EP2059942B1 - Switching device, in particular a compact starter - Google Patents
Switching device, in particular a compact starter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2059942B1 EP2059942B1 EP06775929A EP06775929A EP2059942B1 EP 2059942 B1 EP2059942 B1 EP 2059942B1 EP 06775929 A EP06775929 A EP 06775929A EP 06775929 A EP06775929 A EP 06775929A EP 2059942 B1 EP2059942 B1 EP 2059942B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switching
- contact
- switching point
- switching device
- short
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H89/00—Combinations of two or more different basic types of electric switches, relays, selectors and emergency protective devices, not covered by any single one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H01H89/06—Combination of a manual reset circuit with a contactor, i.e. the same circuit controlled by both a protective and a remote control device
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H89/00—Combinations of two or more different basic types of electric switches, relays, selectors and emergency protective devices, not covered by any single one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H01H89/06—Combination of a manual reset circuit with a contactor, i.e. the same circuit controlled by both a protective and a remote control device
- H01H2089/065—Coordination between protection and remote control, e.g. protection job repartition, mutual assistance or monitoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
- H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
- H01H71/50—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release
- H01H71/504—Manual reset mechanisms which may be also used for manual release provided with anti-rebound means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a switching device which has a first switching point for the operational switching of at least one current path and a second switching point for switching off a short-circuit current.
- the first and second switching points are connected in series.
- switching devices in particular low-voltage switchgear, the current paths between an electrical supply device and consumers and thus their operating currents can be switched.
- the connected consumers can be reliably switched on and off.
- a low-voltage electrical switching device has one or more so-called main contacts for switching the current paths, which can be controlled by one or more control magnets.
- a low voltage switching device may e.g. a contactor, a circuit breaker, a motor feeder or a compact starter.
- the main contacts consist of a movable contact bridge and fixed contact pieces to which the consumer and the supply device are connected.
- a corresponding on or off signal is given to the control magnets.
- the control magnets act by means of their armature on the movable contact bridges such that the contact bridges perform a relative movement with respect to the fixed contact pieces. As a result, the current paths to be switched can be closed or opened.
- the switching device can no longer switch off the load safely, even though there is a switch-off command for the control. In a welded contact then remains at least the current path with the welded main contact further current or live. The consumer is therefore not completely disconnected from the utility. Since the consumer remains in a non-safe state, the switching device is a potential source of error.
- switching devices such as off DE 43 35 965 A1 known, consisting of two conventional and series switching devices, such as a contactor and circuit breaker or a contactor and overcurrent relay exist.
- the contactor is used for operational switching (switching function) of a consumer, while the circuit breaker intervenes only in the event of a short circuit (protective function).
- the two switching devices are usually connected to each other mechanically and electrically with a connection module.
- Such a combination of switching devices is also referred to as a motor branch.
- the circuit breaker switches off the short-circuit current. Due to the much higher short-circuit current compared to the maximum rated current, the switch contacts of the contactor weld. The reason for this is the high short-circuit current, which leads to an easy opening of the switching contacts. Between the switching contacts, an arc forms, which melts the contact surfaces of the switching contacts. When the short-circuit current decreases, the switching contacts close again, with the switching contacts welding together as the fused contact surfaces solidify. The contactor is defective after the short circuit.
- US 5,541,561 A1 discloses a switching device according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Object of the present invention is to provide a switching device which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above.
- the first and second switching point are housed in a common housing. To connect the current paths, electrical connections and optionally a control connection for the input of a switching command in or on the housing are available.
- the first switching point is designed for a maximum continuous current.
- the second switching point is designed for (repeatedly) switching off a short-circuit current, which may be a multiple of the maximum continuous current.
- the first switching point has at least one Main contact, which is by means of a Maisetzhaltesystems or Maiszuhaltesystems at least for the duration of a short circuit preserved or sustainable.
- the contact holding system or the contact holding system prevents welding of the first switching point in the event of a short circuit.
- the structure of such a switching device simplifies considerably.
- a separate connection module for connecting the first and second switching point is not required.
- the protective function of the switching device according to the invention is maintained both in the case of short circuit and in welded main contacts of the first switching means.
- the main contacts of the first switching means are kept open or closed by the contact holding system or by the contact holding system. Damage to the main contacts does not occur. If one of the main contacts of the first switching means worn at the end of life and therefore welded, there is a shutdown of the current paths through the second switching point.
- the first switching point only needs to be designed in such a way that it can (just) still be able to control a short-circuit current until it is switched off by the second switching point without damage.
- the second switching point only needs to be designed for a maximum design short-circuit current.
- Such a switching device according to the invention is consequently more compact and reliable.
- the integration of the two switching points in a housing is an unwanted technical change or a non-optimal performance tuning the respective parameters of the two switching points on each other not possible.
- the contact suspension system has a particular electromagnetic actuator which opens the at least one main contact by means of a contact slide in the event of a short circuit and keeps it open until the short-circuit current through the second switching point.
- the actuator may for example be in a mechanical operative connection with the contact slide, which is connected for operational switching with a switching drive or control magnet of the first switching means.
- the actuator can directly actuate the main contacts by means of a further contact slide which is independent of the previously mentioned contact slide.
- the Kunststoffzuhaltesystem may have a particular electromagnetic actuator, which keeps closed the at least one main contact by means of a contact slide until the short circuit current through the second switching point.
- the electromagnetic actuator of the Kunststoffetzhalte- or Kunststoffzuhaltesystems having an electromagnet.
- the electromagnet is a submersible or lifting magnet, which is connected in at least one of the current paths for electrical excitation.
- the actuator may have a particular mechanical, pneumatic, electrical or electro-mechanical damping device, which the actuated contact slide after elimination of electrical excitation can be driven back to the starting position after a delay time. It is essential that in a short circuit case as quickly as possible actuation of the main contacts takes place in order to hold or zuhalten. In particular, the actuation should take place within a few milliseconds. In contrast, the contact slide should drop only after a period of 20 to 200 milliseconds.
- a mechanical damping device may, for example, have a spring system which, after the delay time, causes the contact slide to be damped back.
- a pneumatic damping device may e.g. Have a pressure cylinder, which is acted upon in the event of a short circuit with compressed air and which only delayed can reduce the pressure.
- An electric damping device may e.g. have a diode freewheeling circuit or a buffer capacitor. The stored electrical energy delays the degradation of the magnetic field which holds the actuator in the actuated position.
- the second switching point has a short-circuit current detection, which outputs a control signal in the event of a short circuit.
- the at least one main contact of the first switching point can then be opened by means of the electromagnetic actuator in response to the control signal.
- the second switching point has a short-circuit current detection, which outputs a control signal in the event of a short circuit.
- the at least one main contact of the first switching point is sustainable by means of the electromagnetic actuator in response to the control signal.
- the short-circuit current detection of the second switching point can be done for example by means of a coil, a current transformer or a measuring resistor. That of the short-circuit current detection provided control signal preferably energizes or controls the electromagnetic actuator of the first switching point.
- the control signal provided can be electrically buffered by the short-circuit current detection, for example by means of a capacitor, so that the electromagnetic actuator can retract into its rest position with a delay.
- the signal can also be generated by means of an electronic time module or by means of a microcontroller, for example as part of the short-circuit current detection.
- an electronic control unit such as e.g. the aforementioned microcontroller, take over control and monitoring functions of both the first and the second switching point.
- the control tasks may relate to switching commands for switching the first and for triggering the second switching point.
- the monitoring tasks may concern the short-circuit current monitoring and possibly an overcurrent monitoring in the device.
- the electronic control unit may e.g. have a bus interface. In the event of an error or in the case of triggering the second switching point, a corresponding message, e.g. be sold to a higher-level control center.
- the second switching point of the first switching point provides a short-circuit signal already detected by means of the short-circuit current detection as a control signal.
- the second switching point has isolating contacts which can be opened in the event of a short circuit by means of a triggering mechanism.
- the second switching point actuates a release ram in operative engagement with the release mechanism.
- the second switching point has isolating contacts which can be opened in the event of a short circuit by means of a triggering mechanism.
- the second switching point actuates a Zuhaltest maneuverel in operative connection with the release mechanism.
- the Zuhaltest projects the at least one main contact of the first switching point is sustainable.
- the Zuhaltestschreibel is operable at least for the duration of the short circuit.
- the holding or Zuhaltest Jardinel is preferably mechanically coupled to the contact slide for opening the isolating contacts.
- a switching mechanism may be present, which actuates the contact slide. With the switch lock and the holding or Zuhaltestcontestedel may be mechanically connected.
- the switching mechanism may have a spring memory, which is released in the event of a short circuit to open the isolating contacts.
- the switching mechanism or the triggering mechanism of the second switching point can be configured in such a way that the main contacts of the first switching point can be broken open via the stopping tappet of the second switching point. Welded main contacts are, as already explained above, especially at the end of life of the first switching means before.
- the particular advantage of the two previous embodiments lies in the inventive interaction between the first and second switching point.
- the second switching point mechanically actuates the main contacts of the first switching point to avoid contact welding in the short-circuiting case without the first switching point itself engaging.
- the holding or Zuhaltestsonsel is connected to a particular mechanical or pneumatic damping device.
- the damping device leaves the holding or Zuhaltestcontestedel Return to the starting position after a delay time.
- the delay time can be adjustable.
- the damping device can, as described above, be designed differently.
- the first switching point has at least one main contact which can be switched on and off and at least one switching drive with a movable armature.
- the at least one main contact has fixed contact pieces and a movable contact bridge.
- the Kunststoffzuhaltesystem has a magnetic field concentrator with a U-shaped profile of a magnetic material. The magnetic field concentrator surrounds the fixed contacts and the movable contact bridge while maintaining a minimum voltage gap or a minimum air gap.
- the magnetic field concentrator can also be C-shaped or V-shaped. It is crucial with respect to the geometric configuration and the arrangement in the first switching point that the magnetic field concentrator surrounds only the movable contact bridge without contact with the voltage and current-carrying parts of the switching device. It is also crucial that the magnetic field concentrator is designed to be semi-open in the region of the contact bridge.
- the magnetic field concentrator according to the invention concentrates the magnetic flux in the end region of the U-shaped profile or the U-shaped yoke. Due to the local high magnetic field in the end region, the otherwise open-to-open contact bridge is pressed into the U-shaped profile in the event of a short circuit.
- the main contacts of the first switching point are advantageously locked at least for the duration of a short circuit.
- the profile or the bracket is made of a magnetic, in particular ferromagnetic, material.
- the magnetic material has in particular a permeability number ⁇ r of at least 100, for example 1000. In the magnetic material is by the conductor magnetic field of Current path generates a magnetic field with a much higher magnetic induction.
- the magnetic field thus induced pushes the contact bridge in the event of a short circuit in addition to the contact spring force on the fixed contact pieces of the first switching point. Opening the contact bridge is effectively prevented. It is prevented that the at least one main contact can weld before the short-circuit shutdown occurs through the second switching point.
- the U-shaped profile of the magnetic field concentrator has legs of such a length that the leg ends are arranged for magnetic flux concentration at least approximately in the region of the contact bridge.
- the leg ends are arranged in the region of the opened contact bridge.
- the magnetic field concentrator can also be designed in two parts, wherein in each case a U-shaped profile of the magnetic field concentrator in the region of the two stationary contact pieces is arranged in compliance with a minimum voltage distance or a minimum air gap from each other.
- the magnetic field concentrator may be made of a magnetic sheet such as iron or nickel. Due to the minimum voltage separation, an arc occurring during the interruption of contact can not take the electrical "shorter" path over the electrically conductive metal sheet. Deletion of the arc and a safe separation of the current path through the main contacts may not be possible.
- the magnetic field concentrator or U-shaped profile may be made of a nonconductive magnetic material, such as e.g. Ferrite, be prepared.
- a nonconductive magnetic material such as e.g. Ferrite
- the one-piece embodiment of the magnetic field concentrator is particularly advantageous.
- the first switching point is a contactor.
- the contactor serves the switching function of the switching device.
- the actuation of the contactor is effected by electrical excitation of the control magnet or the switching drive of the contactor by means of a drive signal.
- the drive signal can be supplied to the contactor via the control input arranged on or in the housing.
- the drive signal may also be within the switching device, such as. be generated cyclically by means of a timer, for example.
- the first switching means or the contactor is typically designed for a number of several thousand switching operations.
- the second switching point is in particular a circuit breaker.
- the circuit breaker has in particular a switching mechanism for actuating the isolating contacts.
- the switch lock can be "pre-tensioned" manually and remotely and thus switched on again.
- the second switch only needs for comparatively few switching operations, such as e.g. 100, to be laid out.
- the first switching point and / or the second switching point can be designed to switch off an overcurrent.
- the overcurrent can not exceed twice the continuous current. This also short-term, but not permanent currents can be switched.
- the switching device is a three-pole switching device with three main contacts for switching on and off of three current paths and with three isolating contacts for switching off a short-circuit current.
- the switching device is a motor branch or a compact starter.
- FIG. 1 shows an electrical circuit diagram of a series circuit 20 of two independent and series-connected switching devices 21, 23 according to the prior art.
- the first switching device 23 in the right part of FIG. 1 has a first switching point 30.
- the first switching point 30 is eg a contactor and has a switching drive or a control magnet 32 for actuating main contacts 31.
- the two switching devices 21, 23 executed three poles.
- the reference symbols L1-L3 designate current paths or power lines which can be opened or closed by means of the first switching point 30.
- the reference numeral 33 denotes a load-side supply of the current paths L1-L3.
- the reference numeral 25 denotes a network-side supply of the current paths L1-L3.
- a second switching device 21 which has a second switching point 24.
- the second switching point 24 is, for example, a short circuit or circuit breaker, symbolized by a digital trip signal and by the label I> for an exceeded comparison current.
- the second switching point 24 has a switching lock (not further shown) with a short-circuit current detection 27 for opening isolating contacts 26.
- connection module 22 In the middle part of the FIG. 1 a connection module 22 is shown.
- the two switching devices 21, 23 are mechanically and electrically connected to each other during assembly.
- the respective connecting lines of the connection block 22 are designated.
- the main contacts 31 of the first switching device 23 in a consumer-side short circuit due to the high short-circuit current, adversely weld.
- the first switching device 23 is then replaced.
- FIG. 2 shows an electrical circuit diagram of a switching device 40 with only one switching point 41 for a simultaneous switching function and protection function according to the prior art.
- the switching point 41 has a contactor 44 and a short-circuit or circuit breaker with a short-circuit current detection 45. Both switches act independently of each other on the common switch contacts 43.
- Reference numeral 46 denotes a load-side supply of the current paths L1-L3.
- the reference numeral 42 denotes a network-side supply of the current paths L1-L3.
- the switch contacts 43 can weld at the end of life. A break in a consumer is no longer possible in the event of a short circuit or overcurrent.
- FIG. 3 shows by way of example a switching device 1 according to the invention with a common housing G.
- a not shown first switching point for operational switching of at least one current path L1-L3 and a second switching point for switching off a short-circuit current are housed.
- three current paths L1-L3 are present.
- the first and second switching points are connected in series.
- electrical connections IN, OUT and a control terminal CON for the input of a switching command to the housing G are present.
- the electrical connections IN, OUT can be arranged within the device G, such as in the form of terminals.
- a control magnet of the first switching point can be excited via the control connection CON.
- the control terminal CON can also be a bus connection to the switching device 1 alternatively formed for example for automatic automatic cyclic operation, can be dispensed with the control port.
- the designated by way of example RES key serves to reconnect the second switching means in the event of a short-circuit or overcurrent trip.
- the first switching point 2 is a contactor and in particular a weld-free contactor.
- Such contactors 2 are typically designed for a number of several thousand switching operations.
- the second switching point 3 is a power switch or a short-circuit switch.
- Such switches 3 are for a few, e.g. 100, switching operations designed.
- the first switching point 2 and / or the second switching point 3 may be designed to switch off an overcurrent, wherein the overcurrent may be twice the continuous current. Depending on the application, the overcurrent may be more or less than twice the continuous current or rated current.
- the switching device 1 is in particular, as described above, a three-pole switching device 1 with three main contacts 9 for switching on and off of three current paths L1-L3 and three isolating contacts 5 for switching off a short-circuit current.
- the switching device 1 may alternatively be formed 2-, 4-, 5-pin or multipolar.
- the switching device 1 is a motor branch or a compact starter. Such switching devices 1 can be used as reliable and compact standalone devices for securing consumers.
- FIG. 4 shows an electrical circuit diagram of a switching device 1 with a contact holding system A according to the invention.
- a first switching point 2 for operational switching illustrated by example three current paths L1-L3 and a second switching point 3 for switching off a short-circuit current.
- the first and second switching points 2, 3 are connected in series.
- the reference numeral 4 denotes a network-side and by the reference numeral 10 a consumer-side supply of the current paths L1-L3.
- the first switching point 2 is designed according to the invention for a maximum continuous current.
- the second switching point 3 is designed to switch off a short-circuit current, which may be a multiple of the maximum continuous current.
- the second switching point 3 also has a short-circuit current detection 6 and isolating contacts 5 for interrupting the current paths L1-L3 in the event of a short circuit.
- the contact holding system A has a particular electromagnetic actuator 12 which opens the at least one main contact 9 by means of the contact slide 11 or alternatively by means of the contact retention slide 11 'in the event of a short circuit. Both contact slides 11, 11 'keep the main contacts 9 open until the short-circuit current is switched off by the second switching point 3.
- FIG. 5 shows an electrical circuit diagram of the switching device 1 according to FIG. 4 in a first embodiment.
- the actuator 12 has an electromagnet and in particular a submersible or lifting magnet, which is connected in at least one of the current paths L1-L3 for electrical excitation. In the present FIG. 5 this is represented by the symbol of an electric coil and by way of example for only one current path L1.
- the actuator 12 is electrically energized due to the high short-circuit current such that an armature (not shown) movably connected to the actuator 12 is actuated.
- the extending from the coil and dashed line shows the energy flow to the actuator 12 at.
- the armature can actuate the contact slide 11 or the contact suspension slide 11 '.
- FIG. 6 shows an electrical circuit diagram of the switching device 1 according to FIG. 4 in a second embodiment.
- the second switching point 3 has the short-circuit current detection 6, which outputs a control signal T in the event of a short circuit.
- the at least one main contact 9 of the first switching point 2 can be opened by means of the actuator 12 in response to the control signal T.
- the short-circuit current detection 6 may be e.g. by means of a coil, a current transformer or a measuring resistor.
- the short-circuit signal T can be generated directly from the electrical voltage induced there and output to the electromagnetic actuator 12.
- the short-circuit signal T may be e.g. be buffered by means of a capacitor. As a result, the electromagnetic actuator 12 falls back into its rest position only after a delay.
- the main contacts 5 are kept open at least until the short-circuit current is switched off and only then closed again.
- FIG. 7 shows an electrical circuit diagram of the switching device 1 according to FIG. 4 in a third embodiment.
- the second Switching point 3 has isolating contacts 5, which can be opened in the event of a short circuit by means of a triggering mechanism not shown in detail.
- the second switching point 3 actuates a stop ram 18 which is in operative connection with the tripping mechanism.
- the stop ram 18 By means of the stop ram 18, the at least one main contact 9 of the first switching point 2 can be opened.
- three main contacts 9 are shown.
- the containment ram 18 is preferably mechanically coupled to a disconnect contact slide (not further described) for opening the release contacts 5.
- the second switching point 3 may be e.g. have a switching mechanism which actuates the separating contact slide.
- the Aufhaltestêtel 18 may alternatively be coupled directly to the switch lock.
- the switch lock has a spring storage, such as a spring lock. a cylindrical spring made of spring steel, on. The spring accumulator or the cylinder spring is released in the event of a short circuit to open the isolating contacts 5.
- FIG. 8 shows an electrical diagram of a switching device with a contact holding system according to the invention.
- the FIG. 8 is different from the FIG. 4 in that the actuator 12 keeps the at least one main contact 9 closed by means of a contact slide 11, 11 "until the short-circuit current is switched off by the second switching point 3. As a result, no arc occurs, which forms the contact pieces could damage the main contacts 9 during the short circuit. Otherwise, the same applies to FIG. 4 made statements on the present FIG. 8 to.
- FIG. 9 shows an electrical circuit diagram of the switching device 1 according to FIG. 8 in a first embodiment.
- the FIG. 9 is different from the FIG. 5 in that the actuator 12 holds the main contacts 9 at least until the end of the short circuit. Otherwise, the same applies to FIG. 5 made statements on the present FIG. 9 to.
- FIG. 11 shows an electrical circuit diagram of the switching device according to FIG. 8 in a third embodiment.
- the FIG. 11 is different from the FIG. 7 in that the second switching point 3 actuates a locking ram 19, which is in operative connection with the triggering mechanism, by means of which the at least one main contact 9 of the first switching point 2 can be preserved. Otherwise, the same applies to FIG. 7 made statements on the present FIG. 11 to.
- FIG. 12 shows an example of an electromechanical actuator 12 with a damping device 15.
- the actuator 12 has a pneumatic damping device 15.
- the damping device 15 causes the actuated contact slide 11, 11 ', 11 "or the actuated hold-open or tumbler 17, 18 after the elimination of the electrical excitation only after a delay time .DELTA.T return to the starting position.
- the actuator 12 is an example of a lifting or immersion magnet with a concentrically formed plunger coil 14.
- the plunger coil 14 is traversed by a current i to excite.
- a magnetic plunger 16 is movably arranged inside the concentric plunger coil 14.
- the immersion body 16 is drawn in current excitation against a spring 13 in the plunger coil 14.
- the immersion body 16 is one of the previous FIGS. 4 to 11 Contact sliders 11, 11 ', 11 "or connected to a stopper plunger 18 or tumbler 19 for actuating the main contacts 9.
- FIG. 13 shows an example of a magnetic field concentrator in a Grezuhaltesystem Z of a switching device 1 in a sectional view according to the invention.
- the first switching point 2 has at least one main contact 9 which can be switched on and off and at least one switching drive with a movable armature. For reasons of clarity, the switching drive and the armature are not shown.
- only one main contact 9 for explaining the principle of action of Maiszuhaltesystems Z is shown.
- the main contact 9 has fixed contact pieces 51a, 51b and a movable contact bridge 52. With the fixed contact pieces 51a, 51b vertically shown feeds of the current paths L1-L3 and horizontally extending erase current paths 50a, 50b are connected.
- the erase current paths 50a, 50b lead to spark extinguishing chambers 54 for extinguishing the arc which arises when the main contact 9 is disconnected.
- Reference numeral i denotes the closed contact bridge 52 shown in FIG referred to in the main contact 9 in and out flowing stream.
- the Kunststoffzuhaltesystem Z comprises a magnetic field concentrator with a particular U-shaped profile 53 of a magnetic material, such. Iron or nickel, on.
- the reference character SF designates the exemplary planar side surfaces.
- the reference symbol OS designates the top side of the profile 53.
- the magnetic field concentrator surrounds the fixed contact pieces 51 and the movable contact bridge 52 while maintaining a minimum voltage gap or a minimum air gap.
- the magnetic field concentrator may e.g. also be C-shaped. It is crucial that the magnetic field concentrator surrounds only the movable contact bridge 52 without contact with the voltage and current-carrying parts of the switching device. Depending on the voltage to be separated, the minimum distance may be in the range of 1 mm to 10 mm. Furthermore, it is crucial that the magnetic field concentrator is designed to be semi-open in the area of the contact bridge.
- the magnetic field concentrator according to the invention concentrates the magnetic flux in the end region of the U-shaped profile 53 and the U-shaped yoke, respectively.
- a magnetic field is generated, which presses the contact bridge 52 in addition to the contact spring force on the fixed contact pieces 51a, 51b of the first switching point in the event of a short circuit. Opening the contact bridge 52 is effectively prevented.
- the main contact 9 of the first switching point is thus advantageously locked at least for the duration of a short circuit.
- the magnetic field concentrator is, as already in FIG. 13 shown, made in two parts. In each case a U-shaped profile 53a, 53b of the magnetic field concentrator is in the region of the two fixed contact pieces 51a, 51b spaced from each other while maintaining a minimum voltage distance or a minimum air gap. Due to the minimum voltage separation, an arc occurring during the interruption of contact can not take the electrical "shorter" path over the electrically conductive metal sheet. It may not be possible to extinguish the arc.
- the U-shaped profile 53 has legs of such a length that the leg ends are arranged for magnetic flux concentration at least approximately in the region of the contact bridge 52.
- the leg ends lie in the region of the contact bridge 52 in the opened state of the contact bridge 52.
- the U-shaped profile 53 may have a recess for the supply of the current paths L1-L3 on the upper side OS, wherein a minimum voltage distance or a minimum air gap to the current and voltage-carrying parts of the first switching point should be maintained.
- the U-shaped profile 53 is made of a non-conductive magnetic material, such as e.g. Ferrite produced, so the magnetic field concentrator can also be made in one piece due to the non-conductive properties of the ferrite.
- a non-conductive magnetic material such as e.g. Ferrite produced
- the permanent magnets 55 can pre-magnetize the U-shaped profile 53 already. This makes it possible to form a magnetic field concentration in the leg end region without a current i flowing through the main contact 9.
- This embodiment is advantageous in switching devices for switching direct currents or DC voltages. Due to the bias, the force to be held in the event of a short circuit on the contact bridge 52 is particularly great.
- FIG. 14 shows the example according to FIG. 13 in a sectional view along the drawn section line XIV-XIV.
- the U-shaped profile 53 of the magnetic field concentrator is better recognizable.
- other cross-sectional shapes are possible.
- the side surfaces SF of the profile 53 need not be flat. These can also be curved, for example.
- FIG. 15 shows an example of the magnetic field profile of a magnetic field concentrator in a sectional view and in the event of a short circuit.
- the magnetic field lines are designated by the reference character MF.
- the section through the exemplary magnetic field concentrator takes place approximately along the in FIG. 13 shown section line XIV-XIV.
- the magnetic field profile is shown for only one half of the U-shaped profile 53.
- the magnetic field profile for the left part of the U-shaped profile 53 is obtained by mirroring the magnetic field profile for the right-hand part of the U-shaped profile 53 at the drawn vertical line.
- the FIG. 15 shows by way of example the result of a mathematical simulation for the magnetic field profile in a short circuit case.
- the fixed contact piece 51b and the contact bridge 52 are shown in section.
- the contact bridge 52 is in the closed state.
- the current direction of the current i flowing through the fixed contact piece 51b and through the contact bridge 52 is registered.
- the current i flows in opposite directions to each other, that is, it flows perpendicular to the fixed contact piece 51b from the image plane and with respect to the current bridge 52 perpendicular to the image plane.
- FIG. 15 shown geometric position of the fixed contact piece 51b and the contact bridge 52 not with the geometric position of in the FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 shown stationary contact piece 51b and the contact bridge 52 matches.
- the magnetic field course would be for the geometric arrangement of the fixed Contact pieces 51b and the contact bridge 52 according to FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 in a similar way.
- FIG. 15 shows the magnetic field lines MF in the leg end region of the profile 53.
- the drawn on the contact bridge 52 arrow shows the force acting in the short-circuit due to the magnetic field compression force in the direction of the fixed contact pieces or 51 b.
- the contact bridge 52 remains closed.
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- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Schaltgerät, welches eine erste Schaltstelle zum betriebsmäßigen Schalten von zumindest einer Strombahn und eine zweite Schaltstelle zum Abschalten eines Kurzschlussstroms aufweist. Die erste und zweite Schaltstelle sind in Reihe geschaltet.The present invention relates to a switching device which has a first switching point for the operational switching of at least one current path and a second switching point for switching off a short-circuit current. The first and second switching points are connected in series.
Mit Schaltgeräten, insbesondere Niederspannungsschaltgeräten, lassen sich die Strombahnen zwischen einer elektrischen Versorgungseinrichtung und Verbrauchern und damit deren Betriebsströme schalten. Das heißt, indem vom Schaltgerät Strombahnen geöffnet und geschlossen werden, lassen sich die angeschlossenen Verbraucher sicher ein- und ausschalten.With switching devices, in particular low-voltage switchgear, the current paths between an electrical supply device and consumers and thus their operating currents can be switched. In other words, by opening and closing current paths from the switching device, the connected consumers can be reliably switched on and off.
Ein elektrisches Niederspannungsschaltgerät weist zum Schalten der Strombahnen einen oder mehrere so genannte Hauptkontakte auf, die von einem oder auch mehreren Steuermagneten gesteuert werden können. Ein Niederspannungsschaltgerät kann z.B. ein Schütz, ein Leistungsschalter, ein Motorabzweig oder ein Kompaktstarter sein. Prinzipiell bestehen die Hauptkontakte aus einer beweglichen Kontaktbrücke und festen Kontaktstücken, an die der Verbraucher und die Versorgungseinrichtung angeschlossen sind. Zum Schließen und Öffnen der Hauptkontakte wird ein entsprechendes Ein- oder Ausschaltsignal an die Steuermagnete gegeben. Die Steuermagnete wirken mittels ihres Ankers derart auf die beweglichen Kontaktbrücken ein, dass die Kontaktbrücken eine Relativbewegung in Bezug auf die festen Kontaktstücke vollziehen. Dadurch lassen sich die zu schaltenden Strombahnen schließen oder öffnen.A low-voltage electrical switching device has one or more so-called main contacts for switching the current paths, which can be controlled by one or more control magnets. A low voltage switching device may e.g. a contactor, a circuit breaker, a motor feeder or a compact starter. In principle, the main contacts consist of a movable contact bridge and fixed contact pieces to which the consumer and the supply device are connected. To close and open the main contacts, a corresponding on or off signal is given to the control magnets. The control magnets act by means of their armature on the movable contact bridges such that the contact bridges perform a relative movement with respect to the fixed contact pieces. As a result, the current paths to be switched can be closed or opened.
Ist ein Hauptkontakt des Schaltgerätes verschlissen oder sogar verschweißt, kann das Schaltgerät den Verbraucher nicht mehr sicher ausschalten, obwohl ein Ausschaltbefehl der Ansteuerung vorliegt. Bei einem verschweißten Kontakt bleibt dann zumindest die Strombahn mit dem verschweißten Hauptkontakt weiter strom- beziehungsweise spannungsführend. Der Verbraucher wird folglich nicht vollständig von der Versorgungseinrichtung getrennt. Da der Verbraucher in einem nicht sicheren Zustand verbleibt, stellt das Schaltgerät eine potentielle Fehlerquelle dar.If a main contact of the switching device is worn or even welded, the switching device can no longer switch off the load safely, even though there is a switch-off command for the control. In a welded contact then remains at least the current path with the welded main contact further current or live. The consumer is therefore not completely disconnected from the utility. Since the consumer remains in a non-safe state, the switching device is a potential source of error.
Zur Lösung des Problems sind Schaltgeräte wie z.B. aus
Ist am Lebensdauerende nun ein Hauptkontakt verschweißt, ist auch noch danach die Schutzfunktion gegeben. Denn wird z.B. ein Motor über einen mechanischen Anschlag in einer Anlage festgebremst, erkennt der Leistungsschalter die Überlastung des Motors. Der Leistungsschalter schaltet automatisch ab, bevor ein weiterer Schaden in der Anlage entsteht.If at the end of life now a main contact welded, even after the protective function is given. Because is e.g. If a motor is braked in a system via a mechanical stop, the circuit breaker detects the overload of the motor. The circuit breaker automatically shuts off before any further damage occurs in the system.
Wird ein derartiger Motorabzweig, wie z.B. aufgrund eines technischen Fehlers im angeschlossenen Verbraucher, jedoch mit einem Kurzschlussstrom beaufschlagt, so schaltet der Leistungsschalter den Kurzschlussstrom ab. Wegen des im Vergleich zum maximalen Nennstrom viel höheren Kurzschlussstroms verschweißen die Schaltkontakte des Schützes. Ursache dafür ist der hohe Kurzschlussstrom, der zu einem leichten Öffnen der Schaltkontakte führt. Zwischen den Schaltkontakten bildet sich ein Lichtbogen, der die Kontaktflächen der Schaltkontakte anschmilzt. Mit Abnahme des Kurzschlussstroms schließen die Schaltkontakte wieder, wobei die Schaltkontakte mit Erstarren der angeschmolzenen Kontaktflächen miteinander verschweißen. Das Schütz ist nach dem Kurzschluss defekt.However, if such a motor feeder, such as due to a technical fault in the connected load, but subjected to a short-circuit current, the circuit breaker switches off the short-circuit current. Due to the much higher short-circuit current compared to the maximum rated current, the switch contacts of the contactor weld. The reason for this is the high short-circuit current, which leads to an easy opening of the switching contacts. Between the switching contacts, an arc forms, which melts the contact surfaces of the switching contacts. When the short-circuit current decreases, the switching contacts close again, with the switching contacts welding together as the fused contact surfaces solidify. The contactor is defective after the short circuit.
Nachteilig daran ist, dass das Schütz nach dem Kurzschlussfall ausgetauscht werden muss. Durch die Folgen eines Anlagenstillstands können erhebliche Kosten entstehen.The disadvantage of this is that the contactor must be replaced after the short circuit. The consequences of a plant shutdown can result in significant costs.
Zur Lösung des zuvor genannten Problems sind weiterhin wie z.B. aus der
Zum sicheren Betrieb von Schaltgeräten und damit zum Schutz des Verbrauchers und der elektrischen Anlage sind solche Fehlerquellen zu vermeiden.For safe operation of switching devices and thus to protect the consumer and the electrical system such sources of error should be avoided.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Schaltgerät anzugeben, welches die oben genannten Nachteile vermeidet.Object of the present invention is to provide a switching device which avoids the disadvantages mentioned above.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Schaltgerät mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. In den Untersprüchen 2 bis 20 sind vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgerätes angegeben.The object is achieved by a switching device having the features of
Erfindungsgemäß sind die erste und zweite Schaltstelle in einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse untergebracht. Zum Anschluss der Strombahnen sind elektrische Anschlüsse und gegebenenfalls ein Steueranschluss für die Eingabe eines Schaltbefehls im oder am Gehäuse vorhanden. Die erste Schaltstelle ist für einen maximalen Dauerstrom ausgelegt. Die zweite Schaltstelle ist zum (wiederholten) Abschalten eines Kurzschlussstroms ausgelegt, welcher ein Vielfaches des maximalen Dauerstroms betragen kann. Die erste Schaltstelle weist zumindest einen Hauptkontakt auf, welcher mittels eines Kontaktaufhaltesystems oder eines Kontaktzuhaltesystems zumindest für die Dauer eines Kurzschlusses aufhaltbar bzw. zuhaltbar ist.According to the first and second switching point are housed in a common housing. To connect the current paths, electrical connections and optionally a control connection for the input of a switching command in or on the housing are available. The first switching point is designed for a maximum continuous current. The second switching point is designed for (repeatedly) switching off a short-circuit current, which may be a multiple of the maximum continuous current. The first switching point has at least one Main contact, which is by means of a Kontaktaufhaltesystems or Kontaktzuhaltesystems at least for the duration of a short circuit preserved or sustainable.
Das Kontaktaufhaltesystem bzw. das Kontaktzuhaltesystem verhindert im Kurzschlussfall ein Verschweißen der ersten Schaltstelle.The contact holding system or the contact holding system prevents welding of the first switching point in the event of a short circuit.
Durch die Integration der ersten und zweiten Schaltstelle, das heißt eines Schaltmittels für die Schaltfunktion und eines Schaltmittels für die Schutzfunktion, vereinfacht sich der Aufbau eines derartigen Schaltgerätes erheblich. Ein separater Verbindungsbaustein zur Verbindung der ersten und zweiten Schaltstelle ist nicht erforderlich.Through the integration of the first and second switching point, that is, a switching means for the switching function and a switching means for the protective function, the structure of such a switching device simplifies considerably. A separate connection module for connecting the first and second switching point is not required.
Ein weiterer großer Vorteil ist, dass die Schutzfunktion des erfindungsgemäßen Schaltgerätes sowohl im Kurzschlussfall als auch bei verschweißten Hauptkontakten des ersten Schaltmittels erhalten bleibt. Im Kurzschlussfall werden die Hauptkontakte des ersten Schaltmittels durch das Kontaktaufhaltesystem bzw. durch das Kontaktzuhaltesystem offen bzw. geschlossen gehalten. Eine Schädigung der Hauptkontakte erfolgt nicht. Ist einer der Hauptkontakte des ersten Schaltmittels am Lebensdauerende verschlissen und daher verschweißt, erfolgt eine Abschaltung der Strombahnen durch die zweite Schaltstelle.Another great advantage is that the protective function of the switching device according to the invention is maintained both in the case of short circuit and in welded main contacts of the first switching means. In the event of a short circuit, the main contacts of the first switching means are kept open or closed by the contact holding system or by the contact holding system. Damage to the main contacts does not occur. If one of the main contacts of the first switching means worn at the end of life and therefore welded, there is a shutdown of the current paths through the second switching point.
Die erste Schaltstelle braucht gemäß der Erfindung nur noch derart ausgelegt zu werden, dass sie (gerade) noch ohne Schädigung einen Kurzschlussstrom bis zur Abschaltung durch die zweite Schaltstelle beherrschen kann. Die zweite Schaltstelle braucht nur für einen auslegungstechnisch maximalen Kurzschlussstrom ausgelegt zu werden.According to the invention, the first switching point only needs to be designed in such a way that it can (just) still be able to control a short-circuit current until it is switched off by the second switching point without damage. The second switching point only needs to be designed for a maximum design short-circuit current.
Ein derartiges erfindungsgemäßes Schaltgerät ist folglich kompakter und zuverlässiger. Durch die Integration der beiden Schaltstellen in ein Gehäuse ist eine ungewollte technische Veränderung bzw. eine nicht optimale leistungstechnische Abstimmung der jeweiligen Parameter der beiden Schaltstellen aufeinander nicht möglich.Such a switching device according to the invention is consequently more compact and reliable. The integration of the two switching points in a housing is an unwanted technical change or a non-optimal performance tuning the respective parameters of the two switching points on each other not possible.
In einer ersten Ausgestaltung weist das Kontaktaufhaltesystem einen insbesondere elektromagnetischen Aktor auf, welcher den zumindest einen Hauptkontakt mittels eines Kontaktschiebers im Kurzschlussfall öffnet und diesen bis zur Abschaltung des Kurzschlussstromes durch die zweite Schaltstelle geöffnet hält.In a first embodiment, the contact suspension system has a particular electromagnetic actuator which opens the at least one main contact by means of a contact slide in the event of a short circuit and keeps it open until the short-circuit current through the second switching point.
Der Aktor kann beispielsweise in einer mechanischen Wirkverbindung mit dem Kontaktschieber stehen, welcher zum betrieblichen Schalten mit einem Schaltantrieb oder Steuermagneten des ersten Schaltmittels verbunden ist. Der Aktor kann alternativ die Hauptkontakte auch mittels eines weiteren und vom zuvor genannten Kontaktschieber unabhängigen Kontaktschiebers direkt betätigen.The actuator may for example be in a mechanical operative connection with the contact slide, which is connected for operational switching with a switching drive or control magnet of the first switching means. Alternatively, the actuator can directly actuate the main contacts by means of a further contact slide which is independent of the previously mentioned contact slide.
Alternativ zur vorherigen Ausführungsform kann das Kontaktzuhaltesystem einen insbesondere elektromagnetischen Aktor aufweisen, welcher den zumindest einen Hauptkontakt mittels eines Kontaktschiebers bis zur Abschaltung des Kurzschlussstromes durch die zweite Schaltstelle geschlossen hält.Alternatively to the previous embodiment, the Kontaktzuhaltesystem may have a particular electromagnetic actuator, which keeps closed the at least one main contact by means of a contact slide until the short circuit current through the second switching point.
Beispielsweise ist es möglich, dass der elektromagnetische Aktor des Kontaktaufhalte- bzw. Kontaktzuhaltesystems einen Elektromagneten aufweist. Insbesondere ist der Elektromagnet ein Tauch- oder Hubmagnet, welcher in zumindest eine der Strombahnen zur elektrischen Erregung geschaltet ist.For example, it is possible that the electromagnetic actuator of the Kontaktaufhalte- or Kontaktzuhaltesystems having an electromagnet. In particular, the electromagnet is a submersible or lifting magnet, which is connected in at least one of the current paths for electrical excitation.
Damit ist der Vorteil verbunden, dass die zum Aufhalten bzw. zum Zuhalten der Hauptkontakte benötigte Energie vor allem im Kurzschlussfall aus der Strombahn entnommen werden kann. Es wird kein separater Energiespeicher benötigt.This has the advantage that the energy required to stop or to hold the main contacts can be removed from the current path especially in the event of a short circuit. There is no need for a separate energy storage.
Der Aktor kann eine insbesondere mechanische, pneumatische, elektrische oder elektromechanische Dämpfeinrichtung aufweisen, welche den betätigten Kontaktschieber nach Wegfall der elektrischen Erregung erst nach einer Verzögerungszeit in die Ausgangsstellung zurückfahren lässt. Wesentlich ist, dass in einem Kurzschlussfall möglichst schnell eine Betätigung der Hauptkontakte erfolgt, um diese auf- bzw. zuzuhalten. Insbesondere sollte die Betätigung innerhalb weniger Millisekunden erfolgen. Dagegen sollte der Kontaktschieber erst nach einem Zeitraum von 20 bis 200 Millisekunden abfallen.The actuator may have a particular mechanical, pneumatic, electrical or electro-mechanical damping device, which the actuated contact slide after elimination of electrical excitation can be driven back to the starting position after a delay time. It is essential that in a short circuit case as quickly as possible actuation of the main contacts takes place in order to hold or zuhalten. In particular, the actuation should take place within a few milliseconds. In contrast, the contact slide should drop only after a period of 20 to 200 milliseconds.
Eine mechanische Dämpfeinrichtung kann beispielsweise ein Federsystem aufweisen, welches nach der Verzögerungszeit den Kontaktschieber gedämpft zurückfahren lässt. Eine pneumatische Dämpfeinrichtung kann z.B. einen Druckzylinder aufweisen, welcher im Kurzschlussfall mit Druckluft beaufschlagt wird und welcher nur verzögert den Überdruck abbauen lässt. Eine elektrische Dämpfeinrichtung kann z.B. einen Diodenfreilaufkreis oder einen Pufferkondensator aufweisen. Die gespeicherte elektrische Energie verzögert den Abbau des magnetischen Feldes, welches den Aktor in der betätigten Stellung hält. Es sind auch Kombinationen der zuvor genannten Dämpfungsmöglichkeiten vorstellbar.A mechanical damping device may, for example, have a spring system which, after the delay time, causes the contact slide to be damped back. A pneumatic damping device may e.g. Have a pressure cylinder, which is acted upon in the event of a short circuit with compressed air and which only delayed can reduce the pressure. An electric damping device may e.g. have a diode freewheeling circuit or a buffer capacitor. The stored electrical energy delays the degradation of the magnetic field which holds the actuator in the actuated position. There are also combinations of the aforementioned damping options conceivable.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform weist die zweite Schaltstelle eine Kurzschlussstromerfassung auf, welche im Kurzschlussfall ein Steuersignal ausgibt. Der zumindest eine Hauptkontakt der ersten Schaltstelle ist dann mittels des elektromagnetischen Aktors als Reaktion auf das Steuersignal öffenbar.In a further embodiment, the second switching point has a short-circuit current detection, which outputs a control signal in the event of a short circuit. The at least one main contact of the first switching point can then be opened by means of the electromagnetic actuator in response to the control signal.
Alternativ zur vorherigen Ausführungsform weist die zweite Schaltstelle eine Kurzschlussstromerfassung auf, welche im Kurzschlussfall ein Steuersignal ausgibt. Der zumindest eine Hauptkontakt der ersten Schaltstelle ist mittels des elektromagnetischen Aktors als Reaktion auf das Steuersignal zuhaltbar.As an alternative to the previous embodiment, the second switching point has a short-circuit current detection, which outputs a control signal in the event of a short circuit. The at least one main contact of the first switching point is sustainable by means of the electromagnetic actuator in response to the control signal.
Die Kurzschlussstromerfassung der zweiten Schaltstelle kann z.B. mittels einer Spule, eines Stromwandlers oder eines Messwiderstands erfolgen. Das von der Kurzschlussstromerfassung bereitgestellte Steuersignal erregt bzw. steuert vorzugsweise den elektromagnetischen Aktor der ersten Schaltstelle. Das bereitgestellte Steuersignal kann seitens der Kurzschlussstromerfassung elektrisch gepuffert werden, wie z.B. mittels eines Kondensators, so dass der elektromagnetische Aktor verzögert in seine Ruheposition zurückfahren kann. Das Signal kann auch mittels eines elektronischen Zeitbausteins oder mittels eines Mikrocontrollers z.B. als Teil der Kurzschlussstromerfassung erzeugt werden.The short-circuit current detection of the second switching point can be done for example by means of a coil, a current transformer or a measuring resistor. That of the short-circuit current detection provided control signal preferably energizes or controls the electromagnetic actuator of the first switching point. The control signal provided can be electrically buffered by the short-circuit current detection, for example by means of a capacitor, so that the electromagnetic actuator can retract into its rest position with a delay. The signal can also be generated by means of an electronic time module or by means of a microcontroller, for example as part of the short-circuit current detection.
Auch kann eine elektronische Steuereinheit, wie z.B. der vorgenannte Mikrocontroller, Steuerung- und Überwachungsfunktionen sowohl der ersten als auch der zweiten Schaltstelle übernehmen. Die Steuerungsaufgaben können Schaltbefehle zum Schalten der ersten und zum Auslösen der zweiten Schaltstelle betreffen. Die Überwachungsaufgaben können die Kurzschlussstromüberwachung sowie ggf. eine Überstromüberwachung im Gerät betreffen. Zur übergeordneten Diagnose kann die elektronische Steuereinheit z.B. eine Busschnittstelle aufweisen. Im Fehlerfall oder im Auslösungsfall der zweiten Schaltstelle kann eine entsprechende Meldung z.B. an eine übergeordnete Leitstelle abgesetzt werden.Also, an electronic control unit, such as e.g. the aforementioned microcontroller, take over control and monitoring functions of both the first and the second switching point. The control tasks may relate to switching commands for switching the first and for triggering the second switching point. The monitoring tasks may concern the short-circuit current monitoring and possibly an overcurrent monitoring in the device. For the higher-level diagnosis, the electronic control unit may e.g. have a bus interface. In the event of an error or in the case of triggering the second switching point, a corresponding message, e.g. be sold to a higher-level control center.
Der besondere Vorteil der beiden vorherigen Ausführungsformen liegt im erfindungsgemäßen Zusammenspiel zwischen erster und zweiter Schaltstelle. Hier stellt die zweite Schaltstelle der ersten Schaltstelle ein mittels der Kurzschlussstromerfassung bereits erfasstes Kurzschlusssignal als Steuersignal zur Verfügung.The particular advantage of the two previous embodiments lies in the inventive interaction between the first and second switching point. Here, the second switching point of the first switching point provides a short-circuit signal already detected by means of the short-circuit current detection as a control signal.
In einer besonderen Ausführungsform weist die zweite Schaltstelle Trennkontakte auf, welche im Kurzschlussfall mittels einer Auslösemechanik öffenbar sind. Die zweite Schaltstelle betätigt einen mit der Auslösemechanik in einer Wirkverbindung stehenden Aufhaltestößel. Mittels des Aufhaltestößels ist der zumindest eine Hauptkontakt der ersten Schaltstelle aufhaltbar. Insbesondere ist der Aufhaltestößel zumindest für die Dauer des Kurzschlusses betätigbar.In a particular embodiment, the second switching point has isolating contacts which can be opened in the event of a short circuit by means of a triggering mechanism. The second switching point actuates a release ram in operative engagement with the release mechanism. By means of the Aufhaltestößels the at least one main contact of the first switching point is available. In particular, the Aufhaltestößel is operable at least for the duration of the short circuit.
Alternativ zur vorherigen Ausführungsform weist die zweite Schaltstelle Trennkontakte auf, welche im Kurzschlussfall mittels einer Auslösemechanik öffenbar sind. Die zweite Schaltstelle betätigt einen mit der Auslösemechanik in einer Wirkverbindung stehenden Zuhaltestößel. Mittels des Zuhaltestößels ist der zumindest eine Hauptkontakt der ersten Schaltstelle zuhaltbar. Insbesondere ist der Zuhaltestößel zumindest für die Dauer des Kurzschlusses betätigbar.As an alternative to the previous embodiment, the second switching point has isolating contacts which can be opened in the event of a short circuit by means of a triggering mechanism. The second switching point actuates a Zuhaltestößel in operative connection with the release mechanism. By means of the Zuhaltestößels the at least one main contact of the first switching point is sustainable. In particular, the Zuhaltestößel is operable at least for the duration of the short circuit.
Der Aufhalte- bzw. Zuhaltestößel ist zum Öffnen der Trennkontakte vorzugsweise mechanisch an den Kontaktschieber gekoppelt. Zum Öffnen der Trennkontakte kann z.B. ein Schaltschloss vorhanden sein, welches den Kontaktschieber betätigt. Mit dem Schaltschloss kann auch der Aufhalte- bzw. Zuhaltestößel mechanisch verbunden sein. Das Schaltschloss kann einen Federspeicher aufweisen, welcher im Kurzschlussfall zum Öffnen der Trennkontakte freigegeben wird.The holding or Zuhaltestößel is preferably mechanically coupled to the contact slide for opening the isolating contacts. To open the isolating contacts, e.g. a switching mechanism may be present, which actuates the contact slide. With the switch lock and the holding or Zuhaltestößel may be mechanically connected. The switching mechanism may have a spring memory, which is released in the event of a short circuit to open the isolating contacts.
Das Schaltschloss bzw. die Auslösemechanik der zweiten Schaltstelle kann hinsichtlich der im Kurzschlussfall freigegebenen mechanischen Kraft derart ausgebildet sein, dass die Hauptkontakte der ersten Schaltstelle über den Aufhaltestößel der zweiten Schaltstelle aufgebrochen werden können. Verschweißte Hauptkontakte liegen, wie bereits eingangs erläutert, insbesondere am Lebensdauerende des ersten Schaltmittels vor.With regard to the mechanical force released in the event of a short circuit, the switching mechanism or the triggering mechanism of the second switching point can be configured in such a way that the main contacts of the first switching point can be broken open via the stopping tappet of the second switching point. Welded main contacts are, as already explained above, especially at the end of life of the first switching means before.
Der besondere Vorteil der beiden vorherigen Ausführungsformen liegt im erfindungsgemäßen Zusammenspiel zwischen erster und zweiter Schaltstelle. Hier betätigt die zweite Schaltstelle zur Vermeidung einer Kontaktverschweißung im Kurzschussfall mechanisch direkt die Hauptkontakte der ersten Schaltstelle, ohne dass die erste Schaltstelle selbst eingreift.The particular advantage of the two previous embodiments lies in the inventive interaction between the first and second switching point. Here, the second switching point mechanically actuates the main contacts of the first switching point to avoid contact welding in the short-circuiting case without the first switching point itself engaging.
Vorzugsweise ist der Aufhalte- bzw. Zuhaltestößel mit einer insbesondere mechanischen oder pneumatischen Dämpfeinrichtung verbunden. Die Dämpfeinrichtung lässt den Aufhalte- bzw. Zuhaltestößel erst nach einer Verzögerungszeit in die Ausgangsstellung zurückfahren. Die Verzögerungszeit kann einstellbar sein. Die Dämpfeinrichtung kann, wie zuvor beschrieben, unterschiedlich ausgestaltet sein.Preferably, the holding or Zuhaltestößel is connected to a particular mechanical or pneumatic damping device. The damping device leaves the holding or Zuhaltestößel Return to the starting position after a delay time. The delay time can be adjustable. The damping device can, as described above, be designed differently.
Gemäß einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform weist die erste Schaltstelle zumindest einen ein- und ausschaltbaren Hauptkontakt und zumindest einen Schaltantrieb mit einem beweglichen Anker auf. Der zumindest eine Hauptkontakt weist feststehende Kontaktstücke und eine bewegliche Kontaktbrücke auf. Das Kontaktzuhaltesystem weist einen Magnetfeldkonzentrator mit einem U-förmigen Profil aus einem magnetischen Werkstoff auf. Der Magnetfeldkonzentrator umgibt die feststehenden Kontaktstücke sowie die bewegliche Kontaktbrücke unter Einhaltung eines Mindestspannungsabstands oder einer Mindestluftstrecke.According to an advantageous embodiment, the first switching point has at least one main contact which can be switched on and off and at least one switching drive with a movable armature. The at least one main contact has fixed contact pieces and a movable contact bridge. The Kontaktzuhaltesystem has a magnetic field concentrator with a U-shaped profile of a magnetic material. The magnetic field concentrator surrounds the fixed contacts and the movable contact bridge while maintaining a minimum voltage gap or a minimum air gap.
Der Magnetfeldkonzentrator kann auch C-förmig oder V-förmig ausgebildet sein. Entscheidend ist hinsichtlich der geometrischen Ausgestaltung und der Anordnung in der ersten Schaltstelle, dass der Magnetfeldkonzentrator lediglich die bewegliche Kontaktbrücke ohne Kontaktberührung mit den spannungs- und stromführenden Teilen des Schaltgerätes umgibt. Entscheidend ist weiterhin, dass der Magnetfeldkonzentrator im Bereich der Kontaktbrücke halboffen ausgebildet ist.The magnetic field concentrator can also be C-shaped or V-shaped. It is crucial with respect to the geometric configuration and the arrangement in the first switching point that the magnetic field concentrator surrounds only the movable contact bridge without contact with the voltage and current-carrying parts of the switching device. It is also crucial that the magnetic field concentrator is designed to be semi-open in the region of the contact bridge.
Der Magnetfeldkonzentrator konzentriert bzw. verdichtet gemäß der Erfindung den magnetischen Fluss in dem Endbereich des U-förmigen Profils bzw. des U-förmigen Bügels. Durch das lokale hohe Magnetfeld im Endbereich wird im Kurzschlussfall die sonst zum Öffnen neigende Kontaktbrücke in das U-förmige Profil gedrückt. Die Hauptkontakte der ersten Schaltstelle werden vorteilhaft zumindest für die Dauer eines Kurzschlusses zugehalten. Das Profil bzw. der Bügel ist aus einem magnetischen, insbesondere ferromagnetischen, Material gefertigt. Das magnetische Material weist insbesondere eine Permeabilitätszahl µr von zumindest 100, beispielsweise 1000, auf. Im magnetischen Material wird durch das Leitermagnetfeld der Strombahn ein Magnetfeld mit einer wesentlich höheren magnetischen Induktion erzeugt. Das so induzierte Magnetfeld drückt die Kontaktbrücke im Kurzschlussfall zusätzlich zur Kontaktfederkraft auf die feststehenden Schaltstücke der ersten Schaltstelle. Ein Öffnen der Kontaktbrücke wird wirksam unterbunden. Es wird verhindert, dass der zumindest eine Hauptkontakt verschweißen kann, bevor die Kurzschlussabschaltung durch die zweite Schaltstelle erfolgt.The magnetic field concentrator according to the invention concentrates the magnetic flux in the end region of the U-shaped profile or the U-shaped yoke. Due to the local high magnetic field in the end region, the otherwise open-to-open contact bridge is pressed into the U-shaped profile in the event of a short circuit. The main contacts of the first switching point are advantageously locked at least for the duration of a short circuit. The profile or the bracket is made of a magnetic, in particular ferromagnetic, material. The magnetic material has in particular a permeability number μ r of at least 100, for example 1000. In the magnetic material is by the conductor magnetic field of Current path generates a magnetic field with a much higher magnetic induction. The magnetic field thus induced pushes the contact bridge in the event of a short circuit in addition to the contact spring force on the fixed contact pieces of the first switching point. Opening the contact bridge is effectively prevented. It is prevented that the at least one main contact can weld before the short-circuit shutdown occurs through the second switching point.
Im Besonderen weist das U-förmige Profil des Magnetfeldkonzentrators Schenkel mit einer derartigen Länge auf, dass die Schenkelenden zur magnetischen Flusskonzentration zumindest in etwa im Bereich der Kontaktbrücke angeordnet sind. Insbesondere sind die Schenkelenden im Bereich der geöffneten Kontaktbrücke angeordnet.In particular, the U-shaped profile of the magnetic field concentrator has legs of such a length that the leg ends are arranged for magnetic flux concentration at least approximately in the region of the contact bridge. In particular, the leg ends are arranged in the region of the opened contact bridge.
Vorzugsweise weist das U-förmige Profil eine Oberseite mit einer Aussparung für die Zuführung der Strombahnen auf. Die Aussparung ist derart ausgebildet, dass ein Mindestspannungsabstand bzw. eine Mindestluftstrecke zu den spannungs- und stromführenden Teilen, insbesondere den Strombahnen, eingehalten wird.Preferably, the U-shaped profile has an upper side with a recess for the supply of the current paths. The recess is designed such that a minimum voltage distance or a minimum air gap to the voltage and current-carrying parts, in particular the current paths, is maintained.
Der Magnetfeldkonzentrator kann auch zweiteilig ausgeführt sein, wobei jeweils ein U-förmiges Profil des Magnetfeldkonzentrators im Bereich der beiden feststehenden Kontaktstücke unter Einhaltung eines Mindestspannungsabstandes bzw. einer Mindestluftstrecke voneinander beanstandet angeordnet ist. In diesem Fall kann der Magnetfeldkonzentrator aus einem magnetischen Blech, wie z.B. aus Eisen oder Nickel, gefertigt sein. Durch den Mindestspannungsabstand kann ein während der Kontaktunterbrechung auftretender Lichtbogen nicht den elektrischen "kürzeren" Weg über das elektrisch leitende Metallblech nehmen. Ein Löschen des Lichtbogens und eine sichere Trennung der Strombahn durch die Hauptkontakte wären unter Umständen nicht möglich.The magnetic field concentrator can also be designed in two parts, wherein in each case a U-shaped profile of the magnetic field concentrator in the region of the two stationary contact pieces is arranged in compliance with a minimum voltage distance or a minimum air gap from each other. In this case, the magnetic field concentrator may be made of a magnetic sheet such as iron or nickel. Due to the minimum voltage separation, an arc occurring during the interruption of contact can not take the electrical "shorter" path over the electrically conductive metal sheet. Deletion of the arc and a safe separation of the current path through the main contacts may not be possible.
Beispielsweise kann der Magnetfeldkonzentrator bzw. das U-förmige Profil aus einem nichtleitenden magnetischen Werkstoff, wie z.B. Ferrit, hergestellt sein. In diesem Fall ist besonders die einteilige Ausführungsform des Magnetfeldkonzentrators vorteilhaft.For example, the magnetic field concentrator or U-shaped profile may be made of a nonconductive magnetic material, such as e.g. Ferrite, be prepared. In this case, the one-piece embodiment of the magnetic field concentrator is particularly advantageous.
Im Besonderen ist die erste Schaltstelle ein Schütz. Das Schütz dient der Schaltfunktion des Schaltgerätes. Die Betätigung des Schützes erfolgt durch elektrische Erregung des Steuermagneten bzw. des Schaltantriebs des Schützes mittels eines Ansteuersignals. Das Ansteuersignal kann dem Schütz über den am oder im Gehäuse angeordneten Steuereingang zugeführt werden. Das Ansteuersignal kann auch innerhalb des Schaltgerätes, wie z.B. mittels eines Zeitgliedes, beispielsweise zyklisch erzeugt werden. Das erste Schaltmittel bzw. der Schütz ist typischerweise für eine Anzahl von mehreren Tausend Schalthandlungen ausgelegt.In particular, the first switching point is a contactor. The contactor serves the switching function of the switching device. The actuation of the contactor is effected by electrical excitation of the control magnet or the switching drive of the contactor by means of a drive signal. The drive signal can be supplied to the contactor via the control input arranged on or in the housing. The drive signal may also be within the switching device, such as. be generated cyclically by means of a timer, for example. The first switching means or the contactor is typically designed for a number of several thousand switching operations.
Die zweite Schaltstelle ist insbesondere ein Leistungsschalter. Der Leistungsschalter weist insbesondere ein Schaltschloss zur Betätigung der Trennkontakte auf. Das Schaltschloss kann manuell oder auch ferngesteuert "vorgespannt" und somit wieder eingeschaltet werden. Typischerweise braucht die zweite Schaltstelle nur für vergleichsweise wenige Schalthandlungen, wie z.B. 100, ausgelegt zu sein.The second switching point is in particular a circuit breaker. The circuit breaker has in particular a switching mechanism for actuating the isolating contacts. The switch lock can be "pre-tensioned" manually and remotely and thus switched on again. Typically, the second switch only needs for comparatively few switching operations, such as e.g. 100, to be laid out.
Prinzipiell können die erste Schaltstelle und/oder die zweite Schaltstelle zum Abschalten eines Überstroms ausgebildet sein. Der Überstrom kann maximal das Doppelte des Dauerstroms betragen. Damit können auch kurzfristige, aber nicht dauerhafte Ströme geschaltet werden.In principle, the first switching point and / or the second switching point can be designed to switch off an overcurrent. The overcurrent can not exceed twice the continuous current. This also short-term, but not permanent currents can be switched.
In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Schaltgerät ein dreipoliges Schaltgerät mit drei Hauptkontakten zum Ein- und Ausschalten von drei Strombahnen und mit drei Trennkontakten zum Abschalten eines Kurzschlussstromes.In a preferred embodiment, the switching device is a three-pole switching device with three main contacts for switching on and off of three current paths and with three isolating contacts for switching off a short-circuit current.
Vorzugsweise ist das Schaltgerät ein Motorabzweig oder ein Kompaktstarter.Preferably, the switching device is a motor branch or a compact starter.
Die Erfindung sowie vorteilhafte Ausführungen derselben werden im Weiteren anhand der nachfolgenden Figuren näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- FIG 1
- ein elektrisches Schaltbild eines Schaltgerätes aus zwei eigenständigen und in Reihe geschalteten Schaltstellen nach dem Stand der Technik,
- FIG 2
- ein elektrisches Schaltbild eines Schaltgerätes mit nur einer Schaltstelle für eine gleichzeitige Schaltfunktion und Schutzfunktion nach dem Stand der Technik,
- FIG 3
- beispielhaft ein Schaltgerät gemäß der Erfindung mit einem gemeinsamen Gehäuse,
- FIG 4
- ein elektrisches Schaltbild eines Schaltgerätes mit einem Kontaktaufhaltesystem gemäß der Erfindung,
- FIG 5
- ein elektrisches Schaltbild des Schaltgerätes gemäß
FIG 4 in einer ersten Ausführungsform, - FIG 6
- ein elektrisches Schaltbild des Schaltgerätes gemäß
FIG 4 in einer zweiten Ausführungsform, - FIG 7
- ein elektrisches Schaltbild des Schaltgerätes gemäß
FIG 4 in einer dritten Ausführungsform, - FIG 8
- ein elektrisches Schaltbild eines Schaltgerätes mit einem Kontaktzuhaltesystem gemäß der Erfindung,
- FIG 9
- ein elektrisches Schaltbild des Schaltgerätes gemäß
FIG 8 in einer ersten Ausführungsform, - FIG 10
- ein elektrisches Schaltbild des Schaltgerätes gemäß
FIG 8 in einer zweiten Ausführungsform, - FIG 11
- ein elektrisches Schaltbild des Schaltgerätes gemäß
FIG 8 in einer dritten Ausführungsform, - FIG 12
- ein Beispiel für einen elektromechanischen Aktor mit einer Dämpfeinrichtung,
- FIG 13
- ein Beispiel für einen Magnetfeldkonzentrator in einem Kontaktzuhaltesystem eines Schaltgerätes ge- mäß der Erfindung in einer Schnittdarstellung,
- FIG 14
- das Beispiel gemäß
FIG 13 in einer Schnittdarstel- lung entlang der eingezeichneten Schnittlinie XIV- XIV und - FIG 15
- beispielhaft den Magnetfeldverlauf eines Magnet- feldkonzentrators in einer Schnittdarstellung und im Kurzschlussfall.
- FIG. 1
- an electrical circuit diagram of a switching device of two independent and series-connected switching points according to the prior art,
- FIG. 2
- an electrical circuit diagram of a switching device with only one switching point for a simultaneous switching function and protection function according to the prior art,
- FIG. 3
- an example of a switching device according to the invention with a common housing,
- FIG. 4
- an electrical circuit diagram of a switching device with a contact holding system according to the invention,
- FIG. 5
- an electrical circuit diagram of the switching device according to
FIG. 4 in a first embodiment, - FIG. 6
- an electrical circuit diagram of the switching device according to
FIG. 4 in a second embodiment, - FIG. 7
- an electrical circuit diagram of the switching device according to
FIG. 4 in a third embodiment, - FIG. 8
- an electrical circuit diagram of a switching device with a contact holding system according to the invention,
- FIG. 9
- an electrical circuit diagram of the switching device according to
FIG. 8 in a first embodiment, - FIG. 10
- an electrical circuit diagram of the switching device according to
FIG. 8 in a second embodiment, - FIG. 11
- an electrical circuit diagram of the switching device according to
FIG. 8 in a third embodiment, - FIG. 12
- an example of an electromechanical actuator with a damping device,
- FIG. 13
- an example of a magnetic field concentrator in a contact holding system of a switching device according to the invention in a sectional view,
- FIG. 14
- the example according to
FIG. 13 in a sectional view along the section line XIV-XIV and - FIG. 15
- For example, the magnetic field profile of a magnetic field concentrator in a sectional view and in the event of a short circuit.
Im linken Teil der
Im mittleren Teil der
Wie eingangs beschrieben können die Schaltkontakte 43 am Lebensdauerende verschweißen. Eine Unterbrechung eines Verbrauchers ist im Kurzschluss- oder Überstromfall nicht mehr möglich.As described above, the
Vorzugsweise ist die erste Schaltstelle 2 ein Schütz und insbesondere ein verschweißfreies Schütz. Derartige Schütze 2 sind typischerweise für eine Anzahl von mehreren Tausend Schalthandlungen ausgelegt.Preferably, the
Vorzugsweise ist die zweite Schaltstelle 3 ein Leistungsschalter oder auch ein Kurzschlussschalter. Derartige Schalter 3 sind für wenige, wie z.B. 100, Schalthandlungen ausgelegt.Preferably, the
Die erste Schaltstelle 2 und/oder die zweite Schaltstelle 3 können zum Abschalten eines Überstroms ausgebildet sein, wobei der Überstrom das Doppelte des Dauerstroms betragen kann. Je nach Anwendungsfall kann der Überstrom mehr oder weniger als das Doppelte des Dauerstroms bzw. Nennstroms betragen.The
Das Schaltgerät 1 ist insbesondere, wie zuvor beschrieben, ein dreipoliges Schaltgerät 1 mit drei Hauptkontakten 9 zum Ein- und Ausschalten von drei Strombahnen L1-L3 und mit drei Trennkontakten 5 zum Abschalten eines Kurzschlussstromes. Das Schaltgerät 1 kann alternativ auch 2-, 4-, 5-polig oder mehrpolig ausgebildet sein.The
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Schaltgerät 1 ein Motorabzweig oder ein Kompaktstarter. Derartige Schaltgeräte 1 können als zuverlässige und kompakte eigenständige Geräte zur Absicherung von Verbrauchern eingesetzt werden.According to a preferred embodiment, the
Die erste Schaltstelle 2 weist zumindest einen Hauptkontakt 9 auf, welcher mittels eines Kontaktaufhaltesystems A zumindest für die Dauer ΔRT eines Kurzschlusses aufhaltbar ist. Die Dauer ΔT als vorgebbare Zeitspanne liegt typischerweise in einem Bereich von 20 ms bis 200 ms, kann in besonderen Anwendungsfällen auch darüber oder darunter liegen. Die Öffnungswirkung des Kontaktaufhaltesystems A ist mit einem Pfeil symbolisiert. Die erste Schaltstelle 2 weist einen Steuermagneten bzw. einen Schaltantrieb 8 zum Betätigen eines Kontaktschiebers 11 auf. Über den Kontaktschieber 11 sind die Hauptkontakte 9 öffenbar und schließbar. Das Kontaktaufhaltesystem A kann derart ausgebildet sein, dass die Aufhaltung der Hauptkontakte 9 gleichfalls über den Kontaktschieber 11 oder alternativ über einen dazu getrennt ausgeführten Kontaktaufhalteschieber 11' erfolgt.The
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist das Kontaktaufhaltesystem A einen insbesondere elektromagnetischen Aktor 12 auf, welcher den zumindest einen Hauptkontakt 9 mittels des Kontaktschiebers 11 oder alternativ mittels des Kontaktaufhalteschiebers 11' im Kurzschlussfall öffnet. Beide Kontaktschieber 11, 11' halten die Hauptkontakte 9 bis zur Abschaltung des Kurzschlussstromes durch die zweite Schaltstelle 3 geöffnet.According to one embodiment of the invention, the contact holding system A has a particular
Die Kurzschlussstromerfassung 6 kann z.B. mittels einer Spule, eines Stromwandlers oder eines Messwiderstands erfolgen. Im Falle einer Spule oder eines Stromwandlers kann das Kurzschlusssignal T direkt aus der dort induzierten elektrischen Spannung erzeugt und an den elektromagnetischen Aktor 12 ausgegeben werden. Das Kurzschlusssignal T kann z.B. mittels eines Kondensators gepuffert werden. Dadurch fällt der elektromagnetische Aktor 12 erst verzögert in seine Ruheposition zurück. Die Hauptkontakte 5 werden zumindest bis zum Abschalten des Kurzschlussstromes geöffnet gehalten und erst dann wieder geschlossen.The short-circuit
Der Aufhaltestößel 18 ist vorzugsweise mechanisch an einen nicht weiter bezeichneten Trennkontaktschieber zum Öffnen der Trennkontakte 5 gekoppelt. Zum Öffnen kann die zweite Schaltstelle 3 z.B. ein Schaltschloss aufweisen, welches den Trennkontaktschieber betätigt. Der Aufhaltestößel 18 kann alternativ direkt an das Schaltschloss gekoppelt sein. Typischerweise weist das Schaltschloss einen Federspeicher, wie z.B. eine Zylinderfeder aus Federstahl, auf. Der Federspeicher bzw. die Zylinderfeder wird im Kurzschlussfall zum Öffnen der Trennkontakte 5 freigegeben.The
Das Schaltschloss bzw. die Auslösemechanik kann hinsichtlich der im Kurzschlussfall freigegebenen mechanischen Kraft derart ausgebildet sein, dass die Hauptkontakte 9 der ersten Schaltstelle 2 über den Aufhaltestößel 18 aufgebrochen werden können. Wie eingangs bereits erläutert kann es insbesondere am Lebensdauerende des ersten Schaltmittels, das heißt in etwa nach Ablauf der für das erste Schaltmittel ausgelegten Anzahl von Schalthandlungen, zu Kontaktverschweißungen kommen. In einem solchen Fall kann auch eine Wiedereinschaltsperre, wie z.B. mittels einer Selbstverriegelung, vorhanden sein.With regard to the mechanical force released in the event of a short circuit, the switching mechanism or the tripping mechanism can be configured in such a way that the
Der Aktor 12 ist beispielhaft ein Hub- oder Tauchmagnet mit einer konzentrisch ausgebildeten Tauchspule 14. Die Tauchspule 14 wird zur Erregung von einem Strom i durchflossen. Im Inneren der konzentrischen Tauchspule 14 ist ein magnetischer Tauchkörper 16 beweglich angeordnet. Der Tauchkörper 16 wird bei Stromerregung gegen eine Feder 13 in die Tauchspule 14 hineingezogen. Der Tauchkörper 16 ist mit einem der in den vorherigen
Das Kontaktzuhaltesystem Z weist einen Magnetfeldkonzentrator mit einem insbesondere U-förmigen Profil 53 aus einem magnetischen Werkstoff, wie z.B. Eisen oder Nickel, auf. Mit dem Bezugszeichen SF sind die beispielhaft planen Seitenflächen bezeichnet. Mit dem Bezugszeichen OS ist die Oberseite des Profils 53 bezeichnet. Der Magnetfeldkonzentrator umgibt die feststehenden Kontaktstücke 51 sowie die bewegliche Kontaktbrücke 52 unter Einhaltung eines Mindestspannungsabstands bzw. einer Mindestluftstrecke.The Kontaktzuhaltesystem Z comprises a magnetic field concentrator with a particular
Der Magnetfeldkonzentrator kann z.B. auch C-förmig ausgebildet sein. Entscheidend ist, dass der Magnetfeldkonzentrator lediglich die bewegliche Kontaktbrücke 52 ohne Kontaktberührung mit den spannungs- und stromführenden Teilen des Schaltgerätes umgibt. Je nach zu trennender Spannung kann der Mindestabstand im Bereich von 1 mm bis 10 mm liegen. Weiterhin ist entscheidend, dass der Magnetfeldkonzentrator im Bereich der Kontaktbrücke halboffen ausgebildet ist.The magnetic field concentrator may e.g. also be C-shaped. It is crucial that the magnetic field concentrator surrounds only the
Der Magnetfeldkonzentrator konzentriert bzw. verdichtet gemäß der Erfindung den magnetischen Fluss in dem Endbereich des U-förmigen Profils 53 bzw. des U-förmigen Bügels. In dem magnetischen Werkstoff des Profils 53 wird ein Magnetfeld erzeugt, welches im Kurzschlussfall die Kontaktbrücke 52 zusätzlich zur Kontaktfederkraft auf die feststehenden Schaltstücke 51a, 51b der ersten Schaltstelle drückt. Ein Öffnen der Kontaktbrücke 52 wird wirksam unterbunden. Somit wird verhindert, dass der Hauptkontakt 9 verschweißen kann, bevor die Kurzschlussabschaltung durch die zweite Schaltstelle erfolgt. Der Hauptkontakt 9 der ersten Schaltstelle wird somit vorteilhaft zumindest für die Dauer eines Kurzschlusses zugehalten.The magnetic field concentrator according to the invention concentrates the magnetic flux in the end region of the
Der Magnetfeldkonzentrator ist, wie bereits in
Das U-förmige Profil 53 weist gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung Schenkel einer derartigen Länge auf, dass die Schenkelenden zur magnetischen Flusskonzentration zumindest in etwa im Bereich der Kontaktbrücke 52 angeordnet sind. Insbesondere liegen die Schenkelenden im Bereich der Kontaktbrücke 52 im geöffneten Zustand der Kontaktbrücke 52.According to one embodiment of the invention, the
Das U-förmige Profil 53 kann an der Oberseite OS eine Aussparung für die Zuführung der Strombahnen L1-L3 aufweisen, wobei auch hier ein Mindestspannungsabstand bzw. eine Mindestluftstrecke zu den strom- und spannungsführenden Teilen der ersten Schaltstelle eingehalten werden sollte.The
Ist gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform das U-förmige Profil 53 aus einem nichtleitenden magnetischen Werkstoff, wie z.B. Ferrit, hergestellt, so kann der Magnetfeldkonzentrator aufgrund der nichtleitenden Eigenschaften des Ferrits auch einteilig ausgeführt sein.According to a further embodiment, the
In der
Die
Es wird angemerkt, dass die in
Wie
Claims (20)
- Switching device which has a first switching point (2) for the normal operational switching of at least one current path (L1-L3) and a second switching point (3) for disconnecting a short-circuit current (IK),
wherein the first and second switching points (2, 3) are connected in series, wherein- the first and second switching points (2, 3) are accommodated in a common housing (G), wherein- for the purpose of connecting the current paths (L1-L3), electrical terminals (IN, OUT) and where applicable a control terminal (CON) for inputting a switching command are present in or on the housing (G), wherein- the first switching point (2) is rated for a maximum continuous current, and wherein- the second switching point (3) is rated for disconnecting a short-circuit current which amounts to a multiple of the maximum continuous current, characterised in that- the first switching point (2) has at least one main contact (9) which can be held open or closed respectively by means of a contact hold-open system (A) or a contact hold-closed system (Z) at least for the duration (ΔT) of a short-circuit. - Switching device according to claim 1,
characterised in that
the contact hold-open system (A) has an in particular electromagnetic actuator (12) which opens the at least one main contact (9) by means of a contact slide (11, 11') in the event of a short-circuit and holds said contact open until the short-circuit current is disconnected by means of the second switching point (3). - Switching device according to claim 1,
characterised in that
the contact hold-closed system (Z) has an electromagnetic actuator (12) which holds the at least one main contact (9) closed by means of a contact slide (11, 11") until the short-circuit current is disconnected by means of the second switching point (3). - Switching device according to claim 2 or 3,
characterised in that
the actuator (12) has an electromagnet, in particular a solenoid or lifting magnet, which is connected into at least one of the current paths (L1-L3) for electrical excitation purposes. - Switching device according to claim 4,
characterised in that
the actuator (12) has an in particular mechanical or pneumatic damping device (15) which allows the actuated contact slide (11, 17) to return to the home position following discontinuation of the electrical excitation only after a delay time (ΔT) has elapsed. - Switching device according to claim 2,
characterised in that- the second switching point (3) has a short-circuit current detector which outputs a control signal (T) in the event of a short-circuit, and- the at least one main contact (9) of the first switching point (2) can be opened by means of the electromagnetic actuator (12) in response to the control signal (T). - Switching device according to claim 2,
characterised in that- the second switching point (3) has a short-circuit current detector which outputs a control signal (T) in the event of a short-circuit, and- the at least one main contact (9) of the first switching point (2) can be held closed by means of the electromagnetic actuator (12) in response to the control signal (T). - Switching device according to claim 2,
characterised in that- the second switching point (3) has break contacts (5) which can be opened by means of a releasing mechanism in the event of a short-circuit, and- the second switching point (3) actuates a hold-open pusher (18) cooperatively interacting with the releasing mechanism and by means of which the at least one main contact (9) of the first switching point (2) can be opened. - Switching device according to claim 2,
characterised in that- the second switching point (3) has break contacts (5) which can be opened by means of a releasing mechanism in the event of a short-circuit, and- the second switching point (3) actuates a hold-closed pusher (19) cooperatively interacting with the releasing mechanism and by means of which the at least one main contact (9) of the first switching point (2) can be held closed. - Switching device according to claim 8 or 9,
characterised in that
the hold-open or hold-closed pusher (18, 19) is connected to an in particular mechanical or pneumatic damping device which allows the hold-open pusher (18, 19) to return to the home position only after a delay time (ΔT) has elapsed. - Switching device according to claim 1,
characterised in that- the first switching point (2) has at least one activatable and deactivatable main contact (9) and at least one switching drive (8) having a moving armature,- the at least one main contact (9) has fixed contact pieces (51) and a moving contact bridge (52),- the contact hold-closed system (Z) has a magnetic field concentrator having an in particular U-shaped profile (53) made of a magnetic material, wherein the magnetic field concentrator encloses the fixed contact pieces (51) and the moving contact bridge (52) while maintaining a minimum voltage gap. - Switching device according to claim 11,
characterised in that
the U-shaped profile has arms with a length such that the ends of the arms are arranged at least roughly in the region of the contact bridge (52) for the purpose of concentrating the magnetic flux. - Switching device according to claim 12,
characterised in that
the U-shaped profile (53) has a top side (OS) having a recess for feeding the current paths (L1-L3) - Switching device according to claim 11 or 12,
characterised in that
the magnetic field concentrator is implemented in two parts, with U-shaped profiles (53a, 53b) of the magnetic field concentrator in each case being disposed spaced apart from each other in the region of the two fixed contact pieces (51a, 51b) while maintaining a minimum voltage gap. - Switching device according to one of claims 11 to 14,
characterised in that
the U-shaped profile (53, 53a, 53b) is manufactured from a non-conductive magnetic material such as e.g. ferrite. - Switching device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the first switching point (2) is a contactor. - Switching device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that
the second switching point (3) is a circuit breaker. - Switching device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the first switching point (2) and/or the second switching point (3) are/is embodied for disconnecting an overcurrent, with the overcurrent amounting to a maximum of twice the continuous current. - Switching device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the switching device is a three-pole switching device having three main contacts (9) for activating and deactivating three current paths (L1-L3) and having three break contacts (5) for disconnecting a short-circuit current. - Switching device according to one of the preceding claims,
characterised in that
the switching device is a motor feeder or a compact starter.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/DE2006/001567 WO2008028432A1 (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2006-09-07 | Switching device, in particular a compact starter |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2059942A1 EP2059942A1 (en) | 2009-05-20 |
EP2059942B1 true EP2059942B1 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
Family
ID=37853022
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06775929A Not-in-force EP2059942B1 (en) | 2006-09-07 | 2006-09-07 | Switching device, in particular a compact starter |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090273419A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2059942B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101512705A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE510295T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE112006004108A5 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2008028432A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE602005022368D1 (en) * | 2005-11-21 | 2010-08-26 | Siemens Ag | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A STARING DEVICE FIVE |
DE102013110993A1 (en) * | 2013-10-02 | 2015-04-02 | Knorr-Bremse Gmbh | Method and device for monitoring at least one electronic switch contact for a vehicle |
US11935712B2 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2024-03-19 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Control system and interrupter system |
DE102018213354A1 (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2020-02-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Switchgear and method |
US11498690B2 (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2022-11-15 | Marathonnorco Aerospace, Inc. | Electronic release system for a hold open rod mechanism |
DE102019204303A1 (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-10-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Switching device, high-voltage circuit breaker and method for operating the switching device |
CN113223901B (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-02-15 | 深圳瑞能电气设备有限公司 | AC double-electric switching device capable of providing current-limiting protection when grounding current is too large |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3713412A1 (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1988-11-03 | Kloeckner Moeller Elektrizit | ELECTROMAGNETIC SWITCHGEAR WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC DRIVE |
JP2812810B2 (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1998-10-22 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Switch |
DE4335965A1 (en) * | 1993-10-21 | 1995-04-27 | Licentia Gmbh | Motor starter (engine starter) having integrated short-circuit protection |
US5541561A (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 1996-07-30 | Eaton Corporation | Integral electrical circuit controller |
DE19635055A1 (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-05 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Electrical low-voltage switchgear |
DE10011985A1 (en) * | 2000-03-11 | 2001-09-13 | Moeller Gmbh | Contact system for low voltage switch unit has movable contact bridge with pair of movable contacts and pair of fixed contact elements |
-
2006
- 2006-09-07 AT AT06775929T patent/ATE510295T1/en active
- 2006-09-07 CN CNA2006800557818A patent/CN101512705A/en active Pending
- 2006-09-07 US US12/310,791 patent/US20090273419A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-09-07 DE DE112006004108T patent/DE112006004108A5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-09-07 EP EP06775929A patent/EP2059942B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-09-07 WO PCT/DE2006/001567 patent/WO2008028432A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20090273419A1 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
DE112006004108A5 (en) | 2009-08-20 |
EP2059942A1 (en) | 2009-05-20 |
CN101512705A (en) | 2009-08-19 |
WO2008028432A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
ATE510295T1 (en) | 2011-06-15 |
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