EP2057348A1

EP2057348A1 - Method and apparatus for the milling cutting of materials

Info

Publication number: EP2057348A1
Application number: EP07802018A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ulrich Bechem
Original assignee: Bucyrus DBT Europe GmbH
Current assignee: Caterpillar Global Mining Europe GmbH
Priority date: 2006-08-31
Filing date: 2007-08-30
Publication date: 2009-05-13
Anticipated expiration: 2027-08-30
Also published as: US7896445B2; RU2009111590A; ZA200902146B; AU2007291529B2; PL2057348T3; JP5274465B2; AU2007291529A1; CN101512101B; CA2661476C; ES2399766T3; WO2008025555A1; CA2661476A1; EP2057348B1; DE102006040881A1; JP2010501753A; US20100001574A1; RU2433265C2; CN101512101A

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for the milling cutting and/or drilling of materials, in particular for removing rock, minerals or coal, comprising a tool drum (104) which is mounted on a drum carrier (101) such that it can rotate about a drum axis H, in which tool drum a plurality of tool shafts (105) which carry milling cutting/drilling tools (116) at their ends are mounted such that they can be driven to rotate, wherein at least two of the tool shafts (105) can be driven by a common gear drive which comprises output gearwheels (107) which are arranged in a rotationally fixed manner on the tool shafts (105), and a common drive element (108) which interacts with the output gearwheels (107), wherein the drive element (108) and the tool drum (104) can be rotated relative to one another. Provision is made according to the invention for the axes W of the tool shafts (105) to lie transversely with respect to the drum axis H. In the apparatus (110) according to the invention, a very short, compact, pulse-like engagement of the individual milling cutting/drilling tools (116) in the rock to be extracted can be achieved.

Description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR THE MILLING MACHINING OF MATERIALS

The invention relates to a device for the milling and / or drilling of materials, in particular for the removal of rocks, minerals or coal, with a rotatably mounted on a drum carrier about a drum axis tool drum, in the plurality of tool shafts which projecting from their projecting from the tool drum Carrying ends machining tools are mounted rotatably driven, wherein at least two of the tool shafts are drivable by a common gear drive having rotatably mounted on the tool shafts driven gears and a common drive element which cooperates with the drive gears, wherein the drive element and the tool drum are rotatable relative to each other , The invention further relates to a method for milling or removal of materials such as rock, coal or the like. and use of such a device as well as the use of the method.

For the removal of hard materials such as rock, ore and other mining products in underground or surface mining, but also for the milling of asphalt or concrete components in road construction or building construction. are known a variety of milling systems, which are provided with rotating driven drums or discs on which milling tools such as round shank chisel are evenly distributed. When used in underground mining drum skid steers rock or coal is mined by means of cutting rollers, which cut the material to be picked in full section, so that about half of all arranged on the circumference of the drum machining tools are simultaneously engaged with the mining front. Because of the relatively long contact times between the processing tools and the material to be Wear even of provided with carbide tips machining tools especially in hard, degraded materials high. In addition, because of the large number of simultaneous with the material to be degraded engaged single processing tools, the remaining pressure force for each tool is relatively low, which is why a relatively high feed force in the feed direction or working direction must be exercised on the device to reduce hard materials.

In order to increase the recovery performance of devices, particularly for the removal of hard rock, the inventors have developed devices which operate with impact superposition in order to obtain a high release impulse for the removal of minerals, hard rock or concrete. In working with impact overlay devices, the storage of the individual elements of the device as well as the noise pollution partly cause considerable problems.

Furthermore, the inventors have developed the device known from the previously published WO2006 / 079536 A1, which is based on the preamble of claim 1 and in which long service lives of the tools can be achieved with reduced contact forces, even when machining hard materials. The working principle of the device known from WO2006 / 079536 Al is based on arranging a plurality of tool spindles in a spindle or tool drum so eccentrically around a drum axis, that the spindle axes of the tool spindles are parallel or at most slightly inclined to the axis of rotation of the tool drum. All tool spindles are mounted in the tool drum such that the processing tools are distributed over the circumference in front of the end face of the tool drum. In operation, a rotation of the tool drum is superimposed with a rotation of each tool spindle. By superimposing the rotational movements of the tool drum and the tool spindles, it can be achieved that only a relatively small number of machining tools are simultaneously in operative engagement with the material to be milled or abraded, resulting in a high release force for each individual machining tool. In operation, the known processing device is transverse to the axis of rotation of the tool drum and thus also moves transversely to the axis of rotation of each tool shaft. With the known device outstanding service life of the tools are achieved even with hard materials and high removal rate. When removing materials on closed surfaces, but also when drilling boreholes or the like. However, the retraction is partly problematic due to a feed movement of the device in the material to be removed, partly not possible. Furthermore, the degradation of materials over a large area requires a substantial diameter of the tool drum, resulting in a comparatively high overall weight of the device.

The object of the invention is to provide a device which is able to economically remove rocks or other materials with high strengths at high removal rate and large Abtragsfläche. The device is intended to ensure a high level of operational reliability, be used in a wide variety of applications and avoid the disadvantages of the known device.

To solve these objects, a device having the features of claim 1 is proposed. According to the invention it is provided that the shaft axes of the tool shafts are transverse to the drum axis. In contrast to the device known from WO2006 / 079536 A1, therefore, an arrangement of the tool shafts rotating with the tool drum is selected, in which the shaft axes of the individual tool shafts are no longer substantially parallel, but transverse to the drum axis of the tool drum. Due to the significantly changed orientation of the shaft axes of the tool shafts, the machining tools no longer lie on the end face of the tool drum, but the milling or removal takes place radially outside the circumference of the tool drum. Due to the changed alignment of the tool shafts, a fundamentally different overlaying of the rotary movement of the tool drum and the rotation of the tool shaft is produced. Nevertheless, even with the device according to the invention, a very short, compact, pulsed engagement of the individual processing tools in the rock to be degraded can be achieved. which, therefore, the advantages of the known device, in particular a very high release force, even with reduced, available pressure force of the tool drum can be maintained.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the shaft axes of the tool shafts can be perpendicular to the drum axis. Alternatively, the shaft axes of the tool shafts may also be angled to the drum axis, wherein the angle of the angling is at least 45 ° and preferably greater than about 80 °. In principle, it would also be possible for the shaft axes of one or more tool shafts to be perpendicular and, at the same time, for the shaft shafts of other tool shafts to be the same or different from the axis of the drum. In the device according to the invention is of particular advantage that, in contrast to the prior art, a working movement of the device takes place parallel to the drum axis and / or that a feed movement of the device to the depth of cut for the next Abtragvorgang is perpendicular to the drum - axis. In the case of the solution according to the invention, all machining tools are preferably located radially outside the tool drum, in particular radially outside the circumference of the tool drum, and during operation the material, outside the circumference of the tool drum, is crescent-shaped. Due to the rotational movement of the drum and the arrangement of the shaft axes of the tool shafts rotate in the operation insert, the processing tools transverse to the drum axis and the material is removed outside a circumference of the drum. Due to the deviating from the prior art superposition of rotational movements and with the same tool drum size further outward machining tools even shorter tool engagement times can be achieved than in the pre-published system. The contact between each individual machining tool and the material to be removed can advantageously take place, in particular, when the instantaneous direction of movement of the machining tool coincides with the direction of movement of the tool drum.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the tool drum and at least a part of the tool shafts can have a common rotation have drive. In this embodiment, by means of a rotation of the tool drum, the tool shafts acted upon by the common rotary drive can also be automatically set in rotation. According to one embodiment, the rotary drive could have a rotatably connected to the tool drum, mounted in the drum carrier, driven by a drive device drive shaft and one or at least one rotatably mounted on the drum carrier drive gear as a drive element, which meshes with the output gears on the respective tool shafts. A corresponding device can be constructed particularly compact, with very high forces and torques are transmitted and at the same time there is a fixed ratio of the rotational speeds between the tool drum and the drive shaft and the driven tool shafts. In order to transmit the drive forces safely, the drive gear and the associated output gears may be formed of bevel gears, built in the manner of a planetary gear bevel gear in which the or the drive gears each form the sun gear and the mitbewegten with the tool drum output gears planetary gears. In an alternative embodiment, the drive gear may consist of a toothed crown wheel, with which cylindrical gears mesh as associated output gears. When using a crown gear with planetary gears the forces exerted on the respective bearings forces are significantly reduced during operation, since no axial forces are transmitted via the crown gear.

In order to achieve a favorable release behavior in a common rotary drive for the tool drum and the tool shafts, the transmission preferably has a transmission ratio between about 3: 1 and 9: 1, in particular about 6: 1 and 8: 1 between the drive shaft and the tool shafts. For particularly hard machining tools such as diamond tools or ceramics, the gear ratio can also be eg 12: 1 and greater. To be able to absorb high pressure forces well, according to an advantageous embodiment, the tool drum on both sides of the tool shafts on a drum carrier be supported, preferably on the opposite side of the drive drum of the tool drum Pin or a bearing for two-sided mounting of the tool drum is formed. For smaller tool drums or softer materials to be degraded, however, one-sided mounting of the tool drum could be sufficient.

In an alternative embodiment, the tool drum may have a drum drive which is decoupled from a gear drive for the drive element. In this embodiment, which then operates accordingly with two separate rotary actuators, the speed ratio between the rotational speed of the tool drum, with which rotate the tool shafts transverse to their shaft axes, and the rotational speed of the respective tool shafts can be set almost arbitrarily. For adjustment is particularly advantageous if the drum drive and / or the gear drive consist of adjustable drives. For many applications, the drum drive and the gear drive can be arranged or coupled on the same side of the tool drum. For this purpose, the tool drum may in particular be provided with an axially protruding shaft receptacle in which a rotationally fixed connected to the drive gear, both sides of a receiving bore of the shaft receiving outstanding gear drive shaft is rotatably supported or supported. The gear drive shaft can then be supported in particular by means of a bearing in the receiving bore and by means of a second bearing in a bolted to the tool drum bearing cap. A corresponding embodiment is particularly advantageous when the shaft axes are angled to the drum axis and the drive gear and the output gears are formed as bevel gears of an angular gear with planetary gears. However, the shaft axes could also be perpendicular to each other. Appropriately, then the shaft receiving the drum drive and the transmission input shaft to the transmission drive can be coupled.

In an alternative embodiment with two separate rotary drives for the drum drive and the gear drive, the drum drive on one side of the tool drum and the gear drive axially offset on the opposite side of the tool drum can be arranged or coupled. According to an advantageous Embodiment, the tool drum can be provided on the opposite side with an axially projecting annular extension with a shaft receiving a rotatably connected to the drive gear, both sides of a receiving bore of the shaft receiving outstanding gear drive shaft is rotatably supported, the tool drum on the other side has a bearing extension to which the drum drive can be arranged or coupled. The gear drive shaft may conveniently be rotatably supported by a first bearing in the shaft receiving the ring extension and by means of a second bearing in the bearing extension, wherein preferably the bearing extension can consist of a bolted to the tool drum bearing flange. The bearing extension can in particular be provided with a toothing or a toothed wheel in order to connect the drum drive and tool drum in a simple manner via gears or toothed belt.

According to a further, advantageous alternative embodiment, the tool drum can be non-rotatably connected to the output side of a first hub gear and the drive gear rotatably connected to the output side of a second hub transmission, both hub gears are arranged in a central receptacle. Such a design is particularly compact and can therefore be good with swivel arms or the like. move along a large excavation front. The hub gears can be designed, in particular, as a slide-in transmission with transmission stages preferably encapsulated in gearbox housings, wherein the mounting flanges of both hub gears can be fastened or fastened to the drum carrier. The drive of the hub gear could be done in particular via timing belt.

In all embodiments with separate rotary actuators, the drive gear and the driven gears can be formed in turn particularly advantageous as bevel gears of an angular gear with planetary gears or alternatively, a crown gear could form the drive - gear, while the driven gears are formed as with this meshing cylindrical gears. To make the device particularly compact, the output gears of all the tool shafts with a single, common drive gear in Meshing. In particular, in this embodiment, the tool shafts can then be arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference in the tool drum. Alternatively, however, the tool shafts could also be arranged unevenly and / or in groups distributed in the tool drum and / or it could be provided for each group a separate drive gear.

It is also advantageous if each machining tool arranged on a tool shaft is arranged offset by an angular amount and / or at a distance from the drive shaft or drum axis relative to the arrangement of a machining tool of a tool shaft in front of or behind the drum circumferential direction. The machining tools are in this case preferably formed or fastened to tool carriers which are detachably connected to the tool shafts. Alternatively, however, they could also be anchored directly to the ends of the tool shafts. To facilitate the replacement of the tool shafts, they can be rotatably received in bearing bushes by means of bearings and sealed by shaft seals, which is achieved in a relatively simple manner that the tool shafts can be used cartridge-like interchangeable provided by the bearing bushes provided in the drum tool drum and locked.

Depending on the material to be degraded and the purpose of the device according to the invention, different types of tools can be used. When removing materials such as rock, coal or minerals in underground or underground mining is particularly advantageous if the processing tools preferably all tool shafts from chisels or round shank chisels arranged for multi-layer undercutting removal of the material to outwardly tapering tool carriers or ends of the tool shafts are. The tool carriers or ends of the tool shafts may taper conically, arcuately or in steps. It is particularly advantageous if the processing tools are arranged on each tool shaft in cutting rows on pitch circles with different diameters, wherein preferably the distance between two rows of cutting is selected such that all rows of cutting approximately the same size Remove sickle-shaped cutting surfaces. In this embodiment, it can be achieved that the service life of each individual machining tool on the tool head of a tool shaft is approximately the same, so that an exchange of the machining tools can take place with fixed maintenance intervals. Instead of undercutting tools and milling drums can be used. A working with milling rollers as a machining tool device can be used in particular for road construction for removing deposits, in building construction for the renovation of floors and walls or civil engineering for pulling eg trenches and the like or on the boom of an excavator. to be assembled. The milling drums can be cylindrical or taper conically towards the machined material.

At each tool shaft, a plurality of processing tools are preferably formed. It is particularly advantageous if the machining tools are arranged offset in phase from one another in the circumferential direction of the tool drum tool shafts, so that a machining tool of a subsequent tool shaft at another location in the material to be machined or ablated material as the machining tool of the leading tool shaft. In most embodiments, it is sufficient to store the tool shafts within the tool drum. In the case of particularly hard material, however, it may be advantageous if the tool shafts are rotatably supported at their radially outer end by means of a bracket with pins, which in turn is fastened to the tool drum, so that additional support or support of the tool shafts respectively at or near the Processing tools bearing ends of the tool shafts takes place.

For use of the device according to the invention in underground mining for the mining of coal may be particularly advantageous if the tool drum is provided between adjacent tool shafts with radially extending scratches or blades, with which preferably dissolved by means of undercutting processing tools on the mining front material in a Conveyor or the like. the extraction device is loaded. The device according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in a method for milling or removing rock, in which the rotational speed of the tool shafts, the rotational speed of the tool drum, the feed rate of the device parallel to the drum axis and / or the angular position of the arranged on the individual tool shafts processing tools relative is set to the angular position of the processing tools in the circumferential direction before or behind lying tool shafts so that a machining tool a subsequent tool shaft not at the same point of impact in the rock or the like. strikes like a machining tool of a previous tool shaft. By varying the parameters rotational speed of a planetary carrier forming tool drum, rotational speed of the drive gear bearing drive shaft as Planetenradwelle, feed rate of the device and cutting line spacing of the processing tools, the trajectory of each tool cutting edges of the processing tools can be determined and thus reliably the grain size and surface structure of the machined or abraded material influence. It is particularly advantageous if the rotary drive is carried out by means of controllable drives, so that different rotational speeds can be adjusted continuously without interrupting the cutting work. A corresponding design of the device makes it possible to adapt the respective drive-specific requirements to the geometry of the surface to be machined as well as the properties of the material to be processed or ablated.

Further advantages and embodiments will become apparent from the following description and the drawings in which preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated and exemplified in more detail. Show it:

1 shows in section a device according to the invention according to a first embodiment; Figure 2 is a sectional view of a second embodiment with tool shafts whose shaft axes are inclined.

3 is a sectional view of a device according to the invention according to a third embodiment with undercut tools for the removal of mineral rock;

4 shows the device from FIG. 3 in a plan view of the end face of the tool drum;

5 is a sectional view of a fourth embodiment of a device according to the invention with inclined standing and end-supported tool shafts.

6A, 6B in section and in a plan view of a device according to the invention according to a fifth embodiment;

Fig. 7 in plan view similar to Fig. 6B another

Example of use for a device according to the invention;

8 shows in section a device according to the invention according to a sixth embodiment with decoupled rotary drives.

9 shows in section a device according to the invention according to a seventh embodiment with decoupled and arranged on different sides of the tool drum rotary actuators.

10 shows a section of a device according to the invention according to an eighth embodiment with centrally located hub gears; and Fig. 11 shows a use of an inventive device on a pivotable arm.

In Fig. 1, a device according to the invention by reference numeral 10, for example, for the removal of pavement in road construction, for the rehabilitation of soil or walls in building construction or for use in mining according to a first embodiment variant shown. The device 10 comprises a drum carrier 1, the odige on a suitable holding means or moving means for the device 10, for example, the boom of an excavator, the machine boom of a tunneling machine. can be attached. The rohrformige, here hollow drum carrier 1 has a central, centrally formed to the drum axis or main axis H bearing receptacle 11, in which a rotatably connected to a tool drum 4 drive shaft 3 is mounted freely rotatably by means of two arranged in O arrangement tapered roller bearing 2. One end of the drive shaft 3 is rotatably connected to the tool drum 4 and the other, protruding from the drum support 1 end of the drive shaft 3 is used for rotationally fixed receiving a gear 3b, with which a suitable rotary drive for the device 10 can be coupled. The motorized rotary drive can or the like of an engine with downstream transmission and possibly overload clutch. be formed. The drive shaft 3 and the tool drum 4 are rotatably connected to each other or consist of a piece. The end face 4 'of the tool drum 4 is completely closed and the tool drum 4 has distributed over its circumference a plurality of radial bores or radial passages 12, in which tool shafts 5 are mounted such that the shaft axes W of the tool shafts 5 are transverse to the drum axis H, thus the free ends 9 of the tool shafts 5 are completely radially outside the drum peripheral edge 4 ' ^{1 of} the tool drum 4, distributed over the circumference of the tool drum 4, depending on the size and diameter of the tool drum 4, about three to twelve tool shafts 5 are arranged. The bearing of the tool shaft 5 in the radial passage 12 takes place here again by means of two tapered roller bearings 6 in o-employment, wherein the assembly of each bevel gear shaft 5 via the unilaterally open transmission receptacle 14 of the factory generating drum 4 takes place. At the free end 9 of each tool shaft 5 in Fig. 1 from a milling drum existing tool carrier 15 is attached thereto with individual processing tools 16, wherein on each tool carrier 15 a plurality of here only by means of their chisel tips represented processing tools are arranged and the arrangement of the processing tools 16th such that they are distributed in a spiral over the carrier circumference of the tool carrier 15 so that on a radial line of each tool carrier 15 as possible only a chisel tip of a machining tool 16 is located. In the case of a machining tool 15 embodied as a milling drum, in each case a uniform angular offset and axial offset can exist between all the machining tools 16.

In the machining apparatus 10, only the gear 3B on the drive shaft 3 is engaged with an external drive. During a rotation of the drive shaft 3 rotates the rotatably connected to this tool drum 4, whereby the arranged in the radial passages 12 tool shafts 5 also rotate around the drum - axis H. By means of a generally designated by reference numeral 20 angular gear is now derived from the rotational movement of the tool drum 4, a rotation of the individual tool shafts 5 and this superimposed. The angle gear 20 is arranged protected in the transmission receptacle 14 of the tool drum 4 against contamination. Trained as a planetary gear bevel gear 20 has a non-rotatably mounted on a peripheral flange 47 of the drum support 1, therefore stationary in use drive gear 8, with which in each case a driven gear 7 meshes, which is non-rotatably connected to the protruding into the gear receptacle 14 shaft end of the tool shafts 5. Trained as a bevel gear drive gear 8 is preferably bolted to the peripheral flange 47 by means of the connecting screws 18. Since the drum carrier 1 or the like with a machine boom. is connected, the drive gear 8 is stationary relative to the tool drum 4 and the circulation of the tool drum 4, the output gears 7 run as planet wheels to the drive gear 8 to. The tool drum 4 forms the planet carrier in this regard. The transmission ratio between the drive gear 8 and the output gears 7, depending According to size and design of the device 10, 3: 1 to 12: 1 and more, with a gear ratio of about 6: 1 to 8: 1 offers particularly great advantages.

In the device 10, the shaft axes W and the drum axis H are perpendicular to each other and the angle gear 20 is designed accordingly. By rotating the individual tool holder 15 with the spirally offset machining tools 16 and the additional rotation of the tool drum 4 is when editing material outside the circumference 4 '' of the tool drum 4 each only an extremely short contact time of the individual processing tools 16 and chisel tips with the be removed or removed material such as Reached rock. Because of this short contact time of the wear of the individual processing tools 16 is very low. Depending on the transmission and the drive used, e.g. the tool drum 4 revolve at 60 rpm and the speed of each tool shaft 5 is e.g. 400 rpm. In order to protect the bevel gear 20 and the tapered roller bearings used 2, 6 are at the radial outlet of the radial passages 12 to the circumference 4 '' of the tool drum 4 each shaft seals 17 are arranged and the transmission receiving space 14 by means of an annular disc 19 with shaft seal 13 at the inner opening of the annular disc 19 closed.

Fig. 2 shows a second embodiment of a device 60 according to the invention, wherein in comparison to the embodiment of FIG. 1 construction or functionally identical components are provided with increased by 50 reference numerals. As in the previous embodiment, a drive shaft 53 is rotatably mounted within a drum carrier 51, which is rotatably connected to a tool drum 54. The tool drum 54 is, distributed over its circumference, provided with a plurality of radial passages 62 for receiving a corresponding number of tool shafts 55, wherein the bearing of the tool shafts 55 in the radial passages 62 again takes place by means of a pair of tapered roller bearings 56. As in the previous exemplary embodiment, tool carriers 65 with a plurality of, preferably spirally distributed, bearer teeth 65 are provided on the free shaft ends 59 of each tool shaft 55. processing tools 66 arranged. In contrast to the previous embodiment, however, the shaft axes of the tool shafts are not perpendicular to the drum axis H of the tool drum 54, but the shaft axes W of the tool shafts 55 are inclined by the angle 74. The individual processing tools 66 on the circumference of the tool carrier 65 therefore do not rotate perpendicular to the holder axis H, but about an axis of rotation, which is at an angle of about 85 ° to the drum axis H here. The tool carrier 66 is in turn formed as a milling drum as in the previous embodiment. Also in the device 60, the rotation of the tool shafts 55 is derived from the rotation of the drive shaft 53 by means of an angular gear 70, which is arranged as in the previous embodiment in the gear receiving space 64 of the tool drum 54 and a non-rotatably connected to the tool carrier 51 drive gear 58 and each with this includes meshing and planetary gears rotating output gears 57 which are rotatably connected to the individual tool shafts 55. Due to the bending between the shaft axes W, H of the tool shafts or the tool drum 54, the angle gear 70 has a correspondingly inclined toothing on the bevel gears 58, 57. The angling 74 avoids or reduces the grinding of the outer tool rows of the machining tools 66 on the tool carriers 65, and all the tool shafts 55 can be angled over the circumference with the same angled portion 74. However, individual tool shafts can also be executed in groups with different bends, in which case, in particular if different rotational speeds of the tool shafts are to be achieved, two or more drive gears could also be arranged in the gear receiving space.

In Fig. 3, a device 110 for a main field of application of a device according to the invention, namely the undercut removal of rocks, coal or other minerals in underground or surface mining is shown. Functionally identical components as in the first embodiment are provided with increased by 100 reference numerals. A drive shaft 103 is in a similar with a machine boom or the like. mounted drum carrier 101 and rotatably mounted connected to a tool drum 104, which has distributed over the circumference a plurality of radial passages 112, in each of which tool shafts 105 are arranged such that the shaft axes W of each tool shaft 105 is perpendicular to the axis of rotation or drum axis H of the tool drum 104. The entire apparatus 110 in turn has only one rotary drive which can be coupled to the gearwheel 103B fastened to the drive shaft 103 and the rotation of the individual tool shafts 105 is effected by means of an angular gear 120, which has a central, concentric with the drum axis H and the drum carrier 101 has locked common drive gear 108 for all planetary gears and attached to the free ends of the tool shafts 105 driven gears 107 has. In contrast to the two previous embodiments, however, the machining tools consist of undercutting working tools 116 with here conically outward or with increasing distance from the drum axis H to be tapered tool carriers 115. The tool carrier 115 has four tool lines 121, 122, 123 in the illustrated embodiment , 124, wherein on each tool line 121-124 one or more, in turn, only indicated about their chisel tips machining tools 116 are arranged here the material to be removed step 130 and split undercutting. The processing tools 116 on the different tool lines 121-124 break through their conical placement on the tool carrier 115, the material to be removed evenly, wherein the individual tool lines 121-124 are preferably arranged such that processing tools 116 on different tool lines 121-124 each have the same size Remove volume. Due to the conical arrangement of the processing tools 116 on the conical tool carrier 115, each tool on the radially outer cutting lines has sufficient clearance for the undercut releasing material. In Fig. 3, the working direction of the device 110 according to the invention is shown with the arrow A and it is easy to see that the working direction A of the device 110 according to the invention is parallel to the drum axis H. The feed movement of the device 110 into the material 130 to be ablated is correspondingly perpendicular to the working direction A, and therefore perpendicular to the drum From FIG. 3, it can also be clearly seen that the individual machining tools 116 rotate transversely or here perpendicular to the drum axis H.

The structure and operation of the device 160 according to the invention of FIG. 3 can also be seen from FIG. 4, in which a view is shown on the front side 104 'of the tool drum 104. Distributed over the circumference of the tool drum 104 here are a total of six tool shafts with associated, conical or rounded tool carriers 115 arranged at their ends, each tool carrier 115 is provided with distributed on three tool lines arranged round shank chisels as a processing tool 116. Due to the superimposed rotation of the tool drum 104 and the tool shafts 115 rotating with the tool shafts, each individual machining tool 116 executes a short cut in the material 130 to be abraded, with the cut surfaces for the different tool rows being sickle-shaped. The machining tools of the same cutting rows on different tool carriers are in this case arranged such that a machining tool 116 of a trailing tool carrier 115 carries out the removal of the material or the knocking out of the material at a location other than the machining tool 116 of the previous tool shaft. With these short tool engagement times, an enormous cutting performance with low contact force for the device 110 and at the same time low wear of the individual machining tools 116 can be achieved. The working direction of the device 110 has parallel to the drum axis in the plane of drawing

FIG. 5 shows a fourth exemplary embodiment of a device 160 according to the invention. The tool drum 154 and the intermediate gear 170 interposed between the individual tool shafts 155 and the common drive wheel 157 have, in principle, the same structure as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2 and the statements there are made directed. The device 160 has a special configuration for tool shafts 155 whose shaft axes W are inclined to the drum axis H of the tool drum 154. As in the previous embodiments, the tool shafts 155 between their shaft ends 159, to which the tool carrier 165 are preferably releasably secured, and the radially inner shaft ends 155 ', to which the driven gears 157 are attached, mounted with a bearing formed by two Kegelradlagern 156 in the radial, here oblique radial passages 162. In contrast to the previous embodiments, however, all circumferentially distributed tool shafts 155 are rotatably supported at their free ends 155 '' by means of a bracket 180. The bracket 180 extends approximately U-shaped across the drum side, on which the drive gear 153B for coupling with the rotary drive is arranged, so that the angled standing processing tools 166 outside the circumference of the tool drum

154 at their most projecting ends freely and unhindered from the brackets 180 in the ablated material can pierce. The brackets 180 are guided around the outside of the tool carrier 165 and with a parallel to the shaft axis W of the tool shafts

155 extending pin 181 provided, which dips with the interposition of other tapered roller bearings 182 in the tool carrier 165 and the shaft end. A corresponding embodiment is particularly advantageous if the processing tools 166 of long milling drums or the like. consist.

In the embodiments described above, the tool drum was supported on one side only on one drum carrier. 6A and 6B show a further embodiment of a device 210 according to the invention with a common rotary drive for the tool drum 204 and the here perpendicular, but also angled to the drum axis H standing tool shafts 205. The rotation, via the gear 203 B in the drive shaft 203 is introduced, as in the previous embodiments via the bevel gear 220 in the tool shafts 205 are transferred with appropriate U-translation. On the drum side opposite the toothed wheel 203B and the gear holder 214, in the case of the device 210 shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, a solid pin 233 projecting beyond the end face 204 'is formed, which lies centrically to the drum axis H, around the device 210 on both sides Tool drum 204 on the one hand via the pin 233 and other- on the other hand to support the drum carrier 201. The working movement of the device 210 is shown in FIG. 6A with the arrow A parallel to the drum axis H and FIG. 6B shows the direction of rotation R of the tool drum 204 for the device 210 with the total of six tool shafts 205 uniformly distributed over the circumference. FIG. 6B also clearly shows how the device 210 material in the working direction, ie in Fig. 6B into the plane, is removed.

FIG. 7 shows a further device 260 according to the invention with a tool drum 254 mounted on both sides, similar to the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 6B. In contrast to the previous embodiment, however, not six, but only four tool shafts 255 with suitable, e.g. provided as milling rollers tool carriers 265 provided. Between the tool shafts 255, which are each offset by 90.degree. With respect to one another, a blade 276 which projects radially beyond the circumference 254 '' of the tool drum 254 is fastened, with which the material dissolved by means of the rotating machining tools on the tool carriers 265 on the excavation front in the rock 280 in particular, how coal can be loaded into a conveyor (not shown). The device 260 is e.g. moved along a conveyor and moves in Fig. 7 in the drawing plane into it. The machining tools on the tool carriers 265 release material in the direction of rotation R due to the superimposed rotational movement of the tool shafts 255 and the tool drum 254, and the apparatus 260 conveys the dissolved material into a conveyor by means of the scrapers or blades 276 via a suitable ramp. The feed movement of the device 260, as indicated by the arrow Z, perpendicular to the axis of rotation H of the tool drum 254 and the tool drum 254 can be held on both sides as in the previous embodiment by means of the schematically indicated pin 283.

FIG. 8 shows a device 310 in which the drive for the tool drum 304 is decoupled from the rotational drive for the tool shafts 305. The device 310 can in turn be held by a drum carrier 301, for example, on a machine boom or support arm 340 is attached. In contrast to the previous exemplary embodiment, the tool drum 304 is provided with a hollow drum extension 335 protruding axially on one side, which is rotatably supported in the shaft receptacle 311 of the drum support 301 by means of two tapered roller bearings 310, such that the tool drum 304 is mounted over the shaft or drum extension 335 is rotatably supported on the drum carrier 301. At the free, protruding from the drum support 301 end of the drum extension 335, a toothing 337 is formed or fixed a gear, via which the shaft extension 335 and thus the tool drum 304 can be connected or coupled to a drum drive, not shown. The drum extension 335 forms, with its hollow shaft bore 336, a shaft receptacle for a gear drive shaft 325 mounted inside the shaft bore 336 by means of a tapered roller bearing 338 arranged in an X arrangement. The gear drive shaft 325 is provided with a toothing 326 at its end protruding from the shaft bore 336. The toothing 326 of the gear drive shaft 325 can be coupled to a separate from the drum drive, not shown gear drive to adjust the speed ratio between the speed of the tool drum 304 and the speed of the tool shafts 305 arbitrarily. The relatively long gear drive shaft 325 is supported with its second, from the receiving bore 336 of the drum extension 335 projecting and the transmission receiving space 314 through end by means of a second tapered roller bearing 326 in a bearing cap 319, screwed from the opposite side of the two drives 304 of the drum 304 here is. The gear receptacle 314 is thus open in the device 310 on the facing in the direction of A end face 304 and closed there by means of the bearing cap 319. The device 310 has tool shafts 305 whose tool shafts W angled at an angle of approximately 80 ° to the drum axis H run. The rotation, which is introduced via the gear 326 in the gear drive shaft 325, is transmitted by means of a drive gear 308 rotatably connected to the gear drive shaft 325 and each one rotatably connected to each tool shaft 305 output gear 307 by means of a sun gear, wherein in the apparatus 310 shown in FIG 8, the entire angular gear 320 has protects in the transmission receptacle 314 is arranged. At the free shaft ends 309 of the tool shafts 305 conical, undercutting tool carrier 305 are in turn releasably secured via the fastening screws shown. The device 310 in FIG. 8 is provided with individual processing tools 316 for three tool lines 321, 322, 323 in order to remove material from the removal front undercut and possibly with the same cutting performance. An exchange of the tool shafts 305 can be carried out in the device 310 in that the bearing shell 319 is released and in each case the output gear 307 is removed after removal of the drive gearwheel 308 lying adjacent to the bearing cap 319. The output gears 307 and the tool shafts 305 are then freely accessible via the transmission receptacle 314 and when the driven gear 307 and dissolved bearing ring 326 for the tapered roller bearings 306, the tool shafts 305 could be pulled outward from the radial passages 312.

In the exemplary embodiment of the device 360 in FIG. 9, a drum drive for the tool drum 354 on one side of the tool drum 354 and the gear drive for the bevel gear 370 can be arranged axially offset on the other side of the tool drum 354. The distributed over the circumference with a plurality of radial passages 362 for receiving the tool shafts 355 provided tool drum 354 has a relatively short annular extension 385, which is mounted on a first bearing 352 in a connectable to a drum carrier or part of a drum carrier forming bearing shell 351A. The ring or drum extension 385 forms with its interior in turn a shaft receiving 386 for a gear drive shaft 375, which protrudes with one end of the shaft receiving 386 and is provided at the corresponding exposed end with a toothing 376 for coupling with a gear drive. A second pivot bearing 352 for supporting the device 360 is located on the opposite side of the tool drum 354 and is held with a second bearing shell 351B, which in turn or the like with a tool carrier or the arm of a cantilever. can be connected. On the opposite side of the ring extension 385, a here multiply stepped bearing extension 390 is attached to the tool drum 354. screwed, which is provided at its free end with a toothing 387, to which a drum drive can be coupled. The bearing extension 390 is supported on one of its steps and the further bearing 352 on the second bearing shell 351B. The inside of the bearing extension 390 forming here a screwed-on bearing flange is provided with a recess 391, in which the second, free end of the gear drive shaft 375 is supported by means of a second tapered roller bearing 388. The transmission of the rotation of the gear drive shaft 375 to the tool shafts 355, whose shaft axes W are perpendicular to the drum axis H, again takes place via an angle gear 370 with a non-rotatably mounted on the gear drive shaft 375 drive gear 358, with each one as planetary gear with the tool drum 354 rotating and the tool shaft 355 driving output gear 357 meshes. By the end coupling of the drive for the tool drum 354 and the drive for the tool shafts 355, the trajectory of the individual cutting edges can be determined and thus the grain size of the dissolved material can be reliably adjusted to the desired size. If the material properties change, the speed ratio can be infinitely adjusted and adapted to the respective requirements without interrupting the cutting work.

The apparatus 410 shown in FIG. 10 again has a plurality of tool shafts 405 distributed over the circumference of a tool drum 404 for realizing the cutting movement according to the invention, whose shaft axes W are angled here to the drum axis H of the tool drum 404. The individual tool shafts 405, which are equipped with conical, undercutting working tool carriers 415, are respectively arranged in bearing bushes 445, which are screwed on the front side on the circumference of the tool drum 404 by means of a plurality of fastening screws 446. Each bearing bush 445 is replaceable in the manner of a cartridge and inserted into a drum chamber 412 via the screw connection 446 from the peripheral side. The device 410 could be easily converted to a configuration with standing perpendicular to the drum axis H tool shafts by bearing bushes are used, in which the tool shafts are arranged vertically. Within each bearing bush 445, the tool Shafts 405 in turn received with two tapered roller bearings 406, a bearing ring 426 and a shaft seal 417 and on the free, inner shaft end of each tool shaft 405, a driven gear 407 is arranged as a bevel gear of an angle gear 420. The drive of the tool drum 404 takes place in the device 410 by means of a toothed belt via a pulley 426 on the right side of the device 410, while the drive of the tool shafts 405 via a pulley 437 on the left side of the device 410. The pulley 426 for drum drive is connected to the drive side of a first, enclosed with a housing and shown only on its housing hub gear 497 and the pulley 437 is connected to the drive side of a second hub transmission 498. The hub gear 497 for driving the tool drum 404 is mounted on a first mounting flange 340A and the hub gear 498 for the drive gear 408 on a second mounting flange 440B, via which the entire device 410 can be attached to a drum carrier, not shown, such as a forked cantilever. The output side 498 'of the second hub gear 498 is bolted to the drive gear 408 via the screws 418 and the output side 497' of the first hub gear 497 is bolted to the tool drum 404 via the screws 499. Between the left in Fig. 10 drum ring 404A of the tool drum 404 and the drive gear 408, a ball bearing 495 is arranged, which is held by means of a bearing ring 494 and a shaft seal 493 protected against contamination in position. The common for all driven gears 407, driven via the hub gear 498 drive gear 408 can thus rotate at any speed relative to the likewise driven tool drum 404, whereby the speed ratio between the tool drum 404 and tool shafts 405 can be set almost arbitrarily. The device 410 is extremely compact, since both hub gears 497, 498 are designed as slide-in gear, are concentric with the drum axis H and substantially fill the interior space inside the tool drum 404. The devices according to the invention can be moved in a straight line in the working direction and then moved back in the opposite direction after a feed movement in the feed direction has taken place. FIG. 11 shows an exemplary embodiment for a swinging use of a device 510 according to the invention with four tool shafts 505 distributed over the periphery of a tool drum 504. The tool drum 504 is held on both sides by two extension arms 590A, 590B of a boom 590, which pivots about the pivot point D. can be. During pivoting, the machining tools 516 on the tool carriers 515 carry the material 530 in the pivoting direction S. In this case, both the tool carriers 515 rotate about the shaft axes W and the tool drum 504 about the drum axis H. It is possible to remove only in one direction at a time; Alternatively, it can also be removed in both directions of pivoting, so that after a completed pivoting about a tool width is delivered again, in order subsequently to ablate material in the other pivoting direction on the removal front 530. Further, it would be possible to make the boom 590 movable in height in order to gain even a larger cross section.

Those skilled in the art will recognize from the foregoing description numerous modifications which are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims. It is understood that in almost all embodiments instead of vertical tool shafts and angled tool shafts and vice versa could be used. Instead of an angle gear, a crown gear could be used in each case, which would have the advantage that no forces would be introduced parallel to the axis of the tool shafts in the drive shaft during the mining of rock. In the transmission recording could also be a bevel gear with multiple outgoing shafts are placed or the tool shafts or the like via cardan shafts. are driven. The device can be used in a wide variety of fields and depending on the purpose with almost all known tools. The preferred fields of application are, in particular, mining for the production of ores or coal, road construction for the removal of deposits, open-pit mining, tunneling for the advancement of tunnels, shaft construction, civil engineering when pulling eg trenches or building construction for the renovation of floors and walls.

Claims

Claims :

1. Device for the milling and / or drilling of materials, in particular for the removal of rocks, minerals or coal, with a on a drum carrier (1) about a drum axis (H) rotatably mounted tool drum (4), in the plurality of tool shafts ( 5) carrying at their from the tool drum (4) projecting ends (9) machining tools (16) are rotatably mounted drivable, wherein at least two of the tool shafts (5) are drivable by a common gear drive on the tool shafts (5) rotationally fixed output gears (7) and a common drive element (8) which cooperates with the driven gears (7), wherein the drive element (8) and the tool drum (4) are rotatable relative to each other, characterized in that the shaft axes (W) the tool shafts (5) are transverse to the drum axis (H).

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft axes (W) of the tool shafts (5; 105; 205; 355) are perpendicular to the drum axis (H).

3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft axes (W) of the tool shafts (55; 155; 305; 405) are angled to the drum axis (H), wherein the angle (74) of the angling is preferably greater than about 80 ° ,

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that in operation use a working movement (A) parallel to the drum axis (H) and / or a feed movement (Z) perpendicular to the drum axis (H).

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that all the processing tools (16; 66; 116; 166,216; 316) are located radially outside the tool drum (4) and abrade sickle-shaped material during use.

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that in operation use the machining tools due to the rotational movement of the tool drum (4) transverse to the drum axis (H) rotate and outside a circumference (4 ¹ ') of the tool drum (4) the material erode.

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tool drum (4; 54; 104; 154; 204) and at least a part of the tool shafts have a common rotary drive.

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the rotary drive rotatably connected to the tool drum (4; 54; 104; 154; 204), in the drum carrier (1) mounted, driven by a drive device drive shaft (3, - 153, 203) and one or at least one non-rotatably mounted on the drum carrier drive gear (8; 58; 108; 158; 208) as a drive element which meshes with the driven gears (7; 57; 107; 157; 207).

A device according to claim 8, characterized in that the drive gear (8; 58; 108; 158) and the associated output gears (7; 57; 107; 157) comprise an angular gear (20; 70; 120; 170) made of toothed bevel gears. form with planet wheels.

10. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the drive gear and the associated output gears form a toothed crown gear and cylindrical gears existing crown gear with planetary gears.

11. The device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the transmission is designed with a transmission ratio between 3: 1 and 9: 1, in particular about 6: 1 and 8: 1 between the drive shaft and the tool shafts.

12. Device according to one of claims 7 to 11, characterized in that the tool drum (204; 504) on both sides of the tool shafts (205) is supported on a tool carrier, preferably on the opposite side of the drive device of the tool drum (204) a pin ( 233) or bearing for two-sided mounting of the tool drum (204) is formed.

13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tool drum (304; 354; 404) comprises a drum drive, which is decoupled from a transmission drive for the drive element (308; 358, - 408).

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the drum drive and / or the gear drive consist of controllable drives.

15. The apparatus of claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the drum drive and the gear drive on the same side of the tool drum (304) are arranged or can be coupled.

16. The apparatus of claim 13, 14 or 15, characterized in that the tool drum (304) is provided with an axially projecting shaft receiving (335) in which a rotationally fixed to the drive gear (308) connected, on both sides of a receiving bore (336) the shaft receiving outstanding gear drive shaft (325) is rotatably supported.

17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the gear drive shaft (325) by means of a bearing (338) in the receiving bore and by means of a second bearing (338) in a with the tool drum (304) screwed bearing cap (319) is supported.

18. Apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the shaft axes (W) angled to the drum axis (H) ste- hen and the drive gear (308) and the output gears (307) are formed as bevel gears of an angular gear (320) with planetary gears.

19. Device according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that the shaft receptacle (335) with the drum drive and the transmission input shaft (325) is coupled to the gear drive.

20. The apparatus of claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the drum drive on one side of the tool drum (354; 404) and the gear drive axially offset on the opposite side of the tool drum (354; 404) are arranged or coupled.

21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the

Tool drum (354) on the opposite side with an axially projecting annular extension (385) with a shaft receptacle (386) is provided in a rotatably connected to the drive gear (358), on both sides of a receiving bore of the shaft receiving (386) outstanding gear drive shaft (375 ) is rotatably supported, and on the other side has a bearing extension (390) on which the drum drive can be arranged or coupled.

22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that the gear drive shaft (375) by means of a first bearing (388) in the shaft receiving the ring extension and by means of a second bearing (388) in the bearing extension (319) is rotatably mounted, wherein preferably the bearing extension ( 319) consists of a bolted to the tool drum bearing flange.

23. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the tool drum (404) rotationally fixed to the output side of a first hub gear (497) and the drive gear (408) rotatably connected to the output side of a second Nabengetriebenes (498). is bound, with both hub gears are arranged in a central receptacle.

24. The device according to claim 23, characterized in that the hub gears (497, 498) are designed as slide-in gear with preferably encapsulated gear stages, wherein the mounting flanges of both hub gears are fastened or fastened to the drum carrier.

25. Device according to one of claims 16 to 24, characterized in that the drive gear (308, 358, 408) and the driven gears (307, 357; 407) are formed as bevel gears of an angular gear with planetary gears or that the drive gear as the crown gear and the Output gears are designed as with this meshing cylindrical gears of a crown gear with planetary gears.

26. Device according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the driven gears of all the tool shafts (5) with a single, common drive gear (8) are in meshing engagement.

27. Device according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the tool shafts (405) in bearing bushes (445) by means of bearings (406) are rotatably received and sealed by shaft seals (417), wherein preferably the bearing bushes (445) with the rotatably mounted therein tool shafts cartridge-like interchangeable in the tool drum (405) provided drum chambers (412) are inserted and locked.

28. Device according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the tool shafts (5) distributed uniformly over the circumference in the tool drum (4) are arranged.

29. Device according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that each of a tool shaft (5) arranged machining tool (16) relative to the arrangement of a processing Tung tool (16) in front of a drum or in the circumferential direction behind tool shaft (5) offset by an angular amount or at a distance from the drive shaft is arranged.

30. Device according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the processing tools on tool carriers (315, - 415) are formed or fixed, which releasably with the

Tool shafts (305, 355, 405) are connected.

31. Device according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the machining tools (116; 316) preferably consist of all tool shafts of roller bits or round shank chisels, which are used for multi-layer undercutting removal of rocks, coal or minerals on outwardly tapering tool carriers (115 315, 415) or ends of the tool shafts are arranged.

32. Apparatus according to claim 31, characterized in that the tool carriers (315; 415) or ends of the tool shafts taper conically, arcuately or in a stepped manner.

33. Apparatus according to claim 32, characterized in that the machining tools on each tool shaft in cutting rows

(121-124) are arranged on pitch circles with different diameters, wherein preferably the distance between two cutting rows is selected such that all rows of cutting remove approximately equal crescent-shaped cutting surfaces.

34. Device according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the machining tools of one or more of the tool shafts essentially consist of milling rollers (15; 65; 165).

35. Apparatus according to claim 34, characterized in that the milling rollers are cylindrical or to the processed rock or the like. taper conically

36. Device according to one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that the processing tools are arranged out of phase with each other in the circumferential direction of the tool drum tool shafts to each other.

37. Device according to one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that the tool shafts (155) are rotatably supported at its radially outer end by means of a bracket (180) with pins (181) which is fixed to the tool drum.

38. Device according to one of claims 1 to 37, characterized in that the tool drum (254) between adjacent tool shafts with radially extending scratches or blades (276) is provided.

39. Method for milling or removal of rock or the like. using a device according to one of Claims 1 to 38, in which the rotational speed of the tool shafts (12), the rotational speed of the tool drum (12), the feed speed of the device parallel to the drum axis and / or the angular position of the machining tools (16) arranged on the individual tool shafts (10). ) relative to the angular position of the processing tools (16) of the tool shafts lying in the circumferential direction in front or behind are adjusted such that a machining tool (12) of a subsequent tool shaft

() does not strike at the same point of impact in the rock or the like as a machining tool (12) of a preceding tool shaft.

40. The method according to claim 39, characterized in that in operation use only a few processing tools () are simultaneously in engagement with the material to be milled or ablated.

41. Use of a device according to any one of claims 1 to 38 and / or the method according to any one of claims 39 to 40 for the mining of mineral extraction products such as coal, ore or the like. or for the treatment of concrete or asphalt surfaces or structures.