EP2072628B1 - Hochfeste und kollisionssichere Aluminiumlegierung - Google Patents

Hochfeste und kollisionssichere Aluminiumlegierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2072628B1
EP2072628B1 EP08171736.5A EP08171736A EP2072628B1 EP 2072628 B1 EP2072628 B1 EP 2072628B1 EP 08171736 A EP08171736 A EP 08171736A EP 2072628 B1 EP2072628 B1 EP 2072628B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
aluminium alloy
range
aluminium
product according
alloy
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Not-in-force
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EP08171736.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2072628A1 (de
Inventor
Luisa Maria Marzoli
Jörgen VAN DE LANGKRUIS
Johan Boezewinkel
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ST Extruded Products Germany GmbH
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ST Extruded Products Germany GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an AlMgSi-alloy suitable for manufacturing components having increased strength and retaining a good crash behaviour and to a method for the manufacture of such a new aluminium alloy.
  • alloy designations and temper designations refer to the Aluminium Association designations in Aluminium Standards and Data and the Registration Records, as published by the Aluminium Association in 2007.
  • AlMgSi-type aluminium alloys such as AA6xxx series aluminium alloys are widely used and favoured for their moderately high yield and tensile strengths, low quench sensitivity, good corrosion resistance and favourable forming characteristics.
  • AA6xxx series alloys are increasingly attractive to industries such as transportation because of these well-known properties.
  • Such aluminium alloys are known from the prior art, for example EP-0902842-B2 disclosing a component made from an aluminium alloy containing, in wt.%: 0.4 to 0.8 Si, 0.4 to 0.7 Mg, max. 0.30 Fe, max. 0.20 Cu, max. 0.15 Mn, 0.05 to 0.20 V, max. 0.10 Cr, max. 0.10 Ti, max. 0.10 Zn, others each ⁇ 0.05 and total ⁇ 0.15, balance aluminium.
  • This aluminium alloy has been processed to an overaged T72 condition via a heat treatment of 1 to 5 hours at 190 to 230°C.
  • EP-0936278-B1 discloses an AlMgSi-alloy suitable for manufacturing components having a high ductility, wherein the alloy contains, in wt.%: 0.3 to 1.0 Mg, 0.3 to 1.2 Si, max. 0.35 Fe, > 0.15 to 0.4 Mn, 0.05 to 0.20 V, max. 0.2 Cu, max. 0.2 Cr, max. 0.2 Zn, max. 0.1 Ti, and whereby the Mn/Fe ratio is in a range of 0.67 to 1.0, impurities max. 0.05, total max. 0.15, balance aluminium.
  • an aluminium alloy comprising the alloying elements, in wt.%: Si 0.5 to 0.95 Mg 0.6 to 0.95 Mn 0.1 to 0.3 V 0.05 to 0.25, preferably 0.06 to 0.2, Ni 0.05 to 0.25 Cu maximum 0.05, optionally one or two element(s) selected from the group consisting of: Cr 0.05 to 0.2, and Zr 0.05 to 0.2, Zn ⁇ 0.2, preferably ⁇ 0.1 Fe ⁇ 0.5, preferably ⁇ 0.3 Ti ⁇ 0.1, balance aluminium and inevitable impurities each ⁇ 0.05, total ⁇ 0.15.
  • the aluminium alloy according to the invention has an increased strength, low quench sensitivity, good corrosion resistance, favourable forming characteristics and good crash resistance behaviour combined with a high thermal stability.
  • the Si content is in a range of 0.5% to 0.95%, preferably in a range of 0.75% to 0.95%, and more preferably in a range of 0.80% to 0.95%.
  • the strength is optimized, in particular when used in combination with the Mg content in a range of 0.6% to 0.95%, preferably in a range of 0.70% to 0.95%, and more preferably in a range of 0.75% to 0.90%.
  • the Si content is in a range of 0.8% to 0.95% and the Mg content is in a range of 0.75% to 0.90%.
  • the mechanical properties are enhanced.
  • the aluminium alloy in accordance with the invention is less sensitive for hot-cracking during welding and after extrusion and heat-treatments and provides a fine-grained recrystallized microstructure.
  • a Mn content in the above mentioned range an optimum in mechanical properties and extrudability is obtained by the beneficial effect of Mn on the ductility and on the formation of alpha-type Fe-containing intermetallics.
  • V is added to enhance recrystallisation and is present in a range of 0.05% to 0.25%, and preferably in a range of 0.06% to 0.2%.
  • Ni is important for the aluminium alloy in accordance with the invention as Ni levels above 0.05% increases both the yield strength and the tensile strength and significantly improve the thermal stability of the aluminium alloy products.
  • Ni should be in a range of 0.05% to 0.25%, preferably in a range of 0.08% to 0.2%, and more preferably in a range of 0.09% to 0.18%.
  • Cu can be present in the aluminium alloy according to the invention at 0.05% maximum.
  • Cr and/or Zr are used to control the grain structure. Therefore, one or both of Cr and Zr can be added in a range of 0.05% to 0.2% Cr and/or in a range of 0.05% to 0.2% Zr. In one particular embodiment there is no Zr added other then present, if any, at impurity level, whereas Cr is added is a range of 0.08% to 0.2%.
  • Zn is considered to be an impurity element and can be tolerated in a amount ⁇ 0.2%, but is preferably less than 0.1 %.
  • iron provides a slight increase in strength, it should be present in an amount not more than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.3% to reduce the adverse formation of intermetallic particles which could initiate fracture during a crash of the final component.
  • Ti may serve as a grain refiner during solidification of both ingots and welded joints produced using the aluminium alloy of the invention.
  • the preferred range for Ti is not more than 0.1%, and a typical Ti content for grain refiner purposes is in a range of 0.01% to 0.04%.
  • the balance is aluminium and inevitable impurities.
  • each impurity element is present a less than 0.05 wt.% and the total of impurities is less than 0.15%.
  • the invention provides a method for manufacturing a product of the aluminium alloy in accordance with the invention, wherein in method comprising the steps of:
  • the aluminium alloy product acquires the desired properties.
  • semi-continuous casting processes For casting the aluminium alloy into extrusion billets semi-continuous casting processes can be used. Preferably, semi-continuous Direct Chill (DC)-casting is used.
  • DC Direct Chill
  • the aluminium alloy is homogenised.
  • the aim of the homogenising treatment is amongst other things, to homogenise the microstructure, to dissolve Mg and Si, to level off possible residual stresses resulting from the casting process, to form dispersoid type particles for controlling the extruded grain structure, and to spheroidize sharp or needle shaped intermetallic compounds formed during solidification of the aluminium alloy.
  • a high homogenisation temperature is favoured against a low homogenisation temperature.
  • the alloy can be cooled, for example by means of air cooling. Further the alloy can be preheated, preferably to a temperature in the range of about 480°C and extruded. It is possible to use direct or indirect extrusion. Using an extrusion process the aluminium alloy in accordance with the invention can be processed into e.g. two-hole crash boxes having a cross section with a width of 40 to 50 mm and a wall thickness of 1 to 3 mm. In an alternative embodiment the aluminium alloy can be processed by means of forging.
  • the aluminium alloy of the invention is quenched, ideally press-quenched, for example by means of water, water spray, forced air, other cooling liquid or by means of nitrogen.
  • the material is aged to desired level of mechanical and physical properties.
  • the alloy of the present invention is artificially aged to a desired temper, which would ideally be an overaged temper such as T7, in particular when used for applications requiring a high capacity for absorbing kinetic energy by plastic deformation.
  • the aluminium alloy can be aged to a T6 condition for higher strength or to an underaged condition, or subjected to a stabilisation anneal at a temperature in a range of 50 to 120°C to improve on cold formability and/or paint bake response.
  • the aluminium alloy is preferably suitable for application to components which, amongst other things require a high capacity for absorbing kinetic energy by plastic deformation, such as components suitable for application in automotive and railway vehicles, such as bumpers.
  • the aluminium alloy according to the invention is preferably processed via extrusion, it is also suitable to be applied in forged constructions for example as a suspension part in a car, for which application the formation of coarse recrystallised grains is avoided as this has an adverse effect on the fatigue performance of the component.
  • Fig. 1 shows an extruded crash box according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Table 1 lists the chemical compositions in weight percent of some comparative materials (alloys 3-4) and alloys which fall within the scope of the present invention (alloys 1-2). All these aluminium alloys were processed by the steps of:
  • Table 2 shows the mechanical properties of the alloys in T7 (210°C for 4.5h) and after a subsequent thermal stability (“TS”) treatment of 225h at 170°C.
  • This thermal stability treatment is an important requirement also for the specific application in a crash box, as the extruded product will be installed in a car near or close to the engine.
  • the products in their final temper were subjected to a further cycle (thermal stability treatment) of 225h at 170°C.
  • "Rm” is the ultimate tensile strength
  • Rp0.2 is the 0.2% yield strength
  • A is the elongation at fracture ("A5" in accordance with German standards).
  • alloys 1 to 4 Chemical compositions of alloys 1 to 4, all in wt.%, balance aluminium and unavoidable impurities.
  • Alloy Invention Mg Si Ti V Mn Fe Cu Ni Zr 1 Yes 0.95 0.90 0.04 0.12 0.21 0.29 ⁇ 0.01 0.13 ⁇ 0.01 2 Yes 0.88 0.82 0.04 0.11 0.18 0.27 ⁇ 0.01 0.13 ⁇ 0.01 3 No 0.86 0.81 0.03 0.11 0.18 0.28 ⁇ 0.01 ⁇ 0.01 0.11 4 No 0.86 0.79 0.04 0.11 0.16 0.26 ⁇ 0.01 ⁇ 0.01 0.11 Table 2. Mechanical properties of the extruded aluminium alloy products after ageing and after ageing combined with a subsequent thermal stability treatment.
  • alloys 1 and 2 in accordance with the present invention having Ni as an alloying element show an improved strength after T7 ageing. Moreover, these alloys show an improved strength after thermal stability treatment.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Extrudiertes oder geschmiedetes Produkt aus einer Aluminiumlegierung des Typs AlMgSi mit einer hohen Schlagfestigkeit, wobei die Aluminiumlegierung in Gew.-% besteht aus: Si 0,5 bis 0,95 Mg 0,6 bis 0,95 Mn 0,1 bis 0,3 V 0,05 bis 0,25 Ni 0,05 bis 0,25 Cu maximal 0,05,
    optional ein oder zwei Element(e) ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, die besteht aus: Cr 0,05 bis 0,2, und Zr 0,05 bis 0,2, Zn <0,2, vorzugsweise <0,1 Fe <0,5, vorzugsweise <0,3 Ti <0,1,
    Rest Aluminium und unvermeidliche Verunreinigungen, je <0,05, insgesamt <0,15.
  2. Aluminiumlegierungsprodukt nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Si-Gehalt in einem Bereich von 0,75% bis 0,95% und vorzugsweise 0,80% bis 0,95% liegt.
  3. Aluminiumlegierungsprodukt nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Mg-Gehalt in einem Bereich von 0,70% bis 0,95% und vorzugsweise 0,75% bis 0,9% liegt.
  4. Aluminiumlegierungsprodukt nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei der Mn-Gehalt in einem Bereich von 0,1% bis 0,25% und vorzugsweise 0,16% bis 0,25% liegt.
  5. Aluminiumlegierungsprodukt nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Legierung frei von Zr ist und Cr in einem Bereich von 0,08% bis 0,2% enthält.
  6. Aluminiumlegierungsprodukt nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der Ni-Gehalt in einem Bereich von 0,08% bis 0,2% und vorzugsweise 0,09% bis 0,18% liegt.
  7. Aluminiumlegierungsprodukt nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei das Legierungsprodukt im überalterten Zustand eine 0,2%-Streckgrenze (Rp0.2) von mindestens 280 MPa und vorzugsweise mindestens 295 MPa hat.
  8. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines extrudierten Aluminiumlegierungsprodukts nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das Verfahren die Schritte aufweist:
    (a) Gießen der Legierung in Blöcke;
    (b) Homogenisieren des Gussblocks;
    (c) Kühlen;
    (d) optional Vorwärmen;
    (e) Extrudieren oder Schmieden;
    (f) Abschrecken; und
    (g) Altern des Produkts.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, wobei das Aluminiumlegierungsprodukt in Form einer Crashbox vorliegt.
  10. Verwendung des nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 extrudierten oder durch das Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 gewonnenes Aluminiumlegierungsprodukts in einer Crashbox.
EP08171736.5A 2007-12-19 2008-12-16 Hochfeste und kollisionssichere Aluminiumlegierung Not-in-force EP2072628B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP08171736.5A EP2072628B1 (de) 2007-12-19 2008-12-16 Hochfeste und kollisionssichere Aluminiumlegierung

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP07024596 2007-12-19
EP08171736.5A EP2072628B1 (de) 2007-12-19 2008-12-16 Hochfeste und kollisionssichere Aluminiumlegierung

Publications (2)

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EP2072628A1 EP2072628A1 (de) 2009-06-24
EP2072628B1 true EP2072628B1 (de) 2017-10-18

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Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2563944B1 (de) 2010-04-26 2014-06-18 Sapa AB Schadenstolerantes material aus aluminium mit einer mehrlagiger mikrostruktur
CN102392157B (zh) * 2011-11-17 2017-02-01 江苏亘德科技有限公司 一种电动自行车车架管用铝合金棒的制备方法
CN104245981B (zh) 2012-04-25 2017-08-11 诺尔斯海德公司 具有改进性质的Al‑Mg‑Si铝合金
DE102013018744A1 (de) * 2013-11-08 2014-08-14 Daimler Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bauteils für ein Kraftfahrzeug
CN105483464B (zh) * 2015-12-17 2017-09-22 上海友升铝业有限公司 一种适用于汽车保险杠吸能盒的Al‑Mg‑Si系合金材料
CN105970008B (zh) * 2016-05-19 2017-08-25 广东伟业铝厂集团有限公司 一种气缸合金型材及其生产工艺
CN105821265B (zh) * 2016-05-19 2017-08-25 广东伟业铝厂集团有限公司 一种大截面厚壁合金型材及其生产工艺
CN109097644A (zh) * 2018-10-10 2018-12-28 江苏亚太安信达铝业有限公司 一种用于汽车转向节的高强度铝合金及其制备汽车转向节的方法
CN115433855A (zh) * 2021-06-01 2022-12-06 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 具有低碳足迹的铝挤出物
CN114032423A (zh) * 2021-09-28 2022-02-11 广东坚美铝型材厂（集团）有限公司 用于汽车防撞梁的铝合金及其制备方法
CN114574738B (zh) * 2022-03-02 2023-10-13 湖南中创空天新材料股份有限公司 一种汽车轮毂用6061铝合金及其制备方法
FR3142767A1 (fr) 2022-12-05 2024-06-07 Constellium Neuf-Brisach ALLIAGE d’ALUMINIUM 6XXX AVEC RECYCLABILITE AMELIOREE

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JPH0633178A (ja) * 1992-07-15 1994-02-08 Furukawa Alum Co Ltd 成形性と強度に優れたホイールリム用アルミニウム合金板材
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