EP2077680B1 - Lautsprechersystem mit Zwei-Kammer-Gehäuse - Google Patents

Lautsprechersystem mit Zwei-Kammer-Gehäuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2077680B1
EP2077680B1 EP20070024287 EP07024287A EP2077680B1 EP 2077680 B1 EP2077680 B1 EP 2077680B1 EP 20070024287 EP20070024287 EP 20070024287 EP 07024287 A EP07024287 A EP 07024287A EP 2077680 B1 EP2077680 B1 EP 2077680B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diaphragm
enclosure
port
air
loudspeaker system
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Application number
EP20070024287
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2077680A1 (de
Inventor
Kelvin Francis Griffiths
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Harman International Industries Ltd
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Harman International Industries Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/22—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired frequency characteristic only 
    • H04R1/28—Transducer mountings or enclosures modified by provision of mechanical or acoustic impedances, e.g. resonator, damping means
    • H04R1/2807—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements
    • H04R1/2811—Enclosures comprising vibrating or resonating arrangements for loudspeaker transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
    • H04R2499/10—General applications
    • H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles

Definitions

  • This invention relates to loudspeaker systems and, more specifically, to a low frequency loudspeaker system comprising an enclosure that comprises two separate air volumes which are acoustically linked by a port; the port enclosing a plug of air; and an electro-acoustical transducer that converts electrical power into acoustical power and that comprises a diaphragm having a front side and a rear side; the front side of the diaphragm radiates sound into a listening environment and the rear side is directly acoustically coupled to one of the volumes of the enclosure; and the volume that is not directly coupled to the diaphragm, is coupled to the plug of air in the port.
  • mounting the loudspeaker into the body in white often means presenting a complicated impedance condition to the drive unit and may generate turbulent noise, pressure imbalance and acoustic short circuit. Furthermore it is often an unknown quantity, and forces the driver performance outside its carefully predicted bounds. Mounting the driver unit into a small enclosure (e.g., cabinet, box) requires that it should be mechanically very stiff and heavy to minimise the influence of the enclosed air stiffness - this in turn will make the driver unit expensive.
  • a small enclosure e.g., cabinet, box
  • the cavity into which the drive unit is placed typically includes a number of interconnected pathways often resulting in a non-uniform pressure distribution presented to the rear of the diaphragm.
  • This loading has been observed to drive asymmetrical mode-shapes in the driver's more compliant suspension components, in particular, resulting in so-called "rocking" modes. These modes are not controlled by the dominant motor damping element in the driver unit and are therefore frequently of a magnitude sufficient to cause fouling of the software parts against the motor system metalwork.
  • a loudspeaker system which comprises an enclosure with two separate air volumes which are acoustically linked by a port enclosing a plug of air; and an electro-acoustical transducer that converts electrical power into acoustical power and that includes a diaphragm having a front side and a rear side; the front side of the diaphragm radiates sound into a listening environment and the rear side is directly acoustically coupled to one of the volumes of the enclosure.
  • the air volume which is directly coupled to the diaphragm and the plug of air in the port are tuned to form a resonant system driven by the transducer; and the volume that is not directly coupled to the diaphragm, is coupled to the plug of air in the port.
  • the port is adapted such that the air mass of the plug of air enclosed in the port does not form part of the acoustic radiation of the system.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a loudspeaker system comprising a loudspeaker drive unit 1 that includes a sound-producing conical diaphragm 2 having front and rear faces, and a two parts enclosure located on the rear of said loudspeaker drive unit 1 creating an acoustical path from the rear face of said diaphragm 2 into the rear enclosure.
  • the enclosure forms a rear diaphragm control system and includes two air volumes, an air volume 3 enclosed in an enclosure piece 4 and an air volume 5 enclosed in an enclosure piece 6, which are acoustically coupled to each other through a port 7 in a partition wall of enclosure piece 6.
  • Enclosure piece 6 including port 7 will be also referred to as Adapter for Passive Diaphragm Control (APDC) in the following description.
  • Volume 5 is directly coupled to the diaphragm 2.
  • Volume 3 is coupled to a plug of air in the intervening port 7 and, accordingly, not directly coupled to the diaphragm 2.
  • the drive unit 1 is mounted in the enclosure piece 6 that serves as a ported coupling device and interfaces the drive unit 1 with the environment into which it is placed, e.g., in the present case enclosure piece 4 having a tube-like shape with an end wall.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a system in which the volume 5 is predetermined and volume 3 does not need to be predetermined. Volume 3 may be replaced with any alternative sealed or even leaky volume representing a less deterministic part of the enclosure and may therefore be a more hostile acoustic environment, e.g., a cavity within a vehicle bodywork.
  • the enclosure piece 6 is a tube-like ring with a cone-shaped end piece (partition wall) carrying port 7 and extending into enclosure 4.
  • enclosure piece 6 may have any other shape that encloses the same volume.
  • the distance from the diaphragm 2 to the rear of the enclosure piece 6 is relatively short and the intended operating frequency sufficiently low, such that standing waves in that direction within enclosure piece 6 are not a problem.
  • sound absorbent material (not shown) can be provided within enclosure piece 6, enclosure piece 4 or both to provide an additional damping element should this prove to be necessary as an optimisation step.
  • the port 7 may be, e.g., a simple aperture or a connector tube that may run at virtually any angle to the loudspeaker drive unit's axis.
  • the aperture (or apertures) may be in the form of a circular hole in the partition wall as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .
  • the aperture may be a connector tube 14 arranged in the centre of the partition wall extending outwardly from the front and (or) the rear of the partition wall of the enclosure piece 6.
  • the tube 14 has a specific diameter and a specific length defining an acoustic mass in the tube 14 referred to as plug of air.
  • apertures and tubes are applicable such as multiple coupling ports, apertures/tubes placed out of the central regions of the partition wall, or apertures/tubes having a cross-section other than circular. Tubes with dimensions which change with distance from the loudspeaker drive unit are applicable as well.
  • a second diaphragm 15 suspended in the aperture/tube interconnecting the two volumes of the enclosure, e.g., in or at the port, may be used to increase the port mass (plug of air) and reduce turbulence and losses at high power.
  • the drive unit 1 Beside the diaphragm 2, the drive unit 1 includes an apertured chassis 8, a magnet assembly 9, a voice coil 10, a surround 11, a spider 12, and a dust cap 13 in the centre of the diaphragm 4.
  • the loudspeaker drive unit 1 When the loudspeaker drive unit 1 is in operation, sound waves are able to pass rearwardly from the rear of the diaphragm 2 into the sound path established by the two enclosure pieces 4, 6 and the port 7. From the front of the diaphragm 2 sound waves travel through the apertured chassis 3 to the listening environment.
  • the loudspeaker drive unit 1 is of the modern reduced physical depth type, also known as inverse motor loudspeaker, where the magnet assembly 9 is arranged at the front side of the diaphragm 2, i.e., in the sound path leading to the listening environment. Therefore, beside the minimum depth of the loudspeaker system, this loudspeaker design provides also very good heat dissipation for the motor system, i.e., the magnet assembly 9 and the voice coil 10.
  • FIG. 4 shows a mechanical abstraction of the loudspeaker system of FIGS. 1-3 using standard dynamic theory for modelling purposes.
  • an air mass Mv enclosed in the port 7 is tied to ground G by a spring (spring constant K1) provided by the first volume 3 and to the diaphragm 2 (mass Mmd) by another spring (spring constant K2) provided by volume 5.
  • a force F is applied to the diaphragm 2 moving its mass Mmd which is tied to ground G by a spring (spring constant K3) and a damper (damping constant C) provided by the suspension 11 and the spider 12.
  • the system is similar in many ways to the traditional bass reflex design, however the air mass Mv in the port 7, being enclosed, does not form part of the acoustic radiation and is thus tied to ground G via the spring having spring constant K1 in the mechanical model.
  • This second degree of freedom serves only to provide the necessary rear loading to control the diaphragm in the tuned system.
  • the force F applied to the driver and that experienced by the air mass Mv in the port 7 are expressed mathematically and the resulting equations solved to provide the diaphragm displacement.
  • the sound pressure level (SPL) at 1m assuming the system radiates from an infinite baffle can be calculated from the diaphragm displacement. Solving the equations below for x 1 will provide a prediction of the piston displacement x 1 from which diaphragm displacement and, accordingly, SPL predictions can be made.
  • FIG. 5 depicts the results of a comparison of a loudspeaker drive unit operated in free air (solid line) and a loudspeaker drive unit placed in an enclosure enclosing a 5.5 litre (L) air volume (dotted line).
  • SPL sound pressure level
  • FIG. 6 depicts the results of a comparison of a loudspeaker drive unit operated in free air (solid line) and loudspeaker drive unit placed in an enclosure enclosing a 5.5 litre (L) air volume and having an APDC (dotted line) as shown in FIGS. 1-3 (the sum of the two air volumes are equal to the volume of a conventional enclosure).
  • the port diameter is 20mm
  • the port length is 20mm
  • the coupler volume (of enclosure piece 6) is 0.2L
  • the rear volume (of enclosure 4) is 5.3L.
  • the sound pressure level (SPL) in dB over frequency f in Hz of the free air drive unit exhibits a higher sound pressure level at low frequencies (e.g., below 100 Hz) than the drive unit that has ripples at frequencies below and above 100Hz.
  • FIG. 7 depicts the results of the comparison of the loudspeaker drive unit in the sealed enclosure with APDC (dotted line), and the same drive unit in the sealed enclosure without APDC (solid line), where the loudspeaker drive unit in the sealed enclosure with APDC is supplied with double input power (+3dB).
  • the driver used in the modelling was the JM85 Land Rover rear door woofer.
  • the system is scalable and can be used also with loudspeakers with lower bass extension. It can be seen from FIG. 7 that while adding a sealed box reduces the low frequency efficiency, the APDC restores this efficiency to equal the free air case at lower frequencies facilitating bass reproduction in small boxes.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 show results of the experimentally measured diaphragm displacements over a range of low frequencies at both 1v and 6v using a Klippel analyser. These measurement results are compared to the simulation from the derived equations. From these displacement curves, it is possible to predict the SPL in an infinite baffle. It can be seen that there is some loss effect at high power levels due to turbulent effects. Changing (in particular increasing) the port dimensions can optimize this even at the expense of a little of the desired coupler effect. The results demonstrate that the diaphragm is indeed influenced in the same manner as predicted.
  • the plug of air in the port is separating the tuned air volume coupled directly to the diaphragm from the untuned volume established by, e.g., a car body cavity. So the hardly controllable behaviour of the untuned air volume is no longer determining the acoustic properties of the complete loudspeaker system.
  • an appealing aspect of this is that the second volume 5 directly coupled to the diaphragm and the port can be formed from a simple funnel-shaped moulding (e.g., even part of the basket or frame) and therefore would be cheap to add.
  • the benefits would be reducing or eliminating coil rubs due to rocking modes and knowing precisely what the in-situ diaphragm velocity is and being able to simulate or tune the full system more accurately.
  • the APDC may also function as a simple protective rainwater cowl.
  • a conceptual enclosure 15 was created representing a vented subwoofer box having an opening 16.
  • the opening 16 is to interface with the vehicle bodywork and a convenient boundary condition was applied to simulate entry into a long pipe so it is neither sealed nor vented by design.
  • a driver having a diaphragm 17 was loaded into the enclosure both with and without an APDC coupler 18.
  • a coupled acoustic analysis (half model) of the driver plus enclosure and driver in APDC plus enclosure was computed. The results are shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrating the pressure distribution within the enclosure 15 up to the rear surface of the diaphragm 17 for the case where a driver alone is placed into the enclosure 15 ( FIG.
  • the presented loudspeaker system provides a deterministic rear load and alleviates rocking modes. It is tuneable where an increased port diameter restores the original response and retains uniform loading to the rear of the loudspeaker drive unit, e.g., a woofer or subwoofer.
  • APDC Adaptor for Passive Diaphragm Control
  • the use of an Adaptor for Passive Diaphragm Control (APDC) provides a sharper roll in/roll off.
  • APDC Adaptor for Passive Diaphragm Control
  • the acoustic radiation is performed by the diaphragm only and the tuning parameters will be optimised such that no audible port noise is evident.
  • the performance of the presented loudspeaker system is - compared to conventional systems - predictable and a small enclosure can be added with little or no change in designed system resonance. Natural sharp roll off after the Helmholtz resonance of the enclosure reduces interference with other drivers complementing electronic filtering. Having an engineered multi degree of freedom acoustical system controlling the diaphragm, a low frequency extension is possible without adding acoustically absorbent wadding within an enclosure which is often impractical for car audio applications.
  • presented loudspeaker systems may be used in connection with D-Class amplifiers in order to have more power available.
  • the potentially hot motor is on the outside of the enclosure providing very good heat dissipation to the atmosphere considering the higher power supplied.
  • subwoofers are often designed to have very stiff suspension and high moving mass to minimise the effect of the added stiffness of the sealed box.
  • Such a driver must be driven at high power to achieve reasonable acoustical power output and efficiency is generally quite low.
  • lower cost drive units having a lower mass and/or lower stiffness and/or magnetic flux density may be used.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Lautsprechersystem, umfassend:
    ein Gehäuse (4, 6, 8), das zwei separate Luftvolumina (3, 5) umfasst, die akustisch über eine Öffnung (7) verknüpft sind, wobei die Öffnung einen Luftpfropfen umschließt; und
    einen elektroakustischen Wandler (1), der elektrische Leistung in akustische Leistung umwandelt und der ein Diaphragma (2) mit einer Vorderseite und einer Rückseite umfasst; wobei die Vorderseite des Diaphragmas (2) Schall in eine Hörumgebung abstrahlt und die Rückseite direkt akustisch an eines (5) der Volumina (3, 5) des Gehäuses (4, 6, 8) gekoppelt ist, wobei
    das Luftvolumen (5), das direkt an das Diaphragma (2) gekoppelt ist, und der Luftpfropfen, der in der Öffnung (7) eingeschlossen ist, abgestimmt werden, um ein durch den Wandler (1) angetriebenes Resonanzsystem zu bilden; und
    das Volumen (3), welches nicht direkt an das Diaphragma gekoppelt ist, an den Luftpfropfen in der Öffnung gekoppelt ist,
    wobei die Öffnung (7) so angepasst ist, dass die Luftmasse des in die Öffnung (7) eingeschlossenen Luftpfropfens keinen Teil der akustischen Abstrahlung des Systems bildet.
  2. Lautsprechersystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Öffnung (7) eine rohrartige Form aufweist.
  3. Lautsprechersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, wobei das nicht direkt an das Diaphragma (2) gekoppelte Volumen (3) größer als das direkt an das Diaphragma (2) gekoppelte Volumen (5) ist.
  4. Lautsprechersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der Luftpfropfen ein Volumen umfasst, das kleiner als dasjenige der beiden Volumina (3, 5) ist.
  5. Lautsprechersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Diaphragma (2) des elektroakustischen Wandlers (1) eine konusartige Form aufweist.
  6. Lautsprechersystem nach Anspruch 5, wobei das direkt an das Diaphragma (2) gekoppelte Volumen (5) eine konusartige Form aufweist.
  7. Lautsprechersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei das Gehäuse (4, 6, 8) starre Wände umfasst.
  8. Lautsprechersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei der elektroakustische Wandler (1) ein Motorsystem (9, 10) umfasst, das an der Seite des Diaphragmas (2) angeordnet ist, die dem Gehäuse (4, 6, 8) gegenüber liegt.
  9. Lautsprechersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei das Volumen (3), welches nicht direkt an das Diaphragma (2) gekoppelt ist, durch Karosserieteile eines Fahrzeugs gebildet ist.
  10. Lautsprechersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, das ferner ein anderes Diaphragma (15) umfasst, welches sich an oder in der Öffnung (7) befindet.
  11. Lautsprechersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei der elektroakustische Wandler (1) ein Woofer oder Subwoofer ist.
  12. Lautsprechersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei der Wandler (1) einen Rahmen (8) bildet, der einen Teil des Gehäuses (4, 6, 8) bildet.
EP20070024287 2007-12-14 2007-12-14 Lautsprechersystem mit Zwei-Kammer-Gehäuse Active EP2077680B1 (de)

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EP20070024287 EP2077680B1 (de) 2007-12-14 2007-12-14 Lautsprechersystem mit Zwei-Kammer-Gehäuse

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20070024287 EP2077680B1 (de) 2007-12-14 2007-12-14 Lautsprechersystem mit Zwei-Kammer-Gehäuse

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EP2077680A1 EP2077680A1 (de) 2009-07-08
EP2077680B1 true EP2077680B1 (de) 2013-09-11

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10567867B2 (en) 2017-09-05 2020-02-18 Bose Corporation Externally ducted vehicle loudspeaker
RU2737225C2 (ru) * 2018-05-21 2020-11-26 Растошинский Иван Сергеевич Динамический громкоговоритель с внутренним двухполостным резонатором

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8804991B2 (en) 2009-10-23 2014-08-12 Blueprint Acoustics Pty Ltd Loudspeaker assembly and system
CN107211214B (zh) 2015-01-28 2020-12-01 哈曼国际工业有限公司 车辆扬声器布置
US10631081B2 (en) 2015-05-04 2020-04-21 Harman International Industries, Incorporated Venting system for vehicle speaker assembly
CN109076281B (zh) 2016-05-10 2021-03-23 哈曼国际工业有限公司 车辆扬声器布置
DE102016119475B4 (de) * 2016-10-12 2019-02-21 Norman Gerkinsmeyer Schallabsorber und Fahrzeug, sowie Verwendung eines Schallabsorbers
DE102017214404B4 (de) 2017-08-18 2023-12-28 Audi Ag Lautsprecheranordnung und Fahrzeug

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2637487A1 (de) 1976-08-20 1978-02-23 Blaupunkt Werke Gmbh Lautsprechergehaeuse fuer fahrzeuge
JP3466334B2 (ja) 1995-07-14 2003-11-10 三菱電機株式会社 車両用スピーカ装置
US6144751A (en) 1998-02-24 2000-11-07 Velandia; Erich M. Concentrically aligned speaker enclosure
US6389146B1 (en) 2000-02-17 2002-05-14 American Technology Corporation Acoustically asymmetric bandpass loudspeaker with multiple acoustic filters
US7551749B2 (en) 2002-08-23 2009-06-23 Bose Corporation Baffle vibration reducing

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10567867B2 (en) 2017-09-05 2020-02-18 Bose Corporation Externally ducted vehicle loudspeaker
RU2737225C2 (ru) * 2018-05-21 2020-11-26 Растошинский Иван Сергеевич Динамический громкоговоритель с внутренним двухполостным резонатором

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