EP2051561A1 - Dispositif doté d'au moins une résistance à coefficient de température positif - Google Patents

Dispositif doté d'au moins une résistance à coefficient de température positif Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2051561A1
EP2051561A1 EP08017977A EP08017977A EP2051561A1 EP 2051561 A1 EP2051561 A1 EP 2051561A1 EP 08017977 A EP08017977 A EP 08017977A EP 08017977 A EP08017977 A EP 08017977A EP 2051561 A1 EP2051561 A1 EP 2051561A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ptc thermistor
ptc
thermistor
elements
thermistors
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08017977A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2051561B1 (fr
Inventor
Franz Feuerstein
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Liebherr Aerospace Lindenberg GmbH
Original Assignee
Liebherr Aerospace Lindenberg GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Liebherr Aerospace Lindenberg GmbH filed Critical Liebherr Aerospace Lindenberg GmbH
Publication of EP2051561A1 publication Critical patent/EP2051561A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2051561B1 publication Critical patent/EP2051561B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0435—Structures comprising heat spreading elements in the form of fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0441—Interfaces between the electrodes of a resistive heating element and the power supply means
    • F24H3/0447—Forms of the electrode terminals, e.g. tongues or clips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0452—Frame constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device with at least one PTC thermistor.
  • a PTC thermistor is understood to mean an electrically conducting material or a component having such a material, the material being designed in such a way that its electrical resistance increases with increasing temperature. Such materials thus have a positive temperature coefficient.
  • PTC thermistors are operated with alternating current, it can happen that they distort the current. Such current distortions, which may be harmonics of the fundamental, are undesirable or only partially permissible for many applications. Especially in mobile applications, such as in aviation, it is of particular importance to provide a qualitatively good on-board voltage.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to reduce the current distortion caused by the PTC resistor to an acceptable level or completely to prevent, so that a largely or completely unused current or voltage curve results.
  • the PTC thermistor is dimensioned such that the voltage drop across the PTC thermistor does not exceed the value of 40 V / mm.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the finding that a PTC thermistor produces less harmonic oscillations, the lower the applied voltage. According to the invention, it is therefore intended to limit the applied voltage per dimension (thickness or length) of the PTC thermistor, that is, in the direction of the voltage path to a limit value. According to the invention, it has been found that this limit value is 40 V / mm.
  • the PTC thermistor is dimensioned such that the voltage drop across the PTC thermistor per unit length or thickness of the PTC thermistor is not more than 35 V / mm and more preferably not more than 30 V / mm. In this way it is possible to considerably reduce the proportion of the harmonics, in particular of the third harmonic, to the fundamental.
  • PTC thermistor is understood to mean a uniform component or else the composition of a plurality of PTC thermistor elements. It is thus conceivable, for example, to use a comparatively thick PTC thermistor or to connect several PTC thermistor elements in series, which ultimately results in that the voltage drop per unit thickness or length of the PTC thermistor can be reduced to the desired value.
  • an embodiment of the invention is that the PTC thermistor is composed of a plurality of PTC elements connected in series.
  • the PTC thermistor is composed of several, parallel PTC thermistor elements. Such an arrangement may be required, for example, when the PTC thermistor serves as a heating element and a certain, heat-emitting minimum area is to be made available.
  • the device is a heating device.
  • the PTC thermistor is thus designed in a preferred embodiment as a heating element or part of a heating device.
  • PTC thermistors change the electrical resistance as a function of temperature, so that a too high temperature value can be prevented due to the then increased resistance value.
  • the PTC thermistor exhibits a non-linear resistance characteristic, i. that its resistance increases disproportionately with the temperature.
  • the heater may include a plurality of PTC thermistors adjacent to one or more heat transfer areas.
  • the PTC thermistor can be designed in the form of one or more plates.
  • the heat transfer areas preferably have air passages which are arranged, for example, such that the flow direction through the air passages runs parallel to the plane of the plate-shaped PTC thermistors. It is conceivable that the air passages are formed by a lamellar or rib-like structure, which preferably extends in each case on both sides of a PTC thermistor.
  • the heat transfer surfaces are directly or indirectly connected to the one or more PTC thermistors.
  • the invention further relates to a heater with one or more devices according to one of claims 1 to 11 and to a vehicle or aircraft with one or more devices according to one of claims 1 to 11 and / or with one or more heaters according to claim 12.
  • the present invention is of particular interest for use in aircraft, since in this case current distortions of the AC electrical system are particularly undesirable, which can be completely or largely prevented by the present invention.
  • the present invention is not so limited but includes all other uses, i. stationary applications.
  • FIG. 1 shows in the left-hand illustration the current distortion caused by PTC elements in the AC circuit, which is determined by the present invention FIG. 1 , right-hand representation is reduced to an acceptable level.
  • FIG. 2 shows by reference numeral 10, a heating device according to the present invention in different embodiments. Like this FIG. 2 As can be seen, the arrangement consists of a housing 12 and an insert 20 located therein.
  • the insert 20 consists of PTC thermistors 30, which are each arranged between two heat transfer areas 40.
  • the heat transfer areas 40 have a plurality of adjacent and stacked passages for the passage of air. Like this FIG. 2 2, two of the heat transfer areas 40 each adjoin a PTC thermistor 30.
  • Reference numerals GND and 150VAC denote the connections or the voltage supply of the heating device 10.
  • the PTC resistors in the embodiment shown here each consist of six PTC thermistor elements 32, two of which are each connected in series.
  • a PTC thermistor element 32 consists of two parallel, mutually superposed rows, each with three PTC bricks or PTC thermistor elements 32.
  • a PTC thermistor 30 according to this exemplary embodiment consists of six PTC thermistor elements 32
  • the PTC elements 32 may, for example, have a thickness of about 2 mm and a width of about 6 mm. Of course, this is only a non limiting the invention feature.
  • the PTC elements 32 may be designed as ceramic components with non-linear resistance profile.
  • FIG. 3 shows a heater 50 with an inlet opening 52 and an outlet opening 54 for the heated or heated air.
  • Transverse to the flow direction of the air are two heaters 10 according to FIG. 3 , right hand representation arranged.
  • the heaters 10 are connected in series in the flow direction of the air.
  • each of the heating devices 10 consists of a plurality of heat transfer regions 40 and, in each case, thermistors 30 arranged therebetween.
  • the reference numeral 14 denotes the electrical terminals of the heating element 10 and the reference numeral 16 a housing of the heating element 10, which was prepared by the method of "injection molding". The same applies to the housing of the heater 50.
  • the reference numeral 18 finally indicates a spring element for fixing the heating element 10.
  • the heater 50 according to FIG. 3 can be used, for example, to maintain pleasant environmental conditions in the passenger cabin of an aircraft or in other areas, such as the galley or recreation rooms for staff, storage rooms, etc. of an aircraft.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP20080017977 2007-10-16 2008-10-14 Dispositif doté d'au moins une résistance à coefficient de température positif Active EP2051561B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007049555A DE102007049555A1 (de) 2007-10-16 2007-10-16 Einrichtung mit wenigstens einem Kaltleiter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2051561A1 true EP2051561A1 (fr) 2009-04-22
EP2051561B1 EP2051561B1 (fr) 2015-04-29

Family

ID=40291207

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20080017977 Active EP2051561B1 (fr) 2007-10-16 2008-10-14 Dispositif doté d'au moins une résistance à coefficient de température positif

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US8212647B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2051561B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009099992A (fr)
CN (1) CN101413718A (fr)
CA (1) CA2640987C (fr)
DE (1) DE102007049555A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2488983C2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012011198A1 (fr) * 2010-07-21 2012-01-26 Taguchi Koshiro Appareil de chauffage monté sur un véhicule, à production d'eau chaude, hautement efficace doté d'une voie de passage de liquide intérieure
CN102200345A (zh) * 2011-04-19 2011-09-28 沈阳工程学院 一种蛇形电热板式气体电加热装置
US8698051B2 (en) * 2011-07-14 2014-04-15 Amphenol Thermometrics, Inc. Heating system, heater, and methods of heating a component
KR101488512B1 (ko) * 2012-04-06 2015-01-30 주식회사 화진 가열요소를 갖는 스티어링휠 및 이를 이용한 페일-세이프티 장치
DE102012109801B4 (de) * 2012-10-15 2015-02-05 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh Elektrische Heizvorrichtung
DE102016107908A1 (de) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 Jenoptik Advanced Systems Gmbh Heizvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen derselben
DE102017206964A1 (de) * 2017-04-25 2018-10-25 Mahle International Gmbh Elektrische Heizeinrichtung
DE102018204059A1 (de) * 2018-03-16 2019-09-19 Mahle International Gmbh Anordnung zum Beheizen eines Fahrzeuginnenraums

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3927300A (en) * 1973-03-09 1975-12-16 Ngk Insulators Ltd Electric fluid heater and resistance heating element therefor
US4703153A (en) * 1985-06-24 1987-10-27 Pelko Electric Inc. Electric heater employing semiconductor heating elements
DE3820918A1 (de) * 1988-06-21 1989-12-28 Siemens Ag Heizvorrichtung mit wenigstens zwei einzelnen ptc-heizelementen und selbstregelnder temperaturstabilisierung
EP0616486A1 (fr) * 1993-03-17 1994-09-21 Texas Instruments Incorporated Appareil de chauffage et procédé pour chauffer un courant de fluide
US5592647A (en) * 1991-08-26 1997-01-07 Nippon Tungsten Co., Ltd. PTC panel heater with small rush current characteristic and highly heat insulating region corresponding to heater location to prevent local overheating
DE19933013A1 (de) * 1999-07-14 2001-02-01 Valeo Klimasysteme Gmbh PTC-Heizelement mit Heizzonen

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DE1626231U (de) 1951-05-28 1951-07-26 Kurt Neuwaelder Kammreiniger.
DE6604880U (de) * 1965-10-21 1970-03-12 Siemens Ag Elektrischer widerstand, sogenannier keramischer kaltleiter, als regelglied fuer elektrische schaltungen.
US4141327A (en) * 1976-09-09 1979-02-27 Texas Instruments Incorporated Early fuel evaporation carburetion system
DE2743880C3 (de) * 1977-09-29 1981-05-14 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Heizeinrichtung mit einem optimierten Heizelement aus Kaltleiter-Material
JPS58167761U (ja) * 1982-05-04 1983-11-09 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 内燃機関の吸気加熱装置
DE8717467U1 (de) * 1987-09-09 1989-04-27 Eltra GmbH & Co KG Leicht & Trambauer, 6102 Pfungstadt Elektrischer Heizkörper mit positivem Temperatur-Koeffizienten
JPH09246014A (ja) * 1996-03-13 1997-09-19 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 正特性サーミスタ
JPH10241906A (ja) * 1997-02-27 1998-09-11 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 正特性サーミスタ発熱体
JP2001023802A (ja) * 1999-07-09 2001-01-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 正特性サーミスタ発熱体
RU2197411C2 (ru) * 2000-08-09 2003-01-27 Галкин Вячеслав Евгеньевич Устройство системы обогрева кабин и салонов летательного аппарата
HK1042823A2 (en) * 2001-11-15 2002-08-16 Halo Company Ltd An electric appliance with a ptc heating member and a method of operating same
DE10355396A1 (de) * 2003-11-25 2005-06-30 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Kraftfahrzeug-Klimaanlage mit Standheizung
EP1626231B1 (fr) * 2004-08-13 2014-04-16 Behr France S.A.R.L. Dispositif de chauffage avec éléments de chauffage électriques, en particulier pour un véhicule
RU56757U1 (ru) * 2006-05-02 2006-09-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники им. Б.Е. Веденеева" Электронагревательный элемент

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3927300A (en) * 1973-03-09 1975-12-16 Ngk Insulators Ltd Electric fluid heater and resistance heating element therefor
US4703153A (en) * 1985-06-24 1987-10-27 Pelko Electric Inc. Electric heater employing semiconductor heating elements
DE3820918A1 (de) * 1988-06-21 1989-12-28 Siemens Ag Heizvorrichtung mit wenigstens zwei einzelnen ptc-heizelementen und selbstregelnder temperaturstabilisierung
US5592647A (en) * 1991-08-26 1997-01-07 Nippon Tungsten Co., Ltd. PTC panel heater with small rush current characteristic and highly heat insulating region corresponding to heater location to prevent local overheating
EP0616486A1 (fr) * 1993-03-17 1994-09-21 Texas Instruments Incorporated Appareil de chauffage et procédé pour chauffer un courant de fluide
DE19933013A1 (de) * 1999-07-14 2001-02-01 Valeo Klimasysteme Gmbh PTC-Heizelement mit Heizzonen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102007049555A1 (de) 2009-04-23
CN101413718A (zh) 2009-04-22
US20090121824A1 (en) 2009-05-14
RU2008140989A (ru) 2010-04-20
EP2051561B1 (fr) 2015-04-29
CA2640987C (fr) 2015-12-01
JP2009099992A (ja) 2009-05-07
RU2488983C2 (ru) 2013-07-27
CA2640987A1 (fr) 2009-04-16
US8212647B2 (en) 2012-07-03

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