EP2083215A2 - Vertikaler Brenner für ein Haushaltsheizgerät - Google Patents

Vertikaler Brenner für ein Haushaltsheizgerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2083215A2
EP2083215A2 EP09151181A EP09151181A EP2083215A2 EP 2083215 A2 EP2083215 A2 EP 2083215A2 EP 09151181 A EP09151181 A EP 09151181A EP 09151181 A EP09151181 A EP 09151181A EP 2083215 A2 EP2083215 A2 EP 2083215A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion
burner
chamber
conveyor body
internal conveyor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09151181A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2083215A3 (de
Inventor
Marco Palazzetti
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
PALAZZETTI LELIO SpA
Original Assignee
PALAZZETTI LELIO SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by PALAZZETTI LELIO SpA filed Critical PALAZZETTI LELIO SpA
Publication of EP2083215A2 publication Critical patent/EP2083215A2/de
Publication of EP2083215A3 publication Critical patent/EP2083215A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B40/00—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber
    • F23B40/06—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface
    • F23B40/08—Combustion apparatus with driven means for feeding fuel into the combustion chamber the fuel being fed along the fuel-supporting surface into pot- or trough-shaped grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/36—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber shaft-type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F23B60/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving with combustion air supplied through a grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a vertical burner for a domestic heating apparatus, such as a stove, fed by granular biomass fuel, for example pellets, olive pulp, maize or others.
  • granular biomass fuel for example pellets, olive pulp, maize or others.
  • Apparatuses for domestic heating are known, such as a stove using pellets, comprising a frame made of sheet metal which supports a unit to extract the fumes and a unit to feed the pellets, and inside which a combustion unit or burner of the pellets is disposed, consisting of a cast iron brazier, usually in the shape of an open basin and flared upward, and an element to ignite the pellets.
  • an air-fume heat exchanger is provided, to heat the air of the room or a water-fume exchanger of a water plant, by means of the heat energy of the combustion fumes.
  • the air of the room is conveyed from below, partly into the burner, for combustion, and partly into the heat exchanger, on the air side.
  • the known heating apparatus has the disadvantage that it is difficult, in functioning, to respect such strict norms, because the combustion does not take place constantly at the optimum high temperature required for combustion, resulting in an incomplete combustion and with the resulting emission of unburnt pollutants.
  • Purpose of the present invention is to make a vertical burner for a domestic heating apparatus which allows to considerably reduce the presence of unburnt pollutants, dust (particulate), PM 10 , NO x and carbon monoxide in the discharge fumes, in order to respect the above new laws.
  • the Applicant has devised, tested and embodied the present invention to overcome the shortcomings of the state of the art and to obtain these and other purposes and advantages.
  • a vertical burner for a domestic heating apparatus fed with granular biomass fuel such as pellets, olive pulp, maize and suchlike, comprises a support frame inside which a combustion unit with a combustion chamber inside is installed.
  • the combustion unit comprises an internal conveyor body, advantageously shaped as a divergent-convergent nozzle, which delimits the combustion chamber inside it and, outside it, a containing chamber for the comburent air.
  • the internal conveyor body is made of a material with low heat conductivity and high resistance to temperature, able to maintain, under normal use, the internal temperature of the combustion chamber at a determinate combustion temperature. Moreover, the internal conveyor body is shaped so as to define vertically one or more parts of the chamber, which are shaped with cross sections with a predetermined and different geometry in order to determine the ascent of the combustion fumes upward at a determinate outflow speed, so that they have adequate time to stay in the chamber, such as to enable a substantial complete combustion.
  • the aforementioned parts of the combustion chamber advantageously define the geometry as a divergent-convergent nozzle of the internal conveyor body.
  • the present invention allows to considerably reduce, in the discharge fumes, the presence of unburnt particles, dust, PM 10 , NO x , SO x , and carbon monoxide, in order to respect the various new norms. Indeed with the present invention the passage time, that is, the time the fumes remain in the combustion chamber, is maximized, at the maximum possible temperature of combustion.
  • the internal conveyor body is made as a hollow lateral wall structure, surrounding a vertical axis, with a material resistant to the high combustion temperatures and with a low heat conduction property.
  • a first part of the combustion chamber is divergent and in its lower part is able to house the grate-brazier on which the combustion of the granular biomass takes place.
  • This first part is flared, or rather it widens toward the top so as to have a cross section which increases, from bottom to top, from a minimum section to a maximum section.
  • the internal conveyor body is shaped so as to define a third part too, above the second part, which is flared toward the bottom (convergent) in order to have a cross section which diminishes, from bottom to top, from a maximum section to a minimum section.
  • the third part is substantially shaped equal and symmetrical to the first part.
  • the second part has a height at least double that of the third part, thus maximizing the time the fumes stay inside.
  • the first part has a truncated cone shape, while the second part is cylindrical.
  • the material of which the internal conveyor body is made is refractory based which, keeping the high combustion temperatures constant, allows an effective irradiation of the heat energy toward the inside of the combustion chamber.
  • a plurality of passageways are provided, made through the internal conveyor body, which are able to allow the passage of comburent air from the containing chamber to the inside of the chamber in order to achieve the post-combustion of the fumes.
  • the passageways are positioned and shaped so as to determine a substantial spiral movement of the combustion fumes.
  • the passageways are conical through holes directed substantially perpendicular with respect to the internal conveyor body.
  • the conical holes are radial toward the center of the chamber.
  • the passageways are conical holes which are inclined with respect to the internal conveyor body; advantageously they are substantially tangential to the internal conveyor body.
  • a further advantage of the present invention is that, given the optimum and substantial complete combustion and reduction in emission of unburnt particles, there is also a reduced solid combustion residue, or ash, at the bottom of the brazier, thus reducing the number of times the brazier needs to be cleaned or emptied.
  • a heating apparatus comprising the above burner also comes within the field of the present invention.
  • a method for the combustion of granular biomass such as pellets, olive pulp, maize and suchlike, inside the combustion chamber of a vertical burner of a domestic heating apparatus provides to use an internal conveyor body made of low heat conductivity material which has a high resistance to temperature, which delimits the combustion chamber inside it and is able to maintain, under normal use, the temperature of the chamber at a determinate combustion temperature, and to convey the outflow of the combustion fumes upward and at a determinate speed, making them pass along a plurality of parts of the combustion chamber, which have a different and predetermined cross section so that the combustion fumes have time to remain in the chamber to allow a substantial complete combustion thereof.
  • a burner 10 according to the present invention is installed in a heating apparatus 12 of the type using pellets. It is clear that, as well as pellets, other granular biomasses can be used, such as olive pulp or maize, with a nominal dimension comprised between a few millimeters and some tens of millimeters.
  • the burner 10 comprises a support frame 13 made of metal material which supports a combustion unit 11 mounted inside it.
  • the frame 13 has a lower part 21, which functions as a technical compartment, and a higher part of the frame 13, or plenum 22 which functions, to all effects, as a containing chamber for the combustion air, as is better explained in the following part of the description.
  • the combustion unit 11 comprises an internal conveyor body 26, disposed in the plenum 22 vertically along an axis Y and resting on a shelf 20, which delimits laterally inside it a combustion chamber 25 which provides at its lower part a grate-brazier 24.
  • the internal conveyor body 26 is shaped so as to have a geometry as a divergent-convergent nozzle. Moreover, the internal conveyor body 26 is made of refractory material and develops along the vertical axis Y, substantially for the whole height that goes from the shelf 20 as far as the top of the frame 13.
  • the internal conveyor body 26 is axial-symmetrical, advantageously consisting of a cylindrical central part 30 and two peripheral zones 28 and 32 substantially shaped like a truncated cone, with mating diameters, so as to define said geometry as a divergent-convergent nozzle, as can be clearly seen in figs. 1 and 2 .
  • the internal conveyor body 26 has a substantially horizontal cover part 36 on its upper end.
  • the cover part 36 closes the plenum 22 of the frame 13 at the top, for this purpose cooperating with packing elements 38 able to achieve a seal between the refractory and the metal material of the frame 13.
  • the cover part 36 is the part which actually rests on the structure of the frame 13, supporting the burner 10.
  • a heat exchanger 14 is mounted, in which the combustion fumes exchange heat with the air to be heated, which is taken from an internal or external environment, or a liquid (usually water) in the case of water heating plants, according to the two alternatives.
  • a fume extraction unit 16 is installed downstream of the heat exchanger 14 , possibly with the help of an aspirator 17.
  • a feeding unit 42 for pellets is also associated with the burner 10, in this case located laterally, which feeds the pellets to the grate-brazier 24 from above, that is, by falling
  • the feeding unit 42 comprises a tank 44 for the pellets, a star valve 46, which functions as a dispenser for the selective passage of the pellet from the tank 44, and a metal feed pipe 48 which receives the pellet form the star valve 46 and which is provided with a spiral screw 50 ( figs. 1 and 2 ) to feed the pellet toward the burner 10 and to introduce it, from above with respect to the bed of embers, inside the burner 10.
  • a feed unit for combustion air 18 is mounted, which has a ventilator or alternatively a blower 19, in particular installed in the technical compartment 21, which introduces the air through a hole 15, a part into the combustion unit 11 and a part into the heat exchanger 14.
  • the internal conveyor unit 26 functions as a divergent-convergent nozzle and has the first part or combustion part 28, axially, from the bottom to the top, in which the grate-brazier 24 is located ( figs 1 and 2 ) onto which the pellet falls, and an ignition element 23, with an electric resistance, to ignite the pellet.
  • the combustion flame develops.
  • the first part 28 has a shape which flares upward for the first conveyance of the combustion fumes upward.
  • the second or central part 30, Moving upward, along the axis Y, there is the second or central part 30, with a diameter substantially equal to the maximum size of the first part 28, as can be seen in fig. 1 .
  • the height of the central part 30, instead, is at least double the height of the first part 28, so as to increase the time in which the fumes pass through or remain inside it, and hence to promote the complete combustion thereof.
  • the second part 30 thus functions as a combustion zone and where the combustion fumes slowly ascend.
  • the temperature is substantially always equal to the optimum necessary combustion temperature and there is no surface cooling of the chamber 25, thanks to the effect of irradiance of the heat energy toward the inside of the chamber 25 due to the refractory material which makes up the internal conveyor body 26.
  • the fumes have an extended time in which they remain inside the second part 30, thanks to the wider section than the brazier 24 from which they evolve, and therefore for them the combustion process is completed at the optimum combustion temperature. In other words, the time for which the fumes remain at the maximum possible combustion temperature is maximized, with a considerable reduction in the emission of unburnt particles.
  • the third part 32 which tapers upward, symmetrical and specular with the first part 28, and determines a narrowing of the section where the fumes pass with respect to the intermediate part 30.
  • the internal conveyor body 26 has a height of about 3 - 4 times the height of conventional burners known in the state of the art, with a geometry having a narrow part (first part 28), a wider part (second part 30), and another narrow part (third part 32), allowing to obtain the effect of slowing down the fumes, as we said.
  • the inside of the chamber 25 is shaped with a circular section, with the internal diameters developing as described above.
  • the combustion air arriving from below, passes through the inlet hole 15, into the brazier 24 and, rising into the plenum 22, penetrates into the combustion chamber 25 through the grate 24 and especially through conical holes 40, made as through holes in the internal conveyor body 26.
  • conical holes 40 are shown only in the right-hand side of the internal conveyor body 26, in fig. 1 , but they can be made along all or part of its perimeter, even at different heights.
  • the conical holes 40 can have a central direction, that is, they can be substantially perpendicular to the relative part 28, 30 or 32 in which they are made, so as to have a stream of air substantially radial toward the center.
  • the conical holes 40 are slightly inclined with respect to a normal radial direction, so as to determine a stream of air of a tangential type and, consequently, an accentuated spiral or rotational motion of the combustion fumes.
  • the stream of comburent air arriving from the conical holes 40 allows post-combustion of the combustion fumes, so as to increase the efficiency and heat yield of the burner 10 and to abate the emissions of carbon monoxide.
  • the conical holes 40 determine a spiral or rotational turbulent motion of the fumes, which thus ascend slowly along the combustion chamber 25, increasing the time they remain inside the internal conveyor body 26.
  • the fumes are conveyed to the extraction unit 14, as described above.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP09151181A 2008-01-24 2009-01-23 Vertikaler Brenner für ein Haushaltsheizgerät Withdrawn EP2083215A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUD20080014 ITUD20080014A1 (it) 2008-01-24 2008-01-24 Bruciatore verticale per un'apparecchiatura per il riscaldamento domestico

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2083215A2 true EP2083215A2 (de) 2009-07-29
EP2083215A3 EP2083215A3 (de) 2010-05-12

Family

ID=40290458

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09151181A Withdrawn EP2083215A3 (de) 2008-01-24 2009-01-23 Vertikaler Brenner für ein Haushaltsheizgerät

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2083215A3 (de)
IT (1) ITUD20080014A1 (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102252317A (zh) * 2011-05-10 2011-11-23 穆壮荣 生物质颗粒气化燃烧器
CN102384467A (zh) * 2011-08-23 2012-03-21 金世一 颗粒燃料旋流燃烧器
CN102818256A (zh) * 2012-09-18 2012-12-12 曾巨泓 生物质成型颗粒气化燃烧的燃烧器
CN103251124A (zh) * 2013-05-17 2013-08-21 王伟 一种利用生物质燃料燃烧的烤烟房
EP3236151A1 (de) * 2016-04-21 2017-10-25 Prisma Stufe Srl Biomasseofen, insbesondere für pellets, mit automatischem betrieb
WO2017164530A3 (ko) * 2016-03-21 2018-08-02 김성우 다종 고체연료 연소기

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2534093A1 (de) * 1975-07-30 1977-04-21 Konus Kessel Waermetech Einrichtung zum erwaermen einer gegen ueberhitzung zu schuetzenden waermeuebertragungsfluessigkeit
US4017254A (en) * 1975-12-15 1977-04-12 S. J. Agnew Recirculating furnace-dryer combination
DE2935494A1 (de) * 1979-09-03 1981-03-19 Saxlund, geb. Eriksen, Astrid Alice, 3040 Soltau Verfahren und vorrichtung zum betreiben einer kesselanlage mit stokerfeuerung
FR2586086A1 (fr) * 1985-08-07 1987-02-13 Elf Aquitaine Dispositif de combustion de combustibles solides
DE9017669U1 (de) * 1990-05-04 1992-10-29 Diederichs, Hans-Joachim, 3304 Wendeburg Feuerungsvorrichtung

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
None *

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102252317A (zh) * 2011-05-10 2011-11-23 穆壮荣 生物质颗粒气化燃烧器
CN102252317B (zh) * 2011-05-10 2013-07-17 穆壮荣 生物质颗粒气化燃烧器
CN102384467A (zh) * 2011-08-23 2012-03-21 金世一 颗粒燃料旋流燃烧器
CN102384467B (zh) * 2011-08-23 2013-07-17 宁安森泰克再生能源技术开发有限公司 颗粒燃料旋流燃烧器
CN102818256A (zh) * 2012-09-18 2012-12-12 曾巨泓 生物质成型颗粒气化燃烧的燃烧器
CN103251124A (zh) * 2013-05-17 2013-08-21 王伟 一种利用生物质燃料燃烧的烤烟房
WO2017164530A3 (ko) * 2016-03-21 2018-08-02 김성우 다종 고체연료 연소기
US10890321B2 (en) 2016-03-21 2021-01-12 Seong Woo Kim Combustor for various types of solid fuels
EP3236151A1 (de) * 2016-04-21 2017-10-25 Prisma Stufe Srl Biomasseofen, insbesondere für pellets, mit automatischem betrieb

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2083215A3 (de) 2010-05-12
ITUD20080014A1 (it) 2009-07-25

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