EP2080203A1 - Procede d'alimentation d'un coupleur magnetique et dispositif d'alimentation d'un dipole electrique - Google Patents
Procede d'alimentation d'un coupleur magnetique et dispositif d'alimentation d'un dipole electriqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP2080203A1 EP2080203A1 EP07866417A EP07866417A EP2080203A1 EP 2080203 A1 EP2080203 A1 EP 2080203A1 EP 07866417 A EP07866417 A EP 07866417A EP 07866417 A EP07866417 A EP 07866417A EP 2080203 A1 EP2080203 A1 EP 2080203A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- magnetic
- cells
- bars
- winding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 66
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019592 roughness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
- H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
- H01F30/12—Two-phase, three-phase or polyphase transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F2038/006—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions matrix transformer consisting of several interconnected individual transformers working as a whole
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F30/00—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00
- H01F30/06—Fixed transformers not covered by group H01F19/00 characterised by the structure
- H01F30/12—Two-phase, three-phase or polyphase transformers
- H01F30/14—Two-phase, three-phase or polyphase transformers for changing the number of phases
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device for supplying a magnetic coupler.
- Magnetic couplers (“Multi-Interphase Transformers”) are used, for example, to connect a load to a polyphase power source.
- Multi-Interphase Transformers are used, for example, to connect a load to a polyphase power source.
- N an integer greater than or equal to four.
- the angular offsets between the voltages or supply currents used are uniformly distributed between 0 and 2 ⁇ rad.
- An angular offset of 2 ⁇ rad corresponds to a period of the voltage or current.
- Known magnetic couplers inventors are decomposable into at least four elementary magnetic cells, each cell comprising: a clean magnetic core to form a single closed annular magnetic cir'cuit 'which ring comprising for this purpose at least three non-collinear bars by intermediate of which the closed magnetic circuit is established, at least two of these bars each having a planar face facing towards the outside of the cell and the field lines of the closed magnetic circuit inside these bars being parallel to the plane faces,
- one or more coils each of these coils being wound around a bar of the magnetic core so as to leave at least the two bars with a flat face, free of any winding, and
- the elementary cells are joined two by two through their respective planar faces so as to form pairs of first and second cells magnetically coupled to each other.
- the inventors also know magnetic couplers that can be broken down into at least four elementary magnetic cells, each cell comprising:
- a magnetic core capable of forming only a first and a second annular closed magnetic circuits having a common portion, said core comprising a central magnetic bar through which the portion common to the two closed magnetic circuits is established, and at least two bars not collinear, each having a planar face facing the outside of the cell and the field lines of the first or second closed magnetic circuit inside these bars being parallel to their flat face,
- one or more coils each of these coils being wound around the central bar so as to leave at least the two bars with a flat face, free of any winding, and
- the elementary cells are joined two by two through their respective planar faces so as to form pairs of first and second cells magnetically coupled to each other.
- the feeding processes of these magnetic couplers consist of: a) supplying the or each winding of the first cell with one of the supply voltages or currents so as to produce a magnetizing flux in the adjoining bar of the first cell with the second cell, whose fundamental component has an angular offset xi, and b) feeding the or each winding of the second cell with one of the supply voltages or currents so as to produce a magnetizing flux in the bar of the second cell coupled with the first cell, the fundamental component of which angular offset
- the invention therefore aims at providing a method of supplying these magnetic couplers making it possible, at equal performances, to reduce the size of the magnetic couplers.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a method of supplying these magnetic couplers in which the absolute value of the difference between the offsets
- Angular 4 ⁇ Xi and X j is greater than or equal to - rad.
- angular X 1 and X j reduces the maximum magnetic flux through the bars contiguous. Indeed, it is close to an angular offset of ⁇ rad, which corresponds to an optimal reduction of the maximum magnetic flux observable in the contiguous bars. Since the maximum magnetic flux passing through the adjoining bars is reduced, it is possible to reduce the size of these bars so that the bulk of the magnetic coupler is also reduced. Moreover, thanks to the uniform distribution • angular offsets of the N voltages or supply currents, voltage harmonics or load current supplied through the coupler is reduced. Embodiments of this method of supply may include one or more of the following features:
- each winding of a cell is connected in series with at least one other winding of another cell.
- the invention also relates to a first embodiment of a device for supplying an electric dipole, this device comprising: an N-phase power source, the angular offsets between the phases being uniformly distributed between 0 and 2 ⁇ rad, N being greater than or equal to four and 2 ⁇ rad representing a period of the periodic voltage or current,
- a magnetic coupler that can be decomposed into at least four elementary magnetic cells, each cell comprising:
- a magnetic core capable of forming a single annular closed magnetic circuit, this core comprising for this purpose at least three non-collinear bars through which the magnetic circuit is established closed, at least two of these bars each having a planar face facing outwardly of the cell and the field lines of the closed magnetic circuit inside these bars being parallel to the planar faces,.
- each of these coils being wound around a bar of the magnetic core so as to leave at least the two bars with a flat face, free of any winding, and the elementary cells are joined two by two by intermediate their respective planar faces so as to form pairs of first and second cells magnetically coupled to each other, wherein: a) the or each coil of the first cell is connected to a respective phase of the source of power supply so as to produce, during operation, a magnetizing flux in the bar of the first cell contiguous with the second cell, whose fundamental component has an angular offset Xi, and b) the or each coil of the second cell is connected, at a respective phase of the power source so as to produce, during operation, a magnetizing flux in the bar of the second cell contiguous with the first cell, whose fundamental component has an angular offset Xj, the absolute value of the difference between the
- the subject of the invention is also a second embodiment of a device for supplying an electric dipole, this device comprising: an N-phase power source, the angular offsets between the phases being uniformly distributed between 0 and 2 ⁇ rad, N being greater than or equal to four and 2 ⁇ rad representing a period of the periodic voltage or current,
- a magnetic coupler that can be decomposed into at least four elementary magnetic cells, each cell comprising:
- a magnetic core capable of forming only a first and a second annular closed magnetic circuits having a common portion, said core comprising a central magnetic bar through which the portion common to the two closed magnetic circuits is established, and at least two bars not collinear, each having a planar face facing the outside of the cell and the field lines of the first or second closed magnetic circuit inside these bars being parallel to their flat face,
- one or more coils each of these coils being wound around the central bar so as to leave at least the two bars with a flat face, free of any winding, and
- the elementary cells are joined two by two through their respective planar faces so as to form pairs of first and second cells magnetically coupled to each other, wherein: a) the or each coil of the first cell is connected to a respective phase of the power source so as to produce, during operation, a magnetizing flux in the bar of the first cell contiguous with the second cell, whose fundamental component has an angular offset x ⁇ , and b) the or each coil of the second cell is connected to a respective phase of the power source so as to produce, during operation, a magnetizing flux in the bar of the second cell contiguous with the first cell, the fundamental component has an offset angular X j, the absolute value of the difference between the angular offsets x ⁇ X and j is greater - rad.
- Embodiments of these feeders may include one or more of the following features: the absolute value of the difference between
- each winding of the second cell is deduced from the corresponding winding of the first cell by axial symmetry along a collinear axis to the contiguous faces;
- each cell comprises at least first and second coils wound in opposite directions around each other around the same bar;
- each cell has a first one. and .. a second .... windings, the first winding and the second winding being connected to respective phases of the power source so that, during operation, the angular phase shift between the power supply voltages
- each of these windings is between ⁇ and ⁇ H.
- Figure 1 is an electronic diagram of a device for supplying an electric dipole via a magnetic coupler
- Figure 2 is a graph illustrating the phase distribution of a power source of the device of Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a first embodiment of a magnetic coupler that can be used in the device of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a first and a second elementary magnetic cell that can be used in the magnetic coupler of FIG. 3;
- Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a method of supplying the magnetic coupler of Fig. 3;
- FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating the phase distribution of a twelve-phase power source,
- FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the architecture of another embodiment of a magnetic coupler that can be used in the device of FIG. 1;
- Figures 8 to 11 are schematic illustrations of different embodiments of elementary magnetic cells that can be implemented in the magnetic couplers of Figures 3 and 7;
- FIG. 12 is an electronic diagram of another embodiment of a device for supplying an electric dipole via a magnetic coupler
- FIG. 13 is a schematic illustration of a magnetic coupler that can be used in the device of FIG. 12;
- Figures 14 and 15 are schematic illustrations of individual magnetic cells may be implemented "in the magnetic coupler of Figure 13;
- FIG. 16 is an electronic diagram of another embodiment of a device for supplying an electric dipole via a magnetic coupler;
- FIGS. 17 and 18 are diagrammatic illustrations of various embodiments of elementary magnetic cells that can be implemented to produce a magnetic coupler that can be used in the device of FIG. 16;
- FIGS. 19 and 20 are electronic diagrams of a DC-DC converter using the same magnetic coupler as that used in the device of FIG. 16.
- FIG. 1 shows a device 2 for supplying an electric dipole 4.
- the dipole 4 is connected to the device 2 via a filter 6 equipped with an input 8.
- the dipole 4 is a resistor.
- the filter 6 is, for example, a filter having only a filtering capacitor 12 connected in parallel across the dipole 4.
- the device 2 can avoid the use of a filter inductor.
- the device 2 comprises a source 16 of polyphase voltages and a magnetic coupler 18 for connecting the source 16 to the dipole 4.
- the source 16 is an N-phase source, N being an integer greater than or equal to four.
- the source 16 thus delivers N voltages Vi, where the index i is the number of the phase between 0 and NI.
- the angular offset between the voltages V 0 and Vi is equal 2 ⁇ i to rad. Angular offsets between voltages V 0 to
- VH_I are therefore uniformly distributed between 0 and 2 ⁇ rad, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
- each vector corresponds to a voltage Vi, the modulus of this vector corresponding to the modulus of the fundamental voltage and the angle of this vector with respect to the abscissa axis corresponding to its angular offset with respect to the fundamental of the voltage V 0 .
- the angular offset of the fundamental voltages Vo to V N _i is uniformly distributed, the phase angle between two successive voltage vectors on the
- the amplitudes of the voltages V 0 to V N -i are all identical because all the voltages Vo to V N -i have the same periodic waveforms shifted, some by
- the source 16 has been represented in the form of N single-phase voltage sources So at S N -i delivering the voltages V 0 to V N - ! .
- the angular offset of the voltage generated by each source Si is adjustable to correspond to any of the voltages V 0 to V N -i.
- the voltages V 0 to V N-1 are not generated in order by the sources S 0 to S N _i as will be seen later.
- the source “ 16 is, for example, a polyphase power supply network, a chopper or a power inverter.
- the coupler 18 comprises in this embodiment N single-phase transformers Tr 0 to Tr N _i.
- Each transformer is formed of a primary winding and had a secondary winding e 2 i 'adjacent magnetically coupled to each other via a magnetic core or, where j.
- Each transformer forms a pair of coils magnetically coupled to each other via magnetic core n1.
- Each primary winding eu ' is directly connected at one end to the source Si.
- each transformer Tri is connected to the source S ⁇ - ⁇ via the primary winding ei, i_i of the transformer Tri-i.
- the secondary winding e2o is connected to the source S N _i via the winding
- each secondary winding which is not connected to one of the sources Si is directly connected to a common point 24 itself directly connected to the input 8 of the filter 6.
- the magnetic coupler 18 will now be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4 in the particular case where the number N of phases is equal to twelve.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross-section of the coupler 18.
- This coupler 18 is formed of twelve elementary magnetic cells C 0 Cu contiguous to each other in the horizontal direction L.
- Each cell Ci corresponds to a sort processor.
- Two adjacent cells C 1 and C j are shown in more detail in FIG. 4.
- Each cell Cj comprises a magnetic core rii whose cross section is in the form of scale or "8".
- the magnetic core is formed of six lateral bars Bi, ⁇ B 6 , ⁇ and a central bar B C ⁇ X .
- the bars Bi, ⁇ and B 2 , i form the left amount M G i of the scale.
- the bars B 4 , i and B 5 ,! form the right amount M D i.
- the amounts M Gi and • M D i can be formed in one piece.
- the bar B c i is a horizontal central bar while the bars B 3 i and B 6 , ⁇ are horizontal bars respectively at the top and bottom of the uprights M G ⁇ and M D i.
- the cross section of each of the uprights or bars is substantially rectangular.
- the lateral bars B 1 ,! at B 6 , ⁇ each have a planar face, respectively Fi, i to F 6 , i turned towards the outside of the cell C ⁇ .
- the core neither has two windows or recesses 32 and 34 respectively located above and below the central bar Bci-
- the cell Ci also comprises two coils 36 and 38 wound around the central bar B C ⁇ .
- the coils 36 and 38 are wound in opposite directions from each other.
- each winding comprises several turns.
- the winding direction of the turns of each winding is defined by means of a point surrounded by a circle and a circle with a cross.
- the point surrounded by a circle indicates that a vector is coming out of the plane of the sheet, while a circle with a cross indicates that the vector is in the plane of the sheet.
- each of these coils 36, 38 corresponds to a winding e 2 i or coupler 18.
- each winding of a cell carries the reference eu or ⁇ 2 i.
- only the winding direction of each winding has been shown.
- the core neither concentrates the field lines of the magnetic field created by the coils 36 and 38. These field lines form a magnetizing flux.
- two arrows represent two magnetizing flux field lines E H i and E B ⁇ created by the coils 36 and 38 inside the n core. These arrows also represent the following sign convention: when the amplitude of the fundamental of the magnetizing flux E H i is positive, it is considered that the lines of this field E H i turn in the positive direction if they turn in the direction of the Clockwise. When the amplitude of the fundamental of the magnetizing flux E B i is positive, it is considered that the lines of this field E B i turn in the positive direction, if they turn in the opposite direction of the clockwise.
- the field line of the flow E H i enters through the straight line of the central bar B cl and closes via the bar B ⁇ i of the top when it rotates in the positive direction.
- the field line E B i also returns to the right of the bar B c i and closes via the lower bar Ebi when it rotates in the positive direction.
- These field lines E H i and E B i correspond to a magnetizing flux created by the coils 36 and 38.
- the core neither allows two annular closed magnetic circuits to be established.
- These closed magnetic circuits have a common part, that is to say the bar B c i.
- the amplitude and the fundamental phase of the magnetising flux is a function of the angular offsets of dpf supply voltages of the windings 36 and 38.
- the cell C j is deduced from the cell C 1 by axial symmetry.
- the cell Cj is structurally identical to the cell Ci with the exception that the position of the coils 36 and 38 has been permuted with respect to that of the coils 36 and 38 of the cell Ci.
- leakage magnetic field lines appear around winding 36. These lines correspond to a leakage magnetic flux.
- the field lines of the leakage magnetic flux comprise at least one section that extends outside the core m.
- Leakage magnetic flux lines pass through windows 32, 34 to close.
- windows 32, 34 are formed of air.
- the faces F 4, i , F 5, i of 1 cell C 1 are contiguous, and more precisely brought into contact, with, respectively, the faces F 2 , j and F 1 , j of the cell. Cj,
- the magnetizing fluxes E Hi , E Hj and E Bi , E Bj are combined in the amounts M Di and M Gj .
- the amounts M Di and M Gj are, for example, glued or secured to each other by any means to maintain close contact between these two amounts.
- the arrows S H and S B define a sign convention common to the magnetising flux circulating in the contiguous bars. More precisely, this common sign convention makes it possible to compare angular offsets of the magnetizing fluxes in each cell.
- Figure 4 also shows a surface O i, j located at the intersection of the amounts M Di and M Gj and perpendicular to the plane of the sheet.
- This surface O i, j is traversed by the magnetizing fluxes E Bi and E Bj .
- E Bi and E Bj plus the angular offset X i of the fundamental of the magnetizing flux E Bi will be out of angular offset of the fundamental of Xj magnetising flux E Bj more 'maximum magnetizing flux passing through the Oj surface.
- I will be weak.
- the smaller the maximum magnetizing flux crossing the surface Oi, j the more the horizontal section of the bars B 4 , j. and B 2 , j can be reduced, which reduces the size of the coupler 18.
- the same explanations apply to the reduction of the congestion of the bars B 5 , j . and Bi, j.
- the coupler 18 comprises only cells coupled in pairs in the horizontal direction L, that is to say coupled to each other via the faces of their uprights, as has been described with reference to FIG. .
- each cell Ci is coupled with the adjacent cell C j which generates, before bonding in the bars of the left pillar Bi j and B 2j, the magnetizing fluxes E H j and E B j
- Table 1 see appendix at the end of the description.
- the symbol Ci identifies the cell.
- the symbols Vi on the left and on the right identify the corresponding voltages of the coils, respectively to the right and to the left, of the cell C ⁇ .
- 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ is between ⁇ and ⁇ - ⁇ .
- FIG. 6 corresponds to the graph of FIG. 2 in the case where N equals twelve. According to Table 1, the voltages Vo and V 5 are respectively used for supplying the coils 36 and 38 of the cell C 0.
- the angular offset Wi of the magnetizing flux can be estimated by the vector sum of the voltage vector V 0 and the vector -V 5 .
- the result of this vector sum is represented in FIG. 6 by an arrow F in dotted lines.
- This arrow F makes an angle w of -rad with the axis of
- This angle w corresponds to an estimate of the angular offset W
- the cells C ⁇ are classified in ascending or descending order of angular displacement w ⁇ .
- the list of cells arranged in ascending order of angular offsets Wi is as follows: (Co, C 5 , C 10 , C 3 , Ce, Ci, C 0 , C n, C 4 , Cg, C 2, C 7 ) .
- the cells are contiguous to each other in the horizontal direction L in the ascending order indicated above.
- the bars Bsi and B 4 i of the cell Ci are contiguous, respectively, to the bars Bi, j and B 2 , j of the following cell Cj.
- the difference ⁇ between the angular offsets x d i and x g j is close to ⁇ rad.
- the angular offset Wo is here equal to - ⁇ / 12 while the angular offset W 5 is equal to ⁇ / i2rad.
- the shift x d i in the bar B 50 is equal to - ⁇ / 12rad.
- the shift x 9 s in the bar B 15 is equal to ws + ⁇ , that is to say ⁇ / 12 + ⁇ , because in the bar B 15 , the sign convention adopted to define the offset the flux E H5 is in the opposite direction of the arrow S n -
- the difference ⁇ is here equal to ⁇ + 2 ⁇ / 12 rad.
- the shifts w ⁇ are distributed over 360 ° and the continuous components of the magnetising flux in the contiguous bars do not cancel each other out.
- step 46 using the table 2, the cells are divided into two halves so that the angular offset w of each cell of the first half is less than all the angular offsets Wi of the cells. of the second half.
- the second half is formed of the last six cells of the order of ascending order previously indicated, that is to say here the Cg, Cn, C 4 , Cg, C 2 and C 7 cells.
- the supply voltage of the left coil of each of the cells of this second half is permuted with the supply voltage of the right coil of the same cell. This permutation of the supply voltages does not change the position of the coils 36 and 38.
- the Ci cells thus obtained are again classified in increasing order of angular offset Wj . .
- Table 4 shows on the first line the order of the cells for this second embodiment.
- the second line indicates which voltage each winding of each cell is connected to.
- the difference ⁇ obtained is closer to ⁇ rad than in the • first embodiment.
- the angular offsets W 0 and w 6 of the contiguous cells Co and Ce are both equal to - ⁇ / 12rad. Therefore, the angular offset x d 0 in the bar B 50 , before bonding, is equal to - ⁇ / 12rad.
- the angular offset x g 6 in the bar Bi 6 , before bonding, is equal to - ⁇ / 12 + ⁇ .
- the difference ⁇ is equal to ⁇ rad.
- the difference ⁇ between the adjoined bars of the cells Ce and .C 5 is equal to ⁇ + 2 ⁇ / 12 rad.
- the maximum amplitude of the fundamental of the magnetizing flux in the contiguous amounts of a pair of cells is substantially zero.
- the maximum amplitude of the magnetizing flux generated inside the adjoining amounts of two cells belonging to different pairs is greatly reduced. This greatly reduces the section of these uprights and therefore the size of the coupler 18.
- This second embodiment therefore makes it possible to bring the difference ⁇ of ⁇ rad even closer together.
- neither the first nor the second embodiment makes it possible to cancel the continuous components of the magnetising flux in the contiguous bars.
- Step 48 is here applied to every other cell. Step 48 may be performed after step 46 or directly after step 40.
- step 48 the first two cells of the list of cells in ascending order are grouped together to form a first pair, then the next two cells are grouped together to form a second pair and so on.
- each second member of each pair permuting the position of the two windings of the cell relative to that taken into account 'for classification operation.
- the coils 36 and 38 are, respectively, to the left and to the right of the cell. Once these positions have been switched, the coils 36 and 38 are, respectively, to the right and left of the cell. Following such a permutation, the coils immediately to the right and left of an adjoining bar are wound in the same direction.
- Such a configuration reduces or cancels the continuous components of the magnetising flux in the contiguous bars.
- step 48 makes it possible, in addition to reducing the maximum amplitude of the fundamental component of the magnetizing flux in the adjoining bars, to also reduce the continuous component in these adjacent bars.
- the following table.5 indicates the supply voltages of each cell of the coupler obtained after steps 46 and 48.
- the first line indicates the order of the cells.
- the second line indicates the supply voltages of the windings to the right and left of each cell.
- the coils of each cell are powered with the aid of the source 16 thus set.
- This allows to feed the dipole 4 from a polyphase source.
- the coupler 18 has been described in the particular case where it is formed of twelve cells. However, what has been described above applies to any magnetic coupler formed of at least four cells. For example, Tables 6 and 7 describe the configuration of magnetic couplers having from 4 to 20 cells obtained 1 by performing operations 46 and 48.
- each column “N" indicates the number of total cells and the following columns indicate for each cell Ci what are the supply voltages to be used to feed its coils.
- each column Ci is divided into two sub-columns. The left and right subcolumns indicate respectively which voltage supply the coils to the left and right of this cell should be connected to.
- the absolute value of the indicated number j indicates that this winding must be powered by the voltage Vj_i.
- the sign "-" present in front of the number j simply indicates that this winding is wound in the negative direction.
- FIG. 7 represents a magnetic coupler 50 that can be used in place of the coupler 18 in the device 2.
- This coupler 50 also comprises twelve cells Ci respectively identical to the cells Ci of the coupler 18.
- the cells Ci of the coupler 50 are not only contiguous in the horizontal direction L as in the coupler 18 but also in a vertical direction H.
- each pair of cells (Co; Ce);
- each pair of cells is also contiguous in the vertical direction H to another pair of cells via their horizontal bars.
- the coupling of the cells in the vertical direction is carried out as in the horizontal direction that is to say, for example, by direct contact of the flat faces of the side bars of these cells. Fixing these cells in the vertical direction can be achieved by gluing or by any other means.
- the supply voltages of each of the windings of each cell are determined as a function of the angular offsets wi of the magnetising fluxes.
- the step of permutation of the coils is identical to the operation 48 and thus makes it possible to cancel the DC component of the magnetizing flux in the contiguous horizontal bars.
- the distribution of the voltages for each cell indicated in the following table is obtained:
- the difference ⁇ between, for example, the offset X 5 in the bar B ⁇ 5 and the offset Xo in the bar B 30 is close to ⁇ rad.
- Wo and W 5 are respectively equal to - ⁇ / 12 and ⁇ / 12 + ⁇ .
- the size of the contiguous uprights and adjoining horizontal bars can be greatly reduced.
- FIG. 8 represents another embodiment of cells C '1 and C j which can be used respectively in place of C 1 and C 2 cells.
- the structure of the cell C'i is identical to that of the cell Ci with the exception that the coil 36 is wound around the winding 38 and no longer beside it.
- the winding 36 is wound on the periphery of the winding 38.
- cell Cj is identical to cell
- Figures 9 to 11 respectively represent cells A 1 , A'i and A '' i comprising a core 60 having an annular cross section in a vertical plane.
- the core 60 is formed of two horizontal bars and two vertical bars.
- These cells Ai, A'i and A '' each have only two coils 62 and 64 wound in opposite directions from each other.
- the coils 62 and 64 are wound around a single bar.
- the winding 62 is only wound around an upper part of the vertical bar while the winding 64 is only wound around a lower part of this same bar.
- the winding 64 is wound around the winding 62 and, preferably, around the periphery of the winding 62.
- the coil 62 is only wound around a vertical bar of the cell while the coil 64 is only wound around the other vertical bar of the cell.
- the free bars of any winding cells Ai, A'i and A '' i each have a flat face facing the outside of the cell. These flat faces make it possible to join together the cells to form a magnetic coupler.
- the supply voltage of each of these coils is chosen as a function of the angular offset Xi of the fundamental of the concentrated magnetizing flux in the contiguous bars.
- the teaching given with reference to FIG. 5 is adapted to the case of the cells Ai, A'i and A''i in order to minimize the maximum amplitude of the fundamental of the magnetizing flux in these bars contiguous to each other.
- the cells Ai, A 'i and A " L are distinguished from the cells Ci and C'i essentially by the fact that in the cells A 1 , A' ⁇ and A '' i a single annular closed magnetic circuit is established , whereas in cells Ci and C'i, two annular closed magnetic circuits are established by different paths.
- FIG. 12 represents another device 70 for supplying the electric dipole 4.
- This device 70 includes for this purpose the source 16 of power supply as well as a magnetic coupler 72 for connecting the N phases of the source 16 to the dipole 4.
- the coupler 72 comprises N coils Li forming inductance.
- Each coil Li is only connected on one side to the source Si and on the other side to the common point 24.
- the structure of the coupler 72 is described in more detail with respect to FIG. 13 in the particular case where the number N of phases is equal to five.
- the coupler 72 is made by joining five identical elementary magnetic cells B 0 to B 4 in the vertical direction H.
- the cell Bi is described in more detail with reference to FIG. 14.
- the cell B 1 comprises a magnetic core 74 having an annular cross section.
- This core 74 is formed only two vertical bars and two horizontal bars.
- the three bars without winding each have a planar face facing outwardly to magnetically couple the cell to another cell.
- At least one of the bars has an air gap 75 to prevent saturation of the core 74 caused by a DC component of the magnetising flux.
- the cell Bi also comprises only a single winding 76 wound only around one of the bars • vertical. This winding 76 generates a magnetizing flux E 1 concentrated inside the core 74. A single field line of the magnetizing flux E 1 is shown in FIG. 14. This magnetizing flux has an angular offset W which is a function of the angular offset of the voltage. In particular, in the case of the cell Bi, the estimate of the angular offset Wi is taken as equal to the angular offset of the supply voltage of the coil 76. In FIG. 13, the cells Bi are joined together by juxtaposing the flat faces of their respective horizontal bars side by side.
- the angular offset of the supply voltage of the coils of the cell Bi is determined so as to minimize the amplitude of the fundamental magnetizing flux flowing in the bars contiguous.
- the contiguous cell supply voltages Bi and Bj are chosen so that the difference between the angular offsets X 1 and X 1 of the fundamentals of the magnetizing flux generated by each of these cells is as close as possible to ⁇ rad.
- the method described with regard to the method of FIG. 5 is adapted to design the coupler 72.
- the coils of the cells B1 to B4 are all wound in the same direction.
- the coils of the cells B 0 to B 4 are fed respectively by the voltages V 1 , V 3 , V 5 , V 2 and V 4 .
- FIG. 15 represents the architecture of a cell Di having a nucleus identical to the nucleus and of the cell C 1 .
- the cell Di is only equipped with a single winding 80 wound around the central bar.
- the central bar includes an air gap 81 to prevent core saturation or caused by a continuous component of the flux magnetizing.
- This cell Di can be used in place of the cell B ⁇ in similar magnetic couplers -the coupler 72.
- FIG. 16 represents a third embodiment of a device 90 for feeding the dipole 4.
- the device 90 comprises the power source 16 connected to the dipole 4 via a magnetic coupler 92.
- the midpoint 24 is connected to a reference potential Mi and no longer to the input 8 of the filter 6.
- each transformer Tri comprises in addition to the pair of windings in and e2i a pair of windings e 3 i and e ⁇ .
- the coils e 3 i and e 4 i are magnetically coupled to the coils and e2i via the magnetic core ni.
- the pair of windings ⁇ 3i and e 4 ⁇ is electrically isolated from the windings at and e 2 i.
- One end of the winding e 3 i is connected via a diode di to a common point 96.
- the cathode of the diode di is directed towards the common point 96.
- the common point 96 is directly connected to the input 8 of the filter 6.
- the other end of the winding e 3 i is directly connected to one end of the winding e4,1 + 1 of the following transformer Tri + i.
- the end not connected to the winding e 3 i of the coil e ⁇ r i + % is connected to a reference potential M 2 electrically isolated from the potential Mi.
- the end not connected to the common point 96 of the winding e 3 / N _i is directly connected to one end of the winding e 4 o-
- the design and supply method of the coupler 92 is the same as that described with reference to FIG. 5, so as to reduce the bulk of this coupler.
- the estimation of the angular offset Wi of a cell is obtained, using only the supply voltages of the windings ⁇ and ⁇ 2i.
- FIG. 17 represents an example of cells Ei that can be used to form magnetic coupler 92.
- This cell Ei is identical to cell A'i except that coils 62 and 64 have been split.
- the duplicates of the coils 62 and 64 bear, respectively, the references 102 and 104.
- the coils 102 and 104 are wound around the core 60 in the same direction as, respectively, the coils 62 and 64. These coils 102 and 104 are electrically isolated from the coils 62 and 64 and magnetically coupled to these coils via the core 60.
- the coils 62 and 64 respectively correspond to the coils and e2i of Figure 16 and the coils 102 and 104 respectively correspond to the coils e 3 i and e4i of Figure 16.
- FIG. 18 represents the structure of a cell Fi which can also be used to produce the coupler 92.
- This cell Fi is identical to the cell C ⁇ except that the coils 36 and 38 have been split.
- the duplicates of the windings 36 and 38 respectively bear the references 106 and 108.
- the winding 106 is wound only around the winding 36 and the winding 108 is only wound around the winding 38.
- the windings 106 and 108 are electrically isolated from the windings 36 and 38 and magnetically coupled to these windings 36 and 38 via of the nucleus n ⁇ .
- FIG. 19 represents the architecture of a DC-DC converter using a magnetic coupler as described with reference to the preceding figures.
- the converter 110 comprises a DC power supply 122 connected to the input of an inverter 124 able to convert the DC voltage delivered by the source 122 into N periodic voltages angularly offset relative to each other.
- the inverter 124 is here a bidirectional inverter current. This inverter is known and its structure will not be described here in detail.
- the combination of the source 122 and the inverter 124 thus forms a polyphase power source 126.
- the source 126 is connected to a magnetic coupler 128 having a galvanic isolation such as the coupler 92.
- each winding and e 2 i is connected by one of its ends directly to a respective phase of the source 126.
- the other end of each of these windings and e ⁇ i are electrically connected l one to another.
- each of the coils 3 e i and e 4i is connected to a respective input of a voltage rectifier 130.
- the other end of these windings e 3i and e 4i is connected to a reference potential M 3.
- the rectifier 130 has as many branches as inputs receiving the voltage delivered by the winding e 3 i and e 4i .
- Each branch is formed of a controllable switch I 1 and a diode D 1 connected in parallel.
- the switch I 1 is a switch that can only circulate the current in a single direction from the input connected to the coil e 3 i or e 4 i to a common point 134.
- the various controllable switches of the rectifier 130 are controlled from in order to rectify the voltage delivered by each of the windings e 3 i and eu. 1 in this embodiment, the dipole 4 is connected between the common point 134 and the reference potential M 3.
- the rectifier 130 is here a bidirectional current rectifier.
- FIG. 20 shows another embodiment of a DC-DC converter 140.
- This converter 140 comprises a polyphase power source 142 made from a DC voltage source 144 connected to the input of an inverter 146.
- the inverter 146 is unidirectional in current.
- Each output of the inverter 146 is connected to a respective winding of a magnetic coupler 148.
- the magnetic coupler 148 is identical to the magnetic coupler 128 except that in the coupler 128, these are the ends of the coils e 3 i and e 4 i which are connected to respective phases of the source 142. For this reason, during the estimation operation of the angular offset Xi of each of the cells, it is the coils e 3 i and e 4 ⁇ as well as their supply voltages that are to be taken into account.
- the outputs of the coupler 148 are connected to a voltage rectifier / booster 149.
- the rectifier / riser 149 is formed of several stages 150 to 153. Each stage elevator receives the voltages generated respectively by a pair of windings and e 2 i to raise a voltage received at the input. The lift stages are connected in series. Such rectifier / elevator is known and will 'thus not further described.
- the load 4 is connected at the output of this rectifier / elevator 149.
- each coupler has been described in the case where it is produced by gluing or fixing a plurality of elementary magnetic cells to each other.
- the magnetic coupler has exactly the same structure as that described here but is made by joining one behind the other a succession of magnetic cores in the shape of "E". More specifically, the free ends of the horizontal bars of the section in the form of "E" are contiguous on the vertical rear face of the core shaped "E” following. The free ends of the horizontal bars of the last core "E" of the stack are connected magnetically via an vertical bar shaped "I".
- the structure of the magnetic coupler thus obtained is identical to that obtained by joining cells such as Ci cells, for example.
- Such a magnetic coupler is decomposable into elementary cells identical to those described herein. Therefore, it is possible to find in this magnetic coupler portions of the core corresponding to each of the bars B ⁇ .
- the bars Bij and Bij + i joined together matter with each other, that is to say formed from a single block. The teaching described above is therefore applicable to such a magnetic coupler to determine which phase of the power source each winding must be connected to minimize the maximum magnetic flux in the bars contiguous.
- a magnetic coupler whose size is reduced can also be achieved by joining several cells only in the vertical direction.
- the magnetic coupler comprises as many coils e and e 2 i that phases of the power source.
- each winding eu and e 2 ⁇ is divided into several windings, respectively em and e 2 i k connected in series.
- Each winding em and e2i k is then used in a different cell.
- the number of windings and had t e i k 2 'remains connected in series preferably less than N.
- the flat face of the contiguous bars may comprise roughnesses or asperities designed to facilitate coupling and fixing the cells together.
- the bars around which windings are surrounded are not necessarily straight but can be bent.
- N N makes it possible to maximize the decrease in the size of the magnetic coupler
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0609233A FR2907591B1 (fr) | 2006-10-20 | 2006-10-20 | Procede d'alimentation d'un coupleur magnetique et dispositif d'alimentation d'un dipole electrique. |
| PCT/FR2007/001741 WO2008056045A1 (fr) | 2006-10-20 | 2007-10-22 | Procede d'alimentation d'un coupleur magnetique et dispositif d'alimentation d'un dipole electrique |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2080203A1 true EP2080203A1 (fr) | 2009-07-22 |
| EP2080203B1 EP2080203B1 (fr) | 2011-10-05 |
Family
ID=38180020
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07866417A Not-in-force EP2080203B1 (fr) | 2006-10-20 | 2007-10-22 | Procede d'alimentation d'un coupleur magnetique et dispositif d'alimentation d'un dipole electrique |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8009003B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2080203B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5308341B2 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE527671T1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2666828C (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2372222T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2907591B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2008056045A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8374009B2 (en) * | 2010-03-25 | 2013-02-12 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Multi-level parallel phase converter |
| CN103475248B (zh) | 2013-08-30 | 2016-12-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | 功率变换电路和功率变换系统 |
| EP3255774A1 (fr) * | 2016-06-07 | 2017-12-13 | GE Energy Power Conversion Technology Ltd | Système de conversion d'énergie électrique délivrée par un réseau et procédé de conversion mis en oeuvre au moyen d'un tel système de conversion |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2790131A (en) * | 1955-04-25 | 1957-04-23 | Nyyssonen Einard | Polyphase transformer system |
| US3395373A (en) * | 1966-08-31 | 1968-07-30 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Three-phase transformer having four core legs |
| US4009460A (en) * | 1974-09-24 | 1977-02-22 | Hitachi Metals, Ltd. | Inductor |
| GB1563707A (en) * | 1975-11-25 | 1980-03-26 | Ass Elect Ind | Saturated reactor arrangements |
| US4646048A (en) * | 1985-04-29 | 1987-02-24 | General Electric Company | Core and winding assembly with relieved core edges and method of manufacture thereof |
| JPH0785653B2 (ja) * | 1986-12-22 | 1995-09-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | サイクロコンバ−タ用三相変圧器 |
| JPH0779063B2 (ja) * | 1988-08-15 | 1995-08-23 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 位相調整変圧器 |
| US5182535A (en) * | 1989-12-19 | 1993-01-26 | Dhyanchand P John | Summing transformer core for star-delta inverter having a separate secondary winding for each primary winding |
| US5416458A (en) * | 1991-04-25 | 1995-05-16 | General Signal Corporation | Power distribution transformer for non-linear loads |
| JPH07288983A (ja) * | 1994-04-15 | 1995-10-31 | Meidensha Corp | 大容量トランス多重インバータ |
| ATE554488T1 (de) | 2004-10-07 | 2012-05-15 | Volker Werner Hanser | Verfahren zur herstellung eines ringkerns |
| JP2006216650A (ja) * | 2005-02-02 | 2006-08-17 | Sumida Corporation | 磁性素子および磁性素子の製造方法 |
-
2006
- 2006-10-20 FR FR0609233A patent/FR2907591B1/fr active Active
-
2007
- 2007-10-22 US US12/446,035 patent/US8009003B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-22 AT AT07866417T patent/ATE527671T1/de active
- 2007-10-22 CA CA2666828A patent/CA2666828C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-22 JP JP2009532851A patent/JP5308341B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-10-22 EP EP07866417A patent/EP2080203B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2007-10-22 WO PCT/FR2007/001741 patent/WO2008056045A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2007-10-22 ES ES07866417T patent/ES2372222T3/es active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008056045A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2666828A1 (fr) | 2008-05-15 |
| JP2010507359A (ja) | 2010-03-04 |
| FR2907591B1 (fr) | 2009-01-16 |
| JP5308341B2 (ja) | 2013-10-09 |
| WO2008056045A1 (fr) | 2008-05-15 |
| CA2666828C (fr) | 2015-12-15 |
| US8009003B2 (en) | 2011-08-30 |
| EP2080203B1 (fr) | 2011-10-05 |
| FR2907591A1 (fr) | 2008-04-25 |
| ES2372222T3 (es) | 2012-01-17 |
| ATE527671T1 (de) | 2011-10-15 |
| US20100315187A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
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