EP2055852A1 - Beam with wooden base comprising an undulating bracing forming a shock absorber - Google Patents
Beam with wooden base comprising an undulating bracing forming a shock absorber Download PDFInfo
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- EP2055852A1 EP2055852A1 EP08168015A EP08168015A EP2055852A1 EP 2055852 A1 EP2055852 A1 EP 2055852A1 EP 08168015 A EP08168015 A EP 08168015A EP 08168015 A EP08168015 A EP 08168015A EP 2055852 A1 EP2055852 A1 EP 2055852A1
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- Prior art keywords
- bastaing
- bracing
- beam according
- section
- fibers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
- E04C3/291—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures with apertured web
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of building materials. More specifically, the invention relates to wood-based beams comprising an inner bastaing and an outer bastaing between which extends a bracing.
- metal frames comprising straight or curved beams consisting of upper and lower metal spars interconnected by a plurality of bracing metal cross members.
- mixed wood / metal beams according to which there is used an inner face and an outer face of wood, interconnected by a metal bracing consisting of straight sections each extending obliquely from one side to the other. other of the beam, the sections being fixed on the lateral edges of the faces.
- Such beams by their structure and design, have an inability curve forming.
- a beam comprising an inner bastaing and an outer bastaing based on wood and having internal surfaces facing each other, a bracing extending between said inner and outer surfaces, characterized in that said bracing comprises at least one section undulating between said surfaces and having at least one support with each of said internal surfaces, said bracing being made of a material based on glass fibers and / or carbon.
- the invention particularly aims to overcome this drawback of the prior art.
- the object of the invention is to propose a wood-based beam of the type comprising an inner bastaing and an outer bastaing connected by an undulating bracing, which has a higher load resistance than the beams of the same type. prior art.
- the invention also aims to provide such a beam which is optimized from the point of view of its weight / load bearing ratio.
- the invention also aims to provide such a beam which has increased fire resistance.
- a beam comprising an inner bastaing and a wood-based outer bastaing, said inner bastaing having an inner surface facing an inner surface outside bastaing, a wavy bracing between said internal faces so as to have a succession of support against said internal faces.
- said bracing extends transversely between two edges having a longitudinal shape according to which, for each support of said bracing against said inner face of said outer bastaing, said edges extend from said support on said inner face of said outer bastaing , and on both sides of it, having a concave curvature with respect to said inner face of said inner bastaing.
- the bracing of a beam according to the invention has corrugations whose longitudinal shape gives the bracing a damping power.
- the behavior of the beam is brought to integrate a capacity to deform elastically.
- This characteristic of the beam thus formed makes it possible to push back the limits of withstanding load, and also to dampen the effect of the stresses, this reversibly, the beam returning to its initial state after disappearance of the stresses.
- Such behavior is particularly advantageous in a situation of seismic shaking.
- said bracing has, over at least a portion of its length, a profiled cross section having at least one relief between said borders.
- a beam according to the invention has an increased load resistance compared to the beams of the same type of the prior art.
- the profiled cross section of the brace gives it greater rigidity than that obtained with an undulating bracing having a flat section over its entire length.
- the Applicant has measured that the load resistance of a beam according to the invention is increased to about 4 t on a center distance of 2 m, whereas as mentioned above, a beam of the same type whose bracing has a flat section. withstands maximum loads of the order of 1 t.
- this increase in rigidity is combined with a damping capacity and / or stress diffusion so that the beam, even loaded to the limits of its resistance , returns to its original state (excluding load).
- said bracing has a flat cross section at said supports, said bracing having, between two supports, a portion having said profiled cross section.
- the bracing has, at each of the supports, a contact portion having an optimized surface to promote a reliable connection with the corresponding bastaing.
- said profiled cross section has two opposite flat edges parallel to each other, and between which extends a relief having a plate extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to said borders.
- said bracing has, for at least one end of said beam, a closed body whose surface bears against said inner surface of said inner bastaing and a surface bears against said inner surface of said bastaing outside.
- Such a closed body, preferably at each end of the brace effectively contributes to improving the performance of a beam according to the invention.
- the beam advantageously comprises longitudinal wedging means of said closed body or bodies, said wedging means preferably comprising two spacers extending between said inner surfaces of the inner and outer bastaings, and leaving between them a median space intended to form a housing for a fastener of said beam to a building.
- said bracing is made of a material based on glass fibers and / or carbon and / or linen, said bracing preferably comprising at least one inner layer in which the fibers are oriented according to the longitudinal axis of said beam, and at least one outer layer on either side of said inner layer, wherein the fibers are crossed with each other and oriented at angles of about + 45 ° and about -45 ° ° with respect to said fibers of said at least one inner layer.
- a brace thus constituted contributes to spreading the forces exerted on the beam and, consequently, to increase the resistance thereof.
- said inner bastaing and / or said outer bastaing comprise at least three layers including an intermediate layer between the two others, said intermediate layer having a lower density than the other two of said layers.
- said intermediate layer is preferably made in a low-density wood, the other two of said layers being made of a high-density wood and / or glued-laminated veneer sheets.
- At least said inner bastaing has a cross section of substantially trapezoidal shape in which the external surface opposite to said inner surface has a length less than that of said inner surface.
- the inner bastaing has improved strength of its first fiber, pushing the limits to breaking it.
- the shape thus conferred to the bastaing allows, in case of fire, to direct the flames to the lateral ends of the bastaing, which tends to delay the calcination of the first exposed fiber bastaing and, therefore, gives him a greater fire resistance.
- said bracing is secured to said inner surfaces of said inner and outer bastaings using a flexible glue and fixing means by bolting and / or riveting.
- Such a feature is part of the general approach of the invention that seeks to increase the strength of the beam while introducing into it a degree of flexibility (rather than increasing its rigidity) thus contributing to improve the ability to dampen and / or diffuse the stresses that are exerted on the beam.
- the principle of the invention is to improve the load resistance of a beam consisting of two bastaings connected by an undulating bracing, this providing a damping capacity bracing.
- the inner bastaing 1 and the outer bastaing 2 respectively have internal surfaces 11, 21 facing each other and between which the corrugating bracing 3 extends and is secured to the inner and outer bastings in a succession of supports against said internal surfaces.
- a laminated wood material allows to maintain a unit of fibers over the entire length of the corresponding bastaing.
- outer bastaing may also have such a section, parallel to that of the inner bastaing, that is to say with a substantially trapezoidal shape that tapers from the inner surface towards the outer surface.
- the vertices 31 and 32 constitute flattened portions of the undulating bracing, the bearing surface between the internal surfaces of the bastaings thus providing a relatively large contact surface (compared to the contact area that would be offered by a top of a portion curvature curve).
- the bracing 3 is mechanically connected to the inner and outer bastaings by means of a bolted (or riveted) connection, the surfaces offered by the vertices 31 and 32 being furthermore glued to the inner surface corresponding to the using a high elasticity glue such as a polyurethane glue hardness shore 40.
- the bracing 3 extends transversely between two edges 30 ( figure 5 ) having a longitudinal shape according to which, for each support of the brace against the inner surface of the outer bastaing, that is to say for each vertex 32, the edges 30 extend from the top 32, and on both sides thereof, having a concave curvature relative to the inner surface 11 of the inner bastaing.
- the portions 300 have a curved shape towards the outside of the space E, in the sense of a concavity seen from the inside of the space E.
- the space E (and each of the other spaces E as defined above) have an axis of symmetry S passing through the middle of the vertex 32.
- the portions 300 have a radius of curvature R of the order of 230 cm.
- the spaces E 'alternating with the spaces E as defined previously have in turn a profile according to which the portions 300 have a convex convex shape seen from the inside of the space E '.
- Bracing constituted such as just described can significantly increase the performance of a beam according to the invention incorporating such bracing.
- the portions 300 give the beam damping capabilities, this by constituting a plurality of elastically deformable zones whose direction of bending is predefined.
- a beam according to the invention can thus absorb significant stresses in bending, or even in compression, because of the power of the brace to deform, thereby absorbing part of the forces and recovering its initial state once the efforts cease to be exerted on the beam.
- each portion 300 of the brace acts as a leaf spring.
- a brace whose portions 300 are curved with a radius of curvature of the order of 230 cm deforms elastically under the effect of loads of the order of 2 t, and up to 4 t.
- This damping capacity of the beam through the bracing is combined with an increase in rigidity, in particular in torsion, of the bracing.
- the bracing has, over at least a portion of its length, a profiled cross section having at least one relief between said edges.
- the borders 30 constitute in the present embodiment of the fallen edges which contribute to increase the rigidity of the bracing (this being combined recall it with the damping power of the bracing).
- cross section of the brace 3 may have other shapes according to other possible embodiments.
- the bracing may have a section of corrugated shape such as that illustrated by the figure 6 .
- the bracing has a profiled section incorporating a relief only in the portions 300 of the brace extending between the vertices 31, 32.
- the parts of the brace corresponding to the vertices 31 and 32 are themselves formed to have a flat section.
- the closed body 310 bears against the inner surface 11 of the inner bastaing 1 via the top 31, and in contact with the inner surface 21 of the outer bastaing 2 via the second return 312.
- wedging means 4 are positioned at the ends of the beam and are provided to form a stop against which the closed body 310 of the brace bears.
- the wedging means 4 comprise two spacers extending between the inner surfaces of the inner and outer battens. These spacers are spaced from each other so as to provide a median space for forming a housing for a fastener 5 (shown in dashed lines) ensuring the attachment of the beam to a building (usually a wall).
- the fastening of the beam to the element of fixing is carried out by bolting through orifices formed in the fastening element 5 positioned in correspondence with orifices formed in the spacers 4.
- the spacers 4 are pieces made of glulam. They are spaced apart by a distance of about 5 to 10 mm.
- the first return 311 of the closed body 310 is glued to the spacers with a flexible glue, while the spacers 4 are glued to the inner bastaing and outer bastaing using a rigid glue.
- the closed body is a piece attached to the end of the brace, such as that illustrated by the figure 13 .
- the body 310 thus comprises a portion 313 corresponding to the lower half of a portion 300 (the brace ending therefore with a truncated portion in correspondence), a portion corresponding to a vertex 31, a first return 311 and a second return 312.
- This part is made of glass fibers, the fibers having an orientation at 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the beam. It is attached and glued to the end of the brace using an epoxy glue.
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Abstract
Description
Le domaine de l'invention est celui des matériaux de construction. Plus précisément, l'invention concerne les poutres à base de bois comprenant un bastaing intérieur et un bastaing extérieur entre lesquels s'étend un contreventement.The field of the invention is that of building materials. More specifically, the invention relates to wood-based beams comprising an inner bastaing and an outer bastaing between which extends a bracing.
Dans le domaine de l'invention, il est courant de proposer des charpentes métalliques comprenant des poutres droites ou courbes constituées de longerons métalliques supérieur et inférieur reliés entre eux par une pluralité de traverses métalliques formant contreventement.In the field of the invention, it is common to provide metal frames comprising straight or curved beams consisting of upper and lower metal spars interconnected by a plurality of bracing metal cross members.
Il a également été proposé des poutres mixtes bois/métal, selon lesquelles on met en oeuvre une face intérieure et une face extérieure en bois, reliées entre elles par un contreventement métallique constitué de tronçons rectilignes s'étendant chacun obliquement d'une face à l'autre de la poutre, les tronçons étant fixés sur les rebords latéraux des faces.It has also been proposed mixed wood / metal beams, according to which there is used an inner face and an outer face of wood, interconnected by a metal bracing consisting of straight sections each extending obliquely from one side to the other. other of the beam, the sections being fixed on the lateral edges of the faces.
De telles poutres, de par leur structure et leur conception, présentent une incapacité au formage en courbe.Such beams, by their structure and design, have an inability curve forming.
Pour pallier cet inconvénient, il a été proposé par la présente Demanderesse une poutre comprenant un bastaing intérieur et un bastaing extérieur à base de bois et présentant des surfaces internes se faisant face, un contreventement s'étendant entre lesdites surfaces intérieure et extérieure, caractérisée en ce que ledit contreventement comprend au moins un tronçon ondulant entre lesdites surfaces et présentant au moins un appui avec chacune desdites surfaces internes, ledit contreventement étant réalisé en un matériau à base de fibres de verre et/ou de carbone.To overcome this drawback, it has been proposed by the present Applicant a beam comprising an inner bastaing and an outer bastaing based on wood and having internal surfaces facing each other, a bracing extending between said inner and outer surfaces, characterized in that said bracing comprises at least one section undulating between said surfaces and having at least one support with each of said internal surfaces, said bracing being made of a material based on glass fibers and / or carbon.
Cette technique est décrite dans le document de brevet publié sous le numéro
Selon cette technique, on obtient des poutres dont la raideur est notablement améliorée par rapport aux poutres traditionnelles.According to this technique, we obtain beams whose stiffness is significantly improved compared to traditional beams.
En effet, les expérimentations montrent un gain en raideur de l'ordre de 30% avec des poutres selon l'invention par rapport aux poutres mixtes bois/métal à contreventement en tronçons rectilignes.Indeed, the experiments show a stiffness gain of the order of 30% with beams according to the invention compared to wood / metal composite beams braced rectilinear sections.
Toutefois, malgré les améliorations notables des caractéristiques de tenue en charge d'une telle poutre (de l'ordre de 1 t en flexion et de 2 t en compression), il est dans certains cas souhaitable de repousser encore les limites de résistance des poutres.However, despite the notable improvements in the load-bearing characteristics of such a beam (of the order of 1 t in bending and 2 t in compression), it is in certain cases desirable to push the resistance limits of the beams even further. .
En effet, certains architectes et/ou constructeurs, ainsi que l'apparition de nouvelles normes (normes sismiques, ou normes concernant l'isolation demandant des matériaux isolants de 250 mm d'épaisseur) imposent des cahiers des charges demandant de repousser les limites de tenue en charge des poutres.Indeed, some architects and / or builders, as well as the appearance of new standards (seismic standards, or standards concerning insulation requiring insulation materials of 250 mm thick) impose specifications demanding to push the limits of support of the beams.
Or, les poutres à contreventement actuelles ne permettent pas de répondre à ces cahiers des charges.However, the current bracing beams do not meet these specifications.
Parallèlement, on constate une demande croissante pour les toitures courbes.At the same time, there is increasing demand for curved roofs.
L'invention a notamment pour objectif de pallier cet inconvénient de l'art antérieur.The invention particularly aims to overcome this drawback of the prior art.
Plus précisément, l'invention a pour objectif de proposer une poutre à base de bois du type comprenant un bastaing intérieur et un bastaing extérieur reliés par un contreventement ondulant, qui présente une résistance à la charge plus élevée que les poutres du même type de l'art antérieur.More specifically, the object of the invention is to propose a wood-based beam of the type comprising an inner bastaing and an outer bastaing connected by an undulating bracing, which has a higher load resistance than the beams of the same type. prior art.
L'invention a également pour objectif de fournir une telle poutre qui soit optimisée du point de vue de son rapport poids/tenue en charge.The invention also aims to provide such a beam which is optimized from the point of view of its weight / load bearing ratio.
L'invention a aussi pour objectif de fournir une telle poutre qui présente une résistance au feu accrue.The invention also aims to provide such a beam which has increased fire resistance.
Ces objectifs, ainsi que d'autres qui apparaîtront par la suite, sont atteints à l'aide d'une poutre comprenant un bastaing intérieur et un bastaing extérieur à base de bois, ledit bastaing intérieur présentant une surface interne faisant face à une surface interne du bastaing extérieur, un contreventement ondulant entre lesdites faces internes de façon à présenter une succession d'appui contre lesdites faces internes.These and other objectives will be achieved by a beam comprising an inner bastaing and a wood-based outer bastaing, said inner bastaing having an inner surface facing an inner surface outside bastaing, a wavy bracing between said internal faces so as to have a succession of support against said internal faces.
Selon l'invention, ledit contreventement s'étend transversalement entre deux bordures présentant une forme longitudinale selon laquelle, pour chaque appui dudit contreventement contre ladite face interne dudit bastaing extérieur, lesdites bordures s'étendent à partir dudit appui sur ladite face interne dudit bastaing extérieur, et de part et d'autre de celui-ci, en présentant une courbure concave par rapport à ladite face interne dudit bastaing intérieur.According to the invention, said bracing extends transversely between two edges having a longitudinal shape according to which, for each support of said bracing against said inner face of said outer bastaing, said edges extend from said support on said inner face of said outer bastaing , and on both sides of it, having a concave curvature with respect to said inner face of said inner bastaing.
De cette façon, le contreventement d'une poutre selon l'invention présente des ondulations dont la forme longitudinale confère au contreventement un pouvoir d'amortissement. Ainsi, le comportement de la poutre est amené à intégrer une capacité à se déformer élastiquement. Cette caractéristique de la poutre ainsi constituée permet donc de repousser les limites de tenue en charge, et aussi d'amortir l'effet des contraintes, ceci de façon réversible, la poutre revenant à son état initial après disparition des contraintes.In this way, the bracing of a beam according to the invention has corrugations whose longitudinal shape gives the bracing a damping power. Thus, the behavior of the beam is brought to integrate a capacity to deform elastically. This characteristic of the beam thus formed makes it possible to push back the limits of withstanding load, and also to dampen the effect of the stresses, this reversibly, the beam returning to its initial state after disappearance of the stresses.
Un tel comportement est particulièrement avantageux dans une situation de secousses sismiques.Such behavior is particularly advantageous in a situation of seismic shaking.
Selon une solution avantageuse, ledit contreventement présente, sur au moins une partie de sa longueur, une section transversale profilée présentant au moins un relief entre lesdites bordures.According to an advantageous solution, said bracing has, over at least a portion of its length, a profiled cross section having at least one relief between said borders.
De cette façon, une poutre selon l'invention présente une résistance à la charge augmentée par rapport aux poutres du même type de l'art antérieur.In this way, a beam according to the invention has an increased load resistance compared to the beams of the same type of the prior art.
En effet, la section transversale profilée du contreventement confère à celui-ci une plus grande rigidité que celle obtenue avec un contreventement ondulant présentant une section plate sur toute sa longueur. La Demanderesse a mesuré que la résistance à la charge d'une poutre selon l'invention est portée à environ 4 t sur un entraxe de 2 m, tandis que tel que mentionné précédemment, une poutre du même type dont le contreventement présente une section plate résiste à des charges maximales de l'ordre de 1 t.Indeed, the profiled cross section of the brace gives it greater rigidity than that obtained with an undulating bracing having a flat section over its entire length. The Applicant has measured that the load resistance of a beam according to the invention is increased to about 4 t on a center distance of 2 m, whereas as mentioned above, a beam of the same type whose bracing has a flat section. withstands maximum loads of the order of 1 t.
De plus, dans une poutre constituée selon le principe de l'invention, cette augmentation de rigidité est combinée à une capacité d'amortissement et/ou de diffusion des contraintes de telle sorte que la poutre, même chargée jusqu'aux limites de sa résistance, revient à son état initial (hors charge).Moreover, in a beam constituted according to the principle of the invention, this increase in rigidity is combined with a damping capacity and / or stress diffusion so that the beam, even loaded to the limits of its resistance , returns to its original state (excluding load).
Selon une solution préférée, ledit contreventement présente une section transversale plate au niveau desdits appuis, ledit contreventement présentant, entre deux appuis, une portion présentant ladite section transversale profilée.According to a preferred solution, said bracing has a flat cross section at said supports, said bracing having, between two supports, a portion having said profiled cross section.
Ainsi, le contreventement présente, au niveau de chacun des appuis, une portion de contact présentant une surface optimisée pour favoriser une liaison fiable avec le bastaing correspondant.Thus, the bracing has, at each of the supports, a contact portion having an optimized surface to promote a reliable connection with the corresponding bastaing.
Préférentiellement, ladite section transversale profilée présente deux bordures opposées plates parallèles entre elles, et entre lesquelles s'étend un relief présentant un plateau s'étendant dans un plan sensiblement perpendiculaire auxdites bordures.Preferably, said profiled cross section has two opposite flat edges parallel to each other, and between which extends a relief having a plate extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to said borders.
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, ledit contreventement présente, pour au moins une extrémité de ladite poutre, un corps fermé dont une surface est en appui contre ladite surface interne dudit bastaing intérieur et une surface est en appui contre ladite surface interne dudit bastaing extérieur.According to another characteristic of the invention, said bracing has, for at least one end of said beam, a closed body whose surface bears against said inner surface of said inner bastaing and a surface bears against said inner surface of said bastaing outside.
Un tel corps fermé, de préférence à chaque extrémité du contreventement contribue efficacement à l'amélioration des performances d'une poutre selon l'invention.Such a closed body, preferably at each end of the brace effectively contributes to improving the performance of a beam according to the invention.
En effet, un tel corps fermé s'étendant de la surface interne d'un des bastaings à celle de l'autre bastaing, et en étant au contact avec chacune des surfaces internes des bastaings.Indeed, such a closed body extending from the inner surface of one of the bastaings to that of the other bastaing, and being in contact with each of the internal surfaces of the bastaings.
Dans ce cas, la poutre comprend avantageusement des moyens de calage longitudinaux dudit ou desdits corps fermés, lesdits moyens de calage comprenant préférentiellement deux entretoises s'étendant entre lesdites surfaces internes des bastaings intérieur et extérieur, et ménageant entre elles un espace médian destiné à former un logement pour un élément de fixation de ladite poutre à un bâtiment.In this case, the beam advantageously comprises longitudinal wedging means of said closed body or bodies, said wedging means preferably comprising two spacers extending between said inner surfaces of the inner and outer bastaings, and leaving between them a median space intended to form a housing for a fastener of said beam to a building.
On constitue ainsi un agencement de la poutre favorisant un ancrage efficace de celle-ci sur un mur du bâtiment qui la reçoit, ceci par une liaison à encastrement d'une patte (solidaire du mur) dans l'extrémité de la poutre. En outre, la mise en place et la fixation de la poutre ainsi réalisées permettent de :
- soulager les bastaings des efforts de cisaillement qui s'exercent avec les montages classiques : les bastaings sont reliés entre eux par les entretoises (préférentiellement par collage et vissage) et forment ainsi un point dur qui tend à faire travailler simultanément les deux bastaings ;
- soulager mécaniquement la poutre des efforts tendant à engendrer des déformations du type flambement : la reprise par boulonnage des deux entretoises avec la patte de fixation murale limite le déversement des bastaings et donc le flambement.
- relieving the bastaings shear forces that are exerted with conventional fixtures: the bastaings are interconnected by the spacers (preferably by gluing and screwing) and thus form a hard point that tends to make work simultaneously bastaings;
- mechanically relieve the beam of efforts tending to generate deformations of buckling type: the bolted return of the two spacers with the wall bracket limits the spill of bastaings and thus the buckling.
Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, ledit contreventement est réalisé en un matériau à base de fibres de verre et/ou de carbone et/ou de lin, ledit contreventement comprenant préférentiellement au moins une couche interne dans laquelle les fibres sont orientées selon l'axe longitudinal de ladite poutre, et au moins une couche extérieure de part et d'autre de ladite couche interne, dans laquelle les fibres sont croisées entre elles et orientées selon des angles d'environ + 45° et d'environ - 45° par rapport auxdites fibres de ladite ou desdites couches internes.According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, said bracing is made of a material based on glass fibers and / or carbon and / or linen, said bracing preferably comprising at least one inner layer in which the fibers are oriented according to the longitudinal axis of said beam, and at least one outer layer on either side of said inner layer, wherein the fibers are crossed with each other and oriented at angles of about + 45 ° and about -45 ° ° with respect to said fibers of said at least one inner layer.
Un contreventement ainsi constitué contribue à diffuser les efforts s'exerçant sur la poutre et, par conséquent, à augmenter la résistance de celle-ci.A brace thus constituted contributes to spreading the forces exerted on the beam and, consequently, to increase the resistance thereof.
Selon une solution avantageuse, ledit bastaing intérieur et/ou ledit bastaing extérieur comprennent au moins trois couches dont une couche intermédiaire entre les deux autres, ladite couche intermédiaire présentant une densité inférieure aux deux autres desdites couches.According to an advantageous solution, said inner bastaing and / or said outer bastaing comprise at least three layers including an intermediate layer between the two others, said intermediate layer having a lower density than the other two of said layers.
De cette façon, on obtient un allègement de la poutre (de l'ordre de plusieurs kilogrammes par mètre) tout en conservant ses performances.In this way, we obtain a lightening of the beam (of the order of several kilograms per meter) while maintaining its performance.
Dans ce cas, ladite couche intermédiaire est préférentiellement réalisée dans un bois de faible densité, les deux autres desdites couches étant réalisée en un bois de haute densité et/ou en feuilles de plaquage lamellées-collées.In this case, said intermediate layer is preferably made in a low-density wood, the other two of said layers being made of a high-density wood and / or glued-laminated veneer sheets.
Selon une caractéristique avantageuse, au moins ledit bastaing intérieur présente une section transversale de forme sensiblement trapézoïdale dans laquelle la surface externe opposée à ladite surface interne présente une longueur inférieure à celle de ladite surface interne.According to an advantageous characteristic, at least said inner bastaing has a cross section of substantially trapezoidal shape in which the external surface opposite to said inner surface has a length less than that of said inner surface.
De cette façon, le bastaing intérieur présente une résistance améliorée de sa première fibre, repoussant les limites à la rupture de celle-ci.In this way, the inner bastaing has improved strength of its first fiber, pushing the limits to breaking it.
De plus, la forme ainsi conférée au bastaing permet, en cas d'incendie, de diriger les flammes vers les extrémités latérales du bastaing, ce qui tend à différer la calcination de la première fibre exposée du bastaing et, par conséquent, lui procure une plus grande résistance au feu.In addition, the shape thus conferred to the bastaing allows, in case of fire, to direct the flames to the lateral ends of the bastaing, which tends to delay the calcination of the first exposed fiber bastaing and, therefore, gives him a greater fire resistance.
Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, ledit contreventement est solidarisé auxdites surfaces internes desdits bastaings intérieur et extérieur à l'aide d'une colle souple et de moyens de fixation par boulonnage et/ou rivetage.According to another advantageous characteristic of the invention, said bracing is secured to said inner surfaces of said inner and outer bastaings using a flexible glue and fixing means by bolting and / or riveting.
Une telle caractéristique s'inscrit dans l'approche générale de l'invention selon laquelle on cherche à augmenter la résistance de la poutre tout en introduisant dans celle-ci un degré de souplesse (plutôt qu'en augmentant sa rigidité) contribuant ainsi à améliorer la capacité à amortir et/ou à diffuser les contraintes qui s'exercent sur la poutre.Such a feature is part of the general approach of the invention that seeks to increase the strength of the beam while introducing into it a degree of flexibility (rather than increasing its rigidity) thus contributing to improve the ability to dampen and / or diffuse the stresses that are exerted on the beam.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante de deux modes de réalisation préférentiels de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples illustratifs et non limitatifs et des dessins annexés parmi lesquels :
- la
figure 1 est une vue d'une poutre courbe selon l'invention ; - la
figure 2 est une vue d'une poutre droite selon l'invention ; - la
figure 3 est une vue d'un contreventement de poutre selon l'invention ; - la
figure 4 est une vue d'une portion d'un contreventement de poutre selon l'invention ; - la
figure 5 est une vue d'un premier mode de réalisation d'une section transversale d'un contreventement d'une poutre selon l'invention, selon la coupe AA' indiquée sur lafigure 4 ; - la
figure 6 est une vue d'un deuxième mode de réalisation d'une section transversale d'un contreventement d'une poutre selon l'invention, selon la coupe AA' indiquée sur lafigure 4 ; - la
figure 7 est une vue d'une extrémité de poutre selon l'invention ; - les
figures 8 à 10 sont des vues schématiques des couches de fibres d'un contreventement de poutre selon l'invention ; - la
figure 11 est une vue schématique de la structure en couches des bastaings d'une poutre selon l'invention ; - la
figure 12 est une vue schématique en coupe transversale du bastaing intérieur d'une poutre selon l'invention ; - la
figure 13 est une vue de côté d'une pièce d'extrémité destinée à être rapportée sur un contreventement d'une poutre selon l'invention.
- the
figure 1 is a view of a curved beam according to the invention; - the
figure 2 is a view of a straight beam according to the invention; - the
figure 3 is a view of a beam bracing according to the invention; - the
figure 4 is a view of a portion of a beam bracing according to the invention; - the
figure 5 is a view of a first embodiment of a cross section of a bracing of a beam according to the invention, according to section AA 'indicated on thefigure 4 ; - the
figure 6 is a view of a second embodiment of a cross section of a bracing of a beam according to the invention, according to section AA 'indicated on thefigure 4 ; - the
figure 7 is a view of a beam end according to the invention; - the
Figures 8 to 10 are schematic views of the fiber layers of a beam bracing according to the invention; - the
figure 11 is a schematic view of the layered structure of the bastaings of a beam according to the invention; - the
figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the internal bastaing of a beam according to the invention; - the
figure 13 is a side view of an end piece intended to be attached to a bracing of a beam according to the invention.
Tel qu'indiqué précédemment, le principe de l'invention consiste à améliorer la résistance à la charge d'une poutre constituée de deux bastaings reliés par un contreventement ondulant, ceci en procurant une capacité d'amortissement au contreventement.As indicated above, the principle of the invention is to improve the load resistance of a beam consisting of two bastaings connected by an undulating bracing, this providing a damping capacity bracing.
La
un bastaing intérieur 1 ;un bastaing extérieur 2 ;un contreventement ondulant 3.
- an
inner bastaing 1; - an
outdoor bastaing 2; - undulating bracing 3.
Le bastaing intérieur 1 et le bastaing extérieur 2 présentent respectivement des surfaces internes 11, 21 se faisant face et entre lesquelles s'étend le contreventement ondulant 3 solidarisé aux bastaings intérieur et extérieur en une succession d'appuis contre lesdites surfaces internes.The
En référence à la
- deux couches externes 12, 14 réalisées en un bois dur de haute densité (de l'ordre de 700 à 800 kg/m3 ou en bois lamellé-collé (couramment désigné par le terme « LVL », réalisé à partir de plaquages de bois de faible épaisseur empilé à plat et collé avec une résine)) ;
- une couche intermédiaire 13, 23, comprise entre les couches externes 12, 22 et 14, 24, réalisée en un bois de faible densité (par exemple présentant une densité de l'ordre de 500 kg/m3).
- two outer layers 12, 14 made of a hardwood of high density (of the order of 700 to 800 kg / m 3 or glulam (commonly referred to as "LVL"), made from wood veneers thin layer stacked flat and glued with resin));
- an intermediate layer 13, 23, between the outer layers 12, 22 and 14, 24, made of a low density wood (for example having a density of the order of 500 kg / m 3 ).
On note que le recours, pour les couches externes 12, 22 ou 14, 24, à un matériau bois lamellé-collé permet de conserver une unité de fibres sur toute la longueur du bastaing correspondant.It is noted that the use, for the outer layers 12, 22 or 14, 24, a laminated wood material allows to maintain a unit of fibers over the entire length of the corresponding bastaing.
De plus, en référence à la
la surface interne 11 du bastaing ;la surface externe 10 du bastaing, parallèle et opposée à lasurface interne 11 ;- des rebords latéraux 110 s'étendant de façon inclinée à partir de la
surface interne 11, et reliés à lasurface externe 10 par l'intermédiaire d'une portionde liaison courbe 111. En d'autres termes, la section transversale du bastaing présente une forme sensiblement trapézoïdale qui s'évase à partir de la surface externe en direction de la surface interne.
- the
inner surface 11 of the bastaing; - the
outer surface 10 of the bastaing, parallel and opposite to theinner surface 11; -
lateral flanges 110 extending inclined from theinner surface 11, and connected to theouter surface 10 through a curved connectingportion 111. In other words, the cross-section of the bastaing has a substantially trapezoidal shape that tapers from the outer surface towards the inner surface.
On note que le bastaing extérieur peut également présenter une telle section, parallèle à celle du bastaing intérieur, c'est-à-dire avec une forme sensiblement trapézoïdale qui s'évase à partir de la surface interne en direction de la surface externe.It is noted that the outer bastaing may also have such a section, parallel to that of the inner bastaing, that is to say with a substantially trapezoidal shape that tapers from the inner surface towards the outer surface.
En référence aux
Tel qu'illustré par la
- une série de sommets inférieurs 31 destinés à venir en appui contre la
surface interne 11 du bastaing intérieur 1, et à être solidarisés contre celle-ci ; - une série de sommets supérieurs 32 destinés à venir en appui contre la
surface interne 21 du bastaing extérieur 2, et à être solidarisés à celle-ci.
- a series of
lower vertices 31 intended to bear against theinner surface 11 of theinner bastaing 1, and to be secured thereon; - a series of
upper peaks 32 intended to bear against theinner surface 21 of theouter bastaing 2, and to be secured thereto.
Comme cela apparaît clairement sur les
Selon une solution préférée, le contreventement 3 est lié mécaniquement aux bastaings intérieur et extérieur à l'aide d'une liaison boulonnée (ou rivetée), les surfaces offertes par les sommets 31 et 32 étant de plus collées à la surface interne correspondante à l'aide d'une colle à haute élasticité telle qu'une colle polyuréthane de dureté shore 40.According to a preferred solution, the bracing 3 is mechanically connected to the inner and outer bastaings by means of a bolted (or riveted) connection, the surfaces offered by the
Selon le principe de l'invention, le contreventement 3 s'étend transversalement entre deux bordures 30 (
Ceci est illustré par la
un sommet 32 ;deux portions 300 de bordures, s'étendant à partir du sommet 32 et de part et d'autre de celui-ci ;- une portion de la
surface interne 11 du bastaing intérieur.
- a
summit 32; - two
portions 300 of borders, extending from the top 32 and on both sides thereof; - a portion of the
inner surface 11 of the inner bastaing.
Tel que cela apparaît, les portions 300 présentent une forme bombée vers l'extérieur de l'espace E, dans le sens d'une concavité vue de l'intérieur de l'espace E.As it appears, the
De plus, l'espace E (ainsi que chacun des autres espaces E tels que définis précédemment) présentent un axe de symétrie S passant par le milieu du sommet 32.In addition, the space E (and each of the other spaces E as defined above) have an axis of symmetry S passing through the middle of the
A titre indicatif, les portions 300 présentent un rayon de courbure R de l'ordre de 230 cm.As an indication, the
Bien entendu, les espaces E' alternant avec les espaces E tels que définis précédemment (voir
Un contreventement constitué tel que cela vient d'être décrit permet d'augmenter notablement les performances d'une poutre selon l'invention intégrant un tel contreventement.Bracing constituted such as just described can significantly increase the performance of a beam according to the invention incorporating such bracing.
En effet, les portions 300 confèrent à la poutre des capacités d'amortissement, ceci en constituant une pluralité de zones élastiquement déformables dont le sens de flexion est prédéfini. Une poutre selon l'invention peut donc encaisser des contraintes importantes en flexion, voire en compression, du fait du pouvoir du contreventement à se déformer en absorbant par conséquent une partie des efforts et à retrouver son état initial une fois que les efforts cessent de s'exercer sur la poutre.Indeed, the
En d'autres termes, chaque portion 300 du contreventement agit comme une lame de ressort.In other words, each
A titre indicatif, un contreventement dont les portions 300 sont bombées avec un rayon de courbure de l'ordre de 230 cm se déforme élastiquement sous l'effet de charges de l'ordre de 2 t, et pouvant aller jusqu'à 4 t.As an indication, a brace whose
Cette capacité d'amortissement de la poutre par l'intermédiaire du contreventement est combinée à une augmentation de la rigidité, en particulier en torsion, du contreventement.This damping capacity of the beam through the bracing is combined with an increase in rigidity, in particular in torsion, of the bracing.
Pour cela, le contreventement présente, sur au moins une partie de sa longueur, une section transversale profilée présentant au moins un relief entre lesdites bordures.For this, the bracing has, over at least a portion of its length, a profiled cross section having at least one relief between said edges.
En référence à la
Selon le présent mode de réalisation, la forme de la section transversale est définie par :
- deux
bordures 30 plates et parallèles entre elles ; un prolongement 301 de chaque bordure 30, formant angle droit avec celles-ci ;un relief 302 présentant un plateau s'étendant dans un plan parallèle à celui des prolongements 320, et donc perpendiculaire à celui des bordures 30.
- two
borders 30 flat and parallel to each other; - an
extension 301 of eachborder 30, forming a right angle therewith; - a
relief 302 having a plate extending in a plane parallel to that of the extensions 320, and therefore perpendicular to that of theborders 30.
Les bordures 30 constituent selon le présent mode de réalisation des bords tombés qui contribuent à augmenter la rigidité du contreventement (ceci étant combiné rappelons-le au pouvoir d'amortissement du contreventement).The
On note que la section transversale du contreventement 3 pourra présenter d'autres formes selon d'autres modes de réalisation envisageables.Note that the cross section of the
A ce titre, le contreventement peut présenter une section de forme ondulée telle que celle illustrée par la
On note également que le contreventement présente une section profilée intégrant un relief seulement dans les portions 300 du contreventement s'étendant entre les sommets 31, 32. En d'autres termes, les parties du contreventement correspondant aux sommets 31 et 32 sont quant à elles formées de façon à présenter une section plate.It is also noted that the bracing has a profiled section incorporating a relief only in the
Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le contreventement 3 présente à au moins une de ses extrémités (et préférentiellement à chacune de ses extrémités) un corps fermé 310 dont le pourtour est constitué par :
une portion 300 telle que décrite précédemment ;un sommet 31 ;- un premier retour 311 s'étendant perpendiculairement aux surfaces internes des bastaings intérieurs et extérieurs ;
- un deuxième retour 312, perpendiculaire au
premier retour 311, et rejoignant le sommet 32 relié au sommet 31 parla portion 300.
- a
portion 300 as described above; - a
summit 31; - a
first return 311 extending perpendicular to the inner surfaces of the inner and outer bastaings; - a
second return 312, perpendicular to thefirst return 311, and joining thevertex 32 connected to thevertex 31 by theportion 300.
Ainsi, le corps fermé 310 est en appui contre la surface interne 11 du bastaing intérieur 1 par l'intermédiaire du sommet 31, et en contact avec la surface interne 21 du bastaing extérieur 2 par l'intermédiaire du deuxième retour 312.Thus, the
En référence à la
Selon le présent mode de réalisation, les moyens de calage 4 comprennent deux entretoises s'étendant entre les surfaces internes des bastaings intérieurs et extérieurs. Ces entretoises sont écartées l'une de l'autre de façon à ménager un espace médian destiné à former un logement pour un élément de fixation 5 (représenté en traits pointillés) assurant la solidarisation de la poutre à un bâtiment (généralement un mur). La solidarisation de la poutre à l'élément de fixation est réalisée par un boulonnage au travers d'orifices ménagés dans l'élément de fixation 5 positionné en correspondance avec des orifices ménagés dans les entretoises 4.According to the present embodiment, the wedging means 4 comprise two spacers extending between the inner surfaces of the inner and outer battens. These spacers are spaced from each other so as to provide a median space for forming a housing for a fastener 5 (shown in dashed lines) ensuring the attachment of the beam to a building (usually a wall). The fastening of the beam to the element of fixing is carried out by bolting through orifices formed in the
Les entretoises 4 sont des pièces réalisées en lamellé-collé. Elles sont écartées d'une distance de 5 à 10 mm environ.The
Le premier retour 311 du corps fermé 310 est collé aux entretoises à l'aide d'une colle souple, tandis que les entretoises 4 sont collées au bastaing intérieur et au bastaing extérieur à l'aide d'une colle rigide.The
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, le corps fermé est une pièce rapportée à l'extrémité du contreventement, telle que celle illustrée par la
Selon encore une autre caractéristique, le contreventement est réalisé en un matériau à base de fibres de verre et/ou de carbone et/ou de lin. En référence à la
- une ou plusieurs couches internes 33 (préférentiellement six couches) comprises entre des couches extérieures 34, les fibres des couches internes étant orientées longitudinalement, c'est-à-dire sensiblement parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de la poutre (tel qu'illustré par la
figure 9 ) ; - deux couches externes 34 dans lesquelles (tel qu'illustré par la
figure 10 ) les fibres sont croisées et orientées à environ + 45° et environ - 45 ° par rapport aux fibres des couches internes.
- one or more internal layers 33 (preferably six layers) between
outer layers 34, the fibers of the inner layers being oriented longitudinally, that is to say substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam (as illustrated by FIG. thefigure 9 ); - two
outer layers 34 in which (as illustrated by thefigure 10 ) the fibers are crossed and oriented at approximately + 45 ° and approximately - 45 ° with respect to the fibers of the inner layers.
Claims (13)
caractérisée en ce que ledit contreventement (3) s'étend transversalement entre deux bordures (30) présentant une forme longitudinale selon laquelle, pour chaque appui dudit contreventement (3) contre ladite surface interne (21) dudit bastaing extérieur (2), lesdites bordures (30) s'étendent à partir dudit appui sur ladite surface interne (21) dudit bastaing extérieur (2), et de part et d'autre de celui-ci, en présentant une courbure concave par rapport à ladite surface interne (11) dudit bastaing intérieur (1).A beam comprising an inner bastaing (1) and an outer bastaing (2) based on wood, said inner bastaing (1) having an inner surface (11) facing an inner surface (21) of said outer bastaing (2), a undulating bracing (3) extending between said inner surfaces (11), (21) so as to have a succession of supports against said inner surfaces (11), (21),
characterized in that said bracing (3) extends transversely between two edges (30) having a longitudinal shape according to which, for each support of said bracing (3) against said inner surface (21) of said outer bastaing (2), said borders (30) extend from said support on said inner surface (21) of said outer bastaing (2), and on either side thereof, having a concave curvature with respect to said inner surface (11) said inner bastaing (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0707655A FR2922920A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2007-10-31 | WOOD-BASED BEAM COMPRISING AN ONDULATING SHELL FORMING A SHOCK ABSORBER |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2055852A1 true EP2055852A1 (en) | 2009-05-06 |
Family
ID=39512649
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08168015A Withdrawn EP2055852A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 | 2008-10-31 | Beam with wooden base comprising an undulating bracing forming a shock absorber |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2055852A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2922920A1 (en) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH245601A (en) * | 1945-03-15 | 1946-11-30 | Zuern Erwin | Iron element that can be used as a support or reinforcement for concrete beams. |
GB1286122A (en) * | 1969-09-03 | 1972-08-23 | Stimber Lite Sales Private Ltd | Truss construction |
WO1998010157A1 (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1998-03-12 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Engineered structural wood product and method for its manufacture |
WO1998059128A1 (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 1998-12-30 | Eco-Beam Technologies (Proprietary) Limited | Load bearing components and a method of building |
EP1582324A1 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-05 | Christopher P. Mroz | Rigid ribbon having overall sinusoidal-like waveform shape |
FR2870867A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-02 | Woold Sas Soc Par Actions Simp | Structural steel work beam, has bracing extending between inner and outer sides, and having undulant section between sides and supported with inner surfaces of sides, where bracing is made of glass or carbon fibers |
-
2007
- 2007-10-31 FR FR0707655A patent/FR2922920A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-10-31 EP EP08168015A patent/EP2055852A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH245601A (en) * | 1945-03-15 | 1946-11-30 | Zuern Erwin | Iron element that can be used as a support or reinforcement for concrete beams. |
GB1286122A (en) * | 1969-09-03 | 1972-08-23 | Stimber Lite Sales Private Ltd | Truss construction |
WO1998010157A1 (en) * | 1996-09-03 | 1998-03-12 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Engineered structural wood product and method for its manufacture |
WO1998059128A1 (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 1998-12-30 | Eco-Beam Technologies (Proprietary) Limited | Load bearing components and a method of building |
EP1582324A1 (en) * | 2004-04-01 | 2005-10-05 | Christopher P. Mroz | Rigid ribbon having overall sinusoidal-like waveform shape |
FR2870867A1 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-02 | Woold Sas Soc Par Actions Simp | Structural steel work beam, has bracing extending between inner and outer sides, and having undulant section between sides and supported with inner surfaces of sides, where bracing is made of glass or carbon fibers |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2922920A1 (en) | 2009-05-01 |
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