnittstelle vorzusehen, welche sowohl zur Energie- wie auch zur Datenübertragung verwendet wird.From other embodiments, it is known to provide only one interface, which is used both for energy and for data transmission.

Hierbei werden beispielsweise die Daten auf die Energieübertragung aufmoduliert und anschließend im Sensor oder der Sekundäreinheit ausgewertet. Problematisch ist hierbei aber, Informationen vom Sensor zurück an die Energieversorgung oder die Primäreinheit zu senden, damit diese die Daten an eine Prozesssteuerung weiterleiten kann. Ein Sensor mit einer derartigen Frequenzmodulation der Energieübertragung wird beispielsweise in DE 10 2004 015 771 B4 beschrieben. Ähnliche Energie- und Datenübertragungen sind auch bei anderen berührungslosen Systemen wie beispielsweise bei Zugangskontrolle aus der DE 44 21 526 C1 und bei Transmissionssystemen aus der US 5 345 231 A bekannt.In this case, for example, the data is modulated onto the energy transfer and subsequently evaluated in the sensor or the secondary unit. The problem here is to send information from the sensor back to the power supply or the primary unit, so that they can forward the data to a process control. A sensor with such a frequency modulation of the energy transfer is, for example, in DE 10 2004 015 771 B4 described. Similar energy and data transmissions are also in other non-contact systems such as access control from the DE 44 21 526 C1 and in transmission systems from the US 5 345 231 A known.

Um auch Informationen vom Sensor zurück an die Energieversorgung zu senden, ist beispielsweise in der DE 41 30 903 A1 eine Vorrichtung mit Lastmodulation beschrieben. Hierbei wird die Last in dem Sensor verändert. Dies wird von der Energieversorgung erkannt. Durch das Variieren der Last können Informationen von dem Sensor an die Primäreinheit zurück übertragen werden. Nachteilig an derartigen Vorrichtungen ist aber, dass mehr Energie an die Sekundäreinheit übertragen werden muss, als dort wirklich benötigt wird, um eine Lastmodulation auszuführen. Des Weiteren ist es oft notwendig eine Kühlung vorzusehen, um Wärme abzuführen, welche durch das zusätzliche Verbrauchen von Energie erzeugt wird.To send information from the sensor back to the power supply, for example, in the DE 41 30 903 A1 a device with load modulation described. In this case, the load in the sensor is changed. This is detected by the power supply. By varying the load, information can be transferred back from the sensor to the primary unit. However, a disadvantage of such devices is that more energy has to be transmitted to the secondary unit than is really needed there to carry out a load modulation. Furthermore, it is often necessary to provide cooling to dissipate heat generated by the additional consumption of energy.

Gattungsgemäße Vorrichtungen verwenden eine transformatorische Kopplung zwischen der Primärinduktivität und der Sekundärinduktivität anstelle einer Funkverbindung zwischen der Primäreinheit und der Sekundäreinheit. In großen Fertigungshallen oder Fertigungsstraßen werden bereits viele Geräte eingesetzt, die mittels Funk miteinander kommunizieren, wodurch die Funkbänder größtenteils belegt sind und es bei der Mehrfachverwendung dieser Bänder zu Problemen bezüglich der Signalqualität kommt. Des Weiteren sind Funkübertragungen im Vergleich zu einer transformatorischen Übertragung relativ störanfällig, beispielsweise durch andere elektromagnetische Felder, die durch elektrische Einrichtungen erzeugt werden. Unter transformatorischer Kopplung ist insbesondere die direkte Kopplung zweier Induktivitäten, beispielsweise Spulen, zu verstehen. Hierbei wird eine Luftstrecke von wenigen Zentimetern oder weniger zwischen den beiden Spulen überbrückt. Bevorzugt sind die beiden Spulen zueinander koaxial ausgerichtet. Ziel bei der Positionierung der Spulen zueinander ist es, einen besonders hohen Kopplungsfaktor zwischen der Primärinduktivität und der Sekundärinduktivität zu erreichen. Ideal ist hierbei ein Kopplungsfaktor nahe oder gleich 1. Dies kann beispielsweise durch das stirnseitige Positionieren der beiden Spulen zueinander erreicht werden. Um eine gute Kopplung zu ermöglichen, sollten möglichst viele Feldlinien des magnetischen Feldes der Primärspule durch die Sekundärspule verlaufen. Das magnetische Feld kann zusätzlich durch ferromagnetische Kerne in den Spulen verstärkt oder beeinflusst werden.Generic devices use a transformer coupling between the primary inductance and the secondary inductor instead of a radio link between the primary unit and the secondary unit. In large production halls or production lines, many devices are already being used, which communicate with each other by radio communicate, whereby the radio bands are largely occupied and there are problems with the signal quality in the multiple use of these bands. Furthermore, radio transmissions are relatively susceptible to interference, as compared to a transformatory transmission, for example by other electromagnetic fields generated by electrical devices. Under transformer coupling is particularly the direct coupling of two inductors, such as coils to understand. In this case, an air gap of a few centimeters or less is bridged between the two coils. Preferably, the two coils are aligned coaxially with each other. The aim of positioning the coils relative to one another is to achieve a particularly high coupling factor between the primary inductance and the secondary inductance. Ideally, a coupling factor is close to or equal to 1. This can be achieved for example by the frontal positioning of the two coils to each other. In order to enable a good coupling, as many field lines as possible of the magnetic field of the primary coil should pass through the secondary coil. The magnetic field can be additionally amplified or influenced by ferromagnetic cores in the coils.

In gattungsgemäßen Vorrichtungen weist die Primäreinheit Mittel zum Unterbrechen der Energieübertragung über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke in Energiesendepausen auf und die Sekundäreinheit besitzt Mittel zum Detektieren der Energiesendepausen.In generic devices, the primary unit has means for interrupting the transmission of energy via the transformer coupling path in energy-saving pauses and the secondary unit has means for detecting the energy end pauses.

Eine Vorrichtung zum Transfer von Energie und Daten zwischen zwei Einrichtungen ist aus US 5 515 399 A , die den Oberbegriff der Ansprüche 1 und 8 offenbart, bekannt. Zur kontaktlosen Übertragung dient hierbei ein Transformator.A device for transferring energy and data between two devices is off US 5 515 399 A , which discloses the preamble of claims 1 and 8, known. For contactless transmission here is a transformer.

Aus WO 2007/034421 A2 ist ein RFID-System bekannt, durch welches aber Daten nur in eine Richtung transferiert werden können.Out WO 2007/034421 A2 An RFID system is known by which, however, data can only be transferred in one direction.

US 5 548 282 A beschreibt eine Übertragung von Energie und Daten an einen elektronischen Bildschirm, um Preise an einem Regal anzuzeigen. US 5 548 282 A describes a transfer of energy and data to an electronic screen to display prices on a shelf.

Eine Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zur kontaktlosen Energie- und Datenübertragung zu schaffen, welche eine effiziente Energieübertragung ermöglicht, und dennoch eine einfache Ausführung der Sekundäreinheit gestattet. Weiterhin soll die Datenübertragung robust gegenüber äußeren Störsignalen sein.An object of the invention is to provide a non-contact power and data transmission apparatus which enables efficient power transmission while still allowing easy execution of the secondary unit. Furthermore, the data transmission should be robust against external interference signals.

Außerdem soll ein Verfahren bereitgestellt werden, mit dem Energie und Daten kontaktlos übertragen werden können.In addition, a method is to be provided, with which energy and data can be transmitted without contact.

Diese Aufgabe wird in einem ersten Gesichtspunkt der Erfindung durch eine Vorrichtung zur kontaktlosen Energie- und Datenübertragung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in a first aspect of the invention by a device for contactless energy and data transmission with the features of claim 1.

In einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren zur kontaktlosen Energie- und Datenübertragung gemäß dem Anspruch 8 gelöst.In a further aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by a method for contactless energy and data transmission according to claim 8.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen, der Beschreibung sowie den Figuren und deren Erläuterungen angegeben.Further advantageous embodiments are specified in the dependent claims, the description and the figures and their explanations.

Als ein erster Aspekt der Erfindung kann betrachtet werden, dass die Übertragung von Daten von der Sekundäreinheit an die Primäreinheit in Energieübertragungspausen durchgeführt wird. Durch dieses Vorgehen werden zu dem Zeitpunkt, an dem die Daten von der Sekundäreinheit an die Primäreinheit übertragen werden, keine anderen Informationen oder Energie über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke gesendet. Hierdurch kann die Datenübertragung, das heißt beispielsweise die Impulsform oder die Kodierung der Daten, einfacher ausgelegt werden, da keine weiteren störenden Signale zum selben Zeitpunkt übertragen werden. Daraus folgt auch, dass die entsprechende Elektronik zum Versenden der Signale in der Sekundäreinheit einfach ausgelegt werden kann. Dies ist vor allem daher von Interesse, da die Sekundäreinheit lediglich über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke mit Energie versorgt werden und somit Energie sparend ausgelegt sein sollte.As a first aspect of the invention, it can be considered that the transmission of data from the secondary unit to the primary unit is performed in power transmission pauses. By doing so, at the time the data is transferred from the secondary unit to the primary unit, no other information or energy is sent via the transformer link. As a result, the data transmission, that is, for example, the pulse shape or the coding of the data, are designed to be simpler, since no other interfering signals are transmitted at the same time. It also follows that the corresponding electronics for sending the signals in the secondary unit can be easily designed. This is of particular interest because the secondary unit should only be supplied with energy via the transformer coupling path and thus should be designed to save energy.

Ein weiterer Grundgedanke ist dadurch realisiert, dass die Sekundäreinheit die Energiesendepausen detektiert und als Folge der Detektion einer Energiesendepause erst Daten an die Primäreinheit überträgt. Dies bedeutet, dass lediglich dann Daten an die Primäreinheit übertragen werden, wenn von dieser keine Energie an die Sekundäreinheit gesendet wird, also keine weiteren Signale auf der transformatorischen Kopplungsstrecke übertragen werden. Durch die Detektion der Energiesendepause wird erreicht, dass nicht irrtümlicherweise Daten dennoch übertragen werden, wenn Energie über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke gesendet wird, was prinzipiell beispielweise bei einer lediglich durch Timing bestimmten Sendereihenfolge oder Senderechten erfolgen kann. Außerdem ist hierdurch keine Synchronisation zweier Zeitgeber auf der Primäreinheit und der Sekundäreinheit notwendig.Another basic idea is realized in that the secondary unit detects the energy-saving pauses and transmits data to the primary unit as a result of the detection of an energy-saving pause. This means that data will only be transmitted to the primary unit if no energy is sent to it from the secondary unit, ie no further signals are transmitted on the transformer coupling path. The detection of the energy-saving pause ensures that data is not transmitted by mistake even when energy is sent via the transformer coupling link, which, in principle, can take place, for example, in a transmission sequence or transmission rights determined only by timing. Moreover, this does not require synchronization of two timers on the primary unit and the secondary unit.

Zur Übertragung der Energie von der Primäreinheit über die Primärinduktivität an die Sekundärinduktivität über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke wird die Primärinduktivität durch einen Schwingkreis angeregt oder bildet selbst einen Teil dieses Schwingkreises. Bevorzugt ist hierbei, wenn sie selbst einen Teil des Schwingkreises bildet, da hierdurch keine weiteren Bauelemente auf der Primäreinheit vorgesehen werden müssen. Als Schwingkreis kann z.B. ein paralleler oder ein serieller Schwingkreis verwendet werden.To transmit the energy from the primary unit via the primary inductance to the secondary inductance via the transformer coupling path, the primary inductance is excited by a resonant circuit or forms itself a part of this resonant circuit. In this case, it is preferable if it forms a part of the resonant circuit itself, since in this way no further components have to be provided on the primary unit. As a resonant circuit, e.g. a parallel or a serial resonant circuit can be used.

Ergänzend zu den in der Sekundäreinheit vorgesehenen Mitteln zum Übertragen von Daten an die Primäreinheit sind in der Primäreinheit Mittel zum Übertragen von Informationen an die Sekundäreinheit vorgesehen. Diese Übertragung kann beispielsweise mittels Variation der Länge der Energiesendepausen und/oder der Länge von Energieübertragungsphasen erfolgen.In addition to the means provided in the secondary unit for transmitting data to the primary unit means for transmitting information to the secondary unit are provided in the primary unit. This transmission can take place, for example, by varying the length of the energy-pauses and / or the length of energy transmission phases.

Die bidirektionale Kommunikation kann über denselben Kanal, über den Energie übertragen wird, stattfinden. Daten, die von der Primäreinheit an die Sekundäreinheit übertragen werden, können beispielsweise Anweisungen zu Schaltvorgängen für an die Sekundäreinheit angeschlossene Aktoren, Initialisierungsanweisungen oder Konfigurationsdaten für die Sekundäreinheit oder an sie angeschlossene Geräte wie Sensoren oder Aktoren sein. Von der Sekundäreinheit an die Primäreinheit gesendete Daten können sich auf Schaltzustände oder andere Zustandsvariablen der angeschlossenen Endgeräte beziehen.Bidirectional communication can take place over the same channel over which power is transmitted. Data transmitted from the primary unit to the secondary unit may be, for example, instructions for switching operations for actuators connected to the secondary unit, initialization instructions, or configuration data for the secondary unit or devices connected to it, such as sensors or actuators. Data sent from the secondary unit to the primary unit may relate to switching states or other state variables of the connected terminals.

Grundsätzlich ist es aber ebenso möglich in den Energiesendepausen Daten von der Primäreinheit an die Sekundäreinheit zu übertragen. Hierzu kann eine entsprechende Senderegelung vorhanden sein, damit die Daten von der Primäreinheit nicht mit den Daten der Sekundäreinheit überlagert werden oder umgekehrt.In principle, however, it is also possible to transmit data from the primary unit to the secondary unit in the energy-saving pauses. For this purpose, a corresponding transmission control can be present, so that the data from the primary unit is not superimposed with the data of the secondary unit or vice versa.

Zum Einleiten der Energiesendepause ist es grundsätzlich ausreichend, wenn der Schwingkreis nicht mehr mit Energie versorgt wird, so dass er langsam abklingt. Um dieses Abklingen zu beschleunigen, hat es sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, entsprechende Einrichtungen vorzusehen. Normalerweise nimmt während des Abklingens die übertragene Energie langsam kontinuierlich ab. Um im Durchschnitt möglichst viel Energie über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke übertragen zu können, ist es daher bevorzugt, wenn beim Einleiten einer Energiesendepause möglichst schnell keine Energie mehr über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke übertragen wird, das heißt möglichst schnell mit der eigentlichen Energiesendepause begonnen werden kann, um entsprechend schnell wieder mit der erneuten Übertragung von Energie zu beginnen. Dies wird durch den beschleunigten Abbau der Restenergie in der Primärinduktivität erreicht. Dieser Abbau kann beispielsweise durch eine Transistorstrecke, welche in Serie zur Primärinduktivität liegt, erreicht werden. Beschleunigend wirkt auch die zusätzliche Verwendung eines Widerstandes, der die Energie aufnimmt.To initiate the energy-saving break, it is basically sufficient if the resonant circuit is no longer supplied with energy, so that it decays slowly. To speed up this decay, it has proven to be advantageous to provide appropriate facilities. Normally, during the decay, the transmitted energy slowly decreases continuously. In order to transmit as much energy as possible on average over the transformer coupling path, it is therefore preferable if energy is no longer transmitted as soon as energy interruption via the transformer coupling path, that is, as soon as possible can be started with the actual energy-saving break to accordingly quickly start again with the retransmission of energy. This is achieved by the accelerated degradation of the residual energy in the primary inductance. This degradation can be achieved for example by a transistor path, which is in series with the primary inductance. The additional use of a resistor, which absorbs energy, also has an accelerating effect.

Zum Erkennen der übertragenen Daten in der Primäreinheit ist es vorteilhaft, wenn eine Spannung über die Primärinduktivität überwacht wird. Steigt diese Spannung in einer Energiesendepause über einen zuvor bestimmten Schwellwert an, so wird dies als ein Datensignal interpretiert und entsprechende Informationen an eine nachgeschaltete Verarbeitung weitergeleitet.For detecting the transmitted data in the primary unit, it is advantageous if a voltage is monitored via the primary inductance. If this voltage rises above a previously determined threshold in an energy-saving pause, this is interpreted as a data signal and corresponding information forwarded to downstream processing.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird ein Strom durch die Primärinduktivität gemessen. Dies kann beispielsweise durch einen Transformator, welcher als Leiterplattentransformator ausgeführt sein kann, erfolgen. Das Messsignal, welches vom Transformator geliefert wird, ist proportional zur Stromstärke in der Primärinduktivität. Mittels des Stromflusses durch die Primärinduktivität kann beispielsweise die Last bestimmt werden, welche durch die Sekundäreinheit und die angeschlossenen Endgeräte dargestellt wird. Durch eine Ermittlung der Last ist ein Regeln des Schwingkreisstromes möglich, damit er bei geringen Lasten nicht unzulässig hoch wird. In diesem Fall kann die Anregung des Schwingkreises beispielsweise unterbrochen werden, bis der Stromfluss wieder in einem gewünschten Bereich ist.In a preferred embodiment, a current through the primary inductance is measured. This can be done for example by a transformer, which can be designed as a printed circuit transformer. The measurement signal supplied by the transformer is proportional to the current in the primary inductance. By means of the current flow through the primary inductance, for example, the load can be determined, which is represented by the secondary unit and the connected terminals. By determining the load, it is possible to regulate the resonant circuit current so that it does not become unduly high at low loads. In this case, the excitation of the resonant circuit can be interrupted, for example, until the current flow is again in a desired range.

Grundsätzlich können die Energiesendepausen an der Sekundäreinheit beliebig ermittelt werden. Vorteilhaft ist jedoch, wenn die Sekundäreinheit Mittel zum Messen einer Spannung über die Sekundärinduktivität aufweist. Fällt diese Spannung ab, so wird auf einen Beginn einer Energiesendepause geschlossen, wodurch das Aussenden der Daten von der Sekundäreinheit in Richtung der Primäreinheit über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke eingeleitet wird.In principle, the energy-saving pauses at the secondary unit can be arbitrarily determined. However, it is advantageous if the secondary unit has means for measuring a voltage across the secondary inductance. If this voltage drops, it is concluded that there is a start of an energy-saving break, whereby the transmission of the data from the secondary unit in the direction of the primary unit is initiated via the transformer coupling path.

Da die Energieübertragung in Energiesendepausen unterbrochen ist, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Sekundäreinheit eine Speicherkapazität zum Puffern der Energie aufweist. Hierdurch kann die Versorgung der Sekundäreinheit wie auch der angeschlossenen Endgeräte während einer Energiesendepause sichergestellt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es bevorzugt, wenn über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke während der Zeit, in der Energie übertragen wird, mehr Energie übertragen wird als zum Zeitpunkt der Energieübertragung von der Sekundäreinheit und den angeschlossenen Endgeräten verbraucht wird. Die Energiespeicherung kann durch einen Kondensator realisiert werden, dem ein Gleichrichter vorgeschaltet ist.Since the energy transfer is interrupted in energy-saving pauses, it is advantageous if the secondary unit has a storage capacity for buffering the energy. As a result, the supply of the secondary unit as well as the connected terminals can be ensured during an energy-saving break. In this context, it is preferred if more energy is transmitted via the transformer coupling path during the time in which energy is transmitted than is consumed at the time of energy transfer from the secondary unit and the connected terminals. The energy storage can be realized by a capacitor, which is preceded by a rectifier.

Als Endgeräte können beispielsweise Sensoren oder Aktoren angeschlossen werden. Ebenso ist der Anschluss von anderen Verbrauchern, wie Glühlampen, möglich. Beispiele für Aktoren sind elektrische Ventile.As terminals, for example, sensors or actuators can be connected. Likewise, the connection of other consumers, such as incandescent lamps, possible. Examples of actuators are electrical valves.

Bei den Sensoren kann es sich grundsätzlich um jede Art von Sensoren zum Nachweis einer Messgröße oder zum Nachweis von Gegenständen oder Objekten handeln. Besonders vorteilhaft kann die vorliegende Erfindung für Sensoren im industriellen Bereich, beispielsweise induktive, kapazitive oder optische Sensoren, Temperatur- oder Drucksensoren, eingesetzt werden, welche jeweils ein entsprechendes Sensorelement aufweisen.In principle, the sensors can be any type of sensor for detecting a measured variable or for detecting objects or objects. Particularly advantageously, the present invention for sensors in the industrial sector, for example, inductive, capacitive or optical sensors, temperature or pressure sensors, are used, each having a corresponding sensor element.

Ein Sensorelement kann grundsätzlich jedes Element sein, welches zum Nachweis einer physikalischen Größe geeignet ist. Beispielsweise kann das Sensorelement eine Spule oder ein Schwingkreis eines induktiven Näherungsschalters, ein Fotodetektor eines optischen Sensors, eine kapazitive Sonde, oder ein Thermoelement sein.A sensor element may in principle be any element which is suitable for detecting a physical quantity. For example, the sensor element may be a coil or a resonant circuit of an inductive proximity switch, a photodetector of an optical sensor, a capacitive probe, or a thermocouple.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren zur kontaktlosen Energie- und Datenübertragung kann mit einer Primäreinheit und einer Sekundäreinheit ausgeführt werden, welche jeweils eine Induktivität aufweisen. Hierbei werden die Primäreinheit und die Sekundäreinheit wenigstens zeitweilig so positioniert, dass zwischen der Primärinduktivität und der Sekundärinduktivität eine transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke gebildet wird. Des Weiteren wird zumindest zeitweilig Energie zum Versorgen der Sekundäreinheit und von daran anschließbaren Endgeräten über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke von der Primäreinheit an die Sekundäreinheit kontaktlos übertragen. Hierbei ist vorgesehen, dass die Energieübertragung von der Primäreinheit auf die Sekundäreinheit wenigstens zeitweilig unterbrochen wird. Diese Unterbrechung der Energieübertragung wird als Energiesendepause bezeichnet. Die Sekundäreinheit wiederum detektiert eine derartige Energiesendepause und sendet in der Energiesendepause Daten über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke an die Primäreinheit.An inventive method for contactless energy and data transmission can be performed with a primary unit and a secondary unit, each having an inductance. Here, the primary unit and the secondary unit are at least temporarily positioned so that between the primary inductance and the secondary inductance, a transformer coupling path is formed. Furthermore, at least temporarily energy for supplying the secondary unit and connectable terminals via the transformer coupling path from the primary unit to the secondary unit is transmitted contactless. It is provided that the energy transfer from the primary unit to the secondary unit is at least temporarily interrupted. This interruption of energy transfer is referred to as an energy-saving break. The secondary unit in turn detects such an energy-saving pause and, in the energy-saving pause, transmits data via the transformer coupling path to the primary unit.

In einer abgewandelten Version des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden in den Energiesendepausen keine Signale von der Sekundäreinheit an die Primäreinheit übertragen. Es werden jedoch Daten von der Primäreinheit an die Sekundäreinheit übertragen. Hierbei können die Daten beispielsweise durch ein Variieren der Länge der Energiesendepause abgebildet werden. Eine andere Möglichkeit ist es, die Daten durch unterschiedliche Abstände mehrerer Energiesendepausen zueinander auszudrücken oder beide Arten der Datencodierung zu verwenden.In a modified version of the method according to the invention, no signals are transmitted from the secondary unit to the primary unit in the energy-saving pauses. However, data is transferred from the primary unit to the secondary unit. In this case, the data can be mapped, for example, by varying the length of the energy-saving pause. Another possibility is to use different data Expressing intervals of multiple energy silence intervals to each other or to use both types of data encoding.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der beiden erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren findet sowohl eine Übertragung von Signalen in den Energiesendepausen von der Sekundäreinheit an die Primäreinheit statt, wie auch eine Übertragung von Daten von der Primäreinheit an die Sekundäreinheit. Bei dieser Variante wird also ein einziger bidirektionaler Kanal sowohl für die Daten- als auch für die Energieübertragung verwendet.In a preferred embodiment of the two methods according to the invention, both a transmission of signals in the energy-saving pauses from the secondary unit to the primary unit takes place, as well as a transmission of data from the primary unit to the secondary unit. In this variant, therefore, a single bidirectional channel is used for both the data and the energy transfer.

Daten, die von der Primäreinheit an die Sekundäreinheit übertragen werden, können beispielsweise Anweisungen zum Schalten an an die Sekundäreinheit angeschlossenen Aktoren, Initialisierungsanweisungen oder Konfigurationsdaten für die Sekundäreinheit oder für angeschlossene Geräte wie Sensoren oder Aktoren sein. Daten, die von der Sekundäreinheit an die Primäreinheit gesendet werden, können beispielsweise Schaltzustände oder andere Zustandsvariablen der angeschlossenen Endgeräte sein.Data transmitted from the primary unit to the secondary unit may be, for example, instructions for switching actuators connected to the secondary unit, initialization instructions or configuration data for the secondary unit or for connected devices such as sensors or actuators. Data sent from the secondary unit to the primary unit may be, for example, switching states or other state variables of the connected terminals.

Es ist aber ebenso möglich, in den Energiesendepausen Daten von der Primäreinheit an die Sekundäreinheit zu senden. Hierzu kann allerdings eine entsprechende Regelung vorhanden sein, damit sich die Daten von der Primäreinheit nicht mit den Daten von der Sekundäreinheit überlagern.However, it is also possible to send data from the primary unit to the secondary unit in the energy-saving pauses. For this, however, a corresponding regulation may be present so that the data from the primary unit does not overlap with the data from the secondary unit.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren kann zur Energie- und Datenübertragung zwischen einer feststehenden Primäreinheit und einer beweglichen Sekundäreinheit erfolgen. Dies kann beispielsweise bei Druckwalzen der Fall sein, bei der die Sekundäreinheit in oder in der Nähe der Achse positioniert wird. Ein anderes Beispiel ist ein Hochregallager, in dem die Waren des Lagers automatisch durch Be- und Entladereinrichtungen aus den Regalen und in die Regale gelegt werden. Die Sekundäreinheit kann dann beispielsweise an einer Be- und Entladeeinrichtung vorgesehen sein und die Primäreinheit fest an einer zuvor definierten Stelle, an welche die Be- und Entladeeinrichtung in den Ruhezustand zurückkehrt.An inventive method can be carried out for power and data transmission between a fixed primary unit and a movable secondary unit. This may be the case, for example, with pressure rollers in which the secondary unit is positioned in or near the axis. Another example is a high-bay warehouse in which the goods in the warehouse are automatically moved out of the shelves and into the shelves by means of loading and unloading equipment. The secondary unit can then be provided, for example, on a loading and unloading device and the primary unit fixed to a previously defined point to which the loading and unloading returns to the idle state.

Um Energie von der Primäreinheit auf die Sekundäreinheit zu übertragen, ist es bevorzugt, wenn die Primärinduktivität zur Energieübertragung mit einem Wechselstrom angeregt wird. Hierbei kann die Primärinduktivität selbst einen Teil eines Schwing- oder Resonanzkreises darstellen oder durch diesen angeregt werden. Die Steuerung des Schwingkreises ist bevorzugt mittels einer Stromstärkenmessung, einer Ansteuerung und einer Transistorbrücke geregelt. Die Stromstärkenmessung kann beispielsweise über einen Transformator erfolgen, dessen Messsignal proportional zur Stromstärke ist. Um die Schwingungen in der Spule aufrecht zu erhalten, wird das Messsignale aus dem Transformator mit einer Phasenkorrektur verstärkt und an die Ansteuerung weitergegeben. Die Ansteuerung steuert die Transistorbrücke beziehungsweise deren Treiberschaltung derart, dass die Transistorbrücke immer im Nahbereich des Nullgangs des Schwingkreisstromes schaltet und somit der Schwingkreis zusätzlich angeregt wird. Hierdurch werden Umschaltverluste vermieden, und es liegt sozusagen eine Rechteckspannung am Schwingkreis an. In der Ansteuerung kann auch eine Überprüfung des momentanen Schwingkreisstromes erfolgen, um bei eventuell zu hohen Strömen die Anregung auszusetzen.In order to transfer energy from the primary unit to the secondary unit, it is preferable if the primary inductance for energy transfer is excited with an alternating current. In this case, the primary inductance itself can represent a part of a resonant or resonant circuit or be excited by it. The control of the resonant circuit is preferably by means of a current intensity measurement, a control and a transistor bridge regulated. The current intensity measurement can be carried out, for example, via a transformer whose measuring signal is proportional to the current intensity. In order to maintain the oscillations in the coil, the measuring signals from the transformer are amplified with a phase correction and passed on to the drive. The control controls the transistor bridge or its driver circuit such that the transistor bridge always switches in the vicinity of the zero crossing of the resonant circuit current and thus the resonant circuit is additionally excited. As a result, switching losses are avoided, and it is, so to speak, a square wave voltage on the resonant circuit. In the control, a review of the current resonant circuit current can be made to suspend the excitation at possibly too high currents.

Um bei der Unterbrechung der Energieübertragung möglichst schnell keine Energie mehr über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke zu senden, ist es bevorzugt, wenn die Restenergie in der Primärinduktivität beschleunigt abgebaut wird. Dies kann beispielsweise über die Ansteuerung erfolgen, die dann phaseninvertiert die Primärinduktivität oder den Schwingkreis mit Strom versorgt, so dass die Schwingung abgedämpft wird. Alternativ kann dies auch durch eine in Serie geschaltete Transistorstrecke z.B. aus FETs und/oder Widerstände erfolgen.In order to send as soon as possible no energy over the transformer coupling path at the interruption of the energy transfer, it is preferred if the residual energy is dissipated accelerated in the primary inductance. This can be done for example via the control, which then phase-inverted supplies the primary inductance or the resonant circuit with power, so that the vibration is damped. Alternatively, this can also be done by a series transistor path, e.g. made of FETs and / or resistors.

Bei herkömmlichen induktiven Kopplungsstrecken wird die Sekundärinduktivität abgestimmt zur Primärinduktivität bzw. deren Schwingungsfrequenz betrieben. Dies erfordert aber entsprechende Abstimmungen zwischen den beiden Induktivitäten. Problematisch sind hierbei auch Drifts der Eigenfrequenzen z.B. aufgrund von Alterung oder Temperaturänderungen. Daher ist es bevorzugt, wenn bei der Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen transformatorischen Kopplungsstrecke die Sekundärinduktivität unabgestimmt betrieben wird. Dies heißt, dass keinerlei Anstrengungen unternommen werden, sie auf die Resonanzfrequenz der Primärinduktivität bzw. des Schwingkreises in der Primäreinheit abzustimmen.In conventional inductive coupling paths, the secondary inductance is tuned to the primary inductance or its oscillation frequency. However, this requires appropriate tuning between the two inductors. Also problematic here are drifts of the natural frequencies, e.g. due to aging or temperature changes. Therefore, it is preferred that when using the transformer coupling path according to the invention, the secondary inductance is operated uncoordinated. This means that no effort is made to match them to the resonant frequency of the primary inductor or resonant circuit in the primary unit.

Eine Möglichkeit zum Erkennen der Energiesendepausen durch die Sekundäreinheit, ist die Überwachung der Spannung über die Sekundärinduktivität. Fällt diese Spannung ab, so wird auf den Beginn einer Energiesendepause geschlossen.One way to detect the energy end pauses by the secondary unit is to monitor the voltage across the secondary inductance. If this voltage drops, then the beginning of an energy-saving break is concluded.

Die Datenübertragung von der Sekundäreinheit an die Primäreinheit in einer Energiesendepause kann grundsätzlich beliebig erfolgen. Besonders einfach ist es jedoch, wenn zum Senden der Daten die Sekundärinduktivität mit Strom beaufschlagt wird, und dieser Stromfluss durch die Sekundärinduktivität anschließend, insbesondere abrupt, abgebrochen wird. Hierdurch wird ein Impuls ausgelöst, der an die Primärinduktivität über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke übertragen wird und in der Primäreinheit als Spannungsimpuls detektiert werden kann.The data transmission from the secondary unit to the primary unit in an energy-saving break can basically be arbitrary. But it is especially easy when the secondary inductance is supplied with current for transmitting the data, and then this current flow through the secondary inductance is aborted, in particular abruptly. As a result, a pulse is triggered, which is transmitted to the primary inductance via the transformer coupling path and can be detected in the primary unit as a voltage pulse.

So ist es beispielsweise möglich, zum Übertragen eines Datums mit dem Wert "1" in der Energiesendepause einen Spannungs- oder Stromimpuls an die Primäreinheit zu übertragen beziehungsweise dort anzuregen und zum Übertragen eines Datums mit dem Wert "0" in der Energiesendepause keinen Spannungs- oder Stromimpuls zu erzeugen. Ebenso sind aber auch andere Kodierungsmöglichkeiten denkbar. So können auch mit einem Impuls informationstechnische Symbole übertragen werden, wodurch die Übertragung von mehreren Bit mit einem Impuls möglich ist. Dies erfordert entsprechende Modulations- und Demodulations- sowie Auswertungseinrichtungen sowohl auf der Primär- wie als auch auf der Sekundäreinheit.So it is possible, for example, to transmit a voltage or current pulse to the primary unit or to stimulate there to transmit a date with the value "1" in the energy-saving break and to transmit a date with the value "0" in the energy-saving break no voltage or Generate current pulse. Likewise, other coding options are conceivable. Thus, information technology symbols can also be transmitted with one pulse, whereby the transmission of several bits with one pulse is possible. This requires appropriate modulation and demodulation and evaluation facilities on both the primary and secondary units.

Die Daten, die von der Sekundäreinheit an die Primäreinheit übertragen werden, können beispielsweise Informationen über Messsignale der angeschossene Sensoren sein. Ebenso ist es möglich, Informationen über die aktuellen Schaltzustände von angeschlossenen Aktoren zu übertragen. Hierbei hat es sich als vorteilhaft herausgestellt, wenn diese Daten vor oder während der Übertragung einer Quellen- oder Kanalkodierung unterzogen werden, um die Anfälligkeit auf Übertragungsfehler zu verringern. Ebenso ist das Vorsehen einer Prüfsumme möglich, um Übertragungsfehler zu erkennen.The data that is transmitted from the secondary unit to the primary unit can be, for example, information about measuring signals of the wound sensors. It is also possible to transmit information about the current switching states of connected actuators. In doing so, it has proven to be advantageous if these data are subjected to a source or channel coding before or during the transmission, in order to reduce the susceptibility to transmission errors. Similarly, the provision of a checksum is possible to detect transmission errors.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und schematischen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. In diesen Zeichnungen zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein schematisches Diagramm des Stromflusses durch die Primärinduktivi- tät;
Fig. 2
ein schematisches Diagramm einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsge- mäßen Vorrichtung; und
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung einer möglichen Anordnung der Primär- und Sekundärinduktivitäten.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments and schematic drawings. In these drawings show:
Fig. 1
a schematic diagram of the current flow through the primary inductance;
Fig. 2
a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the inventive device; and
Fig. 3
a schematic representation of a possible arrangement of the primary and secondary inductances.

In Fig. 1 ist der Strom über die Zeit in der Primärinduktivität 4 der Primäreinheit 2 dargestellt.In Fig. 1 the current over the time in the primary inductance 4 of the primary unit 2 is shown.

Bis zum Zeitpunkt t1 wird die Primärinduktivität 4 beziehungsweise der Schwingkreis durch die Steuerung der Primäreinheit 2 mit Strom angeregt, so dass sie in Schwingung versetzt wird. Das heißt, vom Zeitpunkt t0 und auch davor bis zum Zeitpunkt t1 wird in einem ersten Energieübertragungsintervall 41 Energie an die Sekundärinduktivität 3 übertragen. Die Restwelligkeit des Stroms ist durch die Regelung in der Primärinduktivität 4 bedingt. Zum Zeitpunkt t1 wird die Anregung des Schwingkreises bzw. der Primärinduktivität 4 beendet. Anschließend wird zwischen dem Zeitpunkt t1 bis t2 die Energie beschleunigt aus der Primärinduktivität 4 beziehungsweise dem Schwingkreis abgebaut. Dieser Zeitraum wird auch als Abklingzeit 42 bezeichnet. Grundsätzlich werden, wenn keine Möglichkeit der Datenübertragung von der Primäreinheit 2 an die Sekundäreinheit 3 notwendig ist, die Energiesendepausen 43 in periodischen Abständen eingefügt.Until the time t 1 , the primary inductance 4 or the resonant circuit is excited by the control of the primary unit 2 with current, so that it is set in oscillation. That is, from the time t 0 and before it to the time t 1 41 energy is transmitted to the secondary inductance 3 in a first energy transfer interval. The residual ripple of the current is due to the regulation in the primary inductance 4. At time t 1 , the excitation of the resonant circuit or the primary inductance 4 is terminated. Subsequently, between the time t 1 to t 2, the energy accelerated from the primary inductance 4 or the resonant circuit degraded. This period is also referred to as cooldown 42. Basically, if no possibility of data transmission from the primary unit 2 to the secondary unit 3 is necessary, the energy-end pauses 43 are inserted at periodic intervals.

Der Beginn der Energiesendepause 43, welche sich vom Zeitpunkt t2 bis t4 erstreckt, wird von der Sekundäreinheit 3 erkannt. Daraufhin sendet die Sekundäreinheit 3 einen Impuls 50 mittels ihrer Sekundärinduktivität 5 über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke an die Primärinduktivität 4 und damit die Primäreinheit 2 aus.The beginning of the energy-saving break 43, which extends from the time t 2 to t 4 , is detected by the secondary unit 3. Subsequently, the secondary unit 3 sends a pulse 50 by means of its secondary inductance 5 via the transformer coupling path to the primary inductance 4 and thus the primary unit 2.

Zum Zeitpunkt t4 wird von der Primäreinheit 2 die Anregung der Schwingung in der Primärinduktivität 4 wieder aufgenommen und erreicht zum Zeitpunkt t5 wieder den optimalen Betriebswert. Das Intervall zwischen t4 und t5 wird auch als Anschaltverzögerung 44 bezeichnet. Anschließend an die Anschaltverzögerung 44 befindet sich ein neues, zweites Energieübertragungsintervall 45. Um auch Daten von der Primäreinheit 2 an die Sekundäreinheit 3 zu übertragen, kann die Länge der Energiesendepause 43 zur Datenübertragung beziehungsweise Kodierung verwendet werden. Eine andere oder zusätzliche Möglichkeit ist die Länge eines Energieübertragungsintervalls 41, 45 zur Übertragung dieser Daten zu verwenden. Ein Energieübertragungsintervall 41, 45 kann beispielsweise 4 ms und die Abklingzeit 20-30 µs betragen. Um die Energieübertragung nicht zu lange zu unterbrechen, dauert dann eine Energiesendepause 34 beispielsweise etwa 100-150 µs.At the time t 4 , the excitation of the oscillation in the primary inductance 4 is resumed by the primary unit 2 and reaches the optimum operating value again at the instant t 5 . The interval between t 4 and t 5 is also referred to as turn-on delay 44. Subsequent to the turn-on delay 44 there is a new, second energy transmission interval 45. In order to also transmit data from the primary unit 2 to the secondary unit 3, the length of the energy break 43 can be used for data transmission or coding. Another or additional possibility is to use the length of a power transmission interval 41, 45 for transmitting this data. For example, an energy transfer interval 41, 45 may be 4 ms and the decay time 20-30 μs. In order not to interrupt the energy transfer too long, then takes an energy-saving break 34, for example, about 100-150 microseconds.

Im Folgenden wird unter Bezugnahme auf Fig. 2 die grundlegende Funktionalität und der Betrieb einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1 beschrieben.The following is with reference to Fig. 2 describes the basic functionality and operation of a device 1 according to the invention.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 gliedert sich in eine Primäreinheit 2 und eine Sekundäreinheit 3. Diese können auch als Primär- und Sekundärseiten der Vorrichtung 1 angesehen werden. Die zentralen Elemente zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind die Primärinduktivität 4, welche durch eine erste Spule ausgebildet ist und die Sekundärinduktivität 5, welche durch eine zweite Spule ausgebildet ist. Die beiden Spulen 4 und 5 sind bevorzugt koaxial positioniert. Der Abstand 15 zwischen den beiden Spulen 4, 5 ist in der Größenordnung von 2,5 mm und sollte maximal 5 mm betragen. Diese Strecke zwischen den beiden Spulen 4, 5 wird als transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke bezeichnet.The device 1 according to the invention is divided into a primary unit 2 and a secondary unit 3. These can also be regarded as primary and secondary sides of the device 1. The central elements for carrying out the method according to the invention are the primary inductance 4, which is formed by a first coil and the secondary inductance 5, which is formed by a second coil. The two coils 4 and 5 are preferably coaxially positioned. The distance 15 between the two coils 4, 5 is of the order of 2.5 mm and should not exceed 5 mm. This distance between the two coils 4, 5 is referred to as a transformer coupling path.

Im Folgenden wird die Steuerung und der Betrieb der Spule 4 zum Übertragen der Energie an die Sekundäreinheit 3 beschrieben. Die Primäreinheit 2 wird über eine Energiequelle 6 mit Energie versorgt. Diese ist sowohl mit der allgemeinen Versorgung für die Einrichtungen der Primäreinheit 2 wie auch mit einer Transistorbrücke 9 verbunden. Diese Transistorbrücke 9 ist bevorzugt aus FETs aufgebaut. In der hier dargestellten Ausführungsform wird durch die Spule 4 und einen parallel dazu geschalteten Kondensator 34 ein paralleler Schwingkreis ausgebildet. Es ist aber ebenso möglich, einen anderen Schwingkreis, beispielsweise einen seriellen Schwingkreis, zum Ausführen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zu verwenden.The following describes the control and operation of the coil 4 for transmitting the power to the secondary unit 3. The primary unit 2 is powered by an energy source 6 with energy. This is connected both to the general supply for the devices of the primary unit 2 as well as to a transistor bridge 9. This transistor bridge 9 is preferably constructed of FETs. In the embodiment shown here, a parallel resonant circuit is formed by the coil 4 and a capacitor 34 connected in parallel thereto. However, it is also possible to use another resonant circuit, for example a serial resonant circuit, for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Über die Transistorbrücke 9, den Schwingkreis mit der Spule 4 und dem Kondensator 34, einen Strom- und Spannungssensor 16, eine Steuereinrichtung 10 und einen Brückentreiber 9, ist eine Regelschleife zur Regelung der Oszillation des Schwingkreises aufgebaut. Der Strom- und Spannungssensor 16 misst den Strom, welcher durch die Spule 4 fließt, und leitet ein Messsignal an die Steuereinrichtung 10 weiter. Dieses Signal kann mit einer Phasenkorrektur verstärkt werden. Beispielsweise kann die Strommessung in dem Strom- und Spannungssensor 16 durch einen Transformator ausgeführt werden, dessen Messsignal proportional zur Stromstärke ist.Via the transistor bridge 9, the resonant circuit with the coil 4 and the capacitor 34, a current and voltage sensor 16, a control device 10 and a bridge driver 9, a control loop for controlling the oscillation of the resonant circuit is constructed. The current and voltage sensor 16 measures the current flowing through the coil 4 and forwards a measurement signal to the control device 10. This signal can be amplified with a phase correction. For example, the current measurement in the current and voltage sensor 16 may be performed by a transformer whose measurement signal is proportional to the current.

Die Steuereinrichtung 10, welche auch als Steuerlogik für den Brückentreiber 8 bezeichnet werden kann, schaltet die Transistorbrücke 9 über deren Treiber 8 derart, dass der Schwingkreis in Schwingung versetzt wird. Dies erfolgt beispielsweise durch ein Schalten zum Zeitpunkt des Null-Durchgangs des Schwingkreisstromes. Des Weiteren wird der vom Strom- und Spannungssensor 16 gemessene Strom zur Stromregelung in der Spule 4 verwendet, um sicherzustellen, dass der Schwingkreisstrom nicht unzulässig hoch wird. Die Regelung wird durch die Steuereinrichtung 10 derart ausgeführt, dass bei einem zu hohen Strom durch die Spule 4 der Schwingkreis nicht weiter angeregt wird.The control device 10, which can also be referred to as control logic for the bridge driver 8, switches the transistor bridge 9 via its driver 8 in such a way that the resonant circuit is set in oscillation. This is done, for example, by switching at the time of zero passage of the resonant circuit current. Furthermore, the current measured by the current and voltage sensor 16 is used to control the current in the coil 4 to ensure that the resonant circuit current is not inadmissible gets high. The control is carried out by the control device 10 such that when the current through the coil 4 is too high, the resonant circuit is no longer excited.

Weiterhin wird von der Steuerung 10 auch eine Energiesendepause 43 eingeleitet. Hierzu signalisiert sie dem Treiber 8, die Schwingung nicht weiter aufrechtzuerhalten oder zu unterstützen. Zusätzlich aktiviert sie einen Abklingbeschleuniger 14. Dieser kann beispielsweise durch Transistoren und Widerstände ausgeführt sein und sorgt dafür, dass die Restenergie, welche sich in der Spule 4 befindet, möglichst schnell abgebaut wird.Furthermore, an energy-saving break 43 is initiated by the controller 10. To do this, it signals the driver 8 not to continue or support the oscillation. In addition, it activates a decay accelerator 14. This can be carried out for example by transistors and resistors and ensures that the residual energy, which is located in the coil 4, is degraded as quickly as possible.

In einer Energiesendepause 43 wird von der Spule 5 ein Datenimpuls 50 in der Spule 4, wie zuvor in Bezug auf Fig. 1 gezeigt, angeregt. Die Ergebnisse einer kontinuierlichen Spannungsüberwachung der Spule 4 werden an eine Impulsaufbereitung 13 weitergeleitet. Hier wird anhand der empfangenen Spannungsniveaus dekodiert, welche Daten und Informationen von der Sekundäreinheit 3 übertragen wurden. Diese Daten werden einer zentralen Auswerteeinheit 12 zur weiteren Verarbeitung weitergeleitet. Die Auswerteeinheit 12 kann beispielsweise durch einen Mikroprozessor oder durch eine programmierbare Logik, wie ein FPGA, realisiert werden. Die Auswertung 12 bereitet die Ergebnisse auf und gibt sie über entsprechende Ausgänge 11 beispielsweise auf eine speicherprogrammierbare Steuerung, ein Relais oder einen Daten-Bus aus. Die Auswertung 12 kann auch die Steuereinrichtung 10 mit Anweisungen steuern. So ist es beispielsweise möglich, explizit Daten von der Sekundäreinheit 3 anzufordern, in dem von der Auswertung 12 die Steuereinrichtung 10 angewiesen wird, eine Energiesendepause 43 einzulegen, um Daten von der Sekundäreinheit 3 zu übertragen.In an energy-saving pause 43, the coil 5 receives a data pulse 50 in the coil 4, as previously described with reference to FIG Fig. 1 shown, excited. The results of a continuous voltage monitoring of the coil 4 are forwarded to a pulse conditioning 13. Here is decoded based on the received voltage levels, which data and information was transmitted from the secondary unit 3. These data are forwarded to a central evaluation unit 12 for further processing. The evaluation unit 12 can be realized for example by a microprocessor or by a programmable logic, such as an FPGA. The evaluation 12 prepares the results and outputs them via corresponding outputs 11, for example to a programmable logic controller, a relay or a data bus. The evaluation 12 can also control the control device 10 with instructions. Thus, it is possible, for example, to explicitly request data from the secondary unit 3, in which the controller 10 is instructed by the evaluation 12 to insert an energy-saving pause 43 in order to transmit data from the secondary unit 3.

In der Sekundäreinheit 3 wird über die induktive Kopplungsstrecke durch die Spule 4 in der Spule 5 eine Wechselspannung angeregt. Die Spule 5 ist mit einer allgemeinen Versorgungseinrichtung 18 verbunden. Diese weist zur Energiespeicherung der übertragenen Energie beispielsweise einen Kondensator auf, der über einen Gleichrichter aufgeladen wird. Die gleichgerichtete Spannung ist stark abstandsabhängig und kann bei sehr geringem Abstand bzw. direktem Kontakt der Spulen 4, 5 über 100 Volt betragen. Deswegen ist zur Verlustleistungsminderung ein Schaltregler vorgesehen. Die in der allgemeinen Versorgungseinrichtung 18 gespeicherte und aufbereitete Energie wird über ein Schaltnetzteil 19 den angeschlossenen Endgeräten, beispielsweise Aktoren oder Sensoren, zur Verfügung gestellt.In the secondary unit 3, an alternating voltage is excited via the inductive coupling path through the coil 4 in the coil 5. The coil 5 is connected to a general supply device 18. This has, for example, a capacitor for energy storage of the transmitted energy, which is charged via a rectifier. The rectified voltage is highly dependent on distance and can be at very low distance or direct contact of the coils 4, 5 over 100 volts. Therefore, a switching regulator is provided for loss of power reduction. The energy stored and processed in the general supply device 18 becomes via a switching power supply 19 the connected terminals, such as actuators or sensors, provided.

Über die transformatorische Kopplungsstrecke können typischerweise einige Watt übertragen werden. Das Schaltnetzteil 19 liefert beispielsweise eine Spannung von ca. 12 V an die Endgeräte, welche etwa 160-170 mA verbrauchen.Typically, a few watts can be transmitted via the transformer coupling path. For example, the switched-mode power supply 19 supplies a voltage of approximately 12 V to the terminals, which consume approximately 160-170 mA.

Zusätzlich befindet sich direkt an der Spule 5 eine Pausenerkennung 17. Diese Pausenerkennung misst die Spannung, welche in die Spule 5 übertragen wird, und signalisiert einer zentrale Verarbeitungseinrichtung 21, sobald die Spannung unter einen Schwellwert fällt. Die zentrale Verarbeitungseinrichtung 21 kann beispielsweise in Form eines Mikrocontrollers oder einer programmierbaren Logik, wie einem FPGA, ausgeführt sein. Empfängt die zentrale Verarbeitungseinrichtung 21 die Information von der Pausenerkennung 17, dass zurzeit die Spannung unter einem Schwellwert liegt, so interpretiert sie dies, als Energiesendepause 43. Die zentrale Verarbeitungseinrichtung 21 übermittelt einem Impulserzeuger 22 entsprechende Anweisungen, bestimmte Impulsformen über die Spule 5 mittels der induktiven Kopplungsstrecke an die Spule 4 der Primäreinheit 2 zu übertragen. Die Energie zur Sendeimpulserzeugung stammt ebenfalls aus der allgemeinen Energieversorgung 18.In addition, a pause detection 17 is located directly on the coil 5. This pause detection measures the voltage which is transmitted to the coil 5 and signals a central processing device 21 as soon as the voltage falls below a threshold value. The central processing device 21 can be embodied, for example, in the form of a microcontroller or a programmable logic, such as an FPGA. If the central processing device 21 receives the information from the pause detection 17 that the voltage is currently below a threshold, it interprets this as an energy-saving pause 43. The central processing device 21 transmits instructions corresponding to a pulse generator 22, specific pulse shapes via the coil 5 by means of the inductive Coupling path to the coil 4 of the primary unit 2 to transmit. The energy for transmit pulse generation also comes from the general power supply 18.

Die zentrale Verarbeitungseinrichtung 21 empfängt außerdem Informationen über Eingänge 23. Diese sind mit Sensoren oder Aktoren verbunden. Ebenso kann die zentrale Verarbeitungseinrichtung 21 über Ausgänge, welche nicht dargestellt sind, Anweisungen an Aktoren oder Sensoren senden.The central processing device 21 also receives information about inputs 23. These are connected to sensors or actuators. Similarly, the central processing device 21 via outputs, which are not shown, send instructions to actuators or sensors.

Schließlich ist eine Unterspannungserkennung 20 vorgesehen, die die Spannung an dem Schaltnetzteil 19 überwacht. Fällt diese Spannung unter einen bestimmten Wert, beispielsweise unter 12 V, so sind die Daten, welche die Sensoren über die Eingänge 23 liefern, nicht mehr zuverlässig. Dies signalisiert die Unterspannungserkennung 20 an die zentrale Verarbeitungseinrichtung 21, so dass diese unzuverlässigen Daten nicht an die Primäreinheit 2 gesendet werden.Finally, an undervoltage detection 20 is provided, which monitors the voltage at the switching power supply 19. If this voltage falls below a certain value, for example below 12 V, the data which the sensors supply via the inputs 23 are no longer reliable. This signals the undervoltage detection 20 to the central processing device 21 so that these unreliable data are not sent to the primary unit 2.

Die Spannung an der Primärspule 4 während der Energieübertragung kann etwa 100-200 V betragen und ein Datenimpuls hat beispielsweise etwa 100-200 mV.The voltage at the primary coil 4 during the energy transfer can be about 100-200 V and a data pulse has about 100-200 mV, for example.

In Fig. 3 ist eine Möglichkeit der Positionierung der Primärspule 4 und der Sekundärspule 5 dargestellt. Die Primärspule 4 weit einen U-förmigen Kern 56 auf. Die Sekundärspule 5 befindet sich auf einer um ihre Mittelachse 57 drehbar gelagerten Scheibe 58 an deren äußeren Umfangsbereich. Bei der Scheibe 58 kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Drehteller einer Abfüllanlage handeln. Dreht sich nun die Scheibe 58, so ist immer zumindest ein Bereich der Sekundärspule 5 in transformatorischer Kopplung mit der Primärspule 4. Grundsätzlich ist bei der Positionierung der beiden Spulen 4, 5 bevorzugt, wenn die meisten Feldlinien der Primärspule 4 durch zumindest Teilbereiche der Sekundärspule 5 durchtreten.In Fig. 3 a possibility of positioning the primary coil 4 and the secondary coil 5 is shown. The primary coil 4 far a U-shaped core 56. The secondary coil 5 is located on a rotatably mounted about its central axis 57 pulley 58 at its outer peripheral portion. The disk 58 may be, for example, a turntable of a bottling plant. Rotates now the disc 58, it is always at least a portion of the secondary coil 5 in transformer coupling with the primary coil 4. Basically, in the positioning of the two coils 4, 5 preferred when most field lines of the primary coil 4 through at least portions of the secondary coil. 5 pass.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren bieten somit eine kontaktlose, effektive und störungsunanfällige Energie- und Datenübertragung über lediglich eine Schnittstelle an.The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention thus offer a contactless, effective and trouble-free energy and data transmission via only one interface.

Claims (15)

  1. Device (1) for contactless energy and data transmission,
    having a primary unit (2) provided with a primary inductor (4),
    having a secondary unit (3) provided with a secondary inductor (5) and which is set up for connecting, for supplying and/or for controlling of at least one terminal device,
    the primary unit (2) and the secondary unit (3) at least temporarily being so positioned relative to one another that a transformer coupling distance is formed between the primary inductor (4) and the secondary inductor (5),
    where the primary unit (2) is set up for the contactless transmission of energy to the secondary unit (3) across the transformer coupling distance,
    where the secondary unit (3) is set up for supplying the terminal devices by means of the energy received across the transformer coupling distance, wherein the primary unit (2) has means (10, 14) for interrupting the energy transmission across the transformer coupling distance in energy transmission intervals (43) and
    wherein the secondary unit (3) has means (17) for detecting the energy transmission intervals (43),
    characterized in that
    the primary unit (2) has means for transmitting data through the variation of the length of the energy transmission intervals (43) and/or the length of the energy transmission phases to the secondary unit (3) and
    that the secondary unit (3) has means (21) for transmitting data to the primary unit (2) across the transformer coupling distance in the energy transmission intervals (43).
  2. Device according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the primary unit (2) has a transistor section for the accelerated reduction of a residual energy in the primary inductor (4) on interrupting the energy transmission.
  3. Device according to one of the claims 1 or 2,
    characterized in that
    the primary unit (2) has means (16) for monitoring a voltage across the primary inductor (4).
  4. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that
    the primary unit (2) has means (16) for measuring a current in the primary inductor (4).
  5. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 4,
    characterized in that
    the secondary unit (3) has means (17) for measuring a voltage across the secondary inductor (5).
  6. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 5,
    characterized in that
    the secondary unit (3) has a storage capacity for buffering a supply of the terminal devices.
  7. Device according to one of the claims 1 to 6,
    characterized in that
    the primary inductor (4) is implemented as part of a resonant circuit.
  8. Method for contactless energy and data transmission
    between a primary unit (2) and a secondary unit (3), which is set up for connecting, for supplying and/or for controlling of at least one terminal device, where the primary unit (2) has a primary inductor (4) and
    where the secondary unit (3) has a secondary inductor (5),
    in which the primary unit (2) is at least temporarily so positioned relative to the secondary unit (3) that between the primary inductor (4) and the secondary inductor (5) a transformer coupling distance is formed,
    in which at last temporarily energy is transmitted in contactless manner across the transformer coupling distance from the primary unit (2) to the secondary unit (3) for supplying the secondary unit (3) and the connected terminal devices, wherein the transmission of energy from the primary unit (2) to the secondary unit (3) is interrupted in energy transmission intervals (43),
    wherein the energy transmission intervals (43) are detected by the secondary unit (3),
    characterized in that
    during the energy transmission intervals (43), the secondary unit (3) transmits data across the transformer coupling distance to the primary unit (2) and by means of the length of the energy transmission intervals (43) and/or the distance between two energy transmission intervals (43), data are transmitted from the primary unit (2) to the secondary unit (3).
  9. Method according to claim 8,
    characterized in that
    the transformer coupling distance is operated outside of resonances of the secondary inductor (5).
  10. Method according to one of the claims 8 or 9,
    characterized in that
    a residual energy in the primary inductor (4) is reduced in accelerated manner during the interruption of energy transmission.
  11. Method according to one of the claims 8 to 10,
    characterized in that
    the primary inductor (4) is excited with alternating current for energy transmission and
    that the alternating current is regulated by means of a current intensity measurement (16), a drive (10) and a transistor bridge (9).
  12. Method according to one of the claims 8 to 11,
    characterized in that
    for detecting the energy transmission intervals (43) through the secondary unit (3) evaluation takes place of a voltage across the secondary inductor (5).
  13. Method according to one of the claims 8 to 12,
    characterized in that
    the secondary inductor (5) is supplied with current for transmitting data and the current flow through the secondary inductor (5) is then, particularly abruptly, stopped.
  14. Method according to one of the claims 8 to 13,
    characterized in that
    for transmitting a datum with the value "1" in an energy transmission interval (43) a voltage and/or a current pulse is transmitted and
    that for transmitting a data with the value "0" in an energy transmission interval (43) no voltage and/or current pulse is transmitted.
  15. Method according to one of the claims 8 to 14,
    characterized in that
    by means of said data, particularly coded data, information on terminal devices is transmitted.
EP08001422A 2008-01-25 2008-01-25 Device and method for contact-free energy and data transfer Active EP2083407B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08001422A EP2083407B1 (en) 2008-01-25 2008-01-25 Device and method for contact-free energy and data transfer
US12/359,495 US8198755B2 (en) 2008-01-25 2009-01-26 Contactless energy and data transmission device and method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08001422A EP2083407B1 (en) 2008-01-25 2008-01-25 Device and method for contact-free energy and data transfer

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EP2083407B1 true EP2083407B1 (en) 2012-05-16

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EP2083407A1 (en) 2009-07-29
US20090189459A1 (en) 2009-07-30

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