EP1649128B1 - Device for drilling a bore in the ground - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for drilling a bore in the ground, comprising a drive system with a connecting rod assembly that extends from the drive system into the ground. The end of said assembly pointing towards the face or base of the bore is connected to a tool head (40). The device also comprises several tools (41) that are located on the tool head (40) and work on the face or the base of the bore. The inventive device is characterised in that each tool (41) comprises an excavation disc (45) and elements that cause the excavation disc (45) to oscillate during operation.

Description

The invention relates to a device for producing a ground hole of the preamble of claim 1 corresponding type.

Such a device is known from WO 97/34070 known. The hammering tools are in this case connected to several directly to the tool head, so that the impact energy is transmitted via the drive medium on the submerged in the wellbore tools and of these directly to the borehole, so that the connecting rod remains largely unaffected. The tool head is connected via the connecting linkage with a drive device usually arranged outside the borehole with a rotary drive, so that the tools arranged on the tool head operate at ever new locations of the borehole bottom. In the first place, the devices in question work in solid rock.

In practice, this type of drilling is of increasing importance because on the one hand the quality of the holes is better and the direction of the holes can be maintained almost exactly, on the other hand due to the sound-absorbing operation in the hole without significant external impact environmental criteria such as noise pollution can be met much better.

The removal of the dissolved or abraded at the working face or at the borehole bottom rock material out of the wellbore can be done in such systems within the hollow connecting linkage in the manner of the so-called "reverse circulation". For example, for this purpose, the air lifting method can be used, in which air is blown as flushing medium in the drill pipe above the tool head, so that a pressure difference in the connecting linkage between the borehole and surface is created by the rising in the connecting linkage air pressure, which induces a flow velocity in the connecting rod, with the Rock material is expelled through the connecting rod.

In the known device find hammers working as tools hammers use. Although a satisfactory drilling progress is achieved with this device, especially in hard rock, it is disadvantageous, however, that the drilling efficiency decreases, especially in softer layers.

The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a device that ensures a satisfactory Bohrfortschritt in different rock formations.

This object is achieved by the reproduced in claim 1 invention. The fact that each of the tools includes a scraper and means that put the scraper in a tumbling motion during operation, applies each tool on the working face or bottom hole at the same time a striking, hard rock releasing, as well as a looming, dissolved hard rock and softer earth formations erosive attack out. Different rock formations can thus be solved and removed efficiently with the device according to the invention.

Each tool has a rotary main shaft with a shaft journal whose axis forms an acute angle to the axis of the main shaft, and a scrubber-carrying head which is rotatably mounted about the axis of the journal and has a peripheral portion running on a mating peripheral portion. By this measure, the scraper is rotated by the main shaft in the drum movement with a frequency corresponding to the rotational frequency of the main shaft. By running the peripheral portion of the head at the mating peripheral portion, at the same time, the rotation of the main shaft causes the peeling disk to rotate, the rotational frequency of which depends on the shapes of the peripheral portion and the mating portion. A fixed ratio of wobble to rotational frequency of the scrubber can therefore be constructive pretend.

However, in order to be able to optimally adapt the device according to the invention to different rock formations, it is particularly desirable to be able to vary the wobble to rotation ratio. This will be in the device characterized in that the mating peripheral area itself is set in rotation. Depending on the direction of rotation of the circumferential area, an increase or reduction of the resulting speed of the scraper is thus effected at a constant speed of the main shaft.

A drill in which the scraper is placed in high-frequency wobbling is taken by itself from the DE 43 32 113 A1 known. It is a device for the use of microtunnelling drilling to drive holes with a diameter between 150 mm and 1300 mm.

In particular, pins or disc rolls can be used as the removal means.

Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the device according to the invention, in which at least one drive device is provided, by means of which the tool head is displaceable in a rotation about the bore longitudinal axis. The drive device can be arranged both outside the borehole and the torques can be transmitted via the connecting linkage. However, it is also possible to non-rotatably support the linkage and to provide the drive device in or on the tool head. By the rotational movement of the tool head ensures that the scrapers at different locations of the working face or the bottom hole work.

The drive means for the tool head may be equipped such that the rotation takes place in a fixed sense of rotation, i. either clockwise or counterclockwise.

However, it is also possible to design the drive device such that the rotation takes place alternating direction of rotation, for example, by rotation angle between 90 ° and 270 °. This embodiment has the advantage that expensive rotary feedthrough seals, such as those required to supply fluid media to the tool head or sliding contact arrangements, as would be necessary for introducing electrical currents, for example for driving the tools, are dispensed with can. The seal or sliding contact arrangements can be replaced by simple, interference-insensitive flexible lines.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention means are provided which enable the scraper of each tool in the operation of the device in a rotation. By this measure, the prospecting attack on the rock to be dissolved is increased, the drilling efficiency increases. The means are, for example, hydraulic, pneumatic or electric rotary actuators.

Experiments have shown that the drilling efficiency is particularly high when the frequency of rotation of the scraper of each tool is less than its wobble frequency. The ratio between rotational frequency and wobble frequency is preferably 1:30 to 1:60.

The peripheral area and the peripheral area running on it can be designed in any way that ensures drainage during operation. Because of the ease of manufacture and reliability, however, it is preferred if the peripheral region has an outer toothing and the mating peripheral region has an internal toothing.

The mating peripheral region is preferably formed by a ring gear arranged concentrically to the main shaft axis, which can be set into rotation in accordance with the particularly preferred embodiment of the invention.

It has been found that the ratio of the wobble frequency and the rotational frequency, which is achievable with a non-rotatable circumferential range, is not optimal for a large number of applications. In most cases, a relatively lower speed of the drill head for the drilling progress would be more advantageous. A preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention therefore provides that the mating peripheral region can be set in rotation by means of a planetary gear meshing with the main shaft. This embodiment has the advantage that it requires no further drive motors.

However, it is also possible to rotate the mating peripheral area by means of a separate drive independent of the main shaft, i. No coupling of the circumference area and main shaft. Particularly preferably, the separate drive is configured controllable or controllable, whereby an adjustment of the ratio between Bohrkopfdrehzahl and Taumelfrequenz to the type of each pending rock is possible during operation.

Fig. 1

perspektivisch eine erste Ausführungsform eines Antriebsauf- baus einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;

Fig. 1a

einen Drehantrieb, der bei der Ausführungsform der Antriebs- einheit gemäß Fig. 1 alternativ zu dem hierin dargestellten Drehantrieb Verwendung finden kann;

Fig. 2

- schematisch - die Wirkungsweise des Lufthebesystems bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;

Fig. 3

- schematisch - eine Seitenansicht eines Werkzeugkopfes mit mehreren Werkzeugen;

Fig. 4

eine Ansicht gemäß Fig. 3 von unten;

Fig. 5

den Aufbau eines der Werkzeuge im Längsschnitt;

Fig. 6

- perspektivisch - eine Fig. 1 entsprechende Ansicht einer zweiten Ausführungsform des Antriebsaufbaus einer erfin- dungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;

Fig. 7 und 8

zwei weitere Ausführungsformen des Antriebsaufbaus in einer Fig. 6 entsprechenden Ansicht;

Fig. 9

einen Oszillationsantrieb, wie er in der Ausführung gemäß Fig. 8 Verwendung finden kann;

Fig.10

den Aufbau einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Werkzeu- ges in einer Fig. 5 entsprechenden Darstellung sowie

Fig. 11

- schematisch - eine bevorzugte Anordnung von Werkzeugen gemäß Fig. 10 an einem Werkzeugkopf.

In the drawings, embodiments of the device according to the invention are shown. Show it:

Fig. 1

in perspective, a first embodiment of a drive assembly of a device according to the invention;

Fig. 1a

a rotary drive, which in the embodiment of the drive unit according to Fig. 1 may be used as an alternative to the rotary drive described herein;

Fig. 2

- schematically - the operation of the air lifting system in a device according to the invention;

Fig. 3

schematically a side view of a tool head with multiple tools;

Fig. 4

a view according to Fig. 3 from underneath;

Fig. 5

the structure of one of the tools in longitudinal section;

Fig. 6

- in perspective - one Fig. 1 corresponding view of a second embodiment of the drive structure of an inventive device;

FIGS. 7 and 8

two further embodiments of the drive structure in one Fig. 6 corresponding view;

Fig. 9

an oscillating drive, as in the embodiment according to Fig. 8 Can be used;

Figure 10

the structure of another embodiment of a tool in a Fig. 5 corresponding representation as well

Fig. 11

schematically - a preferred arrangement of tools according to Fig. 10 on a tool head.

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a part of a device according to the invention arranged outside a borehole to be produced. The total of 3 designated drive structure of the device is attached to a support device 2, which is supported on a generally designated 1 working platform. At a connectable segments having connecting linkage 5, of which only the upper part is shown and extends (indicated only by dashed lines) through the working platform 1 into the hole to be produced and extends to the tool head, attacks a schematically shown rotary drive head 4. The drive of the connecting linkage 5 with the rotary drive head 4 can take place in a conventional manner known from the prior art, for example via a hydraulic motor.

Alternatively, however, it is also possible, instead of the arranged at the upper end of the connecting rod 5 rotary drive head 4 a in Fig. 1a illustrated rotary drive 4 'to use, as it is structurally known per se of piping devices.

This rotary drive 4 'comprises a fixed, outer part 4 ", against which an annular inner part 4"', whose inner diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of the connecting linkage 5 and with this optionally in the drive direction in operative connection, ie non-positively or positively connected, is rotationally driven , The drive can be done for example by a hydraulic motor. With its fixed part 4 ", the rotary drive 4 'with provided on the support device 2 variable-length force generators 2', such as spindles or piston / cylinder units, in Active compound. Are the connecting rod 5 and the inner part 4 '''of the rotary drive 4' configured so that in the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod 5, a frictional connection between this and the inner part 4 '''can be achieved, so can drive a propulsive force via the rotary drive 4' be introduced into the connecting rod. However, it is also possible to support the rotary drive 4 'fixed to the support device and inner part 4''' and connecting linkage 5 in such a way that the connecting rod 5 in its longitudinal direction in the inner part 4 '''is displaced. In this case, the propulsive forces are to be introduced, for example, by attack on the first rotary connecting head 10 to be described in the connecting rod.

At the upper end of the connecting linkage 5, a first rotary connection head designated 10 is arranged, via which the material dissolved at the bottom of the borehole is discharged via an outlet pipe 21 to the outside and compressed air is introduced into the connecting rod by means of a first supply line 13. Below the first rotary connection head 10, a second, generally designated 20 rotary connection head is arranged. The support device 2 is pivotable about a horizontal axis A and connected to rotary actuators 6, so that they can be inclined and can be drilled deviating from the vertical holes.

Fig. 2 schematically illustrates the method by which tools 41 of a tool head 40 released cuttings from the bottom 16 of the partially filled with water, for example up to a mirror 9 'hole 9 are transported to the outside. The interior of the connecting linkage 5 forms a flushing pipe 8, which is normally filled with water, in which above the tool head 40 through an inlet flap 43 air is blown, which was compressed outside the boring device with a compressor, not shown, and a Erstzuleitung 13 to the first rotary connection head 10 is guided by means of a first feed 12 along the connecting linkage 5 down. The injected air caused by the difference in density between the aerated through liquid in the flushing pipe 8 and the outer liquid in the ground hole 9 an upward flow within the flushing pipe 8, with the cuttings transported 7 upwards and is flushed out of the device via the outlet pipe 11 , Via a second supply line 23 is in one piece with the first connection head shown second connection head 20 of the second supply 22, the working medium and fed over this along the connecting linkage 5 for driving the tools 41 of the tool head 40 down. As working fluid can be used under pressure hydraulic fluid. However, it is also possible to design the drive of the tools electrically. Instead of the second connection head can then be used a sliding contact arrangement for feeding the electrical energy.

In the 3 and 4 is shown - schematically - a tool head 40, which is provided for example for a hydraulic drive. The driven by the hydraulic medium tools 41 are connected via supports 44 with a mounting plate 42 which is attached to the lower end of the connecting rod 5. The scrapers 45 arranged on the tools 41 act down on the sole 10 of the hole 9 and smash the rock there. The respective attack point moves by the rotation of the tool head in the circumferential direction. By attaching the tools 41 at different radii, the entire borehole cross-section can be covered. Number and arrangement of the tools 41 can be adapted to the diameter of the hole 9 and the material to be removed. The tools 41 are held and guided at their lower ends on a circular disk-shaped guide plate 46 of a diameter corresponding to the Erdlochdurchmesser.

Fig. 5 shows a tool 41 in a detailed view. It comprises a head 46 which carries the scraper 45. The scraper 45 is attached to the head 46 with a plurality of cap screws 47, only one of which is shown in the drawing.

The scraper 45 is provided with a central cutting edge 48. The scraper 45 has in the illustrated embodiment, three radially outwardly extending arms 50, which - as in the drawing on the left arm recognizable - with a plurality of chisels 51 are occupied.

The head 46 is rotatably supported by means of tapered roller bearings 52, 53 on a shaft journal 54 of a main shaft 55. The substantially cylindrical outer peripheral surface having shaft journal 54 is formed on the main shaft 55 that its axis B with the axis of rotation AA includes an acute angle w of about 3 °.

The main shaft 55 is in turn rotatably supported by tapered roller bearings 56, 57 in a machine housing 58 about the axis of rotation AA and is rotationally driven by a frontally flanged hydraulic motor 59.

The part of the head 46 facing away from the scraper wheel 45 is referred to as a gearwheel arranged concentrically to the axis B of the shaft journal 54, referred to below as a wobble wheel 60, and thus as a peripheral region 61, which runs on rotation of the main shaft 55 in an internal gear 63 acting as a circumferential region 62.

The internal toothing 63 is formed on a ring gear 64, which is arranged concentrically with respect to the main shaft axis and rotatably mounted with respect thereto.

At the opposite end of the internal toothing 63, the ring gear has a further internal toothing 65, which is part of a planetary gear designated 71 as a whole. In the internal teeth 65, the teeth of the smaller diameter parts 67 engage from the planetary gears 66. The larger diameter parts 68 of the planet gears 66 engage with their teeth in an outer toothing 69 provided on the main shaft 55 and in an inner toothing 70 provided in the machine housing 58, so that the planetary gears encircle the rotational axis AA during the rotary drive of the main shaft 55 in the same rotational sense , In this case, the ring gear 64 is offset in opposite direction to the rotation disc 45, the rotation of which is moved by running of the wobble wheel 60 on the internal toothing 63. It is understood that by selecting the ratios in the planetary gear 71, the rotational speed of the ring gear 64 relative to the main shaft 55 and thus the ratio of wobble frequency to rotational frequency of the scraper 45 can be specified.

Fig. 6 shows a second embodiment of a drive device. Functionally corresponding parts are provided with reference numerals increased by 100. The basic structure largely corresponds to that of Fig. 1 , The description there also applies to the present embodiment.

The drive structure, generally designated 103, of the device is fastened to a support device 102 which is supported on a work platform, generally designated 101. On a connecting rod 105, which extends through the working platform 101 into the hole to be produced and extends to the tool, a schematically shown rotary drive head 104 engages. The drive of the linkage 105 by means of the rotary drive head 104 can be done in a conventional manner known in the art.

At the upper end of the connecting linkage 105, a first connection head designated 110 is arranged, via which the material dissolved at the bottom of the borehole is discharged via the outlet pipe 121 to the outside and a rinsing liquid, usually air, is introduced into the connecting rod 105 by means of a first supply line 113. Below the first connection head 110, a second terminal head, generally designated 120, is arranged. The support device 102 is tiltable about a horizontal axis A by means of a pivoting drive 106, so that boreholes other than the vertical can also be drilled.

In the second embodiment of the drive apparatus, the second terminal head 120 may rotate as a whole with the linkage 105, and only the first rotary terminal head 110 is fixedly mounted. The rotary drive head 104 is adapted to reciprocally rotate the linkage 105 with the second connection head 120 for the drive medium of the hammers in the tool by a predetermined angle about the rotation axis of the linkage 105. This swept angle is usually below 360 ° and is selected depending on the number and the location of lying on the same radius tools 41. With only one tool 41 per radius 360 ° are required in two offset by 180 ° to each other tools per radius enough to reciprocate 180 °. However, it is also within the scope of the invention, turn the tool head back and forth by a limited, but larger angle than 360 °.

Due to the limited angle of rotation, it is possible to work a permanently installed, the rotation angle mitmachenden supply line for the drive medium, without the need for a rotary seal or sliding contact arrangement. In the embodiment shown, the drive medium is introduced by means of a flexible hose 115 into the second supply 122 of the connecting linkage 105. The hose 115 is mounted between the second supply line 123 and the second supply line 122. The length of the tube 115 is selected so that the tube 115 can follow the rotation of the linkage 105 without hindering it.

At another, in Fig. 7 illustrated embodiment, in which each other functionally corresponding parts Fig. 1 are provided with 200 increased reference numerals, the supply line 223 for the working medium, the supply line 213 for the compressed air and the outlet pipe 221 are formed as flexible hoses. The two supply pipes 213 and 223 are below the rotary drive 204 at the points 213 ', 223' connected via not shown in detail Flanschanordnungen with the connecting rod 205 extending line 212, 222 through which the compressed air of the inlet port (43 in Fig. 2 ) or the working medium with the tool head (40 in Fig. 2 ) is supplied. The advantage of this embodiment is that the rotary drive head 204, which, however, in this case only causes an oscillatory movement, only a pivot bearing for the connecting rod 205 must include, on rotary unions and rotary seals, however, can be completely dispensed with.

It should be noted in this connection that it is not absolutely necessary to connect the flexible hoses 213, 223 at the points 213 'and 223' to the lines 212, 222. Rather, it is also possible to completely dispense with the rigid lines 212, 222 and to guide the tubes 213, 223 to the corresponding, lying in the bore connection points on the connecting rod or on the tool head. Further, it goes without saying that - depending on the operation of the tools 41 - instead of the flexible cables and flexible electric cables can be used.

Instead of the always engaging at the upper end of the upper segment of the connecting rod 205 rotary drive head 204, it is also possible in this embodiment, a rotary drive 4 'provide that acts on the outside of the connecting rod 205 and whose operation and function otherwise also corresponds to that of the rotary drive 4' However, only causes a reciprocating movement of the connecting linkage.

Another embodiment of the device according to the invention is in Fig. 8 shown. Functionally corresponding parts are in view of the embodiments in Fig. 1 provided with increased by 300 reference numerals. In this case was placed on an upper bearing in the context of the rotary drive 204 in Fig. 7 or a rotary connection head completely omitted. The oscillation drive is a drive unit 304, which in their function of those in Fig. 9 shown and described below to be described.

The connection of the hose lines 313, 323 with the feeders 312, 322 and the hose 321 to the interior of the connecting linkage 305 is effected by means of a arranged at the upper end of the upper segment of the connecting support flange head 360, which is designed such that provided at this terminals for the hose lines 313, 323, 321 communicate with the lines 312, 322 or the interior of the connecting rod.

The drive unit 304 is supported on the support unit 302 by means of length-adjustable force generators 302 ', so that the drive force 304 can also be introduced via the drive unit 304 by lowering the drive unit 304 into the connecting linkage. When the drive unit 304 has reached its down position, further propulsion may be effected by "follow-up" in which it is released and re-set after being displaced to a higher position by means of the force generators and the process is restarted. Since no support unit is required in this device, whose length is at least that of a segment of the connecting linkage 5, this embodiment is characterized by a particularly low height.

The in Fig. 9 shown rotary drive 304 ', which is known per se from casing and therefore not to be described in detail, comprises a displaceable by means of two piston / cylinder units in an oscillating motion part 304''', which is designed in several parts hinged over its circumference. For coupling to the linkage 305 of this deferred part 304 '''is closed, so that it is with the lateral surface of the connecting rod 205 in the direction of action.

It is possible to dispense with individual drives for generating the tumbling motion in each tool and instead provide a central drive, which is coupled to the tools. The central drive may include a gearbox with drive shafts for each tool to vary wobble frequencies as well.

The tools according to Fig. 10 are arranged in the tool head such that their double arms 72 extend perpendicular to the tangent of the circles or circle sections which they sweep over due to the rotation of the tool head. They are also - as in Fig. 11 is shown schematically - arranged laterally offset, so that individual cutting tools 451 work in different tracks.

As a result, a coarser cuttings are obtained in comparison with arrangements in which the wheel discs of the tools rotate and / or several cutting tools operate in a track. The energy balance is cheaper due to the coarse Bohrguts, since the required for the latter crushing energy accounted for.

In the above, only embodiments of devices according to the invention have been shown which are suitable for driving substantially vertically extending bores. It is understood that the invention is not limited to such holes, but also for driving tunnel bores, which extend substantially in the horizontal direction, is suitable.

Claims (14)

1. A device for the production of a borehole,
   having a drive structure (3) connected to a tool head (40),
   and with a plurality of tools (41) arranged on the tool head (40) which work against the workface or bottom,
   characterized in that
   each tool (41) comprises an excavation disk (45) and means which during operation displace the excavation disk (45) in an oscillatory motion, wherein each tool has a main shaft (55) which is driven in rotation and has a journal (54) the axis (B) of which forms an acute angle (w) with the axis (AA) of the main shaft (55), and a head (46) which is rotatably mounted about the axis (B) of the journal (54) and comprises a circumferential region (61) which runs on a mating circumferential region (62), wherein the mating circumferential region (62) is displaceable in rotation.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive structure (3) is connected to the tool head (40) via a connecting rod assembly (5) which extends from the drive structure (3) into the borehole and carries the tool head at its end facing the workface or bottom.
3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the support device comprises an arm or an excavation disk (45).
4. The device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one drive unit (4, 4', 104, 204, 304) is provided by means of which the tool head (40) can be displaced in rotation about the longitudinal axis A of the borehole.
5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the drive unit (4, 4', 104, 204, 304) is arranged for rotation in a fixed direction of rotation.
6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the drive unit (4, 4', 104, 204, 304) is arranged for rotation in alternating directions of rotation.
7. The device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that means are provided which in operation displace the support device of each tool (41) in rotation.
8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the means are arranged such that the frequency of rotation is lower than the frequency of oscillation.
9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the ratio between the frequency of rotation and the frequency of oscillation is 1:30 to 1:60.
10. The device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the circumferential region (61) has external gear teeth and the mating circumferential region (62) has internal gear teeth.
11. The device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the mating circumferential region (62) is formed by a ring gear (64) arranged concentrically with the axis (AA) of the main shaft (55).
12. The device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the mating circumferential region (62) is displaceable in rotation by means of planetary gearing (71) which is engaged with the main shaft (55).
13. The device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the mating circumferential region (62) is displaceable in rotation my means of a drive which is separate from the main shaft (55).
14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that the separate drive is adjustable or controllable.

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