EP2051561A1 - Device with at least one cold conductor - Google Patents

Device with at least one cold conductor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2051561A1
EP2051561A1 EP08017977A EP08017977A EP2051561A1 EP 2051561 A1 EP2051561 A1 EP 2051561A1 EP 08017977 A EP08017977 A EP 08017977A EP 08017977 A EP08017977 A EP 08017977A EP 2051561 A1 EP2051561 A1 EP 2051561A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ptc thermistor
ptc
thermistor
elements
thermistors
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Granted
Application number
EP08017977A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2051561B1 (en
Inventor
Franz Feuerstein
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Liebherr Aerospace Lindenberg GmbH
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Liebherr Aerospace Lindenberg GmbH
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Publication of EP2051561A1 publication Critical patent/EP2051561A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0435—Structures comprising heat spreading elements in the form of fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0441—Interfaces between the electrodes of a resistive heating element and the power supply means
    • F24H3/0447—Forms of the electrode terminals, e.g. tongues or clips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0452—Frame constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/141—Conductive ceramics, e.g. metal oxides, metal carbides, barium titanate, ferrites, zirconia, vitrous compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device with at least one PTC thermistor.
  • a PTC thermistor is understood to mean an electrically conducting material or a component having such a material, the material being designed in such a way that its electrical resistance increases with increasing temperature. Such materials thus have a positive temperature coefficient.
  • PTC thermistors are operated with alternating current, it can happen that they distort the current. Such current distortions, which may be harmonics of the fundamental, are undesirable or only partially permissible for many applications. Especially in mobile applications, such as in aviation, it is of particular importance to provide a qualitatively good on-board voltage.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to reduce the current distortion caused by the PTC resistor to an acceptable level or completely to prevent, so that a largely or completely unused current or voltage curve results.
  • the PTC thermistor is dimensioned such that the voltage drop across the PTC thermistor does not exceed the value of 40 V / mm.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the finding that a PTC thermistor produces less harmonic oscillations, the lower the applied voltage. According to the invention, it is therefore intended to limit the applied voltage per dimension (thickness or length) of the PTC thermistor, that is, in the direction of the voltage path to a limit value. According to the invention, it has been found that this limit value is 40 V / mm.
  • the PTC thermistor is dimensioned such that the voltage drop across the PTC thermistor per unit length or thickness of the PTC thermistor is not more than 35 V / mm and more preferably not more than 30 V / mm. In this way it is possible to considerably reduce the proportion of the harmonics, in particular of the third harmonic, to the fundamental.
  • PTC thermistor is understood to mean a uniform component or else the composition of a plurality of PTC thermistor elements. It is thus conceivable, for example, to use a comparatively thick PTC thermistor or to connect several PTC thermistor elements in series, which ultimately results in that the voltage drop per unit thickness or length of the PTC thermistor can be reduced to the desired value.
  • an embodiment of the invention is that the PTC thermistor is composed of a plurality of PTC elements connected in series.
  • the PTC thermistor is composed of several, parallel PTC thermistor elements. Such an arrangement may be required, for example, when the PTC thermistor serves as a heating element and a certain, heat-emitting minimum area is to be made available.
  • the device is a heating device.
  • the PTC thermistor is thus designed in a preferred embodiment as a heating element or part of a heating device.
  • PTC thermistors change the electrical resistance as a function of temperature, so that a too high temperature value can be prevented due to the then increased resistance value.
  • the PTC thermistor exhibits a non-linear resistance characteristic, i. that its resistance increases disproportionately with the temperature.
  • the heater may include a plurality of PTC thermistors adjacent to one or more heat transfer areas.
  • the PTC thermistor can be designed in the form of one or more plates.
  • the heat transfer areas preferably have air passages which are arranged, for example, such that the flow direction through the air passages runs parallel to the plane of the plate-shaped PTC thermistors. It is conceivable that the air passages are formed by a lamellar or rib-like structure, which preferably extends in each case on both sides of a PTC thermistor.
  • the heat transfer surfaces are directly or indirectly connected to the one or more PTC thermistors.
  • the invention further relates to a heater with one or more devices according to one of claims 1 to 11 and to a vehicle or aircraft with one or more devices according to one of claims 1 to 11 and / or with one or more heaters according to claim 12.
  • the present invention is of particular interest for use in aircraft, since in this case current distortions of the AC electrical system are particularly undesirable, which can be completely or largely prevented by the present invention.
  • the present invention is not so limited but includes all other uses, i. stationary applications.
  • FIG. 1 shows in the left-hand illustration the current distortion caused by PTC elements in the AC circuit, which is determined by the present invention FIG. 1 , right-hand representation is reduced to an acceptable level.
  • FIG. 2 shows by reference numeral 10, a heating device according to the present invention in different embodiments. Like this FIG. 2 As can be seen, the arrangement consists of a housing 12 and an insert 20 located therein.
  • the insert 20 consists of PTC thermistors 30, which are each arranged between two heat transfer areas 40.
  • the heat transfer areas 40 have a plurality of adjacent and stacked passages for the passage of air. Like this FIG. 2 2, two of the heat transfer areas 40 each adjoin a PTC thermistor 30.
  • Reference numerals GND and 150VAC denote the connections or the voltage supply of the heating device 10.
  • the PTC resistors in the embodiment shown here each consist of six PTC thermistor elements 32, two of which are each connected in series.
  • a PTC thermistor element 32 consists of two parallel, mutually superposed rows, each with three PTC bricks or PTC thermistor elements 32.
  • a PTC thermistor 30 according to this exemplary embodiment consists of six PTC thermistor elements 32
  • the PTC elements 32 may, for example, have a thickness of about 2 mm and a width of about 6 mm. Of course, this is only a non limiting the invention feature.
  • the PTC elements 32 may be designed as ceramic components with non-linear resistance profile.
  • FIG. 3 shows a heater 50 with an inlet opening 52 and an outlet opening 54 for the heated or heated air.
  • Transverse to the flow direction of the air are two heaters 10 according to FIG. 3 , right hand representation arranged.
  • the heaters 10 are connected in series in the flow direction of the air.
  • each of the heating devices 10 consists of a plurality of heat transfer regions 40 and, in each case, thermistors 30 arranged therebetween.
  • the reference numeral 14 denotes the electrical terminals of the heating element 10 and the reference numeral 16 a housing of the heating element 10, which was prepared by the method of "injection molding". The same applies to the housing of the heater 50.
  • the reference numeral 18 finally indicates a spring element for fixing the heating element 10.
  • the heater 50 according to FIG. 3 can be used, for example, to maintain pleasant environmental conditions in the passenger cabin of an aircraft or in other areas, such as the galley or recreation rooms for staff, storage rooms, etc. of an aircraft.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

The device (10) has a ceramic positive temperature coefficient thermistor (30) dimensioned in such a manner that voltage drop does not exceed more than 40 voltage/millimeter over the thermistor, which is developed from multiple positive temperature coefficient thermistor elements (32) formed in rows and parallel. The thermistor elements exhibit a thickness of approximately 2 millimeter and breadth of approximately 6 millimeter. The thermistor elements are implemented as ceramic components with non-linear resistance characteristics.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Einrichtung mit wenigstens einem Kaltleiter.The present invention relates to a device with at least one PTC thermistor.

Unter einem Kaltleiter (PTC) wird ein stromleitendes Material bzw. eine ein solches Material aufweisende Komponente verstanden, wobei das Material derart ausgeführt ist, dass sich dessen elektrischer Widerstand mit steigender Temperatur vergrößert. Derartige Materialien besitzen somit einen positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten.A PTC thermistor is understood to mean an electrically conducting material or a component having such a material, the material being designed in such a way that its electrical resistance increases with increasing temperature. Such materials thus have a positive temperature coefficient.

Werden Kaltleiter mit Wechselstrom betrieben, kann es dazu kommen, dass diese den Strom verzerren. Solche Stromverzerrungen, die sich als Harmonische der Grundwelle darstellen können, sind für viele Anwendungen nicht erwünscht oder nur im begrenzten Maße zulässig. Insbesondere bei mobilen Anwendungen, wie in der Luftfahrt ist es von besonderer Bedeutung, eine qualitativ gute Bordspannung bereitzustellen.If PTC thermistors are operated with alternating current, it can happen that they distort the current. Such current distortions, which may be harmonics of the fundamental, are undesirable or only partially permissible for many applications. Especially in mobile applications, such as in aviation, it is of particular importance to provide a qualitatively good on-board voltage.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht daher darin, die durch den Kaltleiter hervorgerufene Stromverzerrung auf ein akzeptables Maß hin zu reduzieren oder ganz zu verhindern, so dass sich ein weitgehend oder vollständig unverzehrter Strom- bzw. Spannungsverlauf ergibt.The object of the present invention is therefore to reduce the current distortion caused by the PTC resistor to an acceptable level or completely to prevent, so that a largely or completely unused current or voltage curve results.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Einrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a device having the features of claim 1.

Danach ist vorgesehen, dass der Kaltleiter derart dimensioniert ist, dass der Spannungsabfall über den Kaltleiter den Wert von 40 V/mm nicht übersteigt.Thereafter, it is provided that the PTC thermistor is dimensioned such that the voltage drop across the PTC thermistor does not exceed the value of 40 V / mm.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt somit die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass ein Kaltleiter je weniger harmonische Schwingungen produziert, je geringer die angelegte Spannung ist. Erfindungsgemäß ist es daher vorgesehen, die angelegte Spannung pro Dimension (Dicke bzw. Länge) des Kaltleiters, das heißt in Richtung des Spannungspfades auf einen Grenzwert zu beschränken. Erfindungsgemäß wurde gefunden, dass dieser Grenzwert bei 40 V/mm liegt. Vorzugsweise ist der Kaltleiter derart dimensioniert, dass der Spannungsabfall über den Kaltleiter pro Längen- bzw. Dickeneinheit des Kaltleiters bei nicht mehr als 35 V/mm und besonders bevorzugt bei nicht mehr als 30 V/mm liegt. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, den Anteil der Harmonischen, insbesondere der 3. Harmonischen an der Grundschwingung erheblich zu reduzieren.The present invention is therefore based on the finding that a PTC thermistor produces less harmonic oscillations, the lower the applied voltage. According to the invention, it is therefore intended to limit the applied voltage per dimension (thickness or length) of the PTC thermistor, that is, in the direction of the voltage path to a limit value. According to the invention, it has been found that this limit value is 40 V / mm. Preferably, the PTC thermistor is dimensioned such that the voltage drop across the PTC thermistor per unit length or thickness of the PTC thermistor is not more than 35 V / mm and more preferably not more than 30 V / mm. In this way it is possible to considerably reduce the proportion of the harmonics, in particular of the third harmonic, to the fundamental.

Unter dem Begriff "Kaltleiter" ist im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung ein einheitliches Bauteil oder auch die Zusammensetzung mehrerer Kaltleiterelemente zu verstehen. Denkbar ist es beispielsweise somit, einen vergleichsweise dicken Kaltleiter zu verwenden bzw. mehrere Kaltleiterelemente in Reihe zu schalten, was letztlich dazu führt, dass der Spannungsabfall pro Dicken- bzw. Längeneinheit des Kaltleiters auf den gewünschten Wert reduziert werden kann.In the context of the present invention, the term "PTC thermistor" is understood to mean a uniform component or else the composition of a plurality of PTC thermistor elements. It is thus conceivable, for example, to use a comparatively thick PTC thermistor or to connect several PTC thermistor elements in series, which ultimately results in that the voltage drop per unit thickness or length of the PTC thermistor can be reduced to the desired value.

Sofern dies in dem konkreten Anwendungsfall möglich ist, besteht erfindungsgemäß ebenfalls die Möglichkeit, den angegebenen Grenzwert dadurch zu erreichen, dass bei vorgegebener Dicke des Kaltleiters die angelegte Spannung reduziert wird.If this is possible in the specific application, it is also possible, according to the invention, to achieve the specified limit value by reducing the applied voltage for a given thickness of the PTC thermistor.

Wie ausgeführt, besteht eine Ausgestaltung der Erfindung darin, dass der Kaltleiter aus mehreren, in Reihe geschalteten Kaltleiterelementen aufgebaut ist.As stated, an embodiment of the invention is that the PTC thermistor is composed of a plurality of PTC elements connected in series.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Kaltleiter aus mehreren, parallel geschalteten Kaltleiterelementen aufgebaut ist. Eine solche Anordnung kann beispielsweise dann erforderlich sein, wenn der Kaltleiter als Heizelement dient und eine bestimmte, Wärme abgebende Mindestfläche zur Verfügung gestellt werden soll.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the PTC thermistor is composed of several, parallel PTC thermistor elements. Such an arrangement may be required, for example, when the PTC thermistor serves as a heating element and a certain, heat-emitting minimum area is to be made available.

Grundsätzlich ist es auch möglich, diese beiden Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung zu kombinieren, das heißt einen Kaltleiter bereitzustellen, der sowohl aus in Reihe geschalteten als auch aus parallel geschalteten Kaltleiterelementen aufgebaut ist.In principle, it is also possible to combine these two embodiments of the invention, that is to say to provide a PTC thermistor which is constructed both from series-connected and from PTC elements connected in parallel.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass es sich bei der Einrichtung um eine Heizeinrichtung handelt.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the device is a heating device.

Der Kaltleiter ist in bevorzugter Ausgestaltung somit als Heizelement ausgeführt bzw. Bestandteil einer Heizeinrichtung.The PTC thermistor is thus designed in a preferred embodiment as a heating element or part of a heating device.

Der Vorteil gegenüber ohmschen Widerständen besteht darin, dass Kaltleiter den elektrischen Widerstand temperaturabhängig ändern, so dass ein zu hoher Temperaturwert aufgrund des dann angestiegenen Widerstandswertes verhindert werden kann.The advantage over ohmic resistors is that PTC thermistors change the electrical resistance as a function of temperature, so that a too high temperature value can be prevented due to the then increased resistance value.

Vorzugsweise ist somit vorgesehen, dass der Kaltleiter einen nichtlinearen Widerstandsverlauf zeigt, d.h. dass dessen Widerstand überproportional mit der Temperatur ansteigt.Preferably, it is thus provided that the PTC thermistor exhibits a non-linear resistance characteristic, i. that its resistance increases disproportionately with the temperature.

Die Heizeinrichtung kann mehrere Kaltleiter umfassen, an die ein oder mehrere Wärmeübertragungsbereiche angrenzen. Dabei kann der Kaltleiter in Form einer oder mehrerer Platten ausgeführt sein.The heater may include a plurality of PTC thermistors adjacent to one or more heat transfer areas. In this case, the PTC thermistor can be designed in the form of one or more plates.

Vorzugsweise weisen die Wärmeübertragungsbereiche Luftdurchlässe auf, die beispielsweise derart angeordnet sind, dass die Strömungsrichtung durch die Luftdurchlässe parallel zu der Ebene der plattenförmig ausgeführten Kaltleiter erläuft. Denkbar ist es, dass die Luftdurchlässe durch eine lamellenartige oder rippenartige Struktur gebildet werden, die sich vorzugsweise jeweils zu beiden Seiten eines Kaltleiters erstreckt.The heat transfer areas preferably have air passages which are arranged, for example, such that the flow direction through the air passages runs parallel to the plane of the plate-shaped PTC thermistors. It is conceivable that the air passages are formed by a lamellar or rib-like structure, which preferably extends in each case on both sides of a PTC thermistor.

Bevorzugt stehen die Wärmeübertragungsflächen unmittelbar oder mittelbar mit dem oder den Kaltleitern in Verbindung.Preferably, the heat transfer surfaces are directly or indirectly connected to the one or more PTC thermistors.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner einen Heizer mit einer oder mehreren Einrichtungen gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 sowie ein Fahrzeug oder Luftfahrzeug mit einer oder mehren Einrichtungen gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 und/oder mit einem oder mehreren Heizern gemäß Anspruch 12.The invention further relates to a heater with one or more devices according to one of claims 1 to 11 and to a vehicle or aircraft with one or more devices according to one of claims 1 to 11 and / or with one or more heaters according to claim 12.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist insbesondere für die Verwendung in Luftfahrzeugen von Interesse, da in diesem Fall Stromverzerrungen des Wechselstrom-Bordnetzes besonders unerwünscht sind, die durch die vorliegende Erfindung vollständig oder weitgehend verhindert werden können.The present invention is of particular interest for use in aircraft, since in this case current distortions of the AC electrical system are particularly undesirable, which can be completely or largely prevented by the present invention.

Die vorliegende Erfindung ist jedoch nicht darauf beschränkt, sondern umfaßt auch für alle anderen Einsatzbereiche, d.h. stationäre Anwendungen.However, the present invention is not so limited but includes all other uses, i. stationary applications.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der Erfindung werden anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1:
eine schematische Darstellung der Reduzierung der Stromverzerrung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung,
Figur 2:
unterschiedliche Ansichten einer Heizeinrichtung mit aus Kaltleiterelementen bestehenden Kaltleitern gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung und
Figur 3:
eine schematische Darstellung eines Heizers mit zwei darin angeordneten Heizeinrichtungen sowie eine Heizeinrichtung in perspektivischer Darstellung.
Further details and advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:
FIG. 1:
a schematic representation of the reduction of the current distortion according to the present invention,
FIG. 2:
different views of a heater with existing of PTC thermistors PTC thermistors according to the present invention and
FIG. 3:
a schematic representation of a heater with two heating devices arranged therein and a heater in a perspective view.

Figur 1 zeigt in der linken Darstellung die durch PTC-Elemente hervorgerufene Stromverzerrung im Wechselstromkreis, die durch die vorliegende Erfindung gemäß Figur 1, rechte Darstellung auf ein akzeptables Maß reduziert wird. FIG. 1 shows in the left-hand illustration the current distortion caused by PTC elements in the AC circuit, which is determined by the present invention FIG. 1 , right-hand representation is reduced to an acceptable level.

Figur 2 zeigt mit dem Bezugszeichen 10 eine Heizeinrichtung gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung in unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltungen. Wie dies aus Figur 2 hervorgeht, besteht die Anordnung aus einem Gehäuse 12 sowie aus einem darin befindlichen Einsatz 20. FIG. 2 shows by reference numeral 10, a heating device according to the present invention in different embodiments. Like this FIG. 2 As can be seen, the arrangement consists of a housing 12 and an insert 20 located therein.

Der Einsatz 20 besteht aus Kaltleitern 30, die jeweils zwischen zwei Wärmeübertragungsbereichen 40 angeordnet sind. Die Wärmeübertragungsbereiche 40 weisen mehrere benachbarte und übereinander angeordnete Durchlässe zur Durchströmung von Luft auf. Wie dies aus Figur 2 weiter hervorgeht, grenzen jeweils zwei der Wärmeübertragungsbereiche 40 an einen Kaltleiter 30 an.The insert 20 consists of PTC thermistors 30, which are each arranged between two heat transfer areas 40. The heat transfer areas 40 have a plurality of adjacent and stacked passages for the passage of air. Like this FIG. 2 2, two of the heat transfer areas 40 each adjoin a PTC thermistor 30.

Mit den Bezugszeichen GND und 150VAC sind die Anschlüsse bzw. ist die Spannungsversorgung der Heizeinrichtung 10 gekennzeichnet.Reference numerals GND and 150VAC denote the connections or the voltage supply of the heating device 10.

Wie dies des weiteren aus Figur 2 hervorgeht, bestehen die Kaltleiter in dem hier dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel aus jeweils sechs Kaltleiterelementen 32, von denen jeweils zwei in Reihe geschaltet sind.Like this further out FIG. 2 As can be seen, the PTC resistors in the embodiment shown here each consist of six PTC thermistor elements 32, two of which are each connected in series.

Insgesamt besteht ein Kaltleiterelement 32 aus zwei parallelen, aufeinander liegenden Reihen mit jeweils drei PTC-Steinen bzw. Kaltleiterelementen 32. Somit besteht ein Kaltleiter 30 gemäß diesem Ausführungsbeispiel aus sechs Kaltleiterelementen 32Altogether, a PTC thermistor element 32 consists of two parallel, mutually superposed rows, each with three PTC bricks or PTC thermistor elements 32. Thus, a PTC thermistor 30 according to this exemplary embodiment consists of six PTC thermistor elements 32

Die Kaltleiterelemente 32 können beispielsweise eine Dicke von ca. 2 mm und eine Breite von ca. 6 mm aufweisen. Selbstverständlich handelt es sich hierbei nur um ein die Erfindung nicht beschränkendes Merkmal.The PTC elements 32 may, for example, have a thickness of about 2 mm and a width of about 6 mm. Of course, this is only a non limiting the invention feature.

Die Kaltleiterelemente 32 können als Keramikbauteile mit nichtlinearem Widerstandsverlauf ausgeführt sein.The PTC elements 32 may be designed as ceramic components with non-linear resistance profile.

Figur 3 zeigt einen Heizer 50 mit einer Einlaßöffnung 52 und einer Auslaßöffnung 54 für die aufzuheizende bzw. aufgeheizte Luft. FIG. 3 shows a heater 50 with an inlet opening 52 and an outlet opening 54 for the heated or heated air.

Quer zur Strömungsrichtung der Luft sind zwei Heizeinrichtungen 10 gemäß Figur 3, rechte Darstellung angeordnet. Die Heizeinrichtungen 10 sind in Strömungsrichtung der Luft in Reihe geschaltet.Transverse to the flow direction of the air are two heaters 10 according to FIG. 3 , right hand representation arranged. The heaters 10 are connected in series in the flow direction of the air.

Wie dies aus Figur 3, rechte Darstellung hervorgeht, besteht jede der Heizeinrichtungen 10 aus mehreren Wärmeübertragungsbereichen 40 sowie jeweils dazwischen angeordneten Kaltleitern 30.Like this FIG. 3 As shown in the right-hand illustration, each of the heating devices 10 consists of a plurality of heat transfer regions 40 and, in each case, thermistors 30 arranged therebetween.

Das Bezugszeichen 14 kennzeichnet die elektrischen Anschlüsse des Heizelementes 10 und das Bezugszeichen 16 ein Gehäuse des Heizelementes 10, das durch das Verfahren des "injection molding" hergestellt wurde. Entsprechendes gilt für das Gehäuse des Heizers 50. Das Bezugszeichen 18 kennzeichnet schließlich ein Federelement zur Fixierung des Heizelementes 10.The reference numeral 14 denotes the electrical terminals of the heating element 10 and the reference numeral 16 a housing of the heating element 10, which was prepared by the method of "injection molding". The same applies to the housing of the heater 50. The reference numeral 18 finally indicates a spring element for fixing the heating element 10.

Der Heizer 50 gemäß Figur 3 kann beispielsweise dazu eingesetzt werden, angenehme Umgebungsbedingungen in der Passagierkabine eines Luftfahrzeuges oder auch in anderen Bereichen, wie beispielsweise der Bordküche oder Aufenthaltsräumen für das Personal, Lagerräumen etc. eines Luftfahrzeuges aufrechtzuerhalten.The heater 50 according to FIG. 3 can be used, for example, to maintain pleasant environmental conditions in the passenger cabin of an aircraft or in other areas, such as the galley or recreation rooms for staff, storage rooms, etc. of an aircraft.

Claims (13)

Einrichtung mit wenigstens einem Kaltleiter (30) und wenigstens einer mit dem Kaltleiter in Verbindung stehenden Wechselspannungsquelle, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kaltleiter (30) derart dimensioniert ist, dass der Spannungsabfall über den Kaltleiter (30) den Wert von 40 V/mm nicht übersteigt.Device having at least one PTC thermistor (30) and at least one connected to the PTC thermistor AC voltage source, characterized in that the PTC thermistor (30) is dimensioned such that the voltage drop across the PTC thermistor (30) does not exceed the value of 40 V / mm , Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kaltleiter (30) derart dimensioniert ist, dass der Spannungsabfall über den Kaltleiter (30) den Wert von 35 V/mm nicht übersteigt.Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the PTC thermistor (30) is dimensioned such that the voltage drop across the PTC thermistor (30) does not exceed the value of 35 V / mm. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kaltleiter (30) derart dimensioniert ist, dass der Spannungsabfall über den Kaltleiter (30) den Wert von 30 V/mm nicht übersteigt.Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the PTC thermistor (30) is dimensioned such that the voltage drop across the PTC thermistor (30) does not exceed the value of 30 V / mm. Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kaltleiter (30) aus mehreren, in Reihe geschalteten Kaltleiterelementen (32) aufgebaut ist.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the PTC thermistor (30) of a plurality of series-connected PTC elements (32) is constructed. Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kaltleiter (30) aus mehreren, parallel geschalteten Kaltleiterelementen (32) aufgebaut ist.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the PTC thermistor (30) is composed of a plurality of PTC thermistor elements (32) connected in parallel. Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kaltleiter (30) sowohl aus in Reihe geschalteten als auch aus parallel geschalteten Kaltleiterelementen (32) aufgebaut ist.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the PTC thermistor (30) is constructed both from series-connected and from parallel-connected PTC elements (32). Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei der Einrichtung um eine Heizeinrichtung (10) handelt.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device is a heating device (10). Einrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizeinrichtung (10) mehrere Kaltleiter (30) umfaßt, an die ein oder mehrere Wärmeübertragungsbereiche (40) angrenzen.Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the heating device (10) comprises a plurality of PTC thermistors (30) adjoined by one or more heat transfer areas (40). Einrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kaltleiter (30) plattenförmig ausgeführt sind.Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the PTC thermistors (30) are designed plate-shaped. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 8 und 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wärmeübertragungsbereiche (40) Luftdurchlässe aufweisen, die derart angeordnet sind, dass die Strömungsrichtung durch die Luftdurchlässe parallel zu der Ebene der plattenförmig ausgeführten Kaltleiter (30) verläuft.Device according to claim 8 and 9, characterized in that the heat transfer areas (40) have air passages which are arranged such that the flow direction through the air passages parallel to the plane of the plate-shaped PTC thermistors (30). Einrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei dem Kaltleiter um einen keramischen Kaltleiter handelt.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is the PTC thermistor is a ceramic PTC thermistor. Heizer (50) mit einer oder mehreren Einrichtungen gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11.A heater (50) having one or more devices according to any one of claims 1 to 11. Fahrzeug oder Luftfahrzeug mit einer oder mehren Einrichtungen gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 und/oder mit einem oder mehreren Heizern (50) gemäß Anspruch 12.Vehicle or aircraft having one or more devices according to one of claims 1 to 11 and / or with one or more heaters (50) according to claim 12.
EP20080017977 2007-10-16 2008-10-14 Device with at least one ptc resistor Active EP2051561B1 (en)

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RU2488983C2 (en) 2013-07-27
RU2008140989A (en) 2010-04-20
CN101413718A (en) 2009-04-22
EP2051561B1 (en) 2015-04-29
CA2640987C (en) 2015-12-01
US20090121824A1 (en) 2009-05-14
US8212647B2 (en) 2012-07-03
CA2640987A1 (en) 2009-04-16
JP2009099992A (en) 2009-05-07

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