EP2080837B1 - Lost plastic foam formwork for grounding boards for structures - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a permanent formwork made of plastic foam for foundation slabs of structures and an apparatus for performing the method. Foundation slabs are also referred to as floor slabs or foundation slabs.

Foundations are usually cast in concrete. In the most common form, a trench is dug in the ground to cast a strip foundation. So that not too much concrete must be used and for other reasons, the pit is boarded. In most cases, shuttering boards are used for formwork. The shuttering boards must be removed after pouring the concrete.
But it is also known to use plastic foam for the foundation formwork. For this purpose, U-shaped constructions have been proposed, which are placed in the pit / trench and poured out. The plastic foam remains as lost formwork. This construction has not yet prevailed.

According to another known proposal insulation boards are used as formwork and struck for holding the building boards pegs in the ground. The pegs are in the classic sense of oversized nails with a head and a tip as is common on nails. However, this known concept also includes any rod material if necessary. Without a head and / or without a tip. Reinforcing steel with sufficient thickness / diameter is preferably used. Sufficient thicknesses / diameters can already be 5 mm, depending on the length. Preferred thicknesses / diameters are 10 mm and more.
Reinforcing steel is available on every construction site. Even with thicknesses / diameters up to 30 mm, tips on the pegs are dispensable. Such pegs can still drive with a sledgehammer in the ground.
The length of the pegs is arbitrary. For example, the length can be matched to a plate width. With conventional plate width of 600 mm must still measure the plate width be added, with which the pegs must be driven into the ground. Depending on the nature of the soil, the measure is different. The correct measure does not have to be predetermined. It is advantageous to use a peg with oversize and to separate the protruding end with a wire cutter after detecting sufficient support in the ground.
It is also possible to arrange several plates one above the other. Then the measure of pegs lengthens.
Even with stacked plates a formwork of 100cm is usually not exceeded. However, this does not exclude that the plates are at least partially also supplied with smaller width (less than 600 mm to 200 mm) at the site. The smaller-width plates then have the task of completing the standard-width plates and making it unnecessary to cut the plates at the construction site.
The plate width can also be chosen so that results in a uniform plate width the desired formwork height.

Optionally, there are guides for the pegs in and / or on the insulation boards. The guides can be molded into the plastic foam or attached separately to the foam. Milling is suitable for incorporating the guides, eg with a ball cutter / profile cutter.
It can also be cut over the plate width with a heating wire, the guide. The heating wire is a thin, tensioned wire, which melts the foam locally with a corresponding temperature limited to the wire, so that forms a slot in the feed direction of the wire. Depending on the wire movement creates a contour slot. In detail, the heating wire is first brought into position by the plate surface and then moved so that the movement describes a cylinder jacket within the plastic foam. After the completion of the movement, the wire is expediently pulled out of the insulating board on the same path on which it has been positioned.
The process is repeated at the desired intervals on the insulation boards, preferably at least twice on each insulation board, so that the insulation board is fixed independently of the connection of the plates with each other in two points.

Optionally, pipes are also attached to the plates as guides. The tubes may be glued or welded or otherwise secured to the plates.

Suitable are thin plastic tubes made of the simplest material eg recycled material, because only a short-term load is to be borne.
The wall thickness of the tubes can be 0.5 to 3 mm.

Instead of the pipe profiles can be attached. The profiles may have U-shaped cross-section and be connected with their free ends blunt with the foam sheets. The U-shaped profile may also be bent at the free ends of the webs, so that a larger contact surface of the profile webs is formed on the foam plate.

The externally molded or fixed guides may be limited to sections, e.g. on two sections, each of which is attached to a plate edge.

The guides can also be formed by laminated / glued foils forming loops at desired intervals on the outside of the plates, through which the pegs can be driven.
The guides ensure that the pegs bear on their entire, protruding from the ground length. This contributes significantly to the dimensional accuracy of the formwork.

For larger nail lengths, the nail ends can be connected at the top. The connection increases the stability of the construction. It can be used by nails with a small thickness / diameter.
The connection can be made by means of wire, as used to connect concrete mats with each other and with bars.
However, it is also possible to use reinforcing bars whose ends are bent over. The reinforcing bars are indeed oversized, because the strength of the reinforcing bars exceeds the load case by a large multiple. However, the concrete steels result in considerable handling advantages that overcompensate the disadvantage of over-dimensioning. Namely, the reinforcing bars can be prepared by machine and delivered to the site. The installation of the prepared reinforcing bars requires only a few seconds, while the wiring of the pegs a multiple of working hours result.

For the well-known older formwork, the use of plates with tongue and groove at the joints is advantageous because there is no concrete leaking. Even a stepped rebate at the joints may be sufficient.
At corners, the plates can be stumped. That is, one end of the plate is butted against the side of the other plate. Both abutment surfaces have a factory training that is straight. At the shock is regularly a harmful leakage of concrete not to be feared.
However, if there is a desire for a miter cut corners and edges, the cut must be stirred regularly at the site. The quality of cut is then low and fear of concrete leakage when the concrete is very thin. In such a case, the corner can be bordered. The border can be a foil or a corner profile. The attachment of the enclosure can be done with adhesive, by welding or by mechanical means. If necessary, the guides and / or the pegs can be used for the mechanical fastening. If necessary. The borders can be pushed with a piping into the guides.

For years, even a lost formwork has been used for the production of foundation slabs. In the beginning, the foundation slabs were preferably used for unsafe soil such as in mining regions or in earthquake regions. The foundation plates should withstand earth subsidence. Accordingly, the foundation plates must be reinforced.
In addition, foundation slabs were used as part of sinks that were used to build hazardous areas in groundwater.
Particularly large is the scope of application for buildings that are built without a basement. That can have different reasons. As far as the foundation plates are within the influence of frost, a frost apron for the floor panels is appropriate.

Usually, such foundation plates are erected on prepared ground. The subsoil is given the necessary load-bearing capacity, provided it does not have sufficient load-bearing capacity. Because the foundation plate distributes the building load over a comparatively large area, the demands on the load-bearing capacity of the subsoil are not very high in comparison with a load transfer via foundations into the ground.

Furthermore, the surface texture requirement is usually not very high. Usually, a smoothing layer on the surface of the substrate is sufficient. Elaborate is regularly securing the foundation plate against moisture, especially if the foundation plate is located in a water-endangered area. It can be rising damp as well as groundwater. Usually, a drain layer under the foundation plate together with a sealing film is provided as a protection against moisture.

On foundation plates is also a protective layer of plastic foam, especially polystyrene foam known. The plastic foam is laid in plates before the foundation plates are poured on it. The plates can have a surprisingly low strength because of the load distribution through the foundation plate. The density of polystyrene foam boards is determined by their density. In most applications, a density of up to 50kg per cubic meter is sufficient.

From the DE 19652141 are floor panels for air conditioned large lounges. The floor slabs should be provided on the front side with an insulation made of hard foam. The document is concerned with an insulation or the insulating effect. It is not apparent that the insulation should be used as formwork during concreting. Even if the insulation has been used in casting the concrete into the formwork, this does not go beyond the known prior art. The film shown in this document gives no new solution

The WO 00/61879 shows moldings as formwork. The moldings are T-shaped in cross section. However, the T-shape does not exist from the beginning. Originally, the molded part has a U-shape with a projection on the bottom. The depression in the molding is intended to receive concrete. After solidification of the concrete, the outer leg of the molding is cut off and positioned in front of the molding in the ground. The concrete is thereby released.
Various limbs of the molding are stabilized by potting and reinforcing means 13, 24 and 27 prior to potting the concrete. This corresponds to the older prior art explained above.
In addition, this document does not show separate feet and no formwork wall composed of plates.

The object of the invention has been found to improve the formwork for foundation slabs made of concrete.
This is achieved with the features of the main claim. The subclaims show preferred embodiments of the invention.
Although the invention also uses shuttering panels made of plastic foam. Incidentally, however, the invention takes a different route than the foundation formwork described above.
At the same time, it should be noted that from the DE9421635U1 an edge formwork for foundation slabs is known. Plastic foam boards with a thickness of 150mm, a width of 1000mm and a length of 2400mm are used as base plates and placed flat on the ground. In the base plates grooves are incorporated, which are absorbed edge beams. The edge beams are to form a shuttering edge for the foundation plate during their production from concrete.
The base plates and the edge bars should be EPS. This is particle foam, whose foam particles are usually connected together in a form to large blocks and then sliced. For connection, the particles are heated with hot steam on the surface so far that the particles can weld together under pressure.
This material is porous. It is easily penetrated by the concrete water. This drastically reduces the insulating properties of the plates.
In addition, according to the concept of DE9421635U1 Excess water can drain through openings in the structure. The effluent water and the invading

Concrete cause significant buoyancy forces in the known plates / beam construction. In contrast, a known attachment with pegs should help.
In addition, the openings, through which excess water should drain, at the same time holes through which moisture can penetrate again.
The above disadvantages have led to that from the DE9421635U1 known solution has found in practice no known application.

• a)zwischen dem Beton und dem Kunststoffschaum ist eine Foliendichtung vorgesehen. Die Foliendichtung verhindert ein Eindringen von Beton in Schalungsfugen und in die Schalungsteile bzw. in die unter der Gründungsplatte vorgesehenen Kunststoffschaumplatten Die Foliendichtung wird auf den zwischen der Schalung vorgesehenen Platten ausgelegt und bis zur Schalung geführt und an der Schalung so weit hoch gezogen, bis mindestens eine der Betonsäule gleiche Höhe erreicht wird. Mit der Folie kann eine geschlossene Wanne erzeugt werden, die den Beton für die Sohlplatte oder Fundamentplatte aufnimmt, ein Eindringen dünnflüssigen Betons in Ritzen und Fugen verhindert wie auch die Belastung der Sohlplatte bzw. Fundamentplatte durch aufsteigende Feuchtigkeit verhindert.
• b)die unterhalb der Foliendichtung liegenden Schalungsteile und Kunststoffschaumplatten bleiben der Feuchtigkeit des Erdreiches ausgesetzt. Durch Verwendung von geschlossenzelligem, extrudiertem Polystyrolschaum ist der Einfluß der Erdfeuchtigkeit jedoch vernachlässigbar. Wahlweise kann die Schalung auch durch eine außen liegende Dichtungsfolie vor aufsteigender Feuchtigkeit geschützt werden.
• c)als Schalungsplatten werden Platten mit einer im Mittel größeren Dicke als bei dem bekannten Vorschlag verwendet. Während die Untergrenze bei der bekannten Fundamentschalung bei 30mm und im Mittel bei 60 mm liegt, beträgt die Untergrenze nach der Erfindung mindestens 80mm, vorzugsweise mindestens 100mm, noch weiter bevorzugt 120mm und höchst bevorzugt 150mm. Wahlweise kommen auch Dicken von 300mm und mehr nach der Erfindung in Betracht.
  Aus der DE9421635U1 sind zwar auch Fundamentschalungen bekannt, bei denen Kunststoffschaumplatten zu der Schalung zusammengesetzt werden. Bei dieser Druckschrift sind jedoch Stifte und Widerhaken als Befestigungsmittel für die Platten vorgesehen. Es ist auch eine Abspannung der Schalungsteile vorgeseehen. Dies entspricht der eingangs erläuterten Technik.
• d)die erfindungsgemäßen Schalungsplatten werden im Unterschied zu der bekannten Schalungstechnik ohne Befestigung am Untergrund mit einem Fuß gehalten. Im Verhältnis zu der bekannten Schalungstechnik für Fundamente und Sohlplatten erscheint diese Lösung statisch zwar sehr viel ungünstiger. Dieser Nachteil wird aber durch andere Vorteile überkompensiert.
  Ein Vorteil ist, daß die Schalungsplatten auf einer größeren Länge, vorzugsweise auf der ganzen Länge gehalten werden können, so daß die Gefahr des Ausbeulens beseitigt ist. Dies ist Im Unterschied zu der Erfindung gibt die bekannte Fundamentschalung den Dämmplatten nur in verhältnismäßig großen Abständen mit den Stangen einen Halt. Bei der bekannten Fundamentschalung führt das unter Last zu einer deutlichen Ausbeulung. Abgesehen von der Unansehnlichkeit der Beulen führt das zu der Gefahr, daß sich an Plattenstößen, insbesondere an den Ecken mehr oder weniger große Spalte auftun.
• dd)Vorzugsweise findet ein separater Fuß Anwendung, in den die Schalungsplatten eingesetzt werden. Dabei können die Schalungsplatten mit den Längsseiten oder mit den Stirnseiten in den Fuß eingesetzt werden. Der Fuß ist mit einer entsprechenden Aufnahme versehen, Wahlweise ist die Aufnahme geeignet unterschiedliche Schalungsplatten aufzunehmen.
• e)Wahlweise besitzt der Fuß eine U-Form, so daß er die aufrecht stehenden Schalungsplatten an deren unterem Rand umfassen und dadurch ein seitliches Ausbeulen verhindern kann. Dazu reicht im Prinzip bereits ein geringes Umfassungsmaß/Überlappungsmaß aus. Vorzugsweise ist jedoch ein Umfassungsmaß/Überlappungsmaß von mindestens 50mm, noch weiter bevorzugt ein Umfassungsmaß von mindestens 75mm und höchst bevorzugt von 100mm vorgesehen. Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Umfassungsmaß/überlappungsmaß entsteht eine Verbindung der verschiedenen Schalungsplatten zu einer Schalungswand.
  Eine Fundamentplatte/Sohlplatte besitzt vorzugsweise am gesamten Umfang eine Schalung. Die zugehörigen Schalungswände stabilisieren sich gegenseitig.
  Außerdem trägt der Fuß zur Kippsicherheit bei.
  Eine besondere Sicherungswirkung entsteht durch einen ausladenden Fuß.
  Vorzugsweise wird die erfindungsgemäße Ausladung durch Winkel/Stege an dem Fuß erreicht, die sich im Querschnitt des Fußes seitlich erstrecken.
  Vorzugsweise ist mindestens betonseitig/fundamentplattenseitig/sohlplattenseitig ein sich Winkel/Steg/Rand vorgesehen. Dieser Winkel/Steg/Rand wird von der oben beschriebenen Folie überdeckt, so daß der Beton nicht unter den Winkel/Steg/Rand fließen kann bzw. sich nur auf dem Winkel/Steg/Rand Beton aufbauen kann. Dieser Beton wirkt vorteilhafterweise mit seinem Gewicht zur Kippsicherheit einem Kippen des nach außen drückenden Betons entgegen..
  Zwar findet sich in der DE9421635U1 auch eine U-Form, in welche die Kantbalken eingebettet werden. Damit ist jedoch keine erfindungsgemäße Kippsicherheit und Standsicherheit erreicht, weil die Platten/Balken bei dieser Lösung auf eindringendem Wasser/Beton aufschwimmen. Dies soll durch die bei der bekannten Lösung vorgesehene Befestigung im Erdreich verhindert werden.
  Gegenüber diesem Stand der Technik werden die Füße bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung gegen eindringenden und unterlaufenden Beton geschützt.
  Je breiter der Rand, je länger der Winkel bzw. Steg, desto größer ist der Hebel, mit dem der auf dem Winkel/Steg/Rand lastende Beton die Schalung gegen Kippen sichert. Vorzugsweise ist der Fuß mit einem verhältnismäßig breiten Rand versehen, der von dem vorgesehenen Beton belastet wird, so daß der Beton ein beachtliches Gegenmoment gegen Kippen der Fundamentschalung entwickelt. Dabei ist der betonseitig gegenüber der Schalungsplatte vorstehende Winkel/Steg/Rand des Fußes hinsichtlich seiner Länge mindestens gleich der halben(0,5fachen) Dicke der Gründungsplatte und damit mindestens gleich der halben Höhe der Betonsäulenhöhe. Noch weiter bevorzugt ist die Breite des betonseitig vorstehenden Winkels/Steges/Randes mindestens gleich dem 0,75fachen der Dicke der Gründungsplatte bzw. mindestens gleich dem 0,75fachen der Betonsäulenhöhe. Höchst bevorzugt ist der vorstehende Winkel/Steg/Rand mindestens gleich der 0,9fachen Dicke der Gründungsplatte und damit mindestens gleich der 0,9fachen Höhe der
  Der mit erfindungsgemäßen Abmessungen an der Schalung entstehende Mehraufwand wird durch eine Einsparung bei der unter der Gründungsplatte vorgesehenen Kunststoffschaumschicht weitgehend kompensiert.
  Im Verhältnis zu der aus der DE9421635U1 bekannten Lösung besteht in der Regel kein Anlaß, eine Randdicke zu überschreiten, die gleich der Höhe der Betonsäule ist. Außerdem werden bei der Erfindung Erdnägel entbehrlich, wie sie nach dem Stand der Technik vorgesehen sind.
  Vorzugsweise wird auch dadurch ein beachtliches Gegenmoment am Fuß der Schalung erzeugt, daß der betonseitige Rand der Schalung mit anderen betonseitig und zwischen den Schalungswänden verlegten Kunststoffschaumplatten in einen Verbund gebracht wird. Bereits ein Stufenfalz zwischen den Füßen und den zwischen Schalungswänden verlegten Kunststoffschaumplatten bewirkt einen Verbund.
  Ein besonders vorteilhafter Verbund entsteht mit einer Nut- und Federverbindung zwischen den Füßen und den Platten.
• f)vorzugsweise sind darüber hinaus an den Schalungsecken winkelförmige oder kreuzförmige Füße vorgesehen. Die winkelförmigen oder kreuzförmigen Füße bilden an den Ecken eine U-förmige Umfassung am unteren Rand der Schalungsplatten, so daß die Schalungsplatten auch an diesen kritischen Stellen vorteilhaft gehalten werden. Aufgabe der winkelförmigen und/oder kreuzförmigen Füße ist zudem, eine möglichst rationelle Schalung für die Gründungsplatte zu schaffen. Dabei ist günstig, wenn die an den Ecken vorgesehenen Füße mit den oben beschriebenen Anschlüssen für alle Ecken verwendbar sind.
  Bei rechteckiger Gründungsplatte ergeben sich an allen Ecken gleiche Winkel. Das erleichtert die universelle Verwendbarkeit der Eckfüße bzw. Kreuzfüße.
  Bei Gründungsplatten/Sohlplatten mit kompliziertem Grundstücks- und Bauwerkszuschnitt kann sich die Notwendigkeit zu Spezialfüßen an einer oder mehreren Ecken ergeben.

The invention goes as follows:

• a) between the concrete and the plastic foam a film seal is provided. The film seal prevents the penetration of concrete in formwork joints and in the formwork parts or in the provided under the foundation plate plastic foam plates The film seal is laid out on the provided between the formwork panels and led to the formwork and pulled on the formwork so far up to at least one the concrete column is reached the same height. With the film, a closed tray can be created, which receives the concrete for the sole plate or foundation plate, prevents penetration of thin concrete in cracks and joints as well as the burden of the sole plate or base plate prevented by rising moisture.
• b) lying below the film seal formwork parts and plastic foam panels remain exposed to the moisture of the soil. By using closed-cell, extruded polystyrene foam, however, the influence of soil moisture is negligible. Optionally, the formwork can also be protected from rising damp by an external sealing foil.
• c) as formwork panels plates are used with an average greater thickness than in the known proposal. While the lower limit in the known foundation formwork is 30 mm and on average 60 mm, the lower limit according to the invention is at least 80 mm, preferably at least 100 mm, even more preferably 120 mm and most preferably 150 mm. Optionally, also thicknesses of 300mm and more according to the invention come into consideration.
  From the DE9421635U1 Although foundation formwork are known in which plastic foam panels are assembled to the formwork. In this document However, pins and barbs are provided as fastening means for the plates. It is also provided a bracing of the formwork parts. This corresponds to the technique explained in the introduction.
• d) the formwork panels according to the invention are held in contrast to the known formwork technology without attachment to the ground with one foot. In relation to the known formwork technology for foundations and floor slabs, this solution appears statically much less favorable. This disadvantage is overcompensated by other advantages.
  One advantage is that the formwork panels can be kept to a greater length, preferably along the entire length, eliminating the risk of buckling. This is In contrast to the invention, the known foundation formwork gives the insulation boards only in relatively large distances with the rods a hold. In the known foundation formwork leads under load to a significant bulge. Apart from the unsightliness of the bumps that leads to the danger that open up more or less large gaps at plate joints, especially at the corners.
• dd) Preferably, a separate foot is used, in which the formwork panels are used. The formwork panels can be used with the long sides or with the end faces in the foot. The foot is provided with a corresponding receptacle, optionally, the recording is suitable to accommodate different formwork panels.
• e) Optionally, the foot has a U-shape so that it can comprise the upright shuttering panels at their lower edge and thereby prevent lateral buckling. In principle, this already suffices for a small degree of encompassing / overlapping. Preferably, however, a Umfassungsmaß / Überlappungsmaß of at least 50mm, more preferably a Umfassungsmaß of at least 75mm and most preferably 100mm is provided. With the encircling measure / overlapping measure according to the invention, a connection of the different shuttering panels to a formwork wall is created.
  A foundation plate / sole plate preferably has a formwork on the entire circumference. The associated formwork walls stabilize each other.
  In addition, the foot contributes to the tipping security.
  A special safety effect is created by a protruding foot.
  Preferably, the projection according to the invention is achieved by angles / webs on the foot, which extend laterally in the cross section of the foot.
  Preferably, an angle / web / edge is provided at least on the concrete side / foundation plate side / sole plate side. This angle / web / edge is covered by the film described above, so that the concrete can not flow under the angle / web / edge or can only build on the angle / web / edge concrete. This concrete counteracts advantageously with its weight to prevent tilting of the outwardly pressing concrete ..
  Although found in the DE9421635U1 also a U-shape, in which the cant beams are embedded. Thus, however, no tilting safety and stability of the invention is achieved because the plates / beams float in this solution to penetrating water / concrete. This should be prevented by the provided in the known solution attachment in the ground.
  Compared to this prior art, the feet are protected in the inventive solution against penetrating and underflowing concrete.
  The wider the edge, the longer the angle or web, the larger the lever with which the concrete bearing on the angle / web / edge secures the formwork against tilting. Preferably, the foot is provided with a relatively wide rim, which is loaded by the intended concrete, so that the concrete develops a considerable counter-torque against tilting of the foundation formwork. In this case, the concrete side facing the formwork panel projecting angle / web / edge of the foot is at least equal to half (0.5 times) thickness of the foundation plate and thus at least equal to half the height of the concrete column height in terms of its length. Even more preferably, the width of the concrete side projecting angle / web / edge is at least equal to 0.75 times the thickness of the foundation plate or at least equal to 0.75 times the concrete column height. Most preferably, the protruding angle / land / edge is at least equal to 0.9 times the thickness of the foundation plate and thus at least 0.9 times the height of the
  The resulting with the invention dimensions of the formwork overhead is largely compensated by a saving in the provided under the foundation plate plastic foam layer.
  In relation to that from the DE9421635U1 known solution is usually no reason to exceed an edge thickness equal to the height of the concrete column. Furthermore become in the invention dispensable pegs, as provided in the prior art.
  Preferably, a considerable counter-momentum is thereby generated at the foot of the formwork, that the concrete-side edge of the formwork is brought into a composite with other concrete side and laid between the formwork walls plastic foam sheets. Already a stepped rebate between the feet and the plastic foam panels laid between formwork walls causes a bond.
  A particularly advantageous composite arises with a tongue and groove connection between the feet and the plates.
• f) are preferably also provided on the formwork corners angle-shaped or cross-shaped feet. The angular or cross-shaped feet form at the corners of a U-shaped enclosure at the bottom of the formwork panels, so that the formwork panels are kept advantageous even at these critical points. Task of the angular and / or cross-shaped feet is also to create a rational as possible formwork for the foundation plate. It is advantageous if the provided at the corners feet can be used with the connections described above for all corners.
  With a rectangular foundation plate, the same angles result at all corners. This facilitates the universal usability of the corner feet or cross feet.
  For foundation slabs / slabs with complex slabs of land and building, the need for special feet at one or more corners may arise.

Preferably, the formwork according to the invention is first set up to determine the edge of the foundation plate and then the foam panels are laid between the formwork, which are provided in the manner described above below the foundation plate. It is advantageous
if the feet are prepared at the angle / web / edge on the concrete side with shiplap or with tongue and groove connection
and even if the between the formwork to be laid plastic foam panels are provided with the same connections or the same edge surfaces.
Such connections are beneficial to the bumps between the feet.
It is also favorable if the thickness of the feet corresponds to the thickness of the remaining foam plates provided under the foundation plate.

Optionally, the feet according to the invention are intended for receiving the same or different shuttering panels.

The inclusion of different formwork panels is optionally achieved in that the inclusion is designed in the foot on the largest connection dimension of the different formwork panels. As far as shuttering panels are used with a smaller connection size in the foot, so there is a cavity in the foot, which is filled according to the invention with a fitting. That is, the size difference between the largest connection dimension different formwork panels is compensated with a fitting.

Optionally, different formwork panels can be provided with a same connection to the foot.
This can be done in the case of formwork panels with Stufenfalz in that the different plates are provided on the connection side with an equal projection. While conventional plates with stepped rabbet have a central step, arise in the connection according to the invention off-center stages. This can be achieved in the case of the production of Stufenfalzes on the formwork panels by milling with appropriate control of the router. When using a computer-controlled tiller, the programming may include various off-center connections, so that only the desired thickness / shape of the shiplap must be entered into the controller to make a different connection or other shiplap.
Preferably, the formwork panels are produced in multiple layers for the production of different formwork panels. In this case, preferably a production by gluing comes into play, as in the EP 1213118.7-2307 is described.
This results in a modification of this method insofar as all the different formwork panels have the same position for connection to the foot. That is, with the same position, a projection is formed with which the shuttering panels engage in the receiving / opening of the foot.
In addition, the projection is so long that the enclosure of the formwork panels described above is ensured.

With the same web or projection differently thick shuttering panels can be inserted into the foot.
Optionally, groups of plates are provided, each group is assigned a particular bridge or projection. Then, different feet are provided according to the number of groups. In this case, an extensive stockpiling is unnecessary if the feet are made only after the formwork request.

Optionally, a special foot is also provided for each formwork panel thickness. Then it is advantageous if shuttering panels are received and held even without web or projection of the feet according to the invention.

The fittings described above are not locking pieces, as shown in the DE9421635U1 are known. The fittings are used for thickness compensation, optionally also the width compensation or the length compensation.

The enclosure described above is preferably connected to a press fit for the formwork panels in the foot. Press fit is equivalent to an oversize of the formwork panels opposite the receiving / opening in the foot. The oversize is given when the formwork panel can not be pushed without deformation in the recording / opening of the foot. The compliance of the formwork panels can also be used to go to the receiving / opening of the foot with an oversize of, for example, to 0.5mm or to 1mm or to 1.5mm or to 2mm at the formwork panels. Preferably, the oversize is applied depending on the nature of the plastic foam and / or depending on the thickness of the plates.
In this case, preferably a smaller excess with harder foam than with softer foam application. Preferably, a lesser oversize is also applied to thinner shuttering panels / terminals than to thicker formwork panels / terminals.

The strength of the formwork panels and the feet and the plates provided between the feet under the foundation plate are adapted to the castile load and the concrete pressure. The concrete pressure acts in different directions, both perpendicular to the formwork and vertically on the feet and provided under the foundation plates plastic foam sheets.
In the situation hard foam boards, in particular polystyrene foam boards are of advantage.

The plastic foam boards are adapted to the respective load.
The strength of the hard foam depends on the number and shape of the cell walls of the hard foam and on the thickness of the cell walls of the foam.
The strength of the polystyrene foam is at least 15 kpa for the formwork panels, more preferably at least 25 kpa (kilopascals).

The strength for the feet is preferably not more than 40%, more preferably not more than 20% less than the strength of the other, provided under the foundation plate or sole plate plastic foam sheets. Most preferably, the strength of the feet is the same as for the otherwise provided under the foundation plate or sole plate plastic foam sheets. Their strength is adapted to the respective building load. Plastic foam boards with a strength of 300 kpa or 500 kpa or 700 kpa can be used.

In another variant of the invention, it does not depend on the interference fit, because a compression is provided with a separate element. Preferably, the separate Elelement of at least one wedge, preferably of two wedges, one of which is a wedge on the bottom of the receiving / opening in the foot and the other wedge is pressed from above into the receptacle, so that a compression takes place. In that case, it is favorable if one wedge always has the same shape and if the other wedge is attached to the remaining gap.
Optionally, a wedge can also be formed by a wall of the foot.
So that it does not come to an excessive pressure and thus to an excessive load on the foot, it is advantageous to control the pressing force. Preferably, this is done by the way a wedge travels into the receptacle. The correct way results from the above-described desired or permissible oversize and the wedge geometry. The oversize is synonymous with wedge thickening. That is, based on the wedge cross-sectional area, each wedge thickening of 0.5 mm or 1 mm or 1.5 mm or 2 mm can be assigned to a specific line on the wedge surface. The right line can be identified. Preferably, the wedge surface is provided with a field of lines. On the basis of the line field, it is easily possible for a skilled craftsman to produce the necessary pressure when the wedge is pressed down and at the same time to ensure that the permissible pressure is not exceeded.

In both variants, an additional gluing is optionally provided. Particularly suitable for bonding are hot-melt adhesives or polyurethane adhesives. The glue facilitates and improves the connection between the foot and the shuttering panels.
Alternatively, the bond can also form the sole connection between the foot and the formwork panels. In this case, the adhesive is particularly suitable in the form of polyurethane foam adhesive to fill a gap between the formwork panels and their enclosure in the recording of the foot. Such a gap is formed when the same web or projection can be in known per se manufacture of formwork panels of several superimposed and interconnected (in particular glued) output plates also produce that for generating the projection at the point at which the web or projection on the formwork panel is to emerge, an output plate of the same thickness as the desired web or projection is used.
This output plate then has either a necessary for the web or projection excess over the other output plates. Or the intended for the web or projection output plate is offset from the other plates arranged. On the way also conventional plastic foam boards with shiplap or tongue and groove connection are made. That is, it is favorable if the foot according to the invention can accommodate such standard plates by appropriate opening width. This has the additional advantage that standard panels for perimeter insulation of the building can be connected to the formwork panels for the foundation slab. The Perimeterdämmung is the insulation, which is used in the basement area or other ground-contacting building areas application.

The feet of the invention are made in one piece or assembled from several parts. In one-piece production, a foam sheet is used, which is machined to the desired shape or sawn and milled until the desired shape is achieved. Optionally, the foot can also be made by using a mold by bringing the material provided for the foot into the mold to fill the mold.
Optionally, the feet according to the invention are also composed of profile pieces, which are cut to length and joined together, preferably glued or welded.

Preferably, the impact of two adjoining shuttering panels should always be spaced from the impact of two adjacent feet. It is favorable if the distance is at least always 100 mm, more preferably at least 200 mm. This can be achieved, for example, that although the lying between the corners feet have the same length as the formwork panel, but the corner feet have a different length. This can also be achieved in that the feet uniformly have a different length than the formwork panels, even in the plurality of consecutive feet always have a different length than the one behind the other in the formwork wall formwork panels.

The formwork according to the invention can serve as a basis and / or supplement for a known other building insulation or provide a necessary contribution to obtaining a degree of isolation as a so-called passive house (house with low energy consumption).

The formwork can be factory-prepared according to the dimensions of the construction site and supplied with a layout plan. The foundation plate has so much excess compared to the structure to be erected, that even the occurring inaccuracies in the installation of the formwork are harmless. This is especially true when using laser gauges for installation. With such gauges, the inaccuracies can be minimized. With such preparation, work on the formwork parts on the construction site can be avoided. This is equivalent to a significant reduction in effort, because the adjustment in the factory is much easier and more accurate. The layout plan can even begin at any point with the installation of plates and feet.

The shuttering panels are laid either horizontally or vertically. Preferably, there is a horizontal installation.
When laying horizontally, the width of the formwork panels is preferably equal to the thickness of the foundation slab or floor slab so that the fresh concrete can be removed using the formwork. The removal is then carried out with suitable profile bars, for example, with easy-to-handle aluminum profile bars, which are slidably moved on the upper edge of the formwork panels. Recesses in the concrete surface are thereby compensated and excess concrete removed.

In a standing arrangement, the length of the shuttering panels is adapted to the thickness of the foundation slab or floor slab.

As far as the formwork panels are not provided for stripping, preferably a width of 500 to 1000 mm and preferably a length of 1000 to 3000 mm are provided on the formwork panels.

In the drawing, several embodiments of the invention are shown.

Fig. 1 shows a foundation formwork in an overview.
The excavation for a foundation plate is shown in dash-dotted lines and designated 1. The brine of the excavated space 1 is with a thin smoothing layer 6 made of concrete, in the exemplary embodiment in known
Dry (low-moisture) execution, provided. The smoothing layer forms a support for feet 4 and a corner foot 3. The feet 3 and 4 are intended for a shuttering wall 2.

By placing feet, corner feet and shuttering panels, the formwork wall is continued until a formwork wall is formed, which encloses the planned foundation plate. Subsequently, the foam plates provided under the foundation plate are laid. A film is laid over it. The film is dimensioned so that it completely covers the interior enclosed by the shuttering wall interior and beyond can still be pulled up to the formwork. This causes a seal of the interior.
Optionally, the film is composed of film webs, which are laid overlapping and glued together there.

Thereafter, a concrete of conventional quality for a foundation plate is filled. When filling the concrete prevents a correspondingly large footprint of the feet tipping the shuttering walls. The inside width of the feet causes a Betonauflast on the feet, which prevents tipping.
After curing of the concrete, the formwork remains as a permanent formwork for thermal insulation of the foundation plate and the room 1 is backfilled, as far as the room is still open.

Above the floor slab a basement is being built; in the embodiment above residential floors for a residential building.

Between the feet 4 are shocks 7 and 8. In the embodiment, the abutting surfaces and contact surfaces are flat. In other embodiments, the feet 3 and 4 engage each other with a shiplap or with a tongue and groove connection.

The feet 3 and 4 are also above, centrally provided with a U-shaped recess. Formwork panels 5 sit in the recess.
The shuttering panels have a smooth and straight surface at the upper edge in the embodiment. In other embodiments, there is provided a shiplap or a tongue and groove connection for connecting a Perimeterdämmung. The Perimeterdämmung is provided outside the basement and consists of similar plates.
In an embodiment with a building without a basement formwork panels at the same time form a connection to a facade insulation of similar plates.

However, the shuttering panels have at the contact surfaces, with which they abut each other in the formwork wall 2, a shiplap. In other embodiments, a tongue and groove connection is provided, which gives the formwork wall more stability.

The Fig. 2 to 4 show a single view with another foot and a shuttering panel 5. The foot consists of an elongated bottom plate 10 of extruded polystyrene foam and two equal length and equal thickness, but much narrower plates 11 made of polystyrene foam. The two plates 11 are glued in the embodiment with the bottom plate 10. In other embodiments, a plate 11 and the associated bottom plate 10 is the same part milled from Kunststoffschaummailail or made in a mold. The mold has a mold cavity which is modeled on the desired foot. In the mold plastic melt is filled, which is mixed with propellant. The plastic melt foams and is cooled in the foamed state, so that the foamed melt solidifies and the desired foot is formed. This is called spray foaming.
Alternatively, plastic foam particles can be filled into the mold and charged with hot steam, so that the particles are softened on the surface and welded together under existing pressure. This technique is preferred Particles made of polystyrene foam. The resulting moldings are then called "consisting of EPP".

The two plates 11 are spaced so that the shuttering panel 5 can be inserted in the embodiment with little play between the plates 11.
In the exemplary embodiment, the game is a maximum of 1 mm. In other embodiments, a clearance is preferably provided to 0.6mm, more preferably to 0.3mm.
In other embodiments, a game greater than 1mm is provided. The greater the clearance, the more the formwork panels in the foot can deflect under the pressure of liquid concrete, and the more difficult it becomes to make an accurate foundation panel with the formwork panels. In the frame also difficulties are taken into account when the formwork panel are also used to peel off the cast for the foundation slab concrete.

In other embodiments, an interference fit between the shuttering plate 5 and the plates 11 is provided. The interference fit creates a more extensive connection or an overall construction with some strength.
For a press fit of hard foam compounds a small amount is sufficient, for example, to 0.5 mm, preferably to 0.3 mm, more preferably 0.1 mm.

For the strength of the overall construction, it is favorable if the plates 11 are offset transversely to the longitudinal direction and longitudinally on the bottom plate 10. This creates a stepped rebate on both sides as well as on both narrow sides. The shiplap is in Fig. 2 can be seen on the lower longitudinal side in the view and denoted by 12. There, the plate 11 is located opposite the side of the bottom plate 10 back. The stepped rebate on the opposite longitudinal side is in the Fig. 3 shown. There, the plate 11 protrudes with respect to the longitudinal side of the bottom plate 10.
Furthermore, the stepped rebate is visible in the view on the right narrow side and designated 14. In this case, the plate 11 protrudes with respect to the end face of the bottom plate 10.
The stepped rebate on the opposite narrow side is in Fig. 4 shown. There, the plate 11 is opposite the end face of the bottom plate 10 back.
The Stufenfalz on the concrete side edge of the feet is used to connect other foam boards of the same thickness, which are also provided with a shiplap and top described manner to fill the enclosed by the formwork wall interior.

Also the shiplap of shuttering panels 5 is in Fig. 2 shown and designated there with 13.

Fig. 5 shows a Eckfuß with a bottom plate 20 in the form of a right angle and a glued thereto outer and further angle plate 21 in the form of a right angle and an adhered thereto inner and another angle plate 22 in the form of a right angle.
In another exemplary embodiment, the corner foot is milled or injection-molded with the same shape or the corner foot consists of EPP or comparable particles.
The two angle plates 21 and 22 have the same distance to each other as the plates 11 according to the embodiment 2 to 4 for shuttering panels. 5
To Fig. 5 is the angle plate 21 relative to the lower front surface of the bottom plate 20 as well as opposite to in the view Fig. 5 left surface of the bottom plate 20 reset. As a result, a stepped rebate is formed on the lower front surface as well as on the left surface.
The inner angle plate 22, however, projects the associated surfaces of the bottom plate 20. This also creates a stepped rebate.

In other embodiments, instead of the right angle in adaptation to the dimension of the respective building results in a different angle.

The Figure 6 shows a cross foot, which is also used as a corner foot and is suitable for rectangular corners without modification at each corner.
The crossfoot can occupy the same position at each corner as at other corners. This is based on the consideration to enter into a composite with the provided in the interior of the formwork plastic foam panels. These plates are provided for a shiplap on two abutting edge surfaces with a lower, falzbildenden protrusion and on the remaining two edge surfaces with a corresponding and upper fold-forming projection. These plates can be brought advantageously in any direction in a composite. All plates take the same position to each other. Into the system are the cross feet.

The crossfoot after Fig. 6 consists of a cross-shaped base plate 30, two bonded angle plates 33 and 34 and two plates 35th
In other embodiments, the foot is in turn spray-foamed or the foot again consists of EPP or comparable particles.

The plates 35 together with the lower legs of the angle plates 34 and 33 form a U-shaped recess. 32nd
The plates 35 also form with the upper legs of the angle plates 33 and 34 a U-shaped recess 31. Both U-shaped recesses 31 and 32 intersect and are intended for receiving formwork panels 5. In the exemplary embodiment, the cross-base is shown together with a shuttering plate 5 in the recess 31.

Fig. 7 shows another cross foot instead of the cross foot Fig. 6 ,
It also has this Kreuzfuß U-shaped recesses 42 and 43 for receiving shuttering panels. In this case, according to the glued plates 41 and 44 after Fig. 7 the plates 35 after Fig. 6 ,
In other embodiments, the foot is in turn spray-foamed or the foot again consists of EPP or comparable particles.

The angle plates 33 and 34 are shortened to plates 45 and 46th

The two cross feet after Fig. 6 and 7 are intended to receive the shuttering panels in their full width in the U-shaped recess.

Fig. 8 shows another Kreuzfuß 50, which extends from the Kreuzfuß after Fig. 7 differs in that the shuttering plate 51 engages with a web 52 in the U-shaped recess of the cross base 50. The projection technology makes it possible to obstruct shuttering panels of different thickness with these feet, as long as the shuttering panels show a bridge / projection of the same thickness.

Fig. 9 shows a foot 60 made of polystyrene foam for a shuttering plate 66 made of polystyrene foam. The formwork plate 66 is provided with tongue and groove. With the spring it engages in a groove 63 of the foot 60. At the top of the shuttering plate 66 is a dashed line Facade panel 64 shown connected, wherein the facade panel engages with a spring in the groove of the formwork panel 66.

The foot 60 continues into panels 61 of polystyrene foam which are intended to receive a concrete sole plate. So that the concrete can not flow in cracks, the top of the layer of the plates 61 is covered with a film 62. In this case, the film 62 is pulled laterally on the formwork splitter 66. The film 62 is provided at the edge with an adhesive strip, so that it can be connected to the shuttering plate 66 closing.
The plates 61 and the foot 60 engage each other with a shiplap.

To seal against rising damp, the plates 61 and the foot 60 rest on a seal 65.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 9 is an interference fit in the tongue and groove connection of foot 60 and shuttering plate 66 is provided.

Fig. 10 FIG. 11 shows another foot 70 extending from the foot 60 Fig. 9 characterized in that in the groove, an adhesive layer 71 made of polyurethane has been introduced immediately before inserting the formwork panel. The adhesive additionally effects a connection between foot 60 and shuttering panel 66.

In other embodiments, no interference fit and only the bond is provided.

Fig. 11 shows a foot 75 with a groove as the embodiments according to FIGS. 9 and 10 , The foot 75 is intended for a shuttering plate 76, which is provided at the edge with a stepped rebate. With the associated projection, the shuttering plate 76 engages in the groove of the foot 75. The projection is also narrower than the groove. This results in a cavity which is filled by a fitting 77.
In another, shown in dashed formwork panel results in a larger cavity, which is filled with a larger, partially shown in dashed Paßstück 79.
In another embodiment, a plurality of adjacently arranged fitting pieces are provided so that the fitting piece 77 could continue to be used and the additional cavity could be filled by the additional fitting.

Fig. 12 shows a foot 80 as the foot 75 for a shuttering plate 81 and a dot-dashed thinner shuttering plate 85. Instead of the fittings 77 and 79 are after Fig. 12 Wedges 82 and 83 and 86, respectively. The wedges 82 and 83 form elements for pressing the formwork plate 81 in the use of the foot 80. The compression takes place in that the wedge 82 is pressed down. The wedge 83 stands on the bottom of the groove during the pressing operation. Under the wedge 82 there is a cavity 84, which is smaller by pressing the wedge 82. When pressing only a small wedge movement takes place. In order for this movement to take place uniformly, the wedge 82 on the side facing the wedge 83 is provided with a field of lines extending in the longitudinal direction of the wedge 82, the foot 80 and the shuttering plate 81. The lines have only a distance of a few millimeters, so that it can be easily checked with the eye, whether the wedge 82 is pressed evenly.

Claims (26)

1. Lost formwork with formwork wall (2) of formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) for foundation plates, base plates and other foundation slabs (20) for buildings, wherein the foundation slabs are poured from concrete, and the formwork wall (2) forms the edge of the foundation slabs (20),
   characterised in that
   the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) are maintained with separate feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80),
   wherein a connection assembly is provided between the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) and the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80),
   wherein the thickness of the panels is at least 80mm,
   wherein the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80), at least at the foundation slab side, extend so far and are stressed with concrete as the concrete is poured for the foundation slab (20), such that, at least from the superimposed load, the formwork is prevented from yielding and shifting under the pressure of the liquid concrete,
   wherein the space at the concrete side between the feet (4, 50, 80, 70, 80) is laid out with foamed plastic panels (61), and
   wherein the concrete is poured onto a sealing film (62) that at least covers the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) of the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) and is hoisted up on the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) in order to prevent leakage of the concrete.
2. Formwork according to claim 1, characterised in that the sealing film (62) is hoisted up to the height of the liquid concrete column.
3. Formwork according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterised by a minimum panel thickness of 100mm, preferably 120mm and still more preferably 150mm.
4. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that additional foamed plastic panels (61) are provided under the concrete at the formwork panel side, wherein the additional foamed plastic panels (61) are connected with overlaps (12, 13, 14) or with a tongue and groove connection to the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) of the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85).
5. Formwork according to claim 4, characterised in that a seal against rising damp is provided under the additional foamed plastic panels (61) and/or under the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) of the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85).
6. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) enclose the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) transversely to the longitudinal direction by at least 50mm.
7. Formwork according to claim 6, characterised in that the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) preferably enclose the formwork panels (5,51,66,76,81,85) by at least 75mm, still more preferably by 100mm.
8. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised by corner feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) and/or cross feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) at the corners of the formwork.
9. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterised by single-piece or multi-piece feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80).
10. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterised by recesses in the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) so as to connect with the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) and which are matched to different formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85)
    and/or
    connections of the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) with the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85), in which the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) are inserted into recesses of the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80), wherein various different formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) possess the same connectors for the connection with the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80).
11. Formwork according to claim 10, characterised by recesses In the feet (4, 50, 80, 70, 80) whose opening width is greater than the width of the connectors of some formwork panels, wherein the thereby resulting cavities are filled in with adjustment pieces (77, 79).
12. Formwork according to claim 11, characterised by single-piece or multi-piece adjustment pieces (77, 79), wherein at least one of the adjustment pieces (77, 79) will be applicable to at least two different formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85).
13. Formwork according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterised by

    a) a play between the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) and the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) which is preferably up to 1mm, still more preferably up to 0.6mm and most preferably up to 0.3mm
    or

    b) a press fit between the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) and the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81,85)

    b) a press fit of the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) with a simultaneous adhesive bond between the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) and the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) or

    c) formwork elements and separate elements for pressing in the connection between the formwork elements and the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) or

    d) formwork elements and separate elements for pressing in the connection between the formwork elements and the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80), and a simultaneous adhesive bond between the formwork elements and the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80).
14. Formwork according to claim 13, characterised by wedges (82, 83) for pressing In the formwork elements.
15. Formwork according to claim 14, characterised by wedges (82, 83) with line fields on the wedge surfaces.
16. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) are made up of straight and/or angular plates that between them form a recess.
17. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised by a width opening of the recesses for the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) in the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80),

    that is equal to the thickness of the relevant formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) at the connection point plus the intended play or minus the undersize for the press fit or

    that is matched to a bar or projection as the connector on the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85), wherein various formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) or all formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) possess the same bar or projection
18. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterised by a width opening of the recesses of the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) which is equal to the connector size of the formwork elements plus the dimension of the wedges (82, 83).
19. Formwork according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterised by the use of a plurality of wedges (82, 83) that slide on one another or slide on surfaces of the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80).
20. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterised in that the bar or projection on the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) is formed from a multi-ply design of the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85), such that, of the layers of the formwork panel (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85), one or more are larger than the other layers and thereby form the projection or bar, such that they protrude past the other layers.
21. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterised in that the contact surfaces designated as the working face between the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) run at a distance from the working face of the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80), wherein the distance is preferably 100mm, still more preferably 200mm
22. Formwork according to claim 21, characterised In that

    the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) and the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) are the same length and the corner feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) or cross feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) have another length or

    some feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) are of a different length than the other feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) or

    a plurality of feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) possess another length than the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85).
23. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterised in that the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) enclose the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) transversely to the longitudinal direction to a length of at least 50mm, preferably to a length of at least 75mm and still more preferably to a length of 100mm.
24. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterised in that the feet (4, 50, 60, 70, 80) are made up fully or partially of slabs or are fully or partially injection foam moulded or consist fully or partially of particle foam or are fully or partially milled.
25. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterised in that the formwork is pre-fabricated in a factory and is delivered with an installation plan to the construction site, such that adjustment work is unnecessary at the construction site.
26. Formwork according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised by a connection of the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) on a perimeter insulation or on a façade insulation, wherein foamed plastic panels with overlaps (12, 13, 14) or tongue and groove are used for the formwork, and similar panels for the connection with the formwork panels (5, 51, 66, 76, 81, 85) are used for the perimeter Insulation or the façade insulation.

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